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AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animal Fibre Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 3rd Lesson Animal Fibre

7th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animal Fibre Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
In sericulture industry do which stages of silkworm weavers buy? Why do they do so?
Answer:

1. The eggs of silk moth are called ‘seeds’.
2. These moths are kept in grill mesh boxes in separate rooms.
3. These are also called ‘Chilakalu’. Another name for them is ‘Bombyx Mori’.
4. White cloth pieces or paper are arranged at the time of laying eggs.
5. Moths lay hundreds of eggs on them.
6. A female moth lays around 500 eggs in one go and dies.
7. Farmers from different places come and purchase these eggs.

Question 2.
Which place in our state is called silk city?
Answer:
Dharmavaram in our state is called the silk city.

Question 3.
Prepare a chart showing life cycle of silk worm and display that in the classroom.
Answer:

Life Cycle

1. Eggs
2. Worm
3. Big size worm
4. Grown worm
5. Larva
6. Caterpillar
7. Cocoon
8. Pupa
9. Matured pupa
10. Imago

Question 4.
Why are cocoons stiffled?
Answer:

1. The cocoons have to be stiffled to kill the Larva inside.
2. If the Larva inside is not killed, it will cut its way out after growing into a moth and spoil the cocoon.
3. If such a thing happens continuous thread of silk from such a cocoon is not possible to get.

Question 5.
What will happen if cocoon is not boiled? (OR)
Generally larvae of silk moth are killed by a process of stiffing to collect silk from a cocoon. What will happen if the cocoon is not boiled?
Answer:

1. If the cocoon is not boiled, the larva inside the cocoon grows and cuts its way out after growing into a moth and spoil the cocoon.
2. In such a case we won’t be able to obtain quality fibre for fabric.

Question 6.
What are the differences between fleece of Angora goat and camel?
Answer:

Angora goat fleece	Camel fleece
1) Angora goat live in Kashmir.	2) Angora goat have soft hair.
1) Camel live in Rajasthan.	2)      Camels have rough and coarse hair.

Question 7.
Make a flow chart showing various stages of production of woollen fabric.
Answer:

Question 8.
In what way is knitting different from weaving?
Answer:

1. Strands of yarn are arranged in vertical and horizontal rows in a loom to weave fabric.
2. Two sets of yarn arranged together to make fabric is called weaving.
3. Wool can be knit easily because it has a natural bend or crimp on it.
4. By making knots with loops and rings of a long thread of yarn, woolen fabrics are knitted.
5. In addition to handmade process of knitting, handlooms and powerlooms are also used on which woolen yarn is woven to fabric.
   
6. Woolen threads are stretched from the top of loom to the bottom. These are called warp threads. The threads that go side to side are weft threads.
7. A shuttle like a big needle takes the weft threads over and under warp threads. One more important part of the loom is the harness.
8. The harness lifts every other warp thread so that the weft threads go over one and under the next. All types of yarn whether cotton or silk or wool etc. are woven in this manner.
   

Question 9.
Prepare a scrap book with pictures of different wool yielding animals.
Answer:

The student is advised to prepare this scrap book independently.

Question 10.
Fill up the blank and give your reasons for the statement.
…….. fabric protect us from cold.
Answer:
Woolen fabric protect us from cold. Because wool is a poor conductor of heat. Air trapped in between the woolen fibres and our body prevents the flow of heat from our body to surroundings.

Question 11.
If you are going to visit Dal lake at Kashmir which type of clothes would you like to keep in your luggage? Why?
Answer:

1. In Kashmir, it would be very cold.
2. Unless one wears clothes to protect himself from this chill weather, It becomes difficult to carry on with the day to day activities.
3. Woolen clothes protect from chill weather.
4. The gap between the threads of the woolen cloth is filled with air.
5. Air and wool are bad conductors of heat.
6. Woolen clothes are best to wear in Kashmir.
7. So I keep woolen clothes in my luggage when I am going to visit Kashmir.

Question 12.
Do you find any similarities between silk and wool weaving? What are they?
Answer:

1. Both silk and wool weaving is done on power looms as well as on handlooms.
2. Woolen threads are stretched from the top of the loom to the bottom. These are called warp threads.
3. The threads that go side to side are weft threads.
4. A shuttle like a big needle takes the weft threads over and under warp threads.
5. One more important part of the loom is the harness.
6. The harness lifts every other warp thread so that the weft threads go over one and under the next.
7. All types of yarn whether cotton or silk or wool etc. are woven in this manner.

Question 13.
Write 5 differences between wool and silk manufacturing.
Answer:

Silk	Wool
1) The silk yarn is obtained from the cocoon of the silk moth.	1) The fleece of the sheep along with a thin layer of skin is removed from its body. This process is called shearing.
2) For obtaining silk, moths are reared and their cocoons are collected to get silk thread.	2) The sheared skin with hair is thoroughly washed in tanks to remove grease, dust and dirt. This is called scouring.
3) The process of taking out threads from the cocoon for use as silk is called reeling the silk.	3) The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different textures are separated.
4) Tassar, Mooga, Kosa etc., are different varieties of silk.	4) The small fluffy fibres called burrs are picked out from the hair.
5) Silk fibres obtained by reeling the spun into silk threads, which are woven into silk cloth by the weavers.	5) Fibres are straightened, combed and rolled into yarn. The longer fibres are made into wool for sweaters and the shorter fibres are spun and woven into woolen cloth.

Question 14.
Observe designs on silk sarees, trace them in your notebook and make your own designs.
Answer:

Question 15.
In East India silk is called pat. You may collect different pieces of silk fabric from cloth stores and write the names of the type of fabric and make a chart.
Answer:

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 7th Lesson People and Settlement Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 7th Lesson People and Settlement

10th Class Social Studies 7th Lesson People and Settlement Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
What is a settlement?
Answer:

1. The way we organize ourselves and our living spaces in a place is called a settlement.
2. The geographic space where we live and work is a settlement.
3. In a settlement, we have different kinds of activities – educational, religious, commercial etc.
4. There may be various settlements of humans, right from a small hamlet to a megacity.
5. Settlements usually undergo changes.
6. Many basic concepts like site, situation, and the history of the place attract settlements in various places.
7. As settlements become more and more diversified in their characteristics, they also become more and more complex.

Question 2.
How did human lifestyles change with the settlement?
Answer:

1. Settlements change for many reasons.
2. Over the decades, cities have attracted people from all parts surrounding them as people migrated in search of livelihood, jobs etc.
3. This resulted in different types of slum areas or areas of the poor in the city.
4. Some are regularized and the rest are unauthorized colonies.
5. These places at a later time demarcated for other purposes.
6. People face constant threats of eviction.
7. Planning authorities ignore the existence of these and these colonies do not receive many public amenities.
8. Increasing urbanization is providing greater opportunities for people and causes more economic productivities.
9. Apart from that, people face many problems.

(OR)

1. Agriculture brought about many changes in human lifestyles.
2. People do not have to travel over large areas to obtain food.
3. They could now increasingly stay in one place. As agriculturalists, they were increasingly sedentary.
4. As agriculture progressed, people organized their life around patterns observed in nature.
   For example, the seasonal cycles, how to predict climatic conditions, how to plan the timing at cropping practices and so on.
5. They also had time to speculate on other things – The movements of heavenly bodies.
6. Population size also increased.

Question 3.
Define site features and situation features. Give one example for each from the place you live in.
Answer:

1. To understand what kinds of places attracted settlement we need to look at these basic concepts
   (I) site (ii) situation (iii) history of the place.
2. Site refers to the characteristics of the place its topography, altitude, water characteristics (the place with lakes, rivers, underground water, etc.) types of soils, security, shelter from natural forces, and so on.
3. The place we live in mostly consists of alluvial soil as it is on the banks of the river Krishna.
4. The situation describes the connections with other places.
5. The place we live in is equidistant from towns Mangalagiri and Tenali and the city of Vijayawada.

