Category: Class 10

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6B A Plea for India Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 6B A Plea for India

10th Class English Chapter 6B A Plea for India Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do fights put us in?
Answer:
Fights land us in a difficult situation. They fill hatred against one another, poison our minds, and cause the feeling of segregation. Due to fights, we lack peace and happiness. To sum up, fights result in our sorrow.

Question 2.
Why does the poet use the expressions ‘proud to be a strong nation’ and ‘hang heads in shame’ at the same time?
Answer:
India is a united country with its varied castes, religions, creeds, and communities. We follow ‘unity in diversity’ that makes our nation a ‘strong nation.’ In spite of its unity, there are walls of discrimination that lead to disputes and cause violence. The local and internal disputes that shake the walls of unity ‘hang our heads in shame.’ So the two expressions are used at the same time.

Question 3.
Who are cheats? Who are being cheated?
Answer:
The people who speak/act violently to disturb the foundations of the country’s unity are cheats. The innocent people who strive for the country’s integrity are cheated.

Question 4.
What are the tasks to be finished according to the poet?
Answer:
According to the poet, there are many tasks to be finished. India has to develop eco-nomically to adjoin the developed countries. For this it has to grow technologically, industrially, and socially. We have plenty of resources but lacking self-confidence. The team work and unity will fill this gap and lead towards a successful path.

Question 5.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is to build a strong united nation with dedication, love, piety, and will power.

A Plea for India Summary

It is a request for Indians to keep their nation strong and not to disturb the nation with internal disputes. In order to symbolise the charm of the nation, we should maintain unity irrespective of caste, region or religion. Instead of creating problems, we should solve the incomplete tasks. Violence leads to sorrow, so let us not lose our lives in hatred. Instead, love one another to make our country sacred. There are still many aspects to be concentrated upon. So let us give a serious, humble thought for the development of the nation. There are people who cheat one another, perform rot and make their life hopeless. The communal riots lead us to shame and disgrace which can be controlled with the wilful nature towards triumphant India. Let us make the saying Unity is Strength’ a truthful proverb and build up a strong nation. This is possible only through commitment, determination, and courage to face challenges.

A Plea for India Glossary

roots (n) : basic source or origin of something

declare (v) : announce

plight (n) : trouble / a difficult or sad situation

irrespective of (prep) : regardless of / without taking account of

charm (n) : the power of quality of attracting others

ignore (v) : neglect / pay no attention to

bickering (v) : backbiting / arguing about things that are not important

task (n) : a work to be completed

indulge (v) : take pleasure in / make a fuss of

anew (adv) : additionally / one more

violence (n) : fighting / cruelty

return (v) : give back

she loves a ton : The mother lover her son a lot.

gather (v) : collect

resided (v) : belonged to a person or a body

miserably (adv) : sadly / in a mean way

on high cloud (idiom) : having strong feelings of happiness or satisfaction

end up (phr.v) : finish / come to an end

rot (n) : bad things

pious (adj) : virtuous / moral

riots (n) : violent disturbance

incite (v) : encourage somebody to be violent by making angry

din (n) : disturbance

dedication (n) : commitment /perseverance

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6C Unity in Diversity in India Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 6C Unity in Diversity in India

10th Class English Chapter 6C Unity in Diversity in India Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you understand by the expression ‘Unity in Diversity’?
ANswer:
India is a country of various cultures, traditions and languages. Still it has one heart. Our cultural heritage serves as a bond of unity between the people of different faiths and creeds. People have sought to develop to achieve a desirable goal of unity amidst diversity.

Question 2.
Which aspect is Smith commenting on?
Answer:
Smith is commenting on the distinguished features of India that makes it significant and extraordinary. But the feeling of unity is quite common for every Indian in terms of human, social and intellectual development.

Question 3.
Pick out the factors that contribute to Unity in Diversity.
Answer:
India’s rich heritage, culture, traditions, conventions, civilization, customs, ethnicity, art and literature contribute to the unity of the nation.

Question 4.
Why did the writer use the statement ‘It is not a mere collection of separate people’. Give reasons.
Answer:
The writer means to say that people of different cultures, traditions, languages, sects, races are synthesized into one unit and absorbed as a whole in this world’s big stage.

Question 5.
“Hindi is now understood and recognised as the national language of India.” Do you agree or disagree with the author? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, Hindi is considered as the lingua franca of India. From north to south of India, from east to west, Hindi is understood and recognised as the national language of India. Hindi, like English, is understood in almost every part of the country and stands as a symbol of unity and brotherhood in the present civilization.

Vocabulary

I. Read the following words/phrases and find the words/phrases from the text which convey the same meaning.

1. myriad : many, veritable, numerous, several, manifold, composite
2. synthesis : combine, common, unique bonds, composite, aggregate, whole, uniformity, assimilate
3. diversity : difference, disunity, differential, different, varied, separate, contrast
4. dialects : local languages, lingua franca
5. saints : seers , sages, yogis, maharshis, spiritual leaders

II. Read the phrases and find the suitable words equivalent to them from the text.
Answer:
a) a part of country : land
b) try to do : desire
c) develop quickly : flourish
d) behave in a particular way : emulate
e) a very sad event : tragedy

Writing

I. Fill in the table with the most appropriate dance form related to each state and the occasion on which it is performed
Answer:

II. Develop a write up on any one of the dance forms of India.

Remember to focus on the following points.
1. The area it belongs to
2. Its importance
3. Description of the dance
Answer:
Kuchipudi:
Kuchipudi is one such unique form of Art which is the tasteful blend of grace and vigour, elevation and sensuality, of control and abandonment. With its roots buried in the soil of Andhra Pradesh in India, Kuchipudi was born in a remote village from which it derived its name. In the early days, the Kuchipudi style of dance was in the form of dance dramas, the main purpose being to inculcate divine ecstasy which invokes immortal bliss and brings one closer to the path of salvation. It is strictly classical in nature incorporating Lasya, Thandava and Abinaya in the interpretation of Slokas. It incorporates Samyutha and Asamyutha Hasthas, Karana, Chari, Angahara, Mandala, Nrutha Hasthas etc. all men-tioned in the Natya Sasthra. Kuchipudi dance is the only dance form where all the four Abhinayas (Angika, Vachika, Aaharya and Satvica) are given equal importance. The use of Vachikabhinayam is a special feature in the Kuchipudi dance style. The Dancer not only merely dances but also acts with gestures as well as words. It takes at least ten years for an ordinary dancer to master this art and be able to express Bhava through eyes and Rhythm through foot work.

There were two parallel schools of dance, Nattuva Mela and Natya Mela. Nattuva Mela developed into Bharathanatyam (performing solo items) and Natya Mela into the Kuchipudi dance in dance drama style. Nattuva mela is basically solo dance performed by women and the nattuvangam is generally done by men. The repertoire of this style of dance consists of both erotic and devotional items, Sringara and Bhakti. This is the form of dance that both the temple dancers and the court dancers used to perform, with God or king as the hero, as the case may be. The second style of dance is Natya mela which is generally performed by both men and women. Their repertoire consists of dance dramas with themes, not necessarily religious, to entertain the audience. This later form of dance is believed to be the forerunner of the present day Kuchipudi dance.

Sidhendra Yogi, an exceptionally gifted scholar and artiste, who lived in the 16th century gave a definite format and purified this ancient art. Sidhendra abstained from training women fearing that they might exaggerate the sentiments expressed and dispel it of its spiritual tone. Kuchipudi became an all male domain. The female roles were also impersonated by men.

All the families residing in Kuchipudi were devoted to either in teaching or performing this austere dance style. Dance was their one and only source of living. Kuchipudi remained confined to the narrow limits of an obscure village with little exposure.

Late Guru Sri Vedantam Lakshmi Narayana Sastry, an unparalleled maestro in the field created a flutter by introducing women to Kuchipudi. He has taken Keertanas, Astapadis, Padams, Sabdams, Tarangams for solo performance.

The major attraction in Kuchipudi dance style is performing ‘Tarangam.’ The source literature is Narayana Teertha’s Srikrishna Leela Tarangini. Dancing with the feet settled on the rims of a brass plate was introduced to make the style more attractive and outshine when in comparison with its kindred styles. This is not a gimmick, nor is it an effort to bring in irrelevant acrobatics. Such sequences reveal the artiste’s mastery over rhythmic complexities. Solo items were choreographed; compositions of eminent poets were taken and set to choreography. These changes lent a glimmer to the art and Kuchipudi. Bhama Kalapam and Golla Kalapam are the two major Kalapams that are practised by the Kuchipudi dancers.

Kuchipudi acquired a wholly new dimension. Padmabhushan Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam refined Kuchipudi, bringing it completely within the boundaries of Natya Sastra and gave it wholly new perspective. He enlarged and enriched the repertoire both in solo items and dance dramas.Compositions of eminent poets in all regional languages were set to the dance.

Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam has become a legend to look upon with reverence for all times to come in the annals of Kuchipudi. With his arduous efforts to plant Kuchipudi firmly on the cultural map of India, Kuchipudi has spread its wings all over the globe erasing the boundaries of one country and one continent.

Project Work

I. Collect the data from different families in your area about the festivals they celebrate. You may use the following table to collect the information.

II. Discuss in groups how the data in the Table given above supports the concept of unity in diversity. You may also discuss if there are some other ways that too may help strengthen this unity. Write a report.
Answer:
People of different religions and cultures that live together in the same neighbourhood will have an opportunity to know and understand each others’ customs, traditions and ritual heritage. There will be a development of respecting each others’ religion, caste or creed and mingle with each other. A sense of universal brotherhood prevails in the neighbourhood which is the first step to progress of the country. The policy of ’Unity in Diversity’ is justified. The elders can sow the seeds of friendship, brotherhood and communal tolerance in the minds of children and enrich their minds with secular feelings.

Internal disputes, communal riots and religious differences which are the pests in the fields of unity, fraternity and solidarity can be removed when we celebrate and participate in each others’ festivals, rituals and customary conventions. The national festivals which we celebrate despite the religious discriminations will help strengthen the feelings of nationality and patriotism which is far above all the differences.

Ours is a country of many ethnic groups, over 1,650 spoken languages, dialects, regional variations—a land of myriad tongues—numerous modes of apparel and countless mannerisms. For the most part, the continental size of the country accounts for the variations and diversities.

It is the dynamism and the flexibility that have enabled Indian culture to survive despite its many diversities and heavy odds. Through these diversities runs a common stream, as it were, and the similarity and unity of outlook can be noticed from North to South and East to West. Indian culture is actually a continuous synthesis, and has absorbed many external influences in the course of history.

The real strength of Indian culture lies in basic unity, vigour and the ability to contain an amazing diversity within itself. In this country there are people who belong to different/varied schools of thought and who never seem to agree on anything. And yet, the concepts of one basic culture and one nation have continued.

Another notable characteristic of Indian culture is that it has always been based on moral and religious values; on these values the outlook shows an amazing similarity, almost throughout the country. Of course, there are groups which seem to be always on the war-path, and there are dissidents who question the basic framework on which the Indian polity is based, but they constitute a very small fraction of the total population.

India is a secular State, and the people, with a few exceptions, have reverence for every faith; there is no effort to impose one religion on other. The Constitution itself, framed with the full consent of the people, guarantees the freedom of thought and expression. The Constitution does not recognise distinctions based on religion, sex or caste, or any other factor.

Modernism coexists with orthodoxy, as does progressive thought with conservatism, and even reactionary trends. The broad features of the Hindu culture, (which is not linked to the Hindu religion but is broadly Indian culture). It is not fixed or static but is constantly adapting itself to changed conditions, thus responding favourably to new challenges; tolerance of conflicting beliefs, liberalism and broadmindedness; emphasis on ethical conduct and spiritualism; control of passions and temper; justice and truth, and disdain of wealth and the pleasures of the senses.

Indian culture, in fact, represents a synthesis on many strains. It contains the best features of many traditions of other lands. Undoubtedly, certain corrupt influences and distortions have crept in, but these aberrations have not affected the basis, which is solid, not shaky in any sense. Absorption and assimilation have been responsible for the lasting qualities of Indian culture; the diversities seem to disappear in course of time, leaving behind the basic beliefs very much intact.

Mahatma Gandhi’s view that veneration for other faiths is a part of our own system holds well because of the recognition that each religion has truth and honesty as its basis. Most people have a wide, universal outlook. All these factors account for the unity in diversity that is an outstanding feature of this country.

Unity in Diversity in India Summary in English

India is a country with many races, cultures, languages and modes of apparel. The religions, sects and beliefs are not the obstacles to perturb its unity.

The traditions, conventions, way of living are in no way barriers of its development. The rich culture and heritage justifies the unity in social, intellectual and human development. The Indian civilization is a mixture of Dravidian, Aryan and Hindu cultures bringing North and South to a common stage.

People may speak different languages, may follow different regional habits but they have one common language to bring into one stream and that is Hindi recognised as the national language of India.

India is a land of rich music, fine arts, sculpture, spiritual impact and passionate heritage. The West gets attracted towards India for the way of life we had. The festivals of India depict the unity, love and feeling of universal brotherhood.

The ancestral heritage of sages, maharishis, spiritual leaders stand as a symbol of piety, peace and non-violence. The temples, monuments and caves represent the rich sculpture and architecture of Indian intellectual minds. The music and dance are considered to be the passion from ancient era to the present. The dance and art forms highlight the aesthetic outlook and spirituality. The themes like power, shakti, tragedy and love are performed to show varied aspects in the united India.

The individual in the whole, the simple in composite and one in many can be the divergence in convergence and unity in diversity – a special feature of only our nation.

Unity in Diversity in India Glossary

ethnic (adj) : connected with/belonging to a nation, race or people that shares a cultural tradition

myriad (adj) : an extremely large number of

veritable (adj) : truthful

babel (n) : the sound of many voices talking at a time

apparel (n) : mode of dress

diversities (n) : differences

eminent (adj) : important

superficial (adj) : not deep/apparent

bewildered (v) : confused

astonishing (adj) : surprising

aggregate (n) : sum/whole

interpretation (n) : individual imagination

synthesis (n) : combination

penetrate (v) : go intoAhrough

discern (v) : to know/understand or recognize; judge

civilisation (n) : an advanced stage of social development

assimilated (v) : absorbed into a larger group

convention (n) : the way in which most people do

heir (n) : person entitled to inherit a property

flourished (v) : existed in abundance

creed (n) : a system of religious belief

blend (v) : to mix two or more substances together

dialects (n) : the forms of a language that are spoken in one area

sages (n) : wise people

seers (n) : people who claim that they can see what is going to happen in the future

piety (n) : showing a deep respect for ( esp: for god/religion)

penance (n) : voluntary self-punishment for wrong doing

contemplation (n) : the act of thinking deeply

proficiency (n) : competency

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2C The Brave Potter Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 2C The Brave Potter

10th Class English Chapter 2C The Brave Potter Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did the tiger think the mysterious creature was? Why did he allow himself bound around the neck with a thick rope?
Answer:
The tiger thought that the ‘leak’ was a mysterious creature. He also thought that it was terrible, dangerous and strong. While the tiger was sleeping, he was suddenly awakened by an angry voice shouting in his ear and felt heavy blows fall upon his head and shoulders. The voice warned him that he would kill him as he had run away. The tiger shivered with fright and thought that it must be the leak’ who had come out of the hut. So the tiger allowed himself found around the neck with a thick rope.

Question 2.
What made the potter angry? What made him angrier?
Answer:
When the storm began, the drunken potter suddenly remembered that he had left his donkey tied under a tree. He rushed out of his hut to take the animal into the stable but the donkey was not there. This made the potter angry. The potter walked through the wet forest searching for the animal. It became dark and he often stumbled over roots and fallen branches. Each step of the potter made him angrier.

Question 3.
Why did the king make the potter the General of the army?
Answer:
The king of the potter’s country gathered a large army when the war broke out between their country and a much stronger neighbour. But the king realized that it was not strong enough to save his country from defeat. So, he searched for a hero to lead his army. When he asked his ministers’ advice, one of them told him about the brave potter who had captured a tiger with his bare hands. The king sent for him and the potter went with his wife to the capital. The king was pleased to see him and ordered him to lead the army into battle the next day.

Question 4.
Why do you think the sentry feels that the potter is a giant?
Answer:
The sentry saw the potter galloping towards the camp with a tree in one hand and his reins in the other. The sentry thought that he must be the General who had captured a tiger with his bare hands. Hence the sentry felt that the potter was a giant.

Question 5.
Do you think that the potter is really brave or lucky? Give your reasons.
Answer:
I think that the potter is really lucky. The incidents of his catching the tiger and the enemy’s fleeing proved this.

Question 6.
What is the most humorous and thrilling incident in the story? Write the incident and say why it is humorous and thrilling.
Answer:
The most humorous and thrilling incident in the story is the potter’s catching the tiger. One day he drank more wine after a hard day’s work. Then the storm began and he remembered that he had left his donkey tied under a tree. He searched for it and finally found a sleeping tiger under thatched roof of a hut and thought that it was his donkey. As he was drunk, he couldn’t find the difference between a tiger and a donkey. The incident of his riding the tiger is the most humorous and thrilling incident. The writer created humour by creating situations where the tiger took the word ‘leak’ to be ‘a more powerful and dangerous thing’, the potter didn’t notice the difference between his donkey and the tiger, the potter’s riding the tiger and people mistook the potter to be a brave man. All these things made the incident humorous and thrilling.