Question 4.
How does the Census of India define various kinds of places? How does it organize them in order of size and other characteristics?
Answer:

1. The Census of India, organizes settlements in India in a hierarchy based on the population.
2. The lowermost in hierarchy was a hamlet which is defined as a group of houses within the revenue village.
3. The next above is a revenue or census village, which is defined as a village with defined borders.
4. All the urban areas having a population between 5000 to 1 lakh are called towns.
5. Urban areas having a population between 1 lakh to 1 million are called cities or class I cities.
6. Cities having a population between one million to 10 million are called metropolitan cities or million plus cities.
7. Cities having more than 10 million people are called Mega cities.
8. The Census of India organizes the above on the basis or in order of size, population and a few other characteristics.

Question 5.
What is an aerotropolis? How is it structured?
Answer:

1. Aerotropolises are the settlements that are centered around large airports.
2. In an aerotropolis the port functions as a city in its own right.
3. Many facilities like hotels, shopping, entertainment, food, business conferencing etc. are provided right there.
4. People can fly in, conduct their business with their counter parts right there, and fly out with all the comfort of a city, without the traffic and other problems.
5. Some of aerotropolises are emerging in these places in India. Bengaluru International Airport, Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (Hyderabad), Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi).

10th Class Social Studies 7th Lesson People and Settlement InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 88

Question 1.
Field Work:
Look at your own city, town, or village. Draw a sketch map of a selected area using the methods you had learned earlier. Your map should show the following:
Roads; Houses; Shops and markets; Streams and drains;
Some pubic places – hospitals, schools, bus stand, railway station etc.
(a) Are the public places at points that would be convenient to most people?
(b) Do you find any pattern in the location of markets?
(c) Are the houses in clusters? Are they linked to the main road?
Talk to people in the selected area and find out the changes in the settlement during the past twenty years and the reasons for this.
What amenities should have been provided for, but has not been done?
Answer:

(a) Yes, the public places at points are more convenient to most people.
(b) Yes, the markets are located in definite distances for the use of people.
(c) Many houses are planned and built-in colonies. Most of the colonies are connected to the nearest main roads.
I have interviewed the people of Satyanarayanapuram in Vijayawada. The railway track in that area was removed. BRTS project was sanctioned in that area. Now the BRTS Road is in use to some extent. The nearest Railway Colony is redesigned. Many shopping complexes, educational institutions are established.
Many shops are shifted from I town to Mahatma Gandhi Road. The Vijayawada Bus Stand is the best in the state/country. The Railway Station building is designed as a palace. The roads are widened.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 89

Question 2.
Compare and contrast : Using the information above, compare and contrast nomadic and sedentary lifestyles. See how many points you can identify. (Make another table if the space is not enough here.)
Answer:

Nomadic lifestyle	Sedentary lifestyle
1) Nomadic lifestyle means, they kept moving from place to place.	1) Sedentary lifestyle means, they are staying in one place.
2) Nomadics gathered food from plants and trees.	2) Sedentary people take up deliberate production of food.
3) They hunt animals for their meat, hide etc.	3) They did not travel for long distances for food.
4) Those people are known as hunter- gatherers.	4) 10,000 years ago they practised agriculture.
5) They started making and using tools initially made of stone.	5) Their practice of agriculture brought many changes in human lifestyles.
6) With tools they hunt more effectively.	6) As agriculturists they were increasingly sedentary.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 92

Question 3.
Find out what factors have influenced the settlement of your place in the past ten years.
Answer:

1. The settlement where we live has been influenced by many factors in the past ten years.
2. The situation feature of it has been taken care of as all the villages and nearly towns are being connected with all-weather roads.
3. The soils are of a black cotton type and they were completely made use of with various crops are grown like cotton, rice, turmeric, banana etc.
4. The water facility has been provided by the river an 8 km distant and fresh water made available for usage.
5. The market was made an uplift with almost all facilities for vendors as well as the customers.
6. The visiting places were made aesthetic and tourist attractive.
7. A national disaster rescue force was in operation, providing shelter from natural forces.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 93

Question 4.
Observe the following table.

1. In the population data given in the above table, are the numbers reported for every decade? If not, which decade’s data is not reported here?
   Answer:
   Yes, the percentages are reported for every decade except in 1901.
2. From which decade to which decade has the population increase been the highest (in percentage)?
   Answer:
   The population increase has been the highest from 1951 to 1961.
3. From which decade to which decade has the population increase been the least (in percentage)?
   Answer:
   The decade 1911 to 1921 showed the lowest population increase.
4. Plot the absolute population of Visakhapatnam on a line graph covering 1901-2011. What observations can you make about the changes in the absolute population size?
   Answer:
   Observations :
   1. The population growth was stable till 1951.
   2. The population growth rate was above 50% after independence.
   3. The decade of 1951 to 1961 experienced the highest growth.
   4. The absolute population has crossed 10 lakhs between 1991 to 2001.
   5. It took 9 decades to cross 10 lakhs whereas it took only one decade to cross 20 lakhs.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 94

Question 5.
Review site and situation ….
Column A contains features of a place. In column B, write site, if it is a site feature or situation if it is a situation feature. In column C, write the ways in which this feature could impact.
Answer:

Question 6.
Field work … Understanding the settlement of your place.

1. Go to some of the production locations you have noted (farms, factories, offices, shops, quarries, etc.) in the sketch map you drew and find out where they get raw materials/inputs from and where they send their goods.
   Answer:
   VIJAYA MILK FACTORY (VIJAYAWADA)
   They get milk from the neighbouring villages and from our city. They send their production throughout the state and our neighbouring states also like Tamil Nadu.
2. Which raw materials come from within your settlement?
   Answer:
   Milk
3. Similarly, find out whether the finished goods are sold only in your own settlement or sent to other places (if other places, find out where).
   Answer:
   They supply their milk and milk products throughout the state and nearby states also.
4. Why did production begin here?
   Answer:
   Reasons for starting the production :
   1. Favourable location
   2. Animal wealth in the surrounding villages and in the city.
   3. Transport facilities
   4. Storage facilities
   5. Availability of skilled and unskilled labour.
   6. Power supply
   7. Investors
   8. Other facilities like water etc.
5. Give some example of site features that has influenced production in the area.
   Answer:
   1. It is near to the railway station and bus stand.
   2. Krishna river water and underground water is available.
6. Give examples of situation features that influenced production in your area.
   Answer:
   It has train routes and road routes to all the areas in the state and to nearby states.
7. How was production influenced by the history of the place?
   Answer:
   Vijayawada is a city on the banks of the river Krishna. Many kingdoms ruled this region. It is famous for its temples of Durgamata and Mary mata. From the historical periods it is con¬nected with the nearest villages. So the production is influenced.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 95

Question 7.
Consider your own place …
The bigger a place is, the more variety of services you can find there. Take educational facilities as an example. This exercise can help illustrate how more specialized services are found in bigger places (i.e., places that are higher in the hierarchy).

1. What are the levels of schooling you can get in your place? E.g.: primary,high school, higher secondary (“+2”), college (undergraduate, postgraduate).
   Answer:
   Postgraduate college.
2. If you want to study beyond the highest level offered in your place, where would you have to go?
   Answer:
   I would have to go to any capital city, like Delhi, Hyderabad, Madras etc.
3. What kind of professional courses can you join in your place? e.g.: engineering, medicine, commerce, technical diploma, etc.
   Answer:
   All the courses mentioned in the question.
4. If you want some other professional course, where will you have to go?
   Answer:
   I would have to go to capital city, like Delhi, Hyderabad, Madras etc.

Question 8.
Atlas work…
In your atlas and look at a map of Indict. Notice how different places are shown using differ¬ent sizes of symbols: national capital, state capital, other cities, etc. How many levels are shown using different symbols? Are tiny villages shown? Create your own table and arrange the places in decreasing order (i. e., most prominent place at the top, less prominent places as you go down).
Here is an example table for you. Two examples are shown, fill in details for other places.
Answer:
Repeat this kind of study for any other country of your choice.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 96 & 97

Question 9.
Indian settlements in the hierarchy.
The Census of India, organises settlements ¡n India using certain criteria. In the table 3 the Census departments definitions of various settlement types are given. Read them carefully and complete the exercise.
Given on text page 97 Is a pyramid. The bottom-most part of the pyramid shows the lowest level of the settlement hierarchy according to the Indian census. The top-most shows highest level. Fill in the details that are left blank.

1. The name given to the particular level of settlement (Two examples are shown).
2. Give one example of a settlement from Andhra Pradesh (except in Mega cities. Why?)
3. Try to place the town where you live (if you live in a village show the town in which your school is located) at the correct level, in the space below, give 1 or 2 reasons for your choice.
4. Do you think settlements should be classified only on the basis of the population? Can you think of any other way? Discuss with your teacher and identify the criteria for such classification.

Answer:

1. 
2. Vijayawada is a settlement from Andhra Pradesh.
   Reason: Andhra Pradesh has no megacity.
3. I live in Kalisipudi and I am studying in Akividu ZPH School. Kalisipudi is my native place. Akividu ZPH School is the best school we know.
4. Settlement can be classified on the basis of population.
   It can also be classified on the facilities and historical issues.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 98

Question 10.
What is at the centre of an aerotropolis ?
Answer:

1. A new kind of settlement is occurring in many countries, including India.
   These settlements are centered around large airports.
   Hence the name ‘Aerotropolis’ (or airport city).

Question 11.
Name any two facilities located at or near the centre of an aerotropolis.
Answer:

1. In an aerotropolis the airport functions as a city in its own right.
2. Many facilities like hotels, shopping, entertainment, food, business conferencing, etc. are provided right there.
3. People can fly in, conduct their business with their counterparts right there and fly out with all the comfort of any, without the traffic and other problems.

Question 12.
On an outline map of the world, locate and label the cities given in the examples. Name the country and the airport also on the map. Remember to use different types of text to identify the name of the country and the names of the cities and airports. Thus, it will be very easy to see which words are names of countries, and which are for cities and their airports.
Answer:

1. Kempegowda International Airport (Bengaluru)
2. Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi)
3. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (Hyderabad)
4. 5uvarnabhoomi International Airport (Bangkok, Thailand)
5. Dubai International Airport (Dubai, UAE)
6. Cairo International Airport (Cairo, Egypt)
7. London Heathrow Airport (London)
   

Question 13.
Suppose the place you have studied for this chapter gets an aerotropolis near it. Mention 3 ways in which the site features of your place may change. Similarly, mention 3 ways in which the situation features of your place may change.
Answer:

1. Suppose the place we have studied for this chapter gets an aerotropolis near It.
2. The security facilities for the region are beefed up.
3. Much of the underground waters are drawn to facilitate those constructions.
4. Many lakes underlying might be covered with soil to facilitate the required land.
5. Aerotropolis is within 15 minutes walking distance from the University gate.
6. It is 20 km away from the central bus station.
7. It has all weather connecting roads to all colonies of the city.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 100

Question 14.
Using your atlas locate Berhampur.
Answer:

Question 15.
What is the issue about which the people of Mohuda village are upset ?
Answer:

1. Mohuda village was on the outskirts of Berhampur Municipal Corporation, Odisha.
2. As per a survey made in 2009, Berhampur was producing over 150 tons of solid waste everyday.
3. The nature of solid waste also changes everyday as per change in life style of inhabitants.
4. So Berhampur Municipal Corporation chose Mohuda village to set up solid waste treatment plant in 30 acres of government land.
5. But from the very beginning, the proposal has received opposition from peasants and villagers of the area.
6. Villagers of Mohuda have started to protest against the establishment of the solid waste treatment plant near their village.

(OR)

The establishment of waste treatment plant near Mohuda upset them.

Question 16.
How many people and animals are expected to be adversely affected by the facility?
Answer:

1. Villagers of Mohuda area have started to protest against the establishment of the solid waste treatment plant near their village.
2. According to them, if this solid waste treatment plant was established near Mohuda, pollution caused by it may affect a population of around 30,000 people as well as around 10,000 domestic animals of the area.

Question 17.
What was the alternative location for the facility and why was it not used?
Answer:

1. The alternative location for this facility was Chandania hill on the outskirts of the city.
2. Twenty acres of land had also been ear marked for the purpose.
3. A boundary wall had been built up around the land patch at a cost of over 50 lakh rupees.
4. But it was found that the land at Chandania hill was forest land.
5. It was to be transferred to revenue department and consequently to Berhampur Municipal Corporation.
6. Then only the waste treatment plant can be established in that land.

Question 18.
What data does the report give about the quantity of solid waste produced by Berhampur ?
Answer:

1. As per a survey made in 2009, Berhampur was producing over 150 tons of solid waste every day.
2. In three years it must have increased say Berhampur Municipal Corporation Authorities.
3. The nature of solid waste also changes every day as per change in lifestyle of inhabitants.
4. This is the data that the report gives about the quantity of solid waste produced in Berhampur.

Question 19.
Berhampur Municipal Corporation authorities say that the amount of solid waste, produced by the city”must have increased in three years.”Do you agree or disagree with their statement? Why or why not ?
Answer:

1. Berhampur Municipal Corporation authorities say that the amount of solid waste produced by the city must have increased in three years.
2. I do agree with this statement.
3. In 2009, itself Berhampur was producing over 150 tons of solid waste every day.
4. Not only that, the nature of solid waste also changes every day as per change in the lifestyle of inhabitants.
5. Usually city population increases at a rapid rate due to urbanization.
6. Thus, the solid waste in Berhampur must have increased in 3 years.

 

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 3rd Lesson Production and Employment Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 3rd Lesson Production and Employment

10th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Production and Employment Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
(i) Employment in the service sector ——– increased to the same extent as production. (has/ has not)
(ii) Workers in the ——– sector do not produce goods. (service / agricultural)
(iii) Most of the workers in the ——– sector enjoy job security. (organized / unorganized)
(iv) A ——– proportion of laborers in India are working in the unorganized sector. (large/small)
(v) Cotton is a ——– product and cloth is a ——– product. (natural / manufactured)
Answer:
(i) has not
(ii) service
(iii) organized
(iv) large
(v) natural, manufactured

Question 2.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
(a) Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in ——– sector.
(i) primary
(ii) secondary
(iii) tertiary
(iv) information technology
Answer:
(i) primary

(b) GDP is the total value of ——– produced during a particular year.
(i) all goods and services
(ii) all final goods and services
(iii) all intermediate goods and services
(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
Answer:
(ii) all final goods and services

(c) In terms of GDP the share of service sector in 2009-10 was ——– .
(i) between 20 and 30 per cent
(ii) between 30 and 40 per cent
(iii) between 50 and 60 per cent
(iv) 70 per cent
Answer:
(i) between 50 and 60 percent

Question 3.
Find the odd one out and say why.
(i) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer
Answer:
Vegetable vendor.

1. The remaining three are the occupations of educated skilled labour.
2. Vegetable vendor need not have education.

(ii) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable
Answer:
Cobbler.