Project work

I. You have read the story ‘The Brave Potter’. It is a humorous story. The writer of the story created humour by creating situations where the tiger took the word ‘leak’ to be ‘a more powerful thing’ than him and people mistook the potter to be a brave man.
Work in groups and collect a humorous story. Analyse how the writer created humour in it.
Answer:
Guru Govind had four disciples. One day he told them not to do anything without his permission. One day while they were on their way to a distant city Guru Govind fell asleep in the bullock cart they were travelling in. The Guru’s head rolled from side to side and suddenly his turban slipped from his head and fell onto the road. But the disciples did not make a move to get down and pick it up as their Guru had instructed them not to do anything on their own. After some time, the Guru woke up and his disciples told him about the loss of his turban. He was angry with them. He roared, “If anything falls of next time, pick it up at once !” After some time, the bullock dropped its dung and the four foolish disciples leaped down and picked the dung up. Guru was annoyed with them. Then he made a list of things that could fall off from a moving cart and said to them, “Pick up any of these things if they fall”. He also said, “Don’t pick up anything that is not in the list.” Just then the cart lurched violently and Guru Govind was thrown into a ditch. He yelled, “Pull me out; pull me out”. “We can’t, guruji,” said his disciples, “Your name is not in the list you have given to us.” Guru Govind pleaded with them to pull him but in vain. “We know you are testing us, guruji,” they said to him, “but we are not going to disobey your words. You have told us not to pick up anything that is not mentioned in the list and so we won’t do it.” “Give me the list!” yelled Guru. When they threw the Isit, he included his name among the other things. Then only the obedient disciples pulled out their beloved Guru out of the ditch. Here, the writer creates humour through the innocence and foolishness of the obedient disciples. He tries to produce humour by creating the situations where the obedient disciples misunderstood their guru’s words.

II. Writing anything funny or humorous is one of the hardest forms of the craft. You may have a great sense of humour, but capturing that in your writing takes skill and practice. Work in groups and recall incidents that made you laugh. Analyse the incidents to find out what made you laugh. It could be the use of some inappropriate word, the way a person is dressed up, an inappropriate timing of an action, etc. Also look at some cartoons and analyse what makes you laugh.
Answer:
There are a lot of humorous incidents we may come across in the stories we read, the movies and cartoons we watch and in our day-to-day lives. If we observe the movements of the famous comedian Charlie Chaplin, we can understand how he created such a humour. His style of walking, using the slapstick, his dress, his hat, his moustache, his face all produce the humour. He is a gifted artiste.

‘Tom and Jerry’ is a series of animated cartoon films. We find humour with the rivalry between a cat (Tom) and a mouse (Jerry), Tom’s chasing Jerry and slapstick scenes. “Tom’s making numerous attempts to capture Jerry which leads to destruction” – it creates fun. The scenes such as slicing Tom in half, shutting his head in a window or a door, stuffing Tom’s tail in a mangle, kicking him into a refrigerator, plugging his tail into an electric socket, sticking matches into his feet and lighting them, etc. amuse all the viewers.

The Brave Potter Summary in English

‘The Brave Potter’ is a very popular Telugu folktale collected by Marguerite Siek. It is a humorous story. A potter is the hero of this story.
It was a dark evening and the sky was full of clouds. The rain was about to start. It was starting to rain and an old tiger ran through the rain for shelter. The tiger crawled under the thatched roof of an old hut and lay down by the door. It was an old woman’s hut which had a leak. When the tiger began to fall asleep, he heard a woman’s voice complaining the leak in her hut was very terrible. She also complained aloud that she would rather meet a tiger than have the leak in her house. When the tiger heard her words, he thought that the ‘leak’ was a very dangerous and strong animal. He was doubtful whether they were all not afraid of him. While these thoughts were lingering in his mind, he fell asleep.

On the afternoon of that day, a potter had drunk more wine and no longer felt tired. When the rain began, he suddenly remembered that he had left his donkey tied under a tree. He rushed to the spot but couldn’t find it. He started searching for it. While he was searching, he often stumbled over roots and fallen branches. He felt angrier and wanted to give the donkey a good beating when he caught it. He reached the old woman’s hut and mistook the tiger for his donkey. He couldn’t notice the difference between a donkey and a tiger as he had drunk. He kicked and beat the sleeping tiger. The tiger thought that it must be the ‘leak’ who came out of the hut. The tiger shivered with fright and wanted to do as the ‘leak’ said. The potter jumped onto the frightened tiger’s back, rode it home and tied it up with the iron chain.

The next morning, the news spread throughout the village that the potter had caught a tiger and tied it to a tree in his yard. All of them praised his courage. But the potter couldn’t understand how it all had happened! They didn’t believe him saying that he had only brought his donkey home. The villagers even praised him for his modesty. A few years later a war broke out. The enemy army was much stronger. The king was worrying how he could save the country. He wanted a brave man to lead the army. One of his ministers told the king about the brave potter. He called for the potter, made him the General of the army and ordered him to lead the army into battle the next day. But the potter was worrying very much as he never carried a sword, nor had he ever ridden a horse. Hence, he wanted to practise riding the horse. He woke up early the next morning and climbed onto the horse’s back with great difficulty. Then he asked his wife to tie his feet to the stirrups. His wife bound his feet tightly to the stirrups and tied the two stirrups together. She also tied him to the saddle. Suddenly, the horse jumped free and galloped out of the stable. The potter held to the horse’s neck tightly and prayed to all the gods to save his life.

The horse galloped through the streets, the city gates and began to head for the enemy’s camp. Though he tried to pull on the reins and control the horse, the horse didn’t stop. The potter grabbed a branch when they passed a young tree. When a sentry from the enemy camp saw him with a tree in one hand and the reins in the other, he thought that the horse-rider must be the General who captured a tiger with his bare hands. Immediately he made loud shouts warning his men about the famous Tiger-General who was rushing towards them to attack. The frightened soldiers fled. Even their king followed his soldiers leaving a letter in the tent. The potter was surprised to find the camp empty. He brought the letter and gave it to his wife. He requested her to take the letter to their king and tell him the enemy had run away. His wife gave the letter to the king and he read it. He praised the potter and rewarded the potter so well that he didn’t need to work again.

The Brave Potter About the Author

Marguerite Siek was a great story teller. He was very much interested in telling folk and mythological stories of Asia. He travelled across many Asian countries and collected interesting short stories from various countries and published them in English. He translated many famous Indian folk stories into English. The present short story The Brave Potter’ is a very popular Telugu one collected by him from India.

The Brave Potter Glossary

blinding (adj): very bright

thatched (adj): covered with dried straw

nod off (phr.v): fall asleep

leak (n): a small hole that lets liquid or gas flow into or out of something

bound (v): tied someone so that they couldn’t move or escape

scream (v): to make a high loud noise with one’s voice because one is hurt, frightened, excited etc.

head (v): go to or travel towards a particular place

palm-wine (n): toddy/fermented palm juice drunk by village folk (kallu In Telugu)

stable (n): a building where horses are kept

grumble: to keep complaining in an unhappy way

stumbled: walked In an unsteady way and often almost Fell

muttered (v): spoke something that cannot be heard

groaned (v): made a long deep sound because one is in pain. upset or disappointed

Your Majesty (phr): way of addressing a king or a queen

saddle (n): a leather seat for a rider on a horse

stirrups (n): metal rings that hang down on each side of a horse’s saddle, used to support the riders foot

pawing (v): touching something repeatedly with a paw

hooves (n): the hard parts of the feet of some animals like horses (‘Hooves’ is the plural form of ‘hool.)

crashing: falling

reins (n): long leather bands held by a horse rider to control it

sentry (n): guard/a soldier whose job is to guard something

uprooted (v): pulled a tree or a plant out of the ground

deserted (adj): empty and quiet because flO people are there

cheering crowds (phr): a large gathering of people shouting in joy

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2B The Dear Departed Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 2B The Dear Departed Part 2

10th Class English Chapter 2B The Dear Departed Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Justify the view that the husbands of Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan are men with no individuality.
Answer:
Henry and Ben are men with no individuality. They simply follow their wives’ instructions. When Mrs. Slater asks Henry to wear the old man’s slippers, he wears them even they are smaller in size. When she asks him to shift the bureau from her father’s room, he obeys her and does as she likes. He doesn’t say even a word against her will. In the same way, Ben too is a man with no individuality. Both Henry and Ben try to stop the quarrel between their wives but fail. Though they have concern for their father-in-law, they can’t express it.

Question 2.
Discuss the irony in the title ‘The Dear Departed’.
Answer:
Irony is the use of words to express something other than what is said or meant and especially the opposite of the literal meaning. The title “The Dear Departed” conveys just the opposite as the main character of the play (Abel Merry weather) does not seem to be “dear” to his own daughters. The old man is not dear to anyone. They only want his property.

Question 3.
List the arguments the two sisters gave to keep their father in their care.
Answer:
Mrs. Slater tells her father that it is quite time he comes to live with them again and they will make him very comfortable if he comes. But Mrs. Slater argues that he has not been with them as long as he was with the Jordans. Mrs. Jordan replies that she does not think their father will fancy living on with the Slaters after their stealing his things. They even say sorry for what they have done. Thus, both the sisters argue to keep their father in their care.

Question 4.
How does the spat between the old man’s daughters lead to father discovering the truth?
Answer:
The spat happens between the two sisters when their father Abel asks Mrs. Slater why his bureau and clock are brought downstairs. Mrs. Jordan understands that her sister tries to steal those things before their arrival. This leads to a quarrel between the two sisters. Mrs. Jordan tells her father that Mr. and Mrs. Slater have shifted the bureau and the clock from his room to the sitting room because they think he is dead. They have shifted the things so as Mrs. Jordan can’t lay a claim on them. After discovering the truth, Abel becomes angry because he feels that his daughters don’t even wait till his funeral and have tried to divide things between them.

Question 5.
List the comic elements in the play ‘The Dear Departed’.
Answer:
There are certain elements that make the play a comedy. The title itself is a comic one. A single person doesn’t make a comedy. It requires several who are in action and counter action. The main characters of the play, Abel Merry weather, Mrs. Slater, Mrs. Jordan, Henry and Ben all cause the comedy. The main comic thing is that both the sisters think that their father is dead. The other comic scenes in the play are :

1. Following his wife’s instructions, Henry wears the old man’s new slippers.
2. The Slaters hurry to steal the old man’s bureau and clock, thinking that the Jordans will arrive.
3. The Slaters and the Jordans are shocked to see Abel coming into the room.
4. Ben skips back and retreats with Mrs. Jordan to a safe distance when Abel thrusts his hand at Ben.
5. Abel announces that he will change his will and marry John Shorrocks.
6. Both the sisters argue that Abel should stay with them. (They want to own his property).

A termination must be made which springs necessarily from the preceding elements and this gives the comic solution. The arrival of Abel into the sitting room and his announcement of changing his will and marrying^ woman etc. produce such a comedy.

Question 6.
In what way is the play ‘The Dear Departed’ a commentary on the hollowness of human relationships?
Answer:
Stanley Houghton, in his one act play, tries to bring out the qualities of the two daughters, Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan towards their father. The author tries to show how the sisters are interested in the property of their father rather than their care and affection towards him. When the two sisters think that their father is dead they are complaining of what a burden he is to them. The moment Abel announces about his new will in which he will leave everything to the person he is living with when he dies, they both fight for him to live with them. Thus, this play shows us the hollowness of human relationships. This is a social play on the condition of the old people who are being neglected and abandoned by their own children. Here we see the degradation of moral values in respect and care within the members of the family itself.

Question 7.
What are the three things that the father plans to do on Monday next? What effect does it have on his daughters?
Answer:
The three things that the father plans to do on Monday next are:

1. At first, he wants to go to the lawyer and alter his will.
2. Then he wants to go to the insurance office and pay his premium.
3. Finally he wants to go to St. Philip’s Church and get married.

If Mr. Abel does all these three things, the daughters will lose the chance of getting their share in their father’s assets.

II. Arrange the following sentences in sequence so that a continuous narrative of the story of ‘The Dear Departed’ could be made.
1. One day Mrs. Slater felt that Abel Merryweather had died.
2. Suddenly Victoria came into the room telling that grandfather was moving.
3. The Slaters and the Jordans wanted to ascertain if Abel Merryweather had paid his insurance premium.
4. Abel Merryweather found fault with the two daughters and wanted to change his will.
5. Before the arrival of the Jordans, the Slaters had pinched Abel’s bureau and clock.
6. Victoria was sent to Abel Merryweather’s room to bring the key bunch of the bureau.
7. Abel Merryweather informed that he was going to marry Mrs. John Shorrocks.
8. The Slaters sent a telegram to the Jordans about the death of Abel Merryweather.
Answer:
The sequential order is:
1. One day Mrs. Slater felt that Abel Merry weather had died.
8. The Slaters sent a telegram to the Jordans about the death of Abel Merry weather.
5. Before the arrival of the Jordans, the Slaters had pinched Abel’s bureau and clock.
3. The Slaters and the Jordans wanted to ascertain if Abel Merry weather had paid his insurance premium.
6. Victoria was sent to Abel Merry weather’s room to bring the key bunch of the bureau.
2. Suddenly Victoria came into the room telling that grandfather was moving.
4. Abel Merry weather found fault with the two daughters and wanted to change his will.
7. Abel Merry weather informed that he was going to marry Mrs. John Shorrocks.

The narrative: One day Mrs. Slater felt that Abel Merry weather had died. The Slaters sent a telegram to the Jordans about the death of Abel Merry weather. The Slaters wanted to steal the old man’s things before the arrival of the Jordans. So, they had pinched Abel’s bureau and wall clock before their arrival. The Jordans arrived soon and they all thought about the announcement of the old man’s death in the papers. Then the Slaters and the Jordans wanted to ascertain if Abel Merry weather had paid his insurance premium. Victoria was sent to Abel Merry weathers room to bring the key bunch of the bureau. Victoria went into’the old man’s room and saw him moving and getting up. Being frightened, Victoria came into the room telling that grandfather was moving. Abel Merry weather came into the sitting room and both the sisters and their husbands were shocked. He found fault with the two daughters and wanted to change his will. He informed them that he was going to change his will leaving all bits of his things to whoever he was living with when he would die. He also declared that he was going to marry Mrs. John Shorrocks.

III. Here is a list of traits of a personality. Tick (✓) the traits that describe Mrs. Slater’s character.
a) Greedy
b) Overpowering
c) Honest
d) Sensitive
e) Dominating
f) Blunt
g) Straight talking
h) Humble
i) Impolite
j) Insensitive

Answer:

a) Greedy (✓)
b) Overpowering (✓)
c) Honest
d) Sensitive
e) Dominating (✓)
f) Blunt (✓)
g) Straight talking (✓)
h) Humble
i) Impolite (✓)
j) Insensitive (✓)

The traits that describe Mrs. Slater’s character are:
Greedy: Mrs. Slater’s pinching her father’s bureau and clock before the arrival of her sister Elizabeth Jordan and her husband; her asking Henry to wear her father’s slippers.
Overpowering: Mrs. Slater’s asking Victoria to close the door if her aunt Elizabeth and uncle Ben come.
Dominating: Her dominating attitude towards her husband Henry.
Blunt: Her saying to her sister, “Be quiet, Elizabeth”; her asking Victoria to change her dress.
Straight talking: When Victoria says that perhaps grandpa didn’t go to pay his insurance premium, Mrs. Slater snubs her saying “He went out”.
Impolite:
i) Mrs. Slater’s talking to Henry, “Henry, why shouldn’t we bring that bureau down here now ? We can do it before they come,
ii) When Henry says to her, “I wouldn’t care to,” she says to him, “Don’t look so daft. Why not ?”
Insensitive:
i) When Victoria says to her, “That’s grandpa’s clock,” she replies, “Be quiet! It’s ours now.”
ii) When Mrs. Jordan says to her, “I’ll tell you what’s been going on in this house, father. Nothing short of robbery,” she says, “Be quiet, Elizabeth”.

IV. The following are the features of a one act play. Which of the following characteristics does the play ‘The Dear Departed’ have? Justify.
a) Minimal characters
b) Single setting or unity of place
c) One act with one or more scenes
d) Focus on one incident
e) Limited time
f) Twist ending
Answer:
“The Dear Departed” is a one act play; so it naturally has all the above mentioned characteristics.

a) Minimal characters: The total number of characters we see in this play is only six. They are Mrs. Amelia Slater, Mrs. Elizabeth Jordan, Henry Slater, Ben Jordan, Victoria Slater and Abel Merry weather. Hence, the play has the feature of “Minimal characters.”

b) Single setting or unity of place: All the story takes place in the house of Mrs. Slater particularly in the sitting room and Abel’s bedroom. Hence, the play has the characteristic of “Single setting.”

c) One act with one or more scenes: All the story happens in one act and only one scene. Hence, it has this feature.

d) Focus on one incident: All the story moves around the death of Abel Merry weather. Hence, the play’s focus is on one incident only.

e) Limited time: The story lasts for only one or two hours. Hence, it has the feature of “limited time.”

f) Twist ending: In the end of the play, Abel announces that he will change his will and marry Mrs. John Shorrocks. This announcement was a real shock for the two sisters and their husbands. It is really an unexpected thing for them. Hence, it has the feature of “Twist ending”. Audience too can t guess this twist.

Vocabulary

I. Irregular Plurals

Now write the plural forms of the following nouns given in the table and say whether each of them is ‘Latin’ or ‘Greek’ word.

Answer:

* Phenomenon – It is borrowed from Greek and ended in a’ in the plural in Latin.

II. Exclamations/Interjections

Now observe the sentences and decide which emotion is ex¬pressed in each context. Put a tick (✓) in the appropriate box. The first one has been done for you.

Answer:

III. Compound Adjectives

Make compound adjectives choosing one word from list ‘A’ and another word from list ‘B’ and fill in the blanks with them.

Answer:

1. Sindhu is very clear-sighted about her choice.
2. The headmaster suggested a ______________________ trip to Hyderabad.
3. The _______________________________ girl who is under the tree is my sister.
4. All the people were shocked at the sight of this _______________ murder.
5. After the terrible tempest, the _____________________ sailing boat was unusable.
6. Prasad booked a room in a ____________________ hotel for Srikanth.
7. Every week, ____________________ eggs are used by my mother to make some wonderful cakes.
8. This ______________________ coat is too large for me.
9. It was a _______________________ war between the English and the French.
10. I like to correspond with this ____________________ teacher. She speaks about interesting topics.
Answer:
2. four-day
3. curly-headed
4. cold-blooded
5. half-sunk
6. five-star
7. new-laid
8. peacock-blue
9. long-lasting
10. well-read

IV. Words Often Confused

A. Write words that are likely to be confused with the words given. Find their mean¬ings and use them in sentences of your own to show the difference in meaning.