1. The remaining three are government servants.
2. Cobbler is self-employed person.

Question 4.
Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and services sectors is useful? Explain how.
Answer:
Classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful.

1. If all the economic activities are remained in only one sector, it would be difficult for the calculation of National Income, Per capita Income, etc. parameters.
2. Concentration on various economic activities for their growth will not be possible.
3. Allocation of funds, administration of sectors all becomes a tough task.
4. Classification of activities paves way for smooth functioning of the various calculations concerned.

Question 5.
For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter, why should one focus on employ¬ment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.
Answer:
We are studying about the production in our country and the employment in the country. So for each of the sectors we come across one focussed on employment and GDP.
Yes other issues which should be examined are:

1. We should know the life expectancy of the people.
2. Should prepare a developmental plan and should discuss to which sector will give importance.
3. To know the poverty and unemployment range and try to abolish.
4.  Balanced regional development.
5. Modernization of technology.
6. Self-reliance of the country.
7. How to achieve surplus food production in the country.

Question 6.
How is the service sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
Answer:

1. Service sector is different from the other two sectors, agricuture and industry.
2. Agriculture and industry sectors produce goods whereas service sector does not produce any good.
3. In agriculture and in industrial sector they need the help of service sector in the production of their goods.
4. But service sector does not need the help of agriculture or industry in its service.
5. Without service sector the needs of people for their physical and mental growth are not fulfilled.
6. Service sector is the lifeline of people.
7. Growth in service sector indicates modernisation.

Question 7.
What do you understand by underemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
Answer:

1. The situation of underemployment could be understand as each one is doing some work, but no one is fully employed.
2. Here people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential.
3. This underemployment has different areas facets in rural and urban areas.
4. In rural areas this could be clearly understood from the example of disguised unemployment.
5. Though there is need of 2 persons for the land they have, the entire family of village formers depend on agriculture, which will not sufficiently provide work.
6. In urban areas also people work as casual labour in many factories. If there is demand, the factories give them opportunities and if there is no demand, the people are asked to go back without work.

Question 8.
The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues:
Wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.
Answer:

1. Unorganised sector workers need protection on issues of wages, safety and health.
2. There is low paid and irregular working days nature of their work.
3. They are not given paid leave, holidays with payment and payment for overtime work.
4. So they need protection for their wages on par with any organised sector employment.
5. There is no security of job for them.
6. So they must be provided with safety of the job.
7. They do not have leave due to sickness and if they are absent, they lose their wages.
8. There must be the protection for their health with paid holidays and medical insurance.
9. They are not even provided with safe working environment.
10. There must be protection for their safe working environment.

Question 9.
A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked are in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs. 6000 crores. Out of this Rs. 3200 crores was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What are the ways for generating more employment in the city?
Answer:
Contribution of organised and unorganised sectors in Ahmedabad in 1997-98:

1. Government must provide more incentives to people who are engaged in unorganised sector.
2. Government should give waiver of certain taxes, exemptions of certain taxes and encourage many others to take up the establishments.

Question 10.
Complete the given table with employment opportunities in organised sector and unorganised sector in various regions of our state.

Answer:

10th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Production and Employment InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 28

Question 1.
Classify the following list of occupations under agriculture, industry and service sectors. Give reasons for your classification :

Answer:

Occupation	Classification
Tailor	Basket weaver
Flower cultivator	Milk vendor
Fishermen	Primary sector
Priest	Service sector
Courier	Service sector
Workers in match factory	Secondary sector
Moneylender	Tertiary sector
Gardener	Primary sector
Potter	Secondary sector
Bee-keeper	Tertiary sector
Astronaut	Tertiary sector
Call centre employee	Tertiary sector

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 29

Question 2.
The following table shows the percentage of workers employed in different sectors in India in 1972-73 and in 2009-2010, i.e., after 37 years.
(i) What are the major changes that you observe from the above table?
Answer:

1. The percentage of workers employed in agricultural sector was decreased by 21%.
2. The percentage of workers employed in industrial sector was increased by 11%.
3. The percentage of workers employed in service sector was increased by 10%.
4. These changes suggest that India is a developing country in its economy,

(ii) From what you have read before, discuss what could be some of the reasons for these changes.
Answer:

1. After the planning was started in India, factories came up and started expanding.
2. People began to use many more goods.
3. Industrial sector became the dominant sector and the importance of agriculture declined.
4. In the past 50 years, there has been a further shift from industry to service sector.
5. The service sector has become the most important in terms of total production.

Question 3.
Observe the pictures and mention the sector which they belong to :

1. ——–
2. ——–
3. ——–
4. ——–

Answer:

1. Agricultural sector
2. Primary sector (Mining)
3. Service sector
4. Industrial sector

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 30

Question 4.
Observe the following graph and answer the given questions.
Graph : GDP by Agriculture, Industry and Service Sectors (Rs. in Crores)
(a) Which was the largest producing sector in 1972 – 73 ?
Answer:

1. Agriculture was the largest producing sector in 1972 – 73.
2. Out of the aggregate GDP of 5,86,346 the contribution of agriculture was 2,43,082 and the remaining industry was 1,33,912 and services was 2,09,352.

(b) Which was the largest producing sector in 2009 -10 ?
Answer:

1. Services vyas the largest producing sector in 2009 -10 .
2. Out of the aggregate GDP of 45,16,071 the contribution of service was 25,78,165 and the remaining industry was 11,73,089 and agriculture was 7,64,817.

(c) Fill in the blank :
The total value of production of goods and services in India increased approximately ——– times between 1972 – 73 and 2009 – 10.
Answer:
8

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 31

Question 5.
Discuss : To find out the total value of goods produced should we add them up?
Answer:
1) No. We should not add them all.
2) The value of final good (Idli, Dosa) includes the value of all the intermediate goods that are used in making final good.
3) Goods such as paddy, rice and husk are at the intermediary stages.
4) They are not being used by the final consumer.
5) They are used as inputs to make final good. If we add them to final good, we are double counting.

Question 6.
In the above example, paddy or rice is the intermediate good and idli is the final good. The following are a few goods we consume in our daily lives. List some of the intermediate goods against each one.
Answer:

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 32

Question 7.

Discuss : Why do both methods give the same result ?
Answer:
Value added at all stages = Rs. 2500 + Rs. 1100 + Rs. 1400 = Rs. 5000. Stage 3 (sale of Idli and Dosa) = Rs. 5000

1. Whatever may be the method the value of final goods/services does not change.
2. In the first method, we do not add up the intermediate goods as the result in double counting.
3. But we calculated the value of the final goods (Idli, Dosa) that were produced.
4. In the second method, at every stage we counted the value added.
5. Finally we added up all the values added and got the final good value.
6. Thus both the methods give the same result.

Question 8.
The value of GDP is given the following table. Compute the growth rate of GDP as shown for 2010 – 11?
Answer:
10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 34

Question 9.
Can you find out some examples of trade, hotels, transport and communication ?
Answer:

1. Different types of shops, showrooms, supermarkets, groceries, hardware merchants, steel merchants, rice traders, fancy and general stores, malls and shopping complex are included in this.
2. Different types of tiffin centers, hotels are included in this.
3. Various types of vehicles like auto, rickshaw, jeep, van, truck, lorry, bus, passenger train, express train, goods train, double decker train, boat, ship, steamer, helicopter, aeroplane etc. are included in this.
4. Newspaper, journals, magazines, e-books, televisions, news channels, sport channels, devotional channels, land lines, cell phones, fax, email, internet and satellite services are included in this.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 35

Question 10.
Read the above table and fill in the blanks.

1. Majority of workers in agriculture are living in ——– areas.
2. Most ——– workers are employed in agriculture sector. Only a small section of ——– is in industrial sector.
3. More than 90% of urban workers are getting employment in ——– and ——– sectors.
4. Compared to males, female workers are getting employment in ——– and ——– sectors only to a small extent.

Answer:

1. rural
2. female, 16%
3. industrial, service
4. industrial, service

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 36 & 37

Question 11.
Observe the following pie charts.

Look at the above pie charts and fill in the following table.

Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases

7th Class Science 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
The sting of a wasp is basic. How can we treat the sting of a wasp?
Answer:

1. The sting of wasp is basic. So it should be treated with an acid to neutralize it.
2. Acetic acid may be taken and rubbed on the place where wasp put its sting.

Question 2.
Why are acids not stored in a metal container?
Answer:

1. Acids react with metals releasing hydrogen.
2. To avoid this acids are not stored in metal containers.

Question 3.
Acidic, basic and neutral solutions are given in three test tubes and you are given a strip of red litmus. How will you identify the three solutions?
Answer:

1. Red litmus strip is dipped in the solutions contained in the three test tubes one after another.
2. The solution in which red litmus is turned into blue is considered as base.
3. The solution in which this blue litmus is turned into red is considered as an acid.
4. The solution in which either red or blue litmus does not change its colour is neutral solution.

Question 4.
When drops of lemon juice are put on blue litmus it turns red, what will happen if you put some drops of soap solution on the same position on litmus paper?
Answer:

1. Lemon juice is acidic. So blue litmus turned into red when drops of this juice are put on blue litmus.
2. Soap solution is basic in nature. So when drops of soap solution are put on the same position of the litmus paper, the litmus paper slowly changes into blue colour.

Question 5.
What happens when Nitric acid is added to egg shell?
Answer:
When Nitric acid is added to egg shell carbon dioxide gas is released.

Question 6.
Turmeric stains on white clothes, when washed with soap, turn red. Why?
Answer:

1. Turmeric is a natural indicator.
2. It turns red when soap water is put in touch with it.
3. So turmeric stains on white clothes, when washed with soap, turn red.

Question 7.
Ammonia is present in window cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?
Answer:
Ammonia has basic nature.

Question 8.
What is the nature of urea? Is it acidic / basic / neutral? How can we verify it? Urea is basic in nature. It turns red litmus to blue litmus.
Answer:
Red litmus paper is dipped in a solution. It remains red.

Question 9.
What is the nature of the solution? Explain your answer.
Answer:

1. The solution may be neutral or acidic.
2. Red litmus remains unchanged when dipped in acidic solution or neutral solution.

Question 10.
What is the effect of basic substances on turmeric paper?
Answer:
The turmeric paper turns red when basic substances come in touch with the turmeric paper.

Question 11.
Can flowers and turmeric papers also be called indicators? Why?
Answer:

1. Flowers and turmeric papers are natural indicators.
2. These change their colour based on the nature of the material put on them.

Question 12.
Correct the statement if it is wrong:
a) Indicators show different colours in acidic and basic solutions.
b) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red.
c) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of base.
Answer:
a) Indicators show different colours in acidic and basic solutions.
b) Sodium hydroxide turns red litmus blue.
c) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of acid.

Question 13.
Take vinegar, lemon juice, soapy water, baking soda in different vessels. Put beetroot pieces in the vessels. Predict what happens? Verify your prediction by observing the changes. After 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes record your observations. What do you conclude?
Answer:
The following are our predictions. These are found to be true when verified.

S.No.	Acid	Base
1.	Vinegar	Soapy water
2.	Lemon juice	Baking soda

Question 14.
Visit a doctor. Find out the medicines she prescribes to treat acidity. Ask her how acidity can be naturally prevented. Prepare a report.
Answer:

1. Acidity arises due to hydrochloric acid present in the stomach.
2. Acidity results in indigestion and a burning sensation in the stomach. Even it may cause headache.
3. To treat acidity doctors give antacids. These will give relief from acidity and indigestion.
4. Antacids contain sodium hydrogen carbonate. When these antacids are taken orally, they react with the hydrochloric acid present in the stomach and reduces its strength.
5. Milk of magnesia is one such antacid.
6. Eating at irregular intervals, skipping meals and eating too quickly are more reasons. Certain foods like tomatoes, lime juice, and oranges could also lead to acidity.
7. Lack of exercise and stress also results in acidity or heart burn. Hence, the best way to avoid acidity is to avoid the factors that cause it.
8. It is a must to avoid fried and oily foods, and one must drink plenty of water, at least 8-10 glasses everyday.
9. Yogurt helps in easy digestion of food.

Question 15.
Prepare red cabbage juice by boiling a piece of red cabbage in water. Use it as an indicator and test acidic and basic solutions with it. Present your observations in the form of a table.
Answer:

1. Red cabbage is cut into quarters. It is placed in a pot with a cupful of water and boiled.
2. After about fifteen to twenty minutes, turn off the stove.
3. Cut some plain white paper toweling into small strips. When the pots contents have cooled, transfer the cabbage water to a glass and dip several strips into it.
4. Place them on a wax paper to dry.
5. Let the cabbage water sit in the glass for several days in a warm, sunny spot in the home until a lot of water has evaporated.
6. This will mean the cabbage water that remains is more concentrated.
7. Dip strips of paper towel into this concentrated solution and lay them on a wax paper to dry.
8. Use this home made litmus paper to test lemon juice (an acid) and baking soda mixed with water (a base).
9. The observations are recorded.
   

   S.no	Acid		Base
   1.	Vinegar		Baking soda
   2.	Lemon		Soap
   3.	Apple		Milk of Magnesia
   4.	Tomato		Ammonia
   5.	Banana		Egg
   6.	Milk		Caustic soda
   water is neutral

Question 16.
Collect different flowers and prepare their natural indicators with the help of filter papers.
Answer:
Cut flower petals into strips or chop them in a blender. Place the cut pieces into a beaker or cup. Add just enough water to cover the plant material. Boil until the colour is removed from the plant. Filter the liquid into another container, such as a petri dish. Discard the plant matter. Saturate clean filter paper with the flower solution. Allow the filter paper to dry. You can cut the coloured paper with scissors to make pH test strips. Ex: Hibiscus, poinsettia, roses, etc.

Question 17.
Test the nature of lemon juice and milk sample with the help of natural indicators prepared from different flowers. Explain their nature.
Answer:
a) The petals of Hibiscus are taken as a natural indicator.
b) Their colour changed to red colour when tested with lemon juice.
c) This indicated that lemon juice is an acid.
d) The colour of the petals of Hibiscus remains unchanged when tested with milk.
e) This indicates that milk is neutral.

Question 18.
How do you feel about nature? Is it a big natural laboratory that contains innumerable indicators?
Answer:

1. Nature is beyond the analysis of man.
2. Nature is a big laboratory where several wonderful things happen. Only few will come to our observation.
3. Not only flowers, even leaves of plants also behave like indicators showing the changes and indicating the presence of different substances.
4. The fall of acid rain will be indicated by both flowers and leaves of certain plants.
5. What is different from the existing immediately these indicators show their entry.

Question 19.
Choose the correct answer.
a) To protect tooth decay we are advised to brush our teeth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste commonly used is
i) Acidic
ii) Neutral
iii) Basic
iv) Baking soda
Answer:
iii) Basic

b) Which of the following is acidic in nature?
i) Lemon juice
ii) Baking soda
iii) Lime water
iv) Antacid
Answer:
i) Lemon juice

Question 20.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 21.
Why industrial wastes are neutralised before releasing into water?
Answer:
The industrial wastes are neutralised before disposting into water bodies because, factory wastes often contain acid, if it reaches a river, the acid will kill aquatic life and thus brings damage to the entire ecosystem.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Components Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 1st Lesson Food Components

7th Class Science 1st Lesson Food Components Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Make a list of food items eaten during lunch by you. Try to mention the components in each food item.
Answer:
The following food items are eaten by me during lunch. The components in each food item are also given. The percentage of these components may vary from one food item to another.