1. alter-
2. principal-
3. gait –
4. canvas –
5. check –
6. ceiling –
7. complement –
8. stationary –
9. all read –
10. advice –

Answer:

1. alter (v) – altar (n)
alter (v) : to change, or to make someone or something change e.g.: No one can alter the rules and regulations of this society, altar (n) : a holy table or surface used in religious ceremonies e.g.: The priest reached the altar to perform a religious ceremony.

2. principal (n) – principle (n)
principal (n) : someone who is incharge of a university/college e.g.: Mr. Chaitanya is the principal of St. John’s College, principle (n) : a moral rule or belief e.g.: Vinoba is a man of high principles.

3. gait (n) – gate (n)
gait (n) : the way someone walks e.g.: She has an awkward gait.
gate (n) : the part of a fence or outside wall that you can open and close so that you can enter or leave a place
e.g.: They locked the front gate and went out.

4. canvas (n) – canvass (v)
canvas (n) : strong cloth used to make bags, tents, shoes etc. e.g.: I bought a bag made of canvas.
canvass (v) : to try to persuade people to support a political party, politician etc. e.g.: Mr. Varun is very busy canvassing for votes.

5. check (v) – cheque (n)
check (v) : to do something in order to find out whether something really is correct, true or in good condition
e.g.: The guards had checked him thoroughly before he came out.
cheque (n) : a printed piece of paper that you write an amount of money on, sign and
use instead of money to pay for things
e.g.: He issued me a cheque for Rs. 25,000.

6. ceiling (n) – sealing (n)
ceiling (n) : the inner surface of the top part of a room e.g.: All the rooms in our house are built with high ceilings, sealing (n) : the activity of hunting or catching seals e.g.: Sealing is his hobby.

7. complement (n) – compliment (v)
complement (n) : someone or something that emphasizes the good qualities of an¬other person or thing
e.g.: The cashew nuts were an excellent complement for the sweets, compliment (v) : to say something nice to someone in order to praise them e.g.: Our headmaster complimented me when I saved the little girl.

8. stationary (adj) – stationery (n)
stationary (adj) : standing still instead of moving
e.g.: The teacher ordered his students to remain stationary.
stationery (n) : materials that we use for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils etc.
e.g.: I went into the shop to buy stationery.

9. all ready (phrase) – already (adv)
all ready (phrase) : completely ready e.g.: We are all ready for the test.
already (adv) : used to say something has happened before the expected time e.g.: Is it 6 o’ clock already?

10. advice (n) – advise (v)
advice (n) : an opinion about what could or should be done about a situation or problem
e.g.: He gave me a good piece of advice.
advise (v) : to give advice
e.g.: My aunt advised me to join navy.

B. Read the following paragraph. It contains errors in words often confused. Correct them and rewrite the paragraph replacing them with the right words.

It was one of those October daze when it was a pleasure to be alive. The sky was blew and the heir was cold and sharp with a cent of wet earth as the mourning sun warmed the chilled countryside. And then I caught site of a lonely be struggling to find the pollen of a final flour. Wear had he bean, this sad worker , doomed so soon to dye? I marvelled at his energy as he climbed along so many bear stalks. Finding nothing, he flue on and disappeared from cite. I continued my walk to a country in where, sitting outside, I contentedly sipped my beer, musing all the wile on the mixed fortunes of life.
Answer:
It was one of those October days when it was a pleasure to be alive. The sky was blue and the air was cold and sharp with a scent of wet earth as the morning sun warmed the chilled countryside. And then I caught the sight of a lonely bee struggling to find the pollen of a final flower. Where had he been, this sad worker, doomed so soon to die? I marvelled at his energy as he climbed along so many bare stalks. Finding nothing, he flew on and disappeared from sight. I continued my walk to a country inn where, sitting outside, I contentedly sipped my beer, musing all the while on the mixed fortunes of life.

V. Idiomatic Expressions

Here is a list of idioms and idiomatic expressions used in the play, ‘The Dear Departed’. Guess their meanings. Then look them up in a dictionary, note down their meanings and use them in your sentences.

1. get one’s own way
2. for ages
3. set foot
4. drive a hard bargain
5. get rid of
6. give way
7. at length
8. on purpose
9. took by surprise
10. at a loss
Answer:
1. get one’s own way: persuade other people to allow you to do what you want e.g.: Parents want to get their children into their own way.

2. for ages: for a long time
e.g.: I haven’t seen you for ages.

3. set foot: to enter some place
e.g.: I would not like to set foot in your house.

4. drive a hard bargain : work hard to negotiate agreements in one’s own favour e.g.: Although he has driven a hard bargain, he couldn’t get what he wants.

5. get rid of: to throw away or destroy something you do not want any more e.g.: Finally, Sekhar got rid of his old shoes.

6. give way: to stop agreeing or fighting against someone or something ; to abandon oneself.
e.g.: Don’t give way to your fears.

7. at length: in detail
e.g.: At length, they have discussed the matter.

8. on purpose: intentionally
e.g.: He entered the sitting room on purpose.

9. took by surprise: to surprise someone (took someone by surprise)- e.g.: I took my friend by surprise presenting a gold watch to him.

10. at a loss: unable to speak, unable to know how to act or what to do. e.g.: When Rahul faced the interviewers, he felt totally at a loss.

Grammar

I. Read the following sentences from the play and notice the underlined words.

Let us read the following sentences.

1. She’ll come fast enough after her share of what our father has left.
2. Mrs. Slater doesn’t have enough money to buy the bureau.

In both the sentences ‘enough’ is underlined. ‘Enough’ means ‘sufficient’.
In a sentence, ‘enough’ is used after adjectives, adverbs or verbs as an adverb, and before nouns as a determiner.

A. Now decide whether ‘enough’ in the following sentences is used as an ‘adjective’ or an ‘adverb’.
1. This house is not big enough for me.
2. We didn’t leave early enough.
3. I was not trained enough for the game.
4. Is there enough room for me?
5. I do not have enough clothes for my journey.
Answer:
1) This house is not big enough for me.
‘enough’ is used as an adverb.

2) We didn’t leave early enough.
‘enough’ is used as an adverb.

3) I was not trained enough for the game.
‘enough’ is used as an adverb.

4) Is there enough room for me?
’enough’ is used as an adjective.

5) I do not have enough clothes for my journey.
’enough’ is used as an adjective.

B. Complete the following sentences using ‘enough’ / ‘not enough’ and one of the words given in the list below.

1. Harish wants to be a great wrestler but he is ____________________.
2. I want to sit and watch TV but I just don’t have ____________________.
3. He tried to win the race but he came third as he was not ____________________.
4. This bath is freezing. The water is ____________________.
5. We had to sleep on the floor as there were ____________________.
6. There is ____________________ to make a cup of tea! What is wrong with the pipes?
7. If Sujatha does not have ____________________ , I can lend her.
8. Vasavi is not ____________________ to become a member of this club. She must be at least 18 years of age to join.
9. Is this coffee ____________________ for you? Would you like some more sugar?
10. Do you think he has studied ____________________ to pass the entrance exam?
Answer:
1. not strong enough
2. enough time
3. fast enough
4. not warm enough
5. not enough beds
6. not enough water
7. enough money
8. old enough
9. sweet enough
10. hard enough

II. We generally use articles (a, an and the) before common nouns. But in some cases articles are not used before them. Read the following sentences from the play ‘The . Dear Departed’ and notice the underlined common nouns.

1. He went out soon after breakfast to pay his insurance.
2. And when we’d finished dinner I thought I’d take up a bit of something on a tray.
In the above sentences the underlined common nouns ‘breakfast and dinner’ refer to the names of meals and food. In primary and general sense we don’t use articles before the words that refer to the names of meals and food i.e. breakfast, dinner, lunch, supper, pizza, fish fry and omelette.

Write the following paragraphs, inserting a, an, and the where needed.

A. Horse knows when he is going to race. How does he know? His breakfast is scanty. (He is angry about that.) He does not have saddle on his back. He is being led, not ridden, to grandstand. He is led under grandstand into unusual, special stall. Horse is nervous. Sometimes he does not know what to do when starting gate flies open and track is before him. If he does not begin to run instantly, other horses are already ahead of him. During race, when he sees another horse just ahead of him, he will try to pass him. Sometimes jockey holds him back to save his energy for last stretch. Eventu¬ally horse gets to run as fast as he can. Exercise boy, watching owner’s favourite jockey riding horse he has exercised day after day, says nothing. Secretly, he is planning for day when he.will be jockey himself, and his horse will be first to cross finish line.

B. I have horse of my own. I call her Pretty Girl. She is intelligent animal, but she is not thoroughbred horse. I could never enter her in race, even if I wanted to. But I do not want to. She is companion, for my own pleasure. I took her swimming day or two ago.

Answer:
A. A/The horse knows when he is going to race. How does he know? His breakfast was scanty. (He is angry about that.) He does not have a saddle on his back. He is being led, not ridden, to the grandstand. He is led under the grandstand into an unusual, special stall. The horse is nervous. Sometimes he does not know what to do when the starting gate flies open and the track is before him. If he does not begin to run instantly, the other horses are already ahead of him. During the race, when he sees another horse just ahead of him, he will try to pass him. Sometimes the jockey holds him back to save his energy for the last stretch. Eventually the horse gets to run as fast as he can. The exercise boy, watching the owner’s favourite jockey riding the horse he has exercised day after day, says nothing. Secretly, he is planning for the day when he will be a jockey himself, and his horse will be the first to cross the finish line.

B) I have a horse of my own. I call her Pretty Girl. She is an intelligent animal, but she is not a thoroughbred horse. I could never enter her in a race, even if I wanted to. But I do not want to. She is a companion, for my own pleasure. I took her swimming a day or two ago.

III. Compound Prepositional Phrases

Read the following sentences from the play ‘The Dear Departed’ and notice the underlined words.
1. Victoria dressed according to her mother’s instructions.
2. You both say that because of what 1 have told you about leaving my money.
3. It was here instead of in his room.
The underlined phrases are compound prepositional phrases. The following are some more important compound prepositional phrases. Their meanings are given in brackets.
along with (together with)
on account of (because of)
by means of (through the agency of)
apart from (separate from)
ahead of (earlier than somebody/something)
in front of (located before)
in place of (as a substitute for)
in spite of (disregarding the difficulty)
in case of (in the event of)
by way of (via)
due to (on account of)
for the sake of (for the good of)
in addition to (added to)
in accordance with (in agreement with)

A. Use the above compound prepositional phrases in sentences of your own.

Answer:
1. along with:
a) Ramu went along with Somu.
b) I put scale along with books in my bag.
c) Mr. Nagesh bought a TV along with a computer.

2. on account of:
a) She visited the doctor on account of her illness.
b) They cancelled their programme on account of rain.
c) On account of Prabhu’s late-coming, he was beaten severely.

3. by means of:
a) He will succeed by means of sheer determination.
b) 1 was able to buy a flat by means of a bank loan.
c) The blocks are raised by means of pulleys.

4. apart from:
a) Apart from minor injuries, he was safe after an accident.
b) We have a Maruthi car apart from our Ford car.
c) We don’t see anyone in the theatre apart from two women.

5. ahead of:
a) Mr. Rao arrived there ahead of his boss.
b) The results show that Aam Admi’ party is ahead of other parties.
c) He had got ahead of me.

6. in front of:
a) There is a pole in front of our house.
b) The fountain is in front of the building.
c) We sit in front of the TV and watch programmes.

7. in place of:
a) Mr. John came to teach in place of Mr. Robert, who was transferred.
b) She bought a red car in place of the blue car, her old one.
c) Mr. Vasan was appointed as chairman in place of Mrs. Sharma, the former chairman.

8. in spite of:
a) In spite of heavy rain, the football match was continued.
b) In spite of the pain in his leg, he played and won the match.
c) In spite of the fact that he had worked hard, he didn’t get through his exam.

9. in case of:
a) In case of heavy rains, you should postpone your trip.
b) Break the glass in case of fire.
c) In case of floods, take the help from helpline.

10. by way of:
a) We go to school by wav of market.
b) My father came home by way of Rampura.
c) They reached the place by wav of the canal.

11. due to:
a) Due to illness, she didn’t go to school.
b) The game was cancelled due to heavy rain.
c) There was a heavy loss due to improper management.

12. for the sake of:
a) The government implemented a new programme for the sake of women.
b) She had done it for the sake of you.
c) The king acquitted the criminal for the sake of justice.

13. in addition to:
a) Mr. Suraj learnt Karate in addition to Kungfu.
b) She used to teach English in addition to Social Studies.
c) You have to add sugar to the dish in addition to ghee.

14. in accordance with:
a) The boss did this in accordance with his request.
b) I designed this plan in accordance with our discussion.
c) They have tried to root out corruption in accordance with rules that have been framed recently.

B. Fill in each blank with the correct compound prepositional phrase from the options given under each sentence.

1. I finished my project work several days ________________ the deadline.
a) instead of
b) ahead of
c) in spite of
Answer:
b) ahead of

2. Sravani goes to school ______________________ Yamuna daily.
a) according to
b) in spite of
c) along with
Answer:
c) along with

3. My house stands _______________ all the other houses in the street as it is big in size.
a) apart from
b) in accordance with
c) in addition to
Answer:
a) apart from

4. Madhu got a good job ____________________ his own abilities and skills.
a) in addition to
b) instead of
c) by means of
Answer:
c) by means of

5. She was unable to attend the party ______________ her marriage engagement.
a) in spite of
b) in addition to
c) due to
Answer:
c) due to

6. ______________ fire, ring the alarm bell.
a) In spite of
b) In case of
c) In addition to
Answer:
b) In case of

7. Sriram continued his batting carefully ________________ his team though he was hungry.
a) for the sake of
b) in addition to
c) in front of
Answer:
a) for the sake of

8. You should complete your B.Ed. _____________________ your B.Sc to get a teacher job.
a) in addition to
b) according to
c) in spite of
Answer:
a) in addition to

9. The physical director of our school selected me ____________________ my friend, Ganesh for tomorrow’s match.
a) in spite of
b) in place of
c) ahead of
Answer:
b) in place of

10. ________________ his poverty, he completed his Ph.D. in English.
a) In place of
b) For the sake of
c) In spite of
Answer:
c) In spite of

IV. Language Function (It’s time + Simple Past Verb …)

Read the following contexts and express them using expressions it’s quite time’, it’s high time’, it’s time’ or it’s about time’.

1. Bhavani usually wakes up at 6 a.m. daily. It is 6.15 a.m. now. Bhavani has not woken up yet. You feel it is already late. Express your idea using it’s high time’.
Answer:
It’s high time Bhavani woke up.

2. You and your friend have spent more time than you spend daily in the playground. You feel it is late and better to go home. What would you say to your friend? Use the expression ‘It’s time’.
Answer:
It’s time we went home as it is already late.

3. You to your friend: ‘You have not thought seriously about what you want to do in your life.’ How would you express this idea using ‘It’s high time’.
Answer:
It’s high time you thought about your life seriously.

4. Your friend promised you to make a phone call at 7 a.m. But you haven’t received any phone call from him yet. Now it is 7.30 a.m. How would you express this idea using ‘It’s time’?
Answer:
It’s time my friend made me a call.

5. Your friend has been working on a project for 5 months. But he has not completed it yet. You feel that your friend should take your help to complete the project fast. Give him/her advice using ‘It’s time.’
Answer:
It’s time you took my help in order to complete the project fast.

V. The following passage has ten errors of grammar. Identify and rewrite them with necessary corrections.
Varanasi is locate on the north eastern part of India. Hindu pilgrims go to there to purify their souls. To the Hindus Varanasi is a holiest pilgrimage center to all.
Thousands of pilgrims visit this wholly city every year.
As early as four o’clock at the morning the pilgrims are seen make their way to the famous bathing steps knowed as Gatz. From there they board row boats to the holy river ganges to take bath. In doing this the pilgrims believe that their sins would be wash away.
Answer:
Varanasi is located in the north eastern part of India. The Hindu pilgrims go there to purify their souls. To the Hindus Varanasi is the holiest pilgrimage centre of all.
Thousands of pilgrims visit this holy city every year.
As early as four o’clock in the morning the pilgrims are seen making their way to the famous bathing steps known as Ghats. From there they board row boats to the holy river Ganges to take a bath. By doing this the pilgrims believe that their sins would be washed away.

Read the following sentences. Complete the conversations with the appropriate forms of the verbs. Then say why you chose simple past/present perfect forms.

1. “Is your brother in?”
“No, he isn’t. He __________________(go) to Chennai.”
“When _________ he ________________________(go) to Chennai?”
“Yesterday.”
Answer:
“Is your brother in ?”
“No, he isn’t. He has gone to Chennai”.
“When did he go to Chennai ?”
“Yesterday”.

2. “I ________ (lose) my pencil. __________you ________________________(see) it anywhere?”
“No, I________ . When ___________ you last _________(use) the pencil?”
“I ________________________(use) it when I was in the class.”
“Perhaps you ________________________(leave) it in the class.”
Answer:
“I lost my pencil. Have you seen it anywhere ?”
“No, I haven’t. When did you last use the pencil?”
“I used it when I was in the class.”
“Perhaps you have left (must have left) it in the class.”

3. A: _____________ Madhu ________________________( not arrive) yet ?
B: No, he ________________________ .
C: But he ________________already ________________________(arrive).
B: _______________ you ________________________(talk) to him?
C: No, I ____________ . I merely _______________(see) him.
B: That cannot be Madhu. He may have been somebody else.
Answer:
A : Hasn’t Madhu arrived yet?
B : No. He hasn’t.
C : But he has already arrived.
B : Have you talked to him ?
C : No, I haven’t. I merely saw him.
B : That cannot be Madhu. He may be somebody else.

4. A: ________________ you _______________(call) me, mother?
B: Yes, I_______________. ________ you _______________(see) my diary today?
I _______________(put) it on the table last night. I _______________(look) all over the house for it. But I _______________( not, find) it anywhere.
A: I _______________(see) it on the table this morning, if I remember right. Maybe father _______________(take) it with him by mistake.
Answer:
A: Have you called me. mother ?
B : Yes, I have. Have you seen my diary today ?
I put it on the table last night. I have looked all over the house for it. But I have not found it anywhere.
A : I have seen it on the table this morning, if I remember right. May be father has taken it with him by mistake.

5. “Do you know Mrs.Geetha ?”
“Yes, I do. I _______________(know) her for nearly four years. It ______________(be) at a high school that I first _______________(see) her in 2009. I ___________(work) with her for several years. Recently we _______________(meet) at the wedding of a mutual friend of us.”
Answer:
“Do you know Mrs. Geetha ?
“Yes. I do. I have known her for nearly four years. It was at a high school that I first saw her in 2009. I have worked with her for several years. Recently we have met at the wedding of a mutual friend of us.”

Writing

I. Imagine that you are the grandfather in the play. Write a letter to your Mend, Mr. Tattersall inviting him to your marriage at ‘Ring-o-Bells with Mrs. John Shorrocks. Don’t forget to say why you are going to get married at this age.

You can include the following :
a) Time of wedding
b) Place of wedding
c) Details of the bride
d) Behaviour of the daughters
e) Reason for-marrying at this age
f) Cordial invitation.
Answer:

22-222-A45,
Trafalgar Square,
Manchester City.
28th March, 20xx.

My dear Tattersall,

How are you? I am keeping quite well and hope to hear the same from you. It is a long time since I received a letter from you. What are the things with you ? Here is a surprising news for you. I am glad to write to you that I am going to get married to Mrs. John Shorrocks at twelve o’ clock at St. Philip’s Church on Monday, 7th April, 20xx. Mrs. John Shorrocks is a good woman and is the owner of ‘Ring-o-Bells’. We know each other very well. She is a famous business person in the city. Hence, I cordially invite you to attend our marriage ceremony without fail.

Now, I think that you are very much surprised to hear the news of my marriage at this age. I had to take this decision because of the the evil intentions of both my daughters Amelia and Elizabeth. You know that I have been with Amelia’s family for the last few months. A few days ago, Amelia thought me ‘dead’ and her foolish husband sent this message to my second daughter Elizabeth. Before Elizabeth and her husband’s arrival, Amelia shifted my bureau to the sitting room. She also tried to steal my clock and my slippers for her husband. After the arrival of the Jordans, both my daughters concentrated on grabbing my things. No one bothered about me. They don’t deserve to be called ‘daughters’ at all. When I understood their nature, I wanted to teach them a lesson. I announced that I would change my will the next Monday, pay my insurance premium and get married. I think that this decision is a slap on the faces of my greedy and deceitful daughters.

I hope that you will understand my feelings. I shall be very glad to see you at the ceremony on Monday. I am awaiting your arrival. Convey my best wishes to your wife.

Your loving friend,
Abel Merryweather

Address on the envelope :
To
Mr. K. Tattersall,
5-262-6/A, Joseph Towers,
Dovinci Street, Liverpool,
England.

II. Convert the play, ‘The Dear Departed’ into a story.

To adapt the story to your culture, you may make changes in the following:
a) The names of the characters
b) Description of costumes
c) Things stolen by the daughter
d) The names of the villages/towns the daughters lived in
Answer:
Mr. Rao is a seventy-two-year old man. He is living with his daughter Mrs. Sarojini and her husband Prakash. Their daughter is Sushma, who loves her grandpa very much. Mr. Rao’s another daughter is Mrs. Aruna and her husband Rajesh.

One day Mrs. Sarojini thinks that her father is dead. She tells her daughter to change her dress before her aunt Aruna and her husband come. Mrs. Sarojini’s husband Prakash has sent them the message to come home. When Prakash wonders if they will come at all, Mrs. Sarojini replies that Aruna will come at once for her share of the old man s things. Mrs. Sarojini asks her husband to wear the new shoes of her father. She also wants to pinch the old man’s TV set, computer and his bracelet too. She wants to do it before her sister’s arrival. When she tells the same, her husband agrees after some hesitation.

Mrs. Sarojini fastens the door and she and her husband shift the TV set and com¬puter and put the radio in their place. Their daughter Sushma understands that they are pinching the grandpa’s TV set and computer and asks them if they are pinching them. Mr. Prakash replies that her grandpa has given them those things before his death. Mrs. Sarojini and her husband carry them downstairs and put them in the parlour.
She asks her husband to wear her father’s bracelet round his wrist and he obeys. At the same time Mrs. Aruna and her husband come. Mrs. Sarojini tells them that the old man is found dead that morning when she takes up a bit of something for him on tray.

Mrs. Aruna and Mr. Rajesh don’t want to look at the old man. They prefer to have tea. Then they talk about how to announce the old man’s death in the papers. Then Mrs. Sarojini and Mrs. Aruna come to talk about dividing their father’s belongings. Mrs. Aruna tells that the old man has promised his gold ring for Srikar. This news amazes Mrs. Sarojini. Mr. Rajesh calls the old man “The drunken old beggar” when Sushma tells that grandpa hasn’t paid his insurance. Both the sisters complain that they have to put up with their father for all those years. Then Mrs. Sarojini asks Sushma to go and bring the bunch of keys from grandpa’s room. After some time, Sushma gets back scared and tells them that grandpa is getting up. All are amazed as they all think he is dead. Mr. Rao enters their room after a few minutes and is surprised to see Mrs. Aruna and her husband. He asks them why they are in mourning dress. Sushma tells her grandpa that she is very happy that he is not dead. Grandpa asks them who is dead. Mrs. Sarojini lies that Rajesh’s brother is dead. Mrs. Rao sees his shoes being worn by Prakash and says it is not good. Then he looks at the gold bracelet and understands that they have stolen it. He also understands that Mrs. Sarojini and her husband have stolen his TV set and computer.

Mr. Rao doesn’t want to stay with either of his daughters anymore. He declares that he is going to change his will leaving all his property to whoever he is living with when he dies. Mrs. Sarojini and Mrs. Aruna fight with each other to keep their father in their care. Both the sisters try to persuade him to keep him with them but he refuses to stay with them. Then the old man shocks them with his announcement. He announces that he has got to do three things the next Monday. He has got to go to the lawyer and change his will, to pay the insurance premium and to go to Tirumala to get married to Mrs. Laxmi, the owner of ’Komala Vilas’. He invites them all to the marriage ceremony. He thanks Mrs. Sarojini for bringing the TV set and computer downstairs as it will be easier to carry them across to his house after his marriage.

Study skills

Health is a major concern during old age. Maintaining health is very important for the elderly, particularly in rural areas, who must continue to work for a living even when they become aged. Good health is central to their ability to work, and support themselves and families. However, many poor rural elderly people have severe problems of health

Here is the data collected in January 2013 by ‘Help Age India’, a research and development journal on common health problems of the rural elderly in Andhra Pradesh. The data is collected from 150 male and 150 female rural elderly people of above 60 years old.

Common Health Problems of the Rural Elderly in Andhra Pradesh

Read, understand and analyse the data given in the above table and write a report on it to present on the World Grandparents’ Day.

You should include the following points in your report:

• Introduction
• The type of diseases old people suffer from below 10%, between 10-20, 21-30, 31- 40 and 41-50.
• Which diseases have more or less effect on the health of the old people.

Answer:
This is a report based on the data collected in January 2013 by ’Help Age India’, a research and development journal on common health problems of the rural elderly in Andhra Pradesh. The data is collected from 150 male and 150 female rural elderly of above 60 years old. Health is a major concern of old age all over the world. Maintaining health is very important for the elderly who must continue to work for a living even when they become aged particularly in rural areas. However, many poor rural elderly have severe problems of health. Now, we have a look at the health problems being faced by the elderly of rural areas.

At first we see the health problems being faced by the males and the females of rural areas separately. Below 10% of males are suffering from urinary problems and piles. Between 10% and 20% of males are suffering from bowel complaints, ear problems, B.P./hypertension, mental depression, respiratory problems and diabetes. Between 21% and 30% of males are suffering from sleep disorders, digestive problems, dental problems and cold and cough. Between 31% and 40% of males are suffering from fatigue/general weakness. Between 41% and 50% of males are suffering from body/joint pains, and eye problems.

As far as women are concerned, below 10% of them are suffering from diabetes. Between 10% and 20% of females are suffering from dental problems, cold and cough, ear problems, B.P./hypertension, respiratory problems, urinary problems and piles. Between 21% and 30% of females are suffering from digestive problems and bowel complaints. Between 31% and 40% of females are suffering from fatigue/general weakness, sleep disorders and mental depression. Between 41% and 50% of females are suffering from eye problems. 55.33% of females are suffering from body/joint pains.

When we consider both males and females, below 10% of elderly people are suffering from diabetes and piles. Between 10% and 20% of them are suffering from cold and cough, ear problems, B.P./hypertension, respiratory problems and urinary problems. Between 21% and 30% of elderly people are suffering from mental depression, digestive problems, dental problems and bowel complaints. Between 31% and 40% of elderly people are suffering from fatigue/general weakness and sleep disorders. 45.33% of elderly people are suffering from eye problems and 52% of them are suffering from body/joint pains.

When we observe the data, we can understand that the health problems such as body/joint pains, eye problems, fatigue, sleep disorders, mental depression, digestive problems, dental problems and bowel complaints have more effect on the health of the old. When we compare with the above problems, the problems such as cough and cold, ear problems, B.P./hypertension, respiratory problems, urinary problems, diabetes and piles have less effect on their health. Good health is essential to their ability to work, to support themselves and families. They must get rid of their health problems to lead an active and happy life.

Listening

Listen to an interesting anecdote and say whether the following statements are true or false.

1. The woman was a stranger to Hyderabad.
2. In the beginning of the incident, the woman was at the Charminar.
3. The woman in this event might be a villager.
4. The woman knows that the buses in city have numbers.
5. The woman misunderstood the direction given by the police officer.
6. The police officer gave a wrong direction.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False

Oral Activity

Work in groups. Tell your group any funny incident you may have witnessed/listened to.

Answer:
My friend Rahul told me this funny incident which he himself experienced. One evening he was returning home after watching a movie. It was very dark. He was all alone and very scared. The wind was blowing very hard. He even heard the cry of an owl.

On his way, he had to pass by a burial ground. When he was nearing it, he remem-bered horror serials he had watched on television. His mind was full of horror scenes. There was a thorny bush on the side of the road. It was so dark that nothing was visible to the naked eye. He was at his wit s end. He thought that there was something in the bush. He plucked up courage and took a step forward. He heard the sound again. There was something greyish in that bush. There were two glowing spots in the bush. He stood rooted to the spot, staring at them. He could neither go forward nor back. He thought that the glowing spots were the eyes of a skull. Suddenly, there was a ear¬splitting cry, and a huge grey form jumped out of the bush and ran away. “Aaaaaah….”

It was a donkey! He could breathe again, a donkey after all He laughed aloud for a long time. He reached his home and narrated the incident to the members of his family. They too laughed aloud.

The Dear Departed Part 2 Summary in English

When Abel Merryweather enters their room, he is surprised to see his daughter and son-in-law, Mrs. and Mr. Jordan. The two sisters and their husbands can’t believe their eyes. Abel comes forward to shake hand with his son-in-law, Mr. Ben Jordan. Ben retreats with Mrs. Jordan to a safe distance. Mrs. Slater pokes Abel with her hand to see if he is solid. Abel reveals that he is well enough but has a bit of a headache. Then Abel asks for his new slippers. When he observes Henry wearing his slippers, Mrs. Slater snatches them from Henry and gives them to Abel. He puts them on and sits in an armchair.

Abel asks them why they all are in mourning. Mrs. Jordan makes up some story to pacify him. She tells that Ben’s brother has died. Abel tells them to sit down and take tea. He suggests that they all should be jolly. Then he notices his bureau there in that room. He asks Mrs. Slater and Henry what they have been doing with his bureau. At the same time he hears a clock striking six. He looks at it and questions them why it is there. He grumbles and scolds for her deceitful acts. Mrs. Jordan blames her sister of robbing their father. The two sisters start quarrelling. Abel understands his daughters’ dishonesty. He comes to know about the reality.

Abel doesn’t want to stay with either of his daughters anymore. He addresses his daughters directly and declares that he is going to change his will leaving all his property to whoever he is living with when he dies. Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan fight with each other to keep their father in their care. Both the sisters try to persuade him to make him live with them but he refuses to stay with them. Then Abel makes an announcement which shocks everyone. He announces that he has got to do three things the next Monday He has got to go to the lawyer and change his will and he has got to go to the insurance office to pay the premium and then he has got to go to St. Philip’s Church and get married. Everyone is shocked. Abel reveals that he has at last found someone who is happy to keep him. When he leaves the room, he invites them all to his marriage with Mrs. John Shorrocks who keeps the ‘Ring-o-Bells’. He thanks Mrs. Slater for bringing the bureau downstairs as it will be easier to carry it across to the Ring-o-Bells.’

The Dear Departed Part 2 About the Author

William Stanley Houghton (1881 – 1913) was a famous English dramatist. He was one of the best of a group of realistic playwrights often called the Manchester School. In every play he sought to present an idea. He had a remarkable gift for dialogue that is evident in ‘The Dear Departed’. The Dear Departed was first produced in Manchester in 1908. Here Houghton satirizes the degradation of moral values in the British middle-class.

The Dear Departed Part 2 Glossary

thrust (v): to push something somewhere quickly

skip (v): move with quick steps and jumps

smartly (adj): elegantly / stylishly

retreat (v): move back

approach (v): come near to somebody

gingerly (adv): in a careful way

poke (v): push

solid (adj): firm

what the devil (phrase): old fashioned way of showing annoyance or displeasure; (This phrase is always used in questions.)

tomfoolery (n): foolish or silly behaviour

took by surprise (idiom): happened unexpectedly so that somebody was slightly shocked

eh? (Intj): a request for repetition or confirmation of what was just said.

what the dickens (idiom): (old-fashioned and informal) used in questions instead of ‘devil’ to show that you are annoyed or surprised

hearth (n): the area of floor around a fireplace in a house

snatch (v): to take away something from someone with a quick, often violent movement

‘em (pro): them

put on (phr.v): wear

haste (n): speed in doing something, especially because you do not have enough time

Oh (Inter): used to express surprise, fear, joy, etc.

vindictive whisper (n.phr.) : talking about someone in a harsh, hasty manner

ab (Interject): used to express pleasure, admiration or sympathy hold your tongue (phrase): to tell someone to stop talking

chuckle (v): to laugh quietly

at a loss (Idiom): puzzled

er (intj): used to express hesitation or uncertainty

prompting (v): reminding the dialogue or words

ay (interjection): used to express distress or regret

drat (interjection): a fairly mild expression of slight annoyance nothing short of (Idiom): as bad as

double-faced (adj): hypocritical/deceitful/dishonest

damn it (Intellect.): an expression of displeasure annoyance

sneak: to go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or heard

resume : to start doing something again alter stopping or being interrupted

thumping (v): hitting hard

gaze: look fixedly

oho (interject): used for showing that you are surprised in a happy way

sobbing (v): crying noisily. taking sudden sharp breaths

bits of things (phr): property

will (n): legal document that says what is to happen to somebody’s property alter his/her death

strike (v): come into somebodys mind suddenly

It’s quite time you came: it Is the right time to come

fancy (v): want/feel like

put up with (phr.v): bear / look after

out of senses (phr.): silly and senseless

consternation (n): a worried. sad feeling

Ring-o-Bells (n): the name of a restaurant

a good while (Idm): for quite sometime

handier (adj): easier

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 1B Every Success Story is Also a Story of Great Failures Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 1B Every Success Story is Also a Story of Great Failures

10th Class English Chapter 1B Every Success Story is Also a Story of Great Failures Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
‘To Lincoln, defeat was a detour and not a dead end.’ Justify this statement from the life of Lincoln.
Answer:
Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States at age 52. Before he became President, he faced many setbacks. He failed in business, lost in legislative, senatorial and congressional races. He lost his sweetheart when he was 22. Thus, Lincoln had failed many times before he got the big success. He proved that defeat was a detour and not a dead end.

Question 2.
What did Socrates suggest as the secret to success? Do you agree or disagree with it? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Socrates suggested that burning desire is the only secret to one’s success. I agree with this statement. If we don’t have a desire, we can’t achieve anything. A burning desire is the starting point of all accomplishments. A weak desire can’t produce great results. The motivation to get the success comes from the burning desire to achieve a purpose.

Question 3.
Complete the following table about the failures and successes of the great personalities mentioned in the lesson you have just read. The first one is done for you.

Answer:

Study skills

Read the following story.

An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer-contractor of his plans to leave the house-building business to live a more leisurely life with his wife and enjoy his extended family. He would miss the paycheck each week, but he wanted to retire. They could get by.

The contractor was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favour. The carpenter agreed. But over time it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior materials. It was an unfortunate way to end a dedicated career.

When the carpenter finished his work, his employer came to inspect the house. Then he handed the front-door key to the carpenter and said, “This is your house… my gift to you.”
The carpenter was shocked!

What a shame! If he had only known that he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently.
So it is with us. We build our lives, a day at a time, often putting less than our best into the building. Then, with a shock, we realize we have to live in the house we have built. If we could do it over, we would do it much differently.

But, you cannot go back. You are the carpenter, and every day you hammer a nail, place a board, or erect a wall. Someone once said, “Life is a do-it-yourself project.” Your attitude, and the choices you make today, help build the “house” you will live in tomorrow. Therefore, build wisely!

I. Complete the table given below.

Answer:

II. Extended Writing

Rewrite the above story by giving another ending.

Answer:
An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer-contractor of his plans to leave the house-building business to live a more leisurely life with his wife and enjoy his extended family. He would miss the paycheck each week, but he wanted to retire. They could get by.

The contractor was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favour. The carpenter agreed. He wanted to build the house using all his skill. He knew that his employer had confidence and faith in him. He began his work and completed with determination. He gave the final touch to the house and invited his employer. The employer came to inspect the house.

The contractor was amazed to see the house with all its fine work. He praised the carpenter for building such a beautiful house. He thanked the carpenter and gave him a big amount of money. The carpenter felt very happy thanked his employer and went away.