Question 2.
Manjula eats only bread and omelette daily. Do you think it is a balanced diet? Why? or why not?
Answer:

1. Bread and omelette can not be called as balanced diet.
2. Balanced diet contains all food components every day in adequate quantity.
3. Diet containing food items having more of carbohydrates and proteins along with a little fat, vitamins and minerals makes a balanced diet.

Question 3.
Make a list of food items that contain all components of food.
Answer:

1. If we can eat dal, rice, rotis, green vegetables, little oil and jaggery all the food requirements of the body are fulfilled.
2. The above foods should be cooked in a proper way.

Question 4.
Who am I?
a) I am a component of food that makes paper translucent.
b) Put a drop of me on a cut potato. It turns dark blue. Who am I?
Answer:
a) Oil makes paper translucent.
b) Dilute iodine solution drop on a cut of potato turns it dark blue or black.

Question 5.
Explain what will happen if we do not include roughage in our food.
Answer:

1. Roughages are a kind of carbohydrate that our body fails to digest.
2. They help in free bowel movement in the digestive tract and prevent constipation.

Question 6.
Test the given food items and record the type of components that are present in them. (Groundnut, cooked dal, pulusu).
Answer:
1. Groundnut:
a)

1. Take a small quantity of groundnuts. Rub them gently on a piece of paper.
2. The paper turns translucent, so groundnut contains fats.

b)

1. Some groundnuts are taken. They are grinded to powder and the powder is taken in a test tube.
2. 10 drops of water is added to the powder in the test tube.
3. 2 gms. of copper sulphate is dissolved in 100 ml of water. We get 2% copper sulphate solution.
4. 10 gms. of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 100 ml. of water. We get 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
5. 2 drops of 2% copper sulphate solution and 10 drops of 10% sodium hydroxide solution are added to the groundnut solution already prepared.
6. The colour of the solution changes to purple confirming the presence of protein in groundnut.

2. Cooked Dal:

1. A sample of cooked dal solution is taken.
2. 10 drops of this solution is taken in a test tube.
3. 2 drops of 2% copper sulphate solution and 10 drops of 10% sodium hydroxide solution are added to the dal solution taken in the test tube.
4. The colour of the solution changes to purple confirming the presence of protein in cooked dal.
5. This test confirms the presence of proteins in larger amounts as compared to others.

3. Pulusu:

1. A sample pulusu solution is taken in a test tube.
2. If a drop of it is put on a paper, the paper becomes translucent confirming the presence of fat in pulusu.
3. It responds to protein test and starch test.
4. Pulusu is a mixture of all these components of food.

Question 7.
Draw some food items of your diet and explain why you like them.
Answer:
a)

1. These are the food items I like for breakfast.
2. These are tasty and smaller amounts give enough energy to maintain the strength of the body till lunch.
3. These items contain carbohydrates, proteins, fibres and fats (in some items) all of which make them near balanced diet.

b)

1. These are some of the food items of my diet and I like them because they make a balanced diet.
2. Combination of the items mentioned in the flow chart makes the food very tasty.
3. This diet contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins also.
4. These food items not only give strength to the body and mind but also help in the growth of some body parts.
5. In growing children this diet supports their growth also.

Question 8.
If you were invited to a party with many food items in the menu like Rice, Roti, Puri, Idly, Dosa, Samosa, Dal, Green Salad, Vegetable Curry, Fruit Chat, Chicken Curry, Eggs, Gulab Jamun.
a) What food items would come on to your plate to make your diet a balanced one?
b) What food items would you take plenty, adequately?
Answer:
a) To make my diet a balanced one, the following food items would come to my plate.

1. A diet containing all the nutrients and other components in proper proportion is called balanced diet. So rice, roti, dal, vegetable curry, fruit chat, chicken curry would come to my plate.

b)

1. I take the following food items in plenty. Vegetable curry, fruit chat, green salad.
2. I take the following food items adequately. Dal, dosa, idly etc.

Question 9.
How is water useful to our body?
Answer:

1. Water helps the food to move easily in the digestive tract.
2. Water helps in many other processes in our body as well.
3. So we must drink plenty of water.

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks.
a) If our food is not balanced with proper nutrients we may ——–.
b) Fibres in our diet prevents ——–.
c) Our daily diet should include plenty of ——–.
d) Oils and fats give us ——–.
Answer:
a) lose the resistive power of our body
b) constipation
c) fruits and leafy vegetables.
d) energy

Question 11.
Match the following and give the reasons.

Answer:

1. Fibre of food causes weight to food and also makes bulk forming.
2. Protein is a body building material which construct new cells.
3. Vitamins & minerals are called Micro-nutrients.
4. Carbohydrates which release chemical energy during oxidation.

Question 12.
Prepare a balanced diet chart with the help of your group and exhibit in your classroom science fair.
Answer:

For a balanced diet the following food items are important.

1. Rice
2. Wheat
3. Lemon
4. Egg
5. Cabbage
6. Amaranth
7. Roselle
8. Drumsticks
9. Bottlegourd
10. Beans
11. Milk
12. Carrot
13. Curd
14. Lady’s finger
15. Tomato etc.

Question 13.
Prepare ‘kichidi’ with your mother’s help using all kinds of available vegetables, dais, nuts etc. Write a note on the process of making kichidi.
Answer:

1. A dish is taken.
2. Suitable quantities of beaten rice, groundnut seeds, bengal gram dal are all taken in the dish. Available vegetables are taken and cut into pieces. Sufficient number of pieces are also added in the dish.
3. The mixture is fried by putting oil and keeping it on the flame of a stove.
4. After the mixture is fried it is transferred into a vessel.
5. Again the dish is taken and sufficient amounts of mustard, cumin seeds, pieces of chilli are put in it.
6. A small piece of asafoetida is also added to the contents in the dish.
7. Sufficient oil is taken in another dish and is heated by putting the dish on the flame of the stove.
8. When oil is heated to the desired temperature, the contents in the dish are put in the oil.
9. Wait till the contents are fried well.
10. Remove the contents and mix them with the mixture already stored in the vessel.
11. The total mixture of all the components is ‘kichidi’.

Question 14.
Observe whether your mother cooks on a low or high flame. Discuss with your mother and find out the reason.
Answer:

1. My mother cooks on a low flame.
2. The reason is the nutritional values of the food will be dried up if cooked on a high flame.
3. Micro-nutrients also disappear. So cooking is done of low flame only.

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 6th Lesson The People Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 6th Lesson The People

10th Class Social Studies 6th Lesson The People Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
Identify the false statements and correct them :
a) Census data is collected every 10 years.
b) Sex ratio refers to the number of female in adult population.
c) Age structure shows us the distribution of people according to their age.
d) Population density is higher in mountains as people like the climate there.
Answer:
a) The statement is correct.
b) Sex ratio refers to the number of female per 1000 male.
c) The statement is correct.
d) Population density is lower in mountains due to hilly, dissected and rocky nature of the terrain, moderate to low rainfall, shallow and less fertile soils.

Question 2.
Based on the following table answer the questions below.
(a) Identify roughly how many centuries it took for the world population to double for the first time.
Answer:
300 years.

(b) In earlier classes you had studied about colonisation. Look at the table and identify in which of the continents the population decreased by 1800.
Answer: Oceania.

(c) Which continent has been most populous for most period of time?
Answer:
Asia.

(d) Is there any continent that is projected to show a significant decrease in population in future?
Answer:
Europe.