Listening

Listen to the story about a farmer.

Just now you have listened to a story about a farmer. Here are some sentences that describe the events in the story. However, they are not in the order in which they occur in the story. Listen to the story and arrange them in the order in which they occur. Put 1 after the event that occurs first, 2 against the next and so on.

He threw himself into the Barcelona River and committed suicide.
The wise man said, “Because that is a diamond.”
He picked up the stone and put it in the living room.
He looked all through Europe and couldn’t find any.
They found that the farm was indeed covered with acres and acres of diamonds.
That night the farmer couldn’t sleep.
The person who had bought his farm was watering the camels at a stream.
He made arrangements to sell off his farm and went in search of diamonds.
He was unhappy and he was discontent.
A wise man told him about the glory of diamonds.
Answer:
A wise man told him about the glory of diamonds.
That night the farmer couldn’t sleep.
He was unhappy and he was discontent.
He made arrangements to sell off his farm and went in search of diamonds.
He looked all through Europe and couldn’t find any.
He threw himself into the Barcelona River and committed suicide.
The person who had bought his farm was watering the camels at a stream.
He picked up the stone and put it in the living room.
The wise man said, “Because that is a diamond.”
They found that the farm was indeed covered with acres and acres of diamonds.

Oral Activity

After listening to the story, work in pairs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of travelling abroad. You may use the hints given in the box for your understanding.

Answer:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Travelling Abroad
Nowadays we see many students, educated people and some others going abroad everywhere due to several reasons. Students go for studies. Educated people go for jobs. Other people go for touring. Going abroad has not only advantages but also disadvantages.
Advantages:

1. As far as merits are concerned while travelling abroad you will come to know about the other cultures and rituals. It will definitely add to one’s knowledge.
2. Students go abroad for their studies. Educated people go abroad for getting better opportunities.
3. By going abroad they can get good and quality education.
4. They can study and get jobs abroad.
5. They can settle in their lives by getting better earning. Thus they can improve their social status.
6. They can get more opportunities and more income.
7. They can learn new languages.
8. They can make friends with people from different countries.
9. They can know about recent technological developments.
10. The new environment can allow us to see the world and create memories that will last forever.

Disadvantages:

1. People who go abroad would cut off themselves from their roots from the native country.
2. They should forget their own environment which is friendly and lively.
3. They should live away from their culture, rituals and religions.
4. They should face difficulties in adapting other cultures.
5. They would miss the native food and tastes.
6. They would miss the nearness of their parents.
7. They should live far away from their parents. They miss the sacred love their parents.
8. Their parents would suffer from old age problems as there is nobody to take care of them.

Every Success Story is Also a Story of Great Failures Summary in English

All stories of success are also stories of great failures. Failures are the stepping stones to success. We all know that Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States, It was not an easy thing for him to reach such a great height in his life. He faced major setbacks in business as well as politics before he was elected President of the United States at age 52. He didn’t lose hope and give up his efforts.

Lee De Forest was the inventor of the triodes tube. In 1913, he was charged for using dishonest means to mislead the public. Though he was publicly humiliated, he didn’t stop his efforts and made so many inventions.

The Wright Brothers successfully took their flight after their wisdom was questioned by a New York Times editorial.

Colonel Sanders was the founder of KFC chain restaurants. He, at age 65* worked hard and succeeded in selling food items. He had knocked on more than a thousand doors before he got his first order.

Walt Disney, the famous cartoonist faced many rejections before his getting the success. He created Mickey Mouse when he was working out of a small mouse infested shed near the church.

Thomas Edison, who was partially deaf, failed 10,000 times while he was working on the light bulb. He didn’t give up and got the success finally. He was the man with great attitude. Though he lost his factory to fire, he went on inventing the phonograph. He didn’t lose hope at any stage of his life.

Henry Ford forgot to put the reverse gear in the first car he made and went broke at the age of 40. He succeeded later and reached top position in selling of cars.

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. Though he was told that he had no talent for music, he gave some of the best music.

All these persons succeeded in spite of their problems. A setback can act as a driving force and teach us humility. We have to find courage and faith to overcome the setback. We must get rid of fear and doubt. We need to try to become victors. We need to have burning desire to achieve our task. A burning desire is the key to one’s success. We can’t get great results with a weak desire.

IF YOU THINK

If you think you are beaten, you are.
If you think you dare not, you don’t!
If you like to win, but think you can’t,
It’s almost a cinch you won’t.
If you think you’ll lose, you’re lost;
For out in the world we find
Success begins with a fellow’s will;
It’s all in the state of mind.
If you think you are outclassed, you are,
You’ve got to think high to rise,
You’ve got to be sure of yourself before
You can ever win a prize.
Life’s battles don’t always go
To the stronger and faster man,
But sooner or later the man who wins
Is the man who thinks he can.

IF YOU THINK Summary
Success, failure, win, defeat – these ail depend upon the man’s thinking. Success begins with a fellow’s will. If one thinks he is beaten or lost, it certainly happens. If one thinks one is outclassed, one is outclassed. So, one needs to be positive in one’s thoughts. One needs to think high to get success. The person who thinks can easily win in the end. ‘ Victory is not always on the side of the stronger and faster man.

Every Success Story is Also a Story of Great Failures About the Author

Shiv Khera is an Indian author of self-help books and activist.
While working in the United States, he was inspired by a lecture delivered by Norman Vincent Peale and followed his motivational teachings. Khera has written several books including You Can Win.
His mission is “to ensure freedom through education and justice.”

Shiv Khera was born in a business family who used to have coal mines Kendua in Dhanbad, India. Soon after the nationalisation of coal mines by the Indian government, he had to search for his own living. In his early years he worked as a car washer, a life insurance agent, and a franchise operator before he became a motivational speaker.

Every Success Story is Also a Story of Great Failures Glossary

overcome(v): to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something

detour(n): a road or route that is used when the usual one is closed

triodes tube (n): A triode is an electronic amplification tube having three active electrodes. Invented in 1906, the triode vacuum tube was the first electronic amplification device. This invention founded the electronic age, making possible amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony.

Lee de Forest: an American inventor with over 180 patents to his credit. He invented the Audion, a vacuum tube that takes relatively weak electrical signals and amplifies them. He is one of the fathers of the “electronic age,” as the Audion helped to usher in the widespread use of electronics. He is also credited with one of the principal inventions that brought sound to motion pictures.

fraudulent (adj): intended to cheat someone, usually in order to make money illegally

attorney (n): a lawyer

humiliate (v): to make someone feel ashamed or stupid

Colonel Sanders: Colonel Harland David Sanders was an American business man and restaurateur who founded the Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) chain restaurants

beat-up (adj): old and damaged

quit (v): to leave ; to stop doing something

recipe (n): set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food

Walt Disney: an American animator, film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, entrepreneur entertainer, international icon and philanthropist, well known for his influence in the field of entertainment during the 20th century. He created some of the world’s most well-known fictional characters including Mickey Mouse.

rejection (n): the act of not accepting

Infest(v): to exist in large numbers in a particular place, often causing damage or disease (especially of insects or animals such as rats)

Henry Ford: an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. He did not Invent the automobile but he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford to buy.

disaster (n): a sudden event such as a flood, storm or accident

Lee Iacocca: an American Business man known for engineering the Ford Mustang and Ford Pinto cars. He was the former chairman of the Chrysler Corporation. He was one of the most famous business people in the world. He is the author (or coauthor) of several books, including Iacocca.

Ludwig van Beethoven: a German composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music. He remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphonies. 5 concertos, 2 piano sonatas and 16 string quartets. He also composed other chamber music, choral works (Including the celebrated Missa Solemnis and songs).

inevitable (adj): certain to happen : that you cannot avoid or prevent

setback (n): a problem that delays or prevents progress

humility (n): the quality of not being too proud about oneself.

victor (n): the winner

stumbling block (n): a problem or difficulty that stops oneself from achieving something

Napoleon Hill: an American author in the area of the new thought movement who was one of the earliest producers of the modern genre of personal-success literature. He is widely considered to be one of the great writers on success.

conceive(n): to form an idea, a plan, etc. In your mind; to imagine something

Socrates (469 BC – 399 BC): a classical Greek Athenian philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western Philosophy; He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristopanes. Many would claim that Plato’s dialogues are the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity. Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of ethics.

ducked(v): pushed somebody under water and held them there for a short time

gasp (v): to breathe quickly in a way that can be heard because one is having difficulty in breathing .

accomplishment (n): something successful or impressive that is achieved after a lot of effort and hard work

cinch(n): a thing that is certain to happen

outclassed (v): overcame

will (n): determination to do something that one has decided to do

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 1A Attitude is Altitude Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 1A Attitude is Altitude

10th Class English Chapter 1A Attitude is Altitude Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the pictures and answer the questions.

Question 1.
What qualities have made these persons great?
Answer:
The persons in the above pictures are Sudha Chandran, Stephen Hawking and Helen Keller.
Sudha Chandran is an accomplished Bharatanatyam dancer, Indian film and television actress, who showed great courage even though she had lost her leg in an accident.

Stephen Hawking is one of the famous scientists. Despite his debilitating illness, he has done ground-breaking work in physics.

Helen Keller overcame the adversity of being blind and deaf to become one of the 20th century’s leading humanitarians.
These three great persons showed that anything can be done, if one tries hard enough. From their lives, it is understood that one need not lose hope. Their lives show us that disability need not prevent one from reaching great heights. The qualities such as grit, determination, confidence, will power, dedication, discipline, etc. have made these persons great.

Question 2.
What qualities do you think a person requires to become successful ?
Answer:
The qualities a person requires to become successful are determination, dedication, discipline, grit, courage, faith, positive thinking, responsibility, hard work, commitment, desire, persistence, good character, etc. These qualities make a person highly successful.

Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
‘I call it my chicken drumstick,’ joked Nick. What does ‘it’ refer to? How does it help him ?
Answer:
‘It’ refers to the small foot that Nick has on his left hip. It helps him balance and enables him to kick. Nick uses his one foot to type, write with a pen and pick things up between his toes.

Question 2.
‘His parents decided not to send him to a special school.’ Was Nick happy about his parents’ decision? Why or why not? What do you think about this decision?
Answer:
Nick’s was not happy with his parents’ decision because there might be the risk of bullying. His companions at mainstream school might tease him.
But later, he realised that his parents’ decision was the best one. I think that this decision was the best one his parents could have made for him as he was able to achieve a degree in Financial Planning and Real Estate. The decision made him independent.

Question 3.
How did Nick’s parents help him to become independent?
Answer:
Right from the start Nick’s parents did their best to make him independent. His father put Nick in the water at 18 months and gave him the courage to learn how to swim. He encouraged Nick to get into football and skating. He taught Nick how to type with his toe at just six years old. Nick’s mother invented a special plastic device that meant Nick could hold a pen and pencil. Despite the risk of bullying, Nick’s parents insisted on his attending mainstream school.

Question 4.
Pick out the symptoms of Nick’s depression. Do you think his depression was normal or something unique about him? Give reasons for your opinion.
Answer:
Nick was deeply depressed when he was eight years old. When he was in depression, he went to his mother crying and told her that he wanted to kill himself. He felt cold and bitter. He hated God for doing this to him. He was terrified about his future without his parents. At age ten Nick tried to drown himself in the bath. These were the symptoms of Nick’s depression. I think his depression was normal. Any human being born like Nick might have the same depression.

Question 5.
Which incident in this text is funny? What makes it funny?
Answer:
Once Nick was in a car and a girl at traffic lights was looking at him interestingly. She could only see Nick’s head so he decided to do a 360 in the car seat to freak her out. When she saw the torso, she sped off really quickly. This is the funny incident in the text. The idea of Nick showing the girl his torso makes the scene funny.

Question 6.
What made Nick choose Bethany Hamilton as his teacher to learn surfing?
Answer:
Nick went to Hawaii in 2008 and met surfing master Bethany Hamilton. She had her arm bitten off by a shark when she was 12. Nick chose Bethany Hamilton as she too was a disabled person and still she performed surfing very well. Though she had no arm she did well. As a disabled person, she could know how a disabled person could learn how to surf. She could know the psychological condition of a disabled person.

Question 7.
Which aspect of Nick’s physical condition helps him to do a 360 degree spin?
Answer:
Nick has a very low centre of gravity so he has got pretty good balance. This condition helps Nick to do 360 degree spin.

Question 8.
What are the distinct features of this text? List them.
Answer:

1. It is an autobiography.
2. Varied sentences are used.
3. Ideas are arranged in a logical sequence.
4. Emotive and persuasive language is used.
5. Ideas are exemplified very well.
6. Cohesion is found in the text. The sentences are connected with proper linkers.
7. Unity of ideas is maintained for coherence. The sentences are connected in a clear and reasonable way.
8. Certain quotations and examples are given.
9. Proper introduction, development and conclusion are ensured.
10. The ideas are given formally and precisely.
11. As far as the content is concerned, it touches the emotions of a reader.
12. The content is message-oriented.
13. Physical description of the main character is given properly.
14. The main character’s attitudes, likes, dislikes, strengths and weaknesses are given effectively.

Question 9.
What do you learn from the life of Nick Vujicic?
Answer:
Nick Vujicic uses his life story to inspire people of all around the world. From the life of Nick, we learn that if we fail, we should try again and again until we succeed. Nick shows us that anything can be done, if we try hard enough. Undoubtedly, I feel that his life is a source of inspiration to everyone of us. He has been able to do all these because of his faith, hope, perseverance and strong will power. Nick proves that disability need not prevent one from reaching great heights. Hence I learn that we shouldn’t lose our faith and hope under any circumstances.

II. Given below are some of the statements made by Nick Vujicic. Which of these are substantiated by Nick’s life ?

• I realised why God had made us like this – to give hope to others.
• I wanted to concentrate on something good that / had.
• I tell people to keep on getting up when they fall and to always love themselves.
• If I can encourage just one person, then my job in this life is done.

Answer:
I think all the above statements are substantiated by Nick’s life.
i) I realised why God had made us like this – to give hope to others:
When Nick was 13, he read a newspaper article about a disabled man who had managed to achieve great things and help others. Nick was inspired very much by the disabled man mentioned in the article. He got a hope from him. Then he decided to use his life to encourage others and give them hope.

ii) I wanted to concentrate on something good that I had:
Nick was not discouraged with his disability. He knew that he had no arms and legs but he thought that they would never take away the beauty of his eyes. With his positive approach, he thought that his eyes were very good ones for him. He wanted to love his positive qualities such as faith, will power and perseverance. Further, he was quite satisfied with what he had, i.e. a small foot on his left hip. He said he would be lost with it.

iii) I tell people to keep on getting up when they fall and to always love themselves: If Nick fails, he tries again and again until he succeeds. When Nick was learning how to surf, he was terrified at first but later he did very well. Though he has no limbs, he always loves himself. I know this by his statement, “I decided to be thankful for what I do have, not get angry about what I don’t.”

iv) If I can encourage just one person, then my job in this life is done:
This statement was substantiated by Nick aptly. He encouraged many people in the world. He used his life story to inspire others. He made many people realise their inner beauty and personality. He was able to rise many people from the state of despair to the state of great hope.

Vocabulary

I. Look at the list of adjectives in the box. Which of them describe Nick Vujicic. Tick (✓) them.

Answer:

Explanation:

1. positive: hopeful and confident
2. negative: harmful, unpleasant or not wanted
3. optimistic: believing that good things will happen In the future
4. pessimistic: expecting that bad things will happen in the future
5. generous: willing to give money, spend time, etc. in order to help people or give them pleasure
6. nervous: worried or frightened about something
7. confident: sure that something will happen in the way that you want or expect
8. smart: fashionable, clever
9. sociable: friendly and enjoys being with other people
10. cowardly: not at all brave
11. courageous: brave
12. reliable: dependable
13. Independent: confident and able to do things by oneself in ones own way
14. dependent: needing someone or something in order to exist, be successful, be healthy, etc.
15. obedient: always doing what one is told to do
16.  trusting: willing to believe that other people are good and honest
17. valiant: very brave in difficult situation
18. self-centred: paying so much attention to oneself that one doesn’t notice what is happening
19. arrogant: behaving in an unpleasant or rude way
20. sarcastic: saying things that are the opposite of what one means, in order to make an unkind joke
21. quarrelsome: one who quarrels a lot with people
22. rude: not polite and annoys others
23. creative: good at using imagination to make things
24. stubborn: determined not to change one’s mind when people think one is being unreasonable
25. lazy: not making any effort to do anything
26. pompous: trying to seem magnificent or very important; fond of display, acting too proudly, self-important.
27. level-headed: sensible in making judgements

Pick out from the text the examples that support these attributes.

II. Given below are words that describe the positive or negative attitude of a person. Discuss them with your partner and put a tick (✓) against the positive qualities and a cross (✕) against the negative qualities.

Answer:

Explanation:

1. sullen: angry and silent (negative quality)
2. sneaky: doing things in a secret and dishonest way (negative quality)
3. exuberant: happy and full of energy and excitement (positive quality)
4. bossy: always telling other people what to do in a way that is annoying (negative quality)
5. cautious: careful to avoid danger or risk (positive quality)
6. aggressive: behaving in an angry threatening way (negative quality)
7. competitive: determined or trying very hard to he more successful than other people (positive quality)
8. finicky: too concerned with unimportant details and small things that you like or dislike (negative quality)
9. imaginative: good at thinking of new and interesting ideas (positive quality)
10. observant: good or quick at noticing things (positive quality)
11. enthusiastic: showing a lot of interest and excitement about something (positive quality)
12. outgoing: someone who Is outgoing likes to meet and talk to new people (positive quality)
13. haughty: behaving in a proud. unfriendly way (negative quality)
14. intrepid: willing to do dangerous things; fearless, brave (positive quality)
15. malicious: very unkind and cruel and is trying to do harm to others (negative quality)
16. meticulous: very careful about small details and always makes sure that everything is done correctly (positive quality)
17. slovenly: lazy untidy and careless (negative quality)
18. obnoxious: very offensive, unpleasant or rude (negative quality)
19. stingy: not generous. especially with money (negative quality)
20. Idealistic: believing that one should live according to high standards and principles, even when they are very difficult to achieve (positive quality)
21. affable: friendly and easy to talk to (positive quality)
22. logical: reasonable and sensible (positive quality)
23. mean: cruel (negative quality)
24. cultured: intelligent, polite and interested in art, literature, music etc. (positive quality)

III. Tick (✓) the word/expression which is nearest in meaning to the word underlined in each sentence given below.

1. Water sports aren’t Nick’s only thing – he also plays golf with a dub tucked under his chin.
a) kept
b) pulled
c) covered
d) tied
Answer: a

2. His distraught mother couldn’t bring herself to hold him until he was four months old.
a) angry
b) careless
c) shy
d) anxious
Answer: d

3. Despite the risk of bullying, his parents insisted on Nick’s attending mainstream school.
a) discrimination
b) humiliation
c) negligence
d) failure
Answer: b

4. Nick, who was teased and bullied, had an electric wheelchair for mobility, and a team of carers to help him.
a) socialising
b) movement
c) travel
d) safety
Answer: b

5. Nick managed to pull through to become an international symbol of triumph over adversity.
a) disability
b) poverty
c) difficulties
d) opposition
Answer: c

6. The challenges in our lives are there to strengthen our convictions.
a) feelings
b) practices
c) beliefs
d) characters
Answer: c

IV. Read the following descriptions about persons and fill in the blanks with the words that match with these descriptions.

1. Ashok is a very unpleasant and rude fellow. I don’t talk to him. He is ———–.
2. Srinu is very confident, elegant and polite. But sometimes he does not appear to be sincere. He is ———–.
3. Sujatha is quiet and calm. She doesn’t like to spend time with others. She is interested in her thoughts and feelings. So she is an ———–.
4. Ramesh is very sensitive. He always shows sympathy for people who are suffering. He is ———–.
5. My neighbour is such a person that he has a feeling of hatred for others. He desires to hurt others’ feelings. He is ———–.
6. My father pays careful attention to every detail. He makes thorough planning for everything in our home. He is ———–.
7. Prem is an extremely unpleasant person. He always tries to offend people. He is ———–.
8. My mother is very calm and peaceful. She doesn’t get excited or irritated easily. She is ———–.
9. Rahul is a very lively and confident person. He enjoys being with his friends. He is an ———–.
10. Sridhar is always afraid of speaking in the class. He is ———–.
Answers:
1. boorish
2. suave
3. introvert
4. compassionate
5. malicious
6. meticulous
7. obnoxious
8. placid
9. extrovert
10. timid

GRAMMAR

I. Read the text again and identify some more Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses.

1. —————————————————————
2. —————————————————————
3. —————————————————————
4. —————————————————————
5. —————————————————————
Answer:
1. Nick has a small foot, which helps him balance. (Non-defining Relative Clause)
2. Nick, who was born in Melbourne, now lives in Los Angeles. (Non-defining Relative Clause)
3. I read about a disabled man who had managed to achieve great things and help others. (Defining Relative Clause)
4. I decided to give people the courage that the article had given me. (Defining Relative Clause)
5. Nick, who later achieved a degree, says this. (Non-defining Relative Clause)

II. Read the following sentences and circle the Non-defining Relative Clauses and put a comma/a hyphen wherever necessary.

1. The meeting which was held in the town hall was a great success.
2. The people who live in glass houses must not throw stones.
3. The teachers who have taught Abhiram say that he is an exceptionally creative student.
4. Napoleon who won the French honour died at St. Helena.
5. The silk sarees which are made in Banares are popular all over the world.
Answer:
1. The meeting which was held in the town hall was a great success. (Defining Relative Clause)
2. The people who live in glass houses must not throw stones. (Defining Relative Clause)
3. The teachers who have taught Abhiram say that he is an exceptionally creative student. (Defining Relative Clause)
4. Napoleon, who won the French honour, died at St. Helena. (Non-defining Relative Clause)
5. The silk sarees which are made in Benares are popular all over the world. (Defining Relative Clause)

III. Complete the sentences with Defining or Non-defining Relative Clauses.

1. This is the peaceful place __________________________ .
2. The Mahaprasthanam’ is a popular book __________________________ .
3. Suresh ____________________________ has left the school just now.
4. Is this the street _______________________________________________ ?
5. The express __________________________________ has just arrived.
6. The place ___________________________ has been closed to traffic.
7. This is a famous engineering college _____________________________ .
8. My sister_______________ has secured ajob as an engineer in BHEL.
9. The theatre _____________________________ was designed by Mr Rao.
10. Viswanath is one of the outstanding directors in Telugu film industry______________________ .
Answer:
1. This is the peaceful place that is liked by every naturalist.
2. The Mahaprasthanam’ is a popular book which I have bought in Hyderabad.
3. Suresh, who is mv cousin, has left the school just now.
4. Is this the street where meat is sold?
5. The express which runs between Delhi and Chennai has just arrived.
6. The place which is behind our house has been closed to traffic.
7. This is a famous engineering college that is founded by Mr. Yashwanth.
8. My sister, who has completed her education in Bengaluru, has secured a job as an engineer in BHEL.
9. The theatre which was built in 2012 was designed by Mr. Rao.
10. Viswanath is one of the outstanding directors in Telugu film industry which produces a number of creative directors.

WRITING

I. Writing a biographical sketch

A biographical sketch is an account of the life and activities of an individual. It includes information about the person’s name, place of residence, education, occupation, life and activities and other important details. It is written by another person. If a person writes an account of his/her own life, it is called an autobiography.

Given below in the table is the biographical information about Stephen Hawking. Based on this information write a biographical sketch.

Answer:

Biographical Sketch of Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking is one of the greatest scientists of the world. He was born at Oxford in England on 8 January, 1942 to Isobel Hawking and Frank Hawking. He was the eldest of four sons. His father, Frank Hawking, was a medical researcher with a speciality in tropical diseases.

Hawking was recognised as a bright student. But he was not initially successful academically. During his high school years, Stephen stood the third from the bottom of his class.

Hawking used to remain with a close group of friends with whom he enjoyed board games, the manufacture of fireworks, model aeroplanes and boats. With the help of the mathematics teacher, Dickran Tahta, Hawking and his companions built a computer from clock parts, an old telephone switchboard and other recycled components when he was 16. Hawking solved rudimentary mathematical equations.

He married Jane Wilde on 14 July, 1965. The first years after their marriage were hectic. Hawking has achieved many things in the field of science in spite of his prolonged illness. He has been suffering from an incurable disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) which has weakened his muscles since he was 17 years old.

Stephen Hawking is known for his work regarding black holes and for authoring several popular science books. In 1974, Hawking’s research turned him into a celebrity within the scientific world when he showed that black holes are not the information vacuums that scientists had thought they were. In simple terms, Hawking demonstrated that matter, in the form of radiation, can escape the gravitational force of a collapsed star. Thus Hawking Radiation was invented.

As a mark of his eminence, Professor Hawking obtained twelve honorary degrees which he deserved. He was named a Fellow of the Royal Society at the age of 32, and later earned the prestigious Albert Einstein Award. In 1975, Hawking journeyed to Rome, where he was honoured with the Pius XI – Gold Medal for science from Pope Paul VI in 1975.

Attitude is Altitude Summary in English

This is the story of a great person, Nicholas James Nick Vujicic, who stands as an inspiration to other people with his great qualities-faith, will power and perseverance- even though he is a disabled person. His disability has not stopped him from doing what he has wanted to do. Nick Vujicic was born on 4 December 1982 in Melbourne, Australia with a rare disability called Phocomelia characterised by the absence of all four limbs. Despite the absence of his limbs, he plays football and golf, swims and surfs. He is an Australian Christian evangelist and motivational speaker. As a child, he struggled mentally and emotionally as well as physically. It was a shock to Nick’s parents that he was born without limbs. His mother was a nurse and his father was a computer programmer and accountant. His parents did their very best when they decided to send him to mainstream school despite the risk of humiliation.

Nick has a small foot on his left hip. It gives him balance and enables him to kick. With his foot, he writes with a pen and picks things up between his toes. He also plays golf with a heavy stick tucked under his chin. He is a huge fan of the English Premier League. His parents did their best to make him independent from the start. His father gave him the courage to learn how to swim by putting him in water at 18 months. His mother invented a special plastic device to enable him to hold a pen and pencil.

At age eight, Nick was deeply depressed and went to his mother crying. He told her that he wanted to kill himself. When he was ten years old, he decided to end his life by drowning himself in a bathtub but luckily he was unsuccessful in his attempt. When Nick was 13, he was inspired when he read about a disabled man who had managed to achieve great things and helped others. He understood that God had given him the life to give hope to others and so he decided to use his life to encourage other people and give them the courage. He believes that challenges strengthen our opinions. With the help of his religion, friends and family, Nick becomes an international symbol of triumph over adversity. Nick won the Australian Young Citizen of the Year award in 1990 for his bravery and perseverance. His persistence made him achieve a degree in Financial Planning and Real Estate. He went to Hawaii in 2008 and was trained in surfing by Bethany Hamilton. Nick was on the cover of Surfer magazine with his feat of doing the 360 degree spins. He is able to do this feat because of his low centre of gravity.
Nick and Kanae Miyahara, whose mother was a Mexican and father was a Japanese, got married on February 12, 2012 and on February 13, 2013 they were blessed with the birth of a healthy baby boy with full body.

Nick has travelled to over 24 countries speaking to groups of up to 110,000 people. He keeps telling the people to keep on getting up when they fall and to always love themselves. He spreads his messages of faith and hope around the world.

Nick uses his story to inspire and inform people all around the world. Nick presents values, principles, attitudes and perspectives that challenge and equip people from all walks of life to overcome their adversities.

Attitude is Altitude Glossary

stretch (v): to straighten one’s arms, legs or body

wrap (v): put ones arms around something

skateboard (n): a short narrow board with small wheels at each end, which you stand on and ride as a sport

torso (n): the main part of the body, not including the head, arms or legs

surf: to take part in the sport of riding on waves on a surfboard

despite (pre): In spite of

limb (n): an arm or leg

hip (n): one of the two parts on each side of one’s body between the top of one’s leg and one’s waist

chicken drumstick (n): the lower part of the leg of a chicken or other bird that is cooked and eaten as food

faith (n): belief or trust in God

virgin (n): someone who has never had sex

modest (adj): shy about attracting sexual interest

publicist (n): someone whose job is to make sure that people know about a new product, film, book, etc.

club (n): a heavy stick with one end thicker than the other

tuck (v): to put something into a space

distraught (adj): so upset and worried

bully (v): to threaten to hurt someone or frighten them

bullying (n): humiliation

carer (n): someone who looks alter an old or ill person at home

wall-mounted (adj): attached to a wall

pump-action (adj): a pump-action piece of equipment is operated by pulling or pressing a part in or out. so that the contents come out in short bursts

drown (v): to die from being under water for too long time

lack: to not have something that one needs

triumph (n): an important success or victory

adversity (n): a difficulty or unpleasant situation

Inspirational (adj): providing encouragement or new ideas for what one should do

conviction (n): a very strong belief or opinion

run over (phr.v.): to hit someone or something with something (a vehicle, challenge, etc.) and drive over them

perseverance (n): the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties

give somebody the eye (n.phrase): to look at someone in a way that shows one thinks they are sexually attractive

freak out (phr.v.): make someone very anxious. upset or afraid

amazing (adj): (here) very good

spin (n): an act of turning around quickly

centre of gravity (n.phrase): the point in any object on which it can balance

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 3C What is My Name? Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 3C What is My Name?

10th Class English Chapter 3C What is My Name? Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What made Mrs. Murthy so restless to know her name?
Answer:
In her scrubbing zeal, Mrs. Murthy had forgotten her name. At once she felt that she had lost her own identity. She had lost her self-respect. That made her so restless to know her name.

Question 2.
How did Mrs. Murthy’s husband look upon her desire to know her name?
Answer:
Mrs. Murthy’s husband laughed at her when she asked him about her name. He did not take it seriously. He wanted her to be called by his name ‘Mrs. Murthy’. He did not give any importance to her feelings.

Question 3.
Do you notice any change in Mrs.Murthy in the first picture and Sarada in the second picture?
Answer:
Yes. I have found a lot of difference in her being Mrs. Murthy and her being Sarada. After she got her name back she got her confidence back. After she recollected her name she felt like a real person because she got her identity and self-respect back. When she was a housewife she was different, and after she has remembered her name she has become flamboyant.

Question 4.
Do you find any similarities between Mrs.Murthy and the women in your family? If yes, list them.
Answer:
Yes. There are so many similarities between Sarada and the members of our family. Not only in our family but almost in all families we can find a woman like Sarada because she is a representative of women of any class of Indian society who are always confined to domestic work like cleaning floors, washing clothes, cooking, and looking after her children, her husband, and other family members.

Question 5.
Why do you think the writer decided to focus on the question of married women’s identity?
Answer:
The writer decided to focus on the question of married women’s identity because she wanted them to live with their own identity and self-respect. She did not want them to confine to their homes. She wanted them to be given equal rights, equal respect. She wanted that they should also assume some responsibility in nation building activity.

Question 6.
Do you really think a woman can forget her name? What do you think is the intention of the author here?
Answer:
No. I don’t think any woman can forget her own name. The intention of the author is that the women should be respected and should not be confined to the domestic work. She feels that women should not lose their own identity.

Question 7.
Which part of the story shows that Mrs. Murthy feels her identity restored?
Answer:
In the last part of the story, when she returned to her husband’s house Mrs. Murthy feels her identity restored. It is clear from her words “…. from now onwards don’t call me yemoi, geemoi. My name is Sarada – call me Sarada, understood ?”

Writing

I. Translation

Read the following news item in Telugu and compare it with its translation in English given after that.

The following is the translated version of the above Telugu news item.
Centre’s Nod to Kasturi Rangan Committee Recommendations on Western Ghats

NEW DELHI :
The Ministry of Environment has accepted the report made by the Kasturi Rangan Committee on the conservation of Western Ghats. The committee, in its recommendations, made it clear that no further development activities be undertaken in the Western Ghats spread across the 60 thousand square kilometers in six states. The committee was appointed by the Union Government and headed by Kasturi Rangan to suggest measures to conserve the rarest ecosystem of the Western Ghat forests. The committee submitted its Report on 15th of April. The Ministry of Environ¬ment , after taking opinions of the six state governments and the people of the states, accepted the recommendations. The Western Ghats extend in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu states.

Let’s think of the following :

Question 1.
Do you think that translation is just translation of language ? Or does it also include translation of ideas?
Answer:
No. I don’t think that translation is just a translation of language. It includes linguistic, pragmatic and cultural elements. A literary translation must reflect the imaginative intellectual and intuitive writing of the author. Literary translation must reflect all the literary features of the source text such as sound effects, selection of words, figures of speech, etc.

Question 2.
Which translation is better, true translation or free translation?
Answer:
True translation is a dynamic equivalent translation which focuses on creating an equivalent effect in the target languagae.

Free translation is a formal equivalent translation in which the form and content of the originaUmessage is to be preserved. Of these two types of translations, true translation is better. Since true translation yields in the equivalent effect and it conveys the message of the original to the receptor audience and are equivalent to the original text in a dynamic way, true translation is better.

Question 3.
Do you find any change in the order of the sentence? For e.g : We have Subject, Verb,Object in English but the order is Subject, Object, Verb in Telugu.
Answer:
Not only the structure of the sentence but the diction and style and the order of arrangement of phrases also changes from Telugu to English.
Languages have different pragmatic linguistic structures and norms transferring the norms of one language may well lead to pragmatic failure.

Question 4.
Do you think sometimes it creates problems in the choice of vocabulary while attempting to translate a text?
Answer:
Translation should implicate accurate meaning. It may be problematic for translators. Wrong choice of words may cause ambiguity. While choosing the apt words for translating a text the translator should consider the situationality, intentionality and acceptability.

Question 5.
Is it possible to translate a poem from one language to the other?
Answer:
No. Poetry is not possible to translate because no poem means just one thing. It is very difficult to translate a poem into another language because we may not be aware of many of the possible meanings of the poem.

Question 6.
Is it necessary to take cultural aspects into consideration?
Answer:
Yes. It is necessary to take cultural aspects into consideration while translating. Because translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. There may be cultural difference between the source text and the target text.

The lesson, “What Is My Name?” is a translated version in English from Telugu.The following is a part of the Telugu version of the lesson. Read the Telugu version and observe how it was translated into English.

Activities :

Question 1.
Is this a good translation? Yes or no? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes. This is a good translation because this translation is a formal equivalent to the original text in the form and the content. It is a good translation because it reflected the imaginative intellectual and intuitive writing to the author. But we have found some difficulties in the structure of the sentences, in diction and style.

Question 2.
Now translate the Telugu version on this page into English and list the difficulties you face.
Answer:
A young woman, before she became a housewife had been an educated, cultured, intelligent, capable, and quick-witted with a sense of humour and elegance.

A young man, who liked her beauty and intelligence and was attracted by the dowry offered by her father, tied the three sacred knots around her neck and made her a housewife. After making her his housewife he told her, “Look Ammadu. This house is yours”. On hearing his words the housewife at once pulled the edge of her sari and tucked it in at the waist and swabbed the entire house and decorated the floor with rangoli designs. On seeing this that young man praised her promptly by saying “Ammadu ! You are dexterous in swabbing floors and even more adept in drawing the muggulu. Sabash Keep it up.” He said it in English, giving her a pat on the shoulder in appreciation.

Overjoyed with this, the housewife continued to live with swabbing as the chief mission of her life. Always she used to scrub the floor spotlessly and decorate it with beautiful multi-coloured rangoli designs. Thus her life went on with a sumptuous and ceaseless supply of swabbing cloths and muggu baskets.

But one day while scrubbing the floor, the housewife suddenly asked herself, “What is my name?”. The query shook her up. Leaving the mopping cloth and the muggu basket there itself, she stood near the window scratching her head, lost in thoughts.