Question 3.
List out the impacts on society if sex ratio is too low or too high.
Answer:

1. The unbalanced sex ratios should be reflected in various social settings, including the modern college campus.
2. This ratio impacts the distribution of wealth, alter who sits in boardrooms and at the executive levels of the corporation and what governments do overtime.
3. A high sex ratio can have many implications, including on crime.
4. When there is a shortage of women in the marriage market the women can “marry up”, inevitably leaving the least desirable men with a marriage prospectus.
5. Gender imbalance will lead to a reduction in birth rate.

(OR)

The variations of sex ratio shows serious impact on society.
If the sex ratio is high: (i.e., more women than men)

1. Increase in women literacy – Better family management.
2. Better financial management.
3. Increases rural economy.
4. Controls rural-urban migration.
5. Increase in self-employment through self-help groups.

If sex ratio is low: (i.e., less women than men)

1. Scarcity of women.
2. It leads to illegal trafficking of women Ex: From Southern States to UP, Bihar etc.
3. Unequal distribution of resources like health, nutrition, education etc.

Question 4.
Compare the Indian literacy rates with other countries:

What similarities and differences do you note?
Answer:

Similarities and differences:

1. Almost all Asian countries have similar literacy rate except one or two i.e., low.
   All the European countries have same literacy rate i.e., high.
2. The male literacy rate is high in all the countries except Brazil and Norway.
3. The difference between male and female literacy rate is too high in India and Nepal.
4. Only Norway has achieved 100% literacy rate.

Question 5.
Which areas of Andhra Pradesh have high density of population and what may be some of the
reasons behind it ?
Answer:
Some of the coastal districts especially in delta area and the districts around the capital city Amaravathi have high density of population.
The reasons behind it are :

1. The regions in and around the delta areas have fertile soils.
2. They have plenty of water facilities and favourable living conditions.
3. The region around the capital city are developing industrially, and in all sectors.

Question 6.
Distinguish between population growth and population change.

Population Growth	Population Change
1) Population growth is the difference between birth rate and death rate plus migration.	1) Population change is the number of people added to the total population in a year.
2) It is expressed in percentage.	2) It is expressed in the addition of number of people.
3) Growth rate was 2.14% per year as per census 1991. It has declined to 1.93% per year in 2001.	3) Population was 84.64 crore in 1991. It increased to 102.87 crore in 2001, and addition of 18.23 crore in a decade.

Question 7.
Compare the population pyramid of India with the data of three other countries given here.
(a) Which country’s population is likely to grow ?
(b) Which country’s population is likely to reduce ?
(c) Compare the gender balance: What can you tell about each country’s family and welfare policies?
Answer:
(a) India’s population is likely to grow.
(b) Sweden’s population is likely to reduce.
(c) Among the four countries Mexico has high sex ratio of 1041, Sweden follows with 1020 and Kenya with 1000, but India has a negative sex ratio – 940 females per 1000 males. As for family and welfare policies, they are well organized in Kenya.

Question 8.
Map work:
a. On a blank map of India showing state boundaries, plot the state-wise population density based on the 2011 census by taking five ranges.
Answer:

b. On a blank map of Andhra Pradesh showing district boundaries, plot the popula¬tion distribution using the dot method (one dot is equivalent to 10,000 population).
Answer:

Note: Students are advised to do the map work using the dot method. The number of dots is mentioned in the brackets.

10th Class Social Studies 6th Lesson The People InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 71

Question 1.
1. Talk to a few people in your neighborhood who have different occupations and incomes. Find out about their views on the ideal family size.
Answer:
I have opted for the following persons in our neighborhood.

Question 2.
Have you ever wondered how information about the people living in your locality or village, and the country as a whole is collected and recorded? Ask your teacher to explain their experiences of collecting census data.
Answer:
To collect census information, areas of the country are divided into enumeration districts. A census interviewer is assigned to each individual district. The interviewer is trained to fully understand each and every aspect of the census information needed. During the month before the census, the interviewer begins preliminary enumerations. The interviewer will visit each building in his or her assigned district and quickly and accurately complete the census questionnaires. Once the questionnaires have been completed, they are taken to a main census office to be checked and coded. The census information is then ready to be input into computers that can generate the required statistics.

Question 3.
What is the difference in collecting information using a census or a sample method? Discuss with few examples.
Answer:
Census and sampling both serve the purpose of providing data and information about a population.
Sample method: Under this technique, some representative units or informants are selected from the universe. These selected units are called samples. Based on the data collected from these samples, conclusions are drawn upon the whole universe.
It is to be noted that if the size of the sample is considerably large and the samples have been properly selected, various results obtained from the study of the sample units, also hold good for the entire universe.
Census method: Under this technique, each and every item or unit constituting the universe is selected for data collection.
In the Indian Census, which is conducted once in ten years, this technique is invariably followed.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 72 & 73

Question 4.
Conducting a Survey

• Each group of two to three students will collect data from 10 families of their locality. The survey form is given below.
• Each group will fill in the details and construct the tables indicated.
• Based on the tables presented by each group, the class will discuss the questions.

Answer:
Self Activity

Before the survey:

The class needs to discuss and arrive at a common meaning for all the terms used in the survey form. Otherwise, there will be confusion in the actual survey and we would not be able to com¬pare the result of one group with another. With the help of your teacher discuss the following:

1. How would a “household” be defined? Whom all would you include?
   Answer:
   A household consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation and may consist of a single-family or some other grouping of people. I would not include any others.
2. For “Education” what are the categories that you would use?
   Examples: child below six; studying in school/college, class….; should be in school but not enrolled; studied up to class ..; did not attend school.
   Answer:
   1. School education – 6 to 15 years of age
   2. College education – 15+ to 20 years of age
   3. University education – 20+ to 25 years of age
   4. Other education – 15+ to 25 years of age
3. What categories would you use for occupation?
   Examples: Homemaker, student, self-employed as …, unemployed, retired, non-employed, senior citizen.
   1. Home maker
   2. Student
   3. Employed
   4. Non-employed
   5. Retired
   6. Senior citizen etc.

After the Survey:

1. Each group would construct a table to show a number of people in the surveyed families:
   
   Answer:
   
2. What is the female/ male ratio for your group? Are the ratios very different among the groups? Discuss.
   
   Answer:
   
3. What is the percentage of dropouts & never enrolled children as a whole-for all groups? What are the reasons for this?
   Answer:
   The percentage of dropouts never enrolled children as a whole = 8%
   Reasons:
   1. Parents’ economical background,
   2. Their superstitions,
   3. Teaching styles and
   4. Subjects like English, Mathematics etc.
4. For those above 20 years, what is the average time they have spent at school? Find this for your group. Is this data useful?
   Answer:
   They spent 5[latex]\frac { 1 }{ 2 } [/latex] hours per day at school.
   This data is useful for the assessment of their school education.
5. For all people in the age group 15-59
   
   How do you classify those who are “working” and those who are “dependent” in your sample?
   Answer:
   

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 74

Question 5.
Observe the following.
(a) From the age pyramid given above, identify a rough estimate of the percentage of children in the population.
Answer:
It is 31%.
Male : 190, 075, 426;
Female : 172, 799, 553

(b) Based on your survey present the following items in a table: Population, Children, Working, Aged.
Answer:
Self Activity.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 76

Question 6.
Do girls get similar opportunities for further studies as boys?
Answer:
Yes, at present girls also get similar opportunities for further studies as boys.

Question 7.
Do married women have opportunities for travel and work outside the home?
Answer:
Yes, many of the married women have opportunities for travel and work outside the home.

Question 8.
Are women expected to maintain a separation from their natal family and not ask for security or property rights?
Answer:
Yes, women are expected to maintain a separation from their natal family. But they are expected to ask for security or property rights.