“What is my name ? What is my name ?”. The house across the street carried a name-board, Mrs. M. Suhasini, M.A., Ph.D., Principal, ‘X’ College. Yes, she too had a name as her neighbour did. “How could I forget like that? In my scrubbing zeal I have forgotten my name — what shall I do now?” The housewife was perturbed. Her mind became totally restless. Somehow she finished her daubing for the day.

Meanwhile, the maidservant came there. Hoping that at least she would remember her name, the housewife asked her, “Look ammayi, do you know my name ?”

Question 3.
Translate the following extract from the story into Telugu and compare it with the original story in Telugu. (Refer to teacher’s handbook for Telugu version.)
‘Sarada! My dear Sarada!’ she shouted and embraced her. The housewife felt like a person — totally parched and dried up, about to die of thirst — getting a drink of cool water from the new earthen kooja poured into her mouth with a spoon and given thus a new life.The friend did indeed give her a new life — ‘You are Sarada. You came first in our school in the tenth class. You came first in the music competition conducted by the college. You used to paint good pictures too. We were ten friends altogether — I meet all of them some time or other. We write letters to each other. Only you have gone out of our reach! Tell me why you are living incognito?’ her friend confronted her.
Answer:

Project Work

I. Influence of technical gadgets on human relations.
Visit five houses in your neighbourhood and collect the information in the given format related to human relations, i.e. spending quality time with the members of the family and friends, sharing and caring. Analyse the information and write a report by adding your opinion on how the modern gadgets are influencing human relations and present it before the class.

Family-1 (House-1) (Raja Rao’s Family)

Family-2 (House-2) (Rama Rao’s Family)

Family-3 (House-3) (Venkat’s Family)

Family-4 (House-4) (Nageswara Rao’s Family)

Family-5 (House-5) (Bhaskar’s Family)

We all know very well that electronic gadgets such as TVs, Mobile phones, Computers occupy a major place in our day-to-day lives. Though these gadgets have their own advantages, they also have a negative influence on the human relationships. They play a vital role in our lives today. Most of us are addicted to them. There are hundreds of channels which are viewed on TV by us. We start watching TV programmes from a very early time in the morning till midnight. Thus we don’t have any time to talk to our near and dear. In the same way, mobile phones too have advantages as well as disadvantages. Most of the children and youth are spending all their time in using their mobile phones. They talk, watch movies, listen to music, play games on their mobile phones. When they engage in using their mobile phones, how can they find time to spend with their family members? Today, computers have become indispensable to each one of us.

In most of the families, we find a complete different situation in managing human relationships before and after the accessibility of the electronic gadgets. Before the accessibility of these modern gadgets, people share most of their time to spend with their family members. They take care of all the family members. They try to share their feelings with their famiy members. They often visit their friends. Their relationships with their family members and friends are very cordial. They find a lot of time to do all the things leisurely. Thus family relations are hectic. They show love and affection for their family members. They find time to play with their friends. They help their family members in all the matters.

After the accessibility of the modern gadgets, they try to spend all their time in using them only. They spend with them hours together. They don’t find time to spend with their family members. They don’t visit their friends very often. They don’t care for their family members. They give importance to the gadgets only. They become mechanical. They don’t have any affection for their family members. They don’t understand the warmth of relationship. They don’t know how much they are missing the joyous family interaction. They should understand that no artificial media can substitute their family’s warmth and interaction. They should give importance to human relationships.

II. Nowadays, we can easily find children even as young as two years old playing with electronic devices and gadgets anywhere. It is not only the video games that make children stay, it also includes television, mobile phones, computers, tablet computers, PSP (Play Station Portable) games, etc. Parents may find it easier to make their children stay in one place by giving them a gadget to play with.

Work in groups and discuss the following:

Ways of managing children’s electronic devices consumption and preventing
Answer:
Group 1 :
The parents should make their children know the bad effects of spending more time with electronic devices.

Group 2:
The parents should monitor their children’s media consumption – television, mobile phones, computers, tablet computers, PSP games, etc.

Group 3 :
The parents should make their children aware about the advantages of playing games, doing exercises and yoga instead of their spending more time with electronic devices.

Group 4 :
The parents should stop themselves from using the electronic gadgets for longer times. Thus they can set an example for their children.

Group 5 :
The parents should make their children aware about the health problems that would arise with spending longer times with electronic gadgets.

Group 6 :
The parents should share thier feelings with their children. They should discuss with them the ill effects of the games they play. They should try to move closer to their children.

Sum up:
Today most of the children are addicted to the modern gadgets such as television, mobile phones, computers, tablet computers, PSP games, etc. These all become an integral part of children’s lives. Today children are heavily exposed to media. Parents may find it easier to make their children stay in one place by giving them a gadget to play with. The parents should watch carefully what their children are doing with the gadgets and how they are using it. They should prevent their children’s addiction to games. They should find ways to manage their children’s electronic device consumption.

They should make their children know the bad effects of spending more time with electronic devices. They should monitor their children’s media consumption. They should make them play games and do exercise and yoga. The parents should stop themselves from using the electronic gadgets and stand as an example to their children. They should share their feelings with their children. They should try to move closer to their children.

Thus, parents can manage their children’s electronic device consumption and prevent their addiction to games.

What is My Name? Summary in English

Sarada, before she got married, was a well-educated and cultured young woman. She was intelligent, capable, quick-witted and she had a sense of humour and elegance. She used to stand first in her class. She was good at music and dance. She used to paint good pictures.

Falling to her beauty, and intelligence and attracted by the dowry her father offered, a young man married her. Later he showed his house and told her that it was her house. Immediately she began to swab the floors and decorated the floor with rangoli designs. On seeing this, her husband praised that she was dexterous at swabbing the floor. Overjoyed by his applause, Sarada began living with swabbing as a mission of her life. Thus, her life went on scrubbing the house spotlessly and decorating the house with multi-coloured designs. In her scrubbing zeal she had forgotten her name. One day she tried to recollect what her name was. But she could not. She became restless. She asked her maid servant, her neighbours, her husband, and her children about her name. But they all told the name by which they used to call her by using their relation. Her husband laughed and did not take it seriously.

Finally the housewife decided to go to her parents’ house and look for her name in her certificates. But her certificates were kept on the attic. Meanwhile she met her classmate. She called the housewife by her name ‘Sarada’. At once Sarada felt like a person. Because our name gives us our personal identity and self-respect. Our name is our own- unique to us.

Here the author wants to tell that every woman has her own responsibility in nation-building. Women should be given equal rights with men. Women should not be confined to the four walls of the house. She should be let free. She can reach to the heights of sky. She can ascend to the pinnacles of any success and thus she can make any nation greater and stronger.

What is My Name? Glossary

quick-witted (adj) : intelligent; able to think quickly

elegance (n) : a satisfying or admirable neatness; ingenious simplicity or precision in something

dowry (n) : money and property paid by a bride’s family to the bridegroom at the time of marriage

swab (v) : clean

dexterous (adj) : skilful

appreciation (n) : recognizing and enjoying the good qualities of somebody or something

sumptuous (adj) : luxurious, splendid

cease (v) : stop

ceaseless (adj) : continuous

zeal (n) : great energy and enthusiasm

mopping (v) : cleaning/washing

perturb (v) : bother/disturb/trouble

daubing (n) : the act of spreading a substance such as mud thickly

take somebody aback : to shock or surprise somebody very much

immerse (v) : absorb oneself in something

urge (v) : to try hard to persuade

giggling (v) : laughing nervously

anguish (n) : severe pain, unhappiness

frantically (adv) : worriedly/anxiously

chore (n) : a task that you do regularly

attic (n) : a room or space just below the roof of a house often used for storing things ; loft

wail (v) : to make a long loud cry

maternity home (n) : hospital for deliveries

parch (v) : dehydrate

incognito (adv) : having a concealed identity

fish (v) : search

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2A The Dear Departed Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 2A The Dear Departed Part 1

10th Class English Chapter 2A The Dear Departed Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the pictures and answer the questions.

Question 1.
What do you understand from the picture?
Answer:
The rat is pointing a pistol at the cat and intimidating him. I understand that it is a funny picture. One can easily open one’s lips without knowing to smile on seeing this unusual picture.

Question 2.
Can you recall anything comic associated with these animals?
Answer:
The most popular comic Tom and Jerry’ is associated with them.
‘Tom and Jerry’ is a series of animated cartoon films. We find humour with the rivalry between a cat (Tom) and a mouse (Jerry), Tom’s chasing Jerry and slapstick scenes. “Tom’s making numerous attempts to capture Jerry which leads to destruction” – it creates fun. The scenes such as slicing Tom in half, shutting his head in a window or a door, stuffing Tom’s tail in a mangle, kicking him into a refrigerator, plugging his tail into an electric socket, sticking matches into his feet and lighting them, etc. amuse all the viewers.

(Or)
Yes. I can recall an incident which happened a long time ago in my old house. We used to see many mice in our old house because we stored paddy bags in the house. One day our pet cat jumped on a little mouse which was eating the paddy grains. The little mouse began running. Our cat ran after it. The funny thing was that the mouse did not run away from the place. It began running around the paddy bags. After some time both the cat and the mouse stopped running as they were tired much. At that stage 1 interfered and drove the cat away to save the life of the rat.

Question 3.
Can you imagine, what may be the conversation between the rat and the cat?
Answer:
Conversation between the rat and the cat:
Rat : Hands up!
Cat : Don’t shoot me. I will not eat you.
Rat : No, I don’t believe you. You are cruel.
Cat : Believe me. I decided not to eat rats.
Rat : I don’t believe you. You ran after me yesterday, didn’t you?
Cat : Yes. But not to kill you.
Rat : Then, why?
Cat : I just wanted to tell that I would not kill you thereafter.
Well, how did you get the pistol?
Rat : I stole it from the owner of the house last night.
Cat : Ok. Do you know how to shoot with it?
Rat : I will not tell you.
Cat : Ok. Bye.
Rat : Bye.

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What qualities of Mrs. Slater have you noticed?
Answer:
Mrs. Slater is unscrupulous, greedy, deceitful, dishonest, selfish, impolite and insensitive. She unfairly claims her father s things. This shows her unscrupulous and dishonest manner. She has shifted her father’s bureau and clock from his room before her sister’s arrival. Hence 1 can say Mrs. Slater is greedy. She wants to deceive her sister by pinching their father’s things. 1 can say that she is impolite and insensitive as she doesn’t even wait for her father s funeral and has started dividing things between them (the two sisters).

Question 2.
Why does Mrs. Slater decide to shift the bureau from her father’s room before the arrival of the Jordans? How does Henry react to the suggestion?
Answer:
Mrs. Slater wants to own her father’s bureau as he likes it very much. After her father’s death, she decides to shift the bureau to sitting room before the arrival of the Jordans. She thinks that her sister will lay a claim to it. At first, Henry is shocked at her decision. He feels that the two sisters should amicably divide their father’s things. Henry suggests her that it is not a good thing pinching her father’s things in an unfair way. Moreover, Henry is worried about the arrival of the Jordans while they are shifting the bureau.

Question 3.
Why do the Jordans take a long time to get to the house of the Slaters? What does it show about the two sisters’ attitude towards each other?
Answer:
I think the Jordans are late as they have bought mourning dresses to wear before they come to Slater’s house. They are not sorrowful at their father’s death but they are worried about their appearances and how they can come out to each other. In their relationship, we don’t find any kind of emotions and sisterly love.

Question 4.
Ben appreciates his father-in-law saying, ‘It’s a good thing he did’. Later, he calls him a ‘drunken old beggar’. Why does he change his opinion about his father-in-law?
Answer:
Ben appreciates his father-in-law saying it’s a good thing he did’ when he comes to know from Mrs. Slater that the old man has gone out to pay his insurance premium on the day of his death. Later, he comes to know that he has not paid the premium and therefore calls him a drunken old beggar’. Ben has changed his opinion about his father-in-law when be realises that he hasn’t paid premium because, now after his death, they can t claim the insurance company.

Question 5.
What made Mr.Henry feel shocked to hear Victoria say ‘Are you planning to pinch it ?’?
Answer:
When Victoria asked Slaters “Are you planning to pinch it ?”, Mr. Henry felt shocked. He thought that Victoria was innocent. But when she asked him the above question, Mr. Henry came to know that Victoria had wisdom beyond her age. He actually didn’t expect that question from his little daughter.He came to know that she was a precocious girl and had the ability to distinguish between good and bad.

The Dear Departed Part 1 Summary in English

The one-act play “The Dear Departed” by William Stanley Houghton is a satirical play that explores family relationships and the falsehood and hypocrisy and greed that often lie beneath it. The story exposes the sad fact that human beings often become dehumanized in the face of greed and minor material gains. This play satirizes the degradation of moral values in respect and care within the members of the family itself. This story clearly reveals how elderly people are mistreated. Stanley Houghton uses various literary devices to criticize basic human characteristics in his play. He uses irony, sarcasm, humour and a twist in the plot to criticize human traits. He tries to bring out the qualities of the two daughters called Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan towards their father. He tries to show how the sisters are interested in the property of their father rather than to show true care and affection towards their father.

The story begins with Mrs. Slater telling her daughter, Victoria to change her dress before the arrival of her sister (Slater’s sister) Elizabeth and Elizabeth’s husband, Ben. Mrs. Slater’s husband, Henry has sent them a telegram with the message of the death of his father-in-law and Elizabeth and Ben are coming to talk over the old man’s affairs. Henry wonders if they would come at all because Elizabeth has said that she would never set foot in their house again. But Mrs. Slater says that her sister will come fast enough after her share of what their father has left. Mrs. Slater asks her husband to wear the new slippers of her father. She also suggests that they should replace their shabby old chest of drawers with the valuable bureau of her father which is in his bedroom. He agrees to do it after some hesitation. Mrs. Slater wants to do it before their arrival.

Mrs. Slater fastens the door and she and her husband carry the old chest of drawers upstairs. Henry is shocked when Victoria asks him if they are pinching grandpa’s bureau. He replies that grandpa has given it to her mother before his death. Mrs. Slater carries a handsome clock and puts it on the mantelpiece. Mrs. Slater and her husband carry the pretty old-fashioned bureau downstairs and put it in the place of the chest of drawers. At the same time Victoria ushers in Mrs. Jordan and Ben. Mrs. Jordan goes straight to Mrs. Slater and kisses her and the men shake hands. Mrs. Jordan remarks that their father has gone at last. Mrs. Slater replies that he is seventy-two a fortnight the previous Sunday. She tells them that the old man has been merry that morning and has gone out to pay his insurance. Ben and Mrs. Jordan remark that it is a good thing on his part.

According to Mrs. Slater, their father is found dead when she takes up a bit of something for him on tray.
Ben and Mrs. Jordan don’t want to look at the old man ; they prefer to have tea and so Mrs. Slater gets tea ready. They think of publishing the announcement of the death of the old man in the papers. Then they decide to look through the old man’s things and make a list of them. Mrs. Jordan tells that the old man has promised his gold watch to their Jimmy. Then Victoria tells them that grandpa hasn’t paid his insurance. Ben calls him “the drunken old beggar”. Both the sisters complain that they have to put up with their father for all those years. Then Mrs. Slater asks Victoria to go and bring the bunch of keys from grandpa’s room. Victoria is afraid to go but she does. After some time, she gets back very scared and tells them that grandpa is getting up. They are transfixed with amazement. The vigorous and well coloured old man Abel Merry weather comes in.

The Dear Departed Part 1 Glossary

lay (v): (here) to put the cloth, plates, knives, forks etc. on a table, ready for a meal

vigorous (adj): using a lot of energy and strength or determination

plump (adj): slightly fat in a fairly pleasant way

vulgar adj): rude and offensive

get her own way (idiom): persuade other people to allow you to do what you want

D’ye: Do you (used in awkward situations)

amazed (adj): very surprised

ages (n): long time

stooping (adj): bent towards and down

drooping (adj): hanging or bending down

come after (phr.v.): to look for someone to get something from them

worn out (adj): too old or damaged to be used

break down (phr.v.): stop working in a successful way

trifle (n): something unimportant or not valuable

precocious (adj): Intelligent/gifted/talented

bureau (n): a writing desk with drawers

drive a liard bargain (idiom): work hard to negotiate agreements in on&s own favour

startled (v): made someone suddenly surprised or slightly shocked

stupefied (adj): so surprised, tired or bored thai one cant think clearly

daft (adj): stupid/silly

shabby (adj): untidy and bad

fasten (v): to firmly close a window, door etc. so that it will not open

pinch (w): steal

mantelpiece (n): a shelf projecting from the wail over the fireplace

usher (v): lead/show the way/welcome

appeal: be attractive

stagger (v): to walk or move unsteadily, almost falling over

complacent (adj): sell-satisfied/unconcerned

mourning (n): feeling of sadness to miss someone after they have died

fortnight (n): two weeks

chirpily (adv): cheerfully and actively

snug (adj): warm and comfortable

wipe (v): to rub a surface with something in order to remove liquid, dirt, etc.

look through (phr.v.): look for something

overdue (adj): not paid by the expected time

annoy (v): to make someone feel slightly angry and unhappy about something

put up with (phr.v.): to accept an unpleasant situation or person without complaining

swindling (v): cheating somebody for property or money

reluctantly (adv): unwillingly

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 3A The Journey Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 3A The Journey

10th Class English Chapter 3A The Journey Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the picture and read the following excerpt from the diary of a 72-year-old man. Answer the questions that follow.

As I sit here alone and waiting
I gaze at people passing me by.
I try to smile and reach out to them
But no one notices; no one waits.
They look to me like I am nothing
Are they afraid to be seen saying “Hi”
to an old man like me?

Question 1.
What is the excerpt about?
Answer:
The excerpt is about an old man’s inner feelings. He feels sorry for himself. Through this excerpt, he tries to tell the readers about his pathetic condition. He feels that he is totally neglected.

Question 2.
How do people respond to the old man’s smile?
Answer:
When the old man tries to smile and reach out to others, no one notices and no one waits. They look to him like he is nothing. The old man feels that they are afraid to be seen saying “Hi” to an old man like him.

Question 3.
How should old people be treated so that they do not feel neglected?
Answer:
The old people should be treated equally. They should be respected and treated with honour. They should not be bullied or laughed at. We should share our feelings with them. We should give value to their feelings. We should obey them and try to follow their pieces of advice. If we treat the old people as mentioned above, they don’t feel neglected.