Question 9.
Is there a strong preference for boys in your region?
Answer:
Yes, there is a preference for boys in our region, but it is not strong.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 77

Question 10.
Find out if there are illiterate people in your village or town. What does your survey reveal?
Answer:
There are 10 to 15 illiterates in our village. They are all over 70 years.
Our survey reveals that they remained illiterate due to their family background and lack of knowledge.

Question 11.
Discuss: How does literacy impact development?
Answer:
Conclusion:
Low literacy rates reduce development in a country because people who are educated are more able to become doctors and lawyers and set up businesses.
e.g.: If a country has a lower literacy rate then it will have a negative impact on the country’s economy due to less people having well-paid jobs, reducing its overall development for that period of time.

Question 12.
How is an agriculture laborer different from a cultivator?
Answer:

1. Cultivators are farmers who form or supervise the land that they own or take on rent.
2. Agricultural laborers are those who work on another’s form for wages in cash or kind.
3. Cultivator invests some capital and Agricultural laborer does not invest any capital.
4. Cultivator bears the profit or loss but Agricultural laborer is not responsible for profit or loss.
5. Cultivator avails credit facilities but Agricultural laborer does not get any credit facility.

Question 13.
Compare the type of workers that you find in your survey with that of the Census?
Answer:
Total workers: 84
Cultivators – 4%
Agricultural laborers – 10%
Workers in household industries – 15%
Others – 71%
This shows development in economy.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 78

Question 14.
Observe the increment in the population of India and its growth 1901-2011.

1. In which year did the population decrease?
   Answer:
   In 1921.
2. From which year onwards is the population continuously increasing?
   Answer:
   1931
3. What could be the reasons for the speed with which increases took place after Indian independence?
   Answer:
   India has grown dramatically since achieving independence.
   Reasons:
   1. Contact with western nations, in particular Great Britain, brought with it western medicine.
   2. The infant mortality rate dropped.
   3. The life expectancy rose.
   4. As the largest democratic nation in the world, India has been unable to force population controls.
   5. High fertility rate due to early marriages.
   6. Some religious superstitions, etc.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 79

Question 15.
Here are two posters from other countries. Can you guess the message given in them? Have you seen similar posters in India? Discuss.
Answer:
Messages:

1. A small family is an ideal family (2 children).
2. It is difficult to maintain a big family i.e., with 6 or more children.

Conclusion:
Yes, I have seen similar posters in India also.
“We two, ours two”

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 80

Question 16.
The Magnitude and Rate of India’s Population Growth (calculate the missing figures and write them down)

Answer:

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 81

Question 17.
When the fertility rate is near 2, what does this imply? Discuss. (OR)
When the fertility rate is 2, what does it imply?
Answer:
It implies the change in the outlook of people.
Families decide the number of children they want to have based on many considerations such as the resources they own, their security in old age, etc.

Question 18.
Talk to some couples who are recently married but do not have children. How many children do they plan for? What are the reasons?
Answer:

1. Couple — I: Pavan and Nagalakshmi Planned for two children.
2. Couple — II: Bindu Madhavi and Ravi Kiran Planned for two children.
3. Couple — III: Syamala Gayathri and Sharma Planned for two children
4. Couple — IV: Achyuth and Sita Planned for one child.

Reasons:

1. Their economic status.
2. They want to provide best facilities to their children.
3. They want to provide best education, etc.

Question 19.
In your family trace the number of children for every woman in three generations. What changes do you observe ?
Answer:
I observe that family planning was planned in the second generation itself. So the growth rate is decreasing at present.

Question 20.
Use the survey you have done in groups and find out total number of women in the age group 45 and above and number of their children. What is the average number of children per woman in your sample?
Answer:
The average number of children per woman in our sample is only 2.

Question 21.
What are the factors that influenced the decisions about children for Umed Singh? Do you think his daughter is thinking in a similar manner?
Answer:
Umed Singh wanted to have more living children, unlike his father. He believed in the saying ‘Puthrudu lenide Punnama Narakam Tappadu.’ He has a regular income and assets to feed up his large family.
These are the factors that influenced the decisions about children for Umed Singh.
I think his daughter is also thinking in a similar manner. So she planned for 3 children.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 82

Question 22.
By which year was all the land in the village cultivated?
Answer:
By 1970 all the land in the Rampur village was cultivated.

Question 23.
How do you think landed people responded to increasing family’s size ?
Answer:
1) The landed people can feed their children well.
2) They can share the property up to the needs of their children.
So I think landed people responded to increasing family size.

Question 24.
What was the response of small farmers, like Govind, when families expanded? How far was tubewell irrigation useful?
Answer:
Small farmers like Govind should minimize their families. Otherwise, their lands will be divided into small holdings.
The tubewell irrigation is useful up to some extent. The over usage of underground water leads to disaster.

Question 25.
Look at the following map. Find out if there is any relationship between re¬lief features of India and population density. Identify major urban centers across the country. How do you ex¬plain the high population density in the cities?
Answer:
Yes, there is a relationship between the relief features of India and population density. The population density is high in the coastal plains and the Ganga Sutlej plain. And it is also high on the river banks also. It is less in mountain¬ous regions and in desert areas.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 83

Question 26.
Observe the following map.
Here are the data for the population density of Andhra Pradesh – 2011. On the above blank district map of AP plot them in ranges.
Compare a high-density district and a low-density district on the following.

1. Terrain and potential for agriculture development
2. History of agriculture in that region- use of land, water and other natural resources
3. Migration to or from that region and reasons for this

Answer:

1. Highest – Krishna
   Lowest – YSR Kadapa
2. 
3. 1) Migration to YSR Kadapa is almost NIL.
   2) Migration from YSR Kadapa is due to education and employment.
   3) Migration to and from Krishna district is mainly due to education and employment.

Project work

Look at the following two maps of density and the graphs on growth of population. Use various aspects of the population you studied in this chapter and describe them.

Answer:

1. The population density is high in India when compared to Bangladesh.
2. The population distribution is more or less equal in all the regions in India. But in Algeria population is concentrated along the Mediterranean Sea coastline as the country is over 80% desert.
3. As the forests decrease population increases.

 

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• Chapter 1 ఏ దేశమేగినా
• Chapter 2 సాయం
• Chapter 3 కొండవాగు
• Chapter 4 జయగీతం
• Chapter 5 తోలుబొమ్మలాట – ఒక జానపదకళ
• Chapter 6 పెన్నేటి పాట
• Chapter 7 పద్యరత్నాలు
• Chapter 8 ఇటీజ్ పండుగ
• Chapter 9 తరిగొండ వెంగమాంబ
• Chapter 10 మంచి బహుమతి

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• Chapter 1 Tenali Rama and the Thieves
• Chapter 2 The Recipe Book
• Chapter 3 The Loyal Mongoose
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• Chapter 7 The Lazy Grasshopper
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• Chapter 1 Rani’s Happy Family
• Chapter 2 Plants Around Us
• Chapter 3 Animals Around Us
• Chapter 4 Our Body Parts
• Chapter 5 Food Keeps us Fit and Healthy
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• Chapter 7 Shelter for All
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• Chapter 1 ఆనందమైన కుటుంబం
• Chapter 2 మన చుట్టూ ఉన్న మొక్కలు
• Chapter 3 మన చుట్టూ ఉన్న జంతువులు
• Chapter 4 మన శరీరం
• Chapter 5 ఆహారం – ఆరోగ్యం
• Chapter 6 నీరు – ప్రకృతి వరం
• Chapter 7 మన ఇల్లు
• Chapter 8 ఊరికి పోదాం
• Chapter 9 మాట్లాడుకుందాం
• Chapter 10 ఆటలు – వినోదం
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