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
‘After spending a leisurely Sunday at home, the very thought of returning to work on Monday is tiring.’ Do you agree? Have you ever felt so?
Answer:
Yes, 1 agree to the above statement. After spending a leisurely holiday at home, the very thought of returning to work on the next day is tiring to anyone. I have felt so many a time. I felt so after Dussehra holidays, Pongal holidays and summer vacation previously. It would be a difficult day for me going to school on the very first day after the holidays are over.

Question 2.
The last sentence of the first paragraph and the first sentence of the second paragraph appear to contradict each other. What could be the reason for the change in the decision?
Answer:
The last sentence of the first paragraph says that the author didn’t want to go but the first sentence of the second paragraph says that the author decided to go finally. Both the sentences contradict each other. At first he didn’t want to go as he had got married. He didn’t want to leave behind his newly-wed wife. But, when he remembered his increased responsibilities because of his marriage and his debts, he decided to return to work.

Question 3.
‘Why did the author get into debt? Think of some possible reasons.
Answer:
The author felt that he had got into debt after his marriage.
The possible reasons are :
i) The author might have met his marriage expenses.
ii) He spent leisurely at home for about six months without going to work.
iii) The increased expenses for the new couple.
iv) The author might have bought new furniture.
v) He might have bought a new flat.
vi) He might have bought a number of sarees for his newly-wed wife.
vii) He might have spent money carelessly.
viii) He might have given money to his old parents.

Question 4.
Why was the author reluctant to carry his own luggage? What would you do if you were in the author’s place?
Answer:
The author was reluctant to carry his own luggage as he had the feeling that if he carried the luggage, the whole world would laugh at him. He thought that his education had made him shun physical labour. In fact, the author looked for someone’s help. He felt that his guilt, shame, self-consciousness and pride might have stopped him from carrying the luggage. If I were in the author’s place, I would not do like he did. I would myself carry the luggage without looking for others’ help.

Question 5.
The author feared that the whole world would laugh at him if he carried the trunk. Was the fear imaginary or real? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The author feared that the whole world would laugh at him if he carried the trunk. I think his fear was imaginary. No one laughs at us when we do our work. In fact, carrying the trunk should not have been such a worry for him. For a young man like the author it should not have been an issue to carry his luggage on his back. Actually the others will praise his modesty, if he carries his luggage himself.

Question 6.
Choose one sentence from the story that best expresses the author’s false prestige. Support your answer with details from the story.
Answer:
“Somehow, I had the feeling that if 1 carried the luggage, my father and my people, in fact the whole world would laugh at me and I would be belittled,” – this sentence expresses the author’s false prestige. He thought that his education had made him avoid physical labour. As a government officer, he didn’t accept the idea of people seeing him carry his own luggage. He was of the opinion that it was through him that his parents had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from the villagers. He felt that his father would not like to see him carrying a trunk on his back and would be very hurt if he did so. These are all the facts which show the author’s false prestige.

Question 7.
What does the phrase ‘opposite directions’ in the last sentence suggest?
Answer:
When the bus started moving, the author saw his father gradually receding into the distance. The author felt that their journeys started in two opposite directions, with him seated in the luxurious seat of a bus and father walking back with tired legs on the pebble-strewn road. The phrase ‘opposite directions’ suggests that both their directions were different. Actually, the son and the father had to travel in opposite directions to reach their destinations. In the other sense, the writer’s way was a luxurious one as he was an educated one and a government officer. He didn’t need to lead such a hard and laborious life like his father used to lead. When compared with his life, his father’s life was much harder one.

Question 8.
How was the story told? Were the events narrated in the order in which they had happened? Spot the sentences where the course of narration changed its direc¬tions. How effective was it?
Answer:
‘The Journey’ is a beautiful narrative by Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi. Most of the events were narrated in the order in which they had happened. Here and there we find that the narration changed its directions.
The sentences where the course of narration changed its directions:
a) “I did not have much to carry byway of luggage – just a trunk. Ours is a hilly terrain
Here the author tried to give the reason. Then he explained the purpose of his coming to his place. Thus, the course of narration was changed.
b) “Nobody had time to spare for me. In fact, carrying the trunk should not have been such a worry”
The course of narration was changed after the first sentence when the author tried to tell us about his inner feelings.
c) “We were walking up a narrow hilly road and neither of us uttered a word as if we were strangers who spoke different languages. I did not know what was going on in his mind.”
When we observe the two sentences given above, the first one changed its direc¬tion when the author tried to present his thoughts.
d) “Father wanted to say something but the bus started moving.” Later the narrative was changed its course when the author tried to think about his way in comparison with his father’s.
A reader could understand very well about the author’s inner thoughts by this way of narration. He too would try to think in his own way imagining that if he were in the author’s place. Thus it was effective in provoking the thoughts.

II. Write the number of the paragraph that gives the stated information in each of the following sentences.

1. The author enjoyed his married life.
Answer:
Paragraph 1 (The first paragraph)

2. The author tried to convince himself that he had not done anything wrong.
Answer:
Paragraph 11.

3. The author was ashamed of making his father carry his trunk.
Answer:
Paragraph 10.

4. The author looks at himself and his father as two travellers taking two different roads.
Answer:
Paragraph 16 (The last paragraph).

III. The following statements are false. Correct them.

1. The author offered to carry the trunk for some time.
2. The author could decide on whether to allow his father to carry the trunk or not.
3. The author took unpaid leave.
4. The father was not happy with the old shoes his son gave him.
Answer:
Corrections:

1. The author didn’t carry the trunk at all throughout the story. His father carried it all the way.
2. The author decided that it would be better to let his father carry the trunk.
3. The author initially thought of taking unpaid leave but later he decided against it.
4. The father was happy with the old shoes his son gave him. His face lit up with content-ment when he noticed the author taking out his pair of shoes from the trunk.

Vocabulary

I. Look at these words from the story :

1. newly-wed wife
2. bus stop
3. forehead

They are all compound words. A compound word is a union of two or more words to convey a unit idea or special meaning that is not as clearly or quickly conveyed by separated words. As shown above, compound words may be hyphenated, written open (as separate words), or written solid (closed). The use of compounding in English is an evolving process. As expressions become more popular or adopt special meanings, they follow a gradual evolution from two or more separate or hyphenated words to single words.

The words in the first, second and third columns are called ‘open compounds’, ‘hyphenated compounds’ and ‘closed compounds’ respectively. In this unit we focus on hyphenated compounds.

A hyphenated compound is a combination of words joined by a hyphen or hyphens. Here, the hyphen aids understanding and readability and ensures correct pronunciation. Words are hyphenated mainly to express the idea of a unit and to avoid ambiguity.

A. Pick out all the compound words from the story and group them under the head-ings as explained above.

B. Fill in the blanks to make hyphenated compound words. Refer to a dictionary and get the meaning. Write a few sentences using them appropriately.

Own Sentences:
1. a) He can easily lift a 20-kilo chest.
b) My father gave me a 20-rupee note.
c) We ordered a 20-inch cake tin and it has just been delivered.

2. a) Mr. Prakash came to his native place along with his newly-wedded wife.
b) The newly-formed association held an important meeting yesterday.
c) Theirs is a newly-constructed building.
d) The scientists declared that it was a newly-discovered particle-
e) The CM has visited the flood-hit area.

3. a) They served the home-made wine in the party.
b) The officials listed out the flood-hit villages.
c) I have to walk over pebble-strewn road to reach the temple.
d) They are kind-hearted people; they have made their contribution in building this hospital.
e) Mr. Rajan is a well-mannered man; he always tries to be friendly with others.

4. a) Mr. Ravi Teja was offered a white-collar job.
b) Mr. Bharat is a pink-card holder, who is eligible to take all the fair-price goods.
c) Yesterday, they formed a new-trade union.

C. Fill in the blanks with the missing parts of compound words.

Kedarnath lived in Uttarakhand. Due to heavy rains, his village was hit by floods. His newly ____(1) ____ house fell down and he became ______(2)_____ less. The Chief Minister visited all the _____ (3) ____ hit villages and announced immediate help. However, Kedarnath lost his self ____(4) ____ and tried to commit suicide by jumping into the flooded river. Some brave and ____(5) ____ hearted people rescued him risking their lives. They told their stories too. Someone had lost his ____(6) ____ wedded wife, and someone else had lost all his family members. One of them offered him a ____(7) ____ collar job. It required him to carry rice bags. But he could not carry even a 20 ____(8) ____ bag, so he asked for a ____(9) ____ job. But no such jobs were available. One of them suggested ____(10) ____ employment scheme. But Kedarnath had no money. One day as he was walking on the pebble ____(11) ____ road, he found some ____(12) ____ plated idols and jewellery in a box.
Answer:

1. built (newly-built)
2. home (homeless)
3. flood (flood-hit)
4. confidence (self-confidence)
5. kind (kind-hearted)
6. newly (newly-wedded)
7. blue (blue-collar)
8. kilo (20-kilo)
9. white-collar
10. self (self-employment)
11. strewn (pebble-strewn)
12. gold (gold-plated)

II. Look at the word ‘dilly-dally from the text. This is a reduplicative word. The words super-duper and bye bye are also reduplicative words. But they belong to different categories shown below:
1. Duplicative type :
Here, the first part of the word is repeated without any change.
e.g.: bye bye

2. Alliterative type :
Here, the two parts have the same consonants but different vowels.
e.g. : dilly-dally, chit-chat

3. Rhyming type :
Here, the second word starts with a different consonant but rhymes with the first part.
e.g. : super-duper

A. Look at the following reduplicatives carefully and put them under proper headings in the table given below.

Answer:

Reduplicatives are used in a variety of ways. Some simply imitate sounds: ding- dong, bow-wow. Some suggest alternative movements: flip-flop, ping-pong. And some intensify meaning: teeny-weeny(very small), tip-top(very good).

Find the meanings of the words you like and use them in your own sentences. You will find similar words in your language too. For example, in Telugu, we have words like chi-chi, pho-pho, kaadu-kaadu, tara-tama, taado-pedo, pilla-jella, auto-ito. Give some examples from your language. Don’t they sound musical?

Reduplicative Words in Telugu

B. Answer each of the following questions using a reduplicative word.

1. What does the clock say? ____________________
2. What does the school bell say? ____________________
3. How does the rain drop? ____________________
4. What does the dog say? ____________________
5. How do you laugh? ____________________
Answer:

1. tick-tock
2. ding-dong
3. pitter-patter
4. bow-wow
5. ha ha

Grammar

I. In this story the author used past perfect tense (had + past participle) in many sentences. If you observe the following sentences from the story and the rules given under them, you will understand why and how the past perfect tense is used.’

1. It was 10.20 My father had already left, (para 6)
Answer:
When an action takes place before a point of time in the past, the action is expressed in the past perfect tense. (Sometimes the point of time can be understood from the earlier sentences and other contextual clues.)

2. Finally we reached Dirang. The bus from Tawang had not yet reached Dirang. (para 11)
Answer:
When two actions in the past are clearly separated by time, the earlier action is expressed in the past perfect tense.

3. I quickly sat down on a rock. My father laughed at my plight, (para 7)
Answer:
When two actions in the past happen simultaneously, both of them are expressed in the past tense.

4. a) Sunitha never saw a bear before she was transferred to Maredumilli. (not from the story)
b) Shindh closed the doors because she heard loud noises from outside.
c) I never met him after I left India.
Answer:
Normally, when the time relation is unambiguous, (by the use of before, after, because, etc.), the simple past (past perfect is optional) is used to refer to both past actions.

Comment on the use of the simple past tense/past perfect tense (as illustrated above) in the following sentences. Identify the tense and give reasons for the use of the tense used.

1. I had come home this time round for a special purpose: to get married. My parents had arranged my marriage according to the customs of our tribal society.
Answer:
In both the sentences, the part perfect tense is used as those two actions had already completed before his narration, (had come, had arranged)

2. Time flew, and five months into my marriage I realized it.
Answer:
In the above sentence both the verbs are in the simple past tense as the time relation is unambiguous and those two occur in the past simultaneously.

3. But after some dilly-dallying I finally decided against it because marriage had increased my responsibilities and I had got into debt.
Answer:
“Marriage had increased my responsibilities and 1 had got into debt.” – These two actions occurred before “I finally decided against it.” Hence, in the earlier two actions the past perfect tense is used while the simple past tense is used in the latter.

4. On my way home from the bus stop my trunk had been carried by a porter, (para 3)
Answer:
The above action occurred before his narrating the story. Hence, the past perfect tense (had been carried) is used.

5. A large crowd gathered at our place the day I was to leave. People had come to wish me luck, (para 6)
Answer:
A large crowd gathered at our place the day I was to leave. → In this sentence the simple past tense is used as it occurred later.

People had come to wish me luck. → In this sentence the past perfect tense is used as it occurred earlier.

People had come and then the large crowd gathered. Hence, the two tenses are used.

6. Father was quiet for some time. He thoughtfully looked at the sun for a moment, and then his eyes fell on the can of home-made wine that I was carrying, (para 9)
Answer:
The actions in the above sentences occurred in the past simultaneously. Hence, the simple past tense is used in all the actions except the last part of the second sentence. ” ……….. that I was carrying.” Here the past continuous tense is used as it was going on at the time of narrating.

7. I gave him the can of wine. He poured himself a mug and handed me the can. He drank all of it at one go. He then arranged the belt that was attached to the trunk carefully on his forehead. (para 10)
Answer:
All the actions are in the simple past tense as they all occurred in the past simultaneously and also the time relation is unambiguous.

8. I had never got used to physical labour having stayed in hostels right from my childhood. (para 11)
Answer:
“I had never get used to …………”
Here the past perfect tense is used as the author while narrating, went intq the past and told. Hence, the past perfect tense is used.

9. His feet had developed cracks and somehow resembled those of an elephant. (para 14)
Answer:
When two actions in the past are clearly separated by time, the earlier action is expressed in the past perfect tense. “His feet had developed cracks” …. This action took place before “his feet resembled those of an elephant.” Hence, the earlier action is expressed in the past perfect tense and the latter is expressed in the simple past, (had developed, resembled)

10. I noticed this for the first time. 1 hadn’t noticed that the road was uneven, (para 14)
Answer:
“I noticed this for the first time.”
Here the simple past tense is used as it is the author’s narration.
“I hadn’t noticed that …….. ”
This action might have occurred if the author did it but this action didn’t take place. Hence, the past perfect tense (+ not) is used.
” the road was uneven.” The condition of the road was mentioned here. It was
the condition of the road when he narrated. Hence, the simple past tense is used.

11. I checked my wallet and saw I still had around Rs.40 with me. (para 14)
Answer:
Both the actions in the above sentences occurred in the past simultaneously. Hence, the simple past tense is used in both the contexts.

12. I then took out my pair of leather shoes from the trunk, and noticed my father’s face lighting up with contentment, (para 15)
Answer:
The above two actions occurred in the past simultaneously and the time relation is unambiguous. Hence, the simple past tense is used, (took, noticed)

13. I saw that the road we had come by looked like a giant motionless rope, (para 16)
Answer:
“I saw that ” — Here the past tense is used to refer to the past action as it is the writer’s narration.
” ………… we had come by looked …………”
— Here the past perfect tense is used as this action had completed before his narration.
” …………… looked like a giant motion rope.” — Here the simple past tense is used to refer to the action as it is the writer’s narration.

14. He stopped his business after he became old.
Answer:
In this sentence both the verbs ‘stopped’ and ‘became’ are in the past tense as the time is unambiguous.

15. I never ate ‘haleem’ before I visited Hyderabad.
Answer:
In this sentence the verbs ’ate’ and ‘visited’ are in the past tense as the time is unambiguous.

II. Adverbial Clauses

Study the following examples from the story.
1. As I had to do a bit of catching up, I walked fast.
2. As I was going to take my first sip. 1 heard father’s voice.
3. He decided to go to his work place because he got into debts.

In all the above sentences there are two clauses. The underlined part is the adverbial clause.
There are several types of adverbial clauses.

Combine the pairs of sentences by using the words given in brackets.
1. There was nobody in the village to carry the author’s luggage. Everbody was engaged in some important work, (because)
2. The roads were not good. He preferred less luggage, (as)
3. He wanted to stay at home for some more days. He wanted to apply for leave, (since)
4. You may not attend the class. You don’t want to come again, (if)
5. The boy was about to come down the stairs. Then it crumbled down, (when)
Answer:

1. There was nobody in the village to carry the author’s luggage because everybody was engaged in some important work.
2. As the roads were not good, he preferred less luggage.
3. Since he wanted to stay at home for some more days, he wanted to apply for leave.
4. If you want to come again, you have to attend the class.
5. Whan the boy was about to come down the stairs, it crumbled down.

More about Adverbial Clauses :

1. Adverbial Clauses of Time :
Adverbial Clauses of Time are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions when-ever, since, after, before, while, as, etc.
e.d.:
1) As Bayaji came home, his children returned.
2) As soon as the bell rang, the children came out crying.
3) While Sachin was batting, there was a heavy noise all over the stadium.

2. Adverbial Clauses of Place :
Adverbial Clauses of Place are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions where and whereas.
e.g.:
1) You can go wherever you like.
2) I want to live where you live.

3. Adverbial Clauses of Reason :
Adverbial Clauses of Reason are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions because, that, as, since.
e.g.:
1) Because he was ill, he didn’t come.
2) He was very happy that his son had passed.
3) As she was absent from school, the teacher punished her.

4. Adverbial Clauses of Manner :
Adverbial Clauses of Manner are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions like, as, as if.
e.g.:
1) He finished the work as she requested.
2) He is acting like he doesn’t like her.
3) They talked as if they had read.

5. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose :
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions so that, in order that and lest
e.g.:
1) Work hard lest you should fail.
2) We eat so that we may live.
3) Sunlight is needed in order that the process of photosynthesis takes place.

6. Adverbial Clauses of Condition :
Adverbial Clauses of Condition are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions if, whether, unless.
e.g.:
1) Unless you work harder, you will fail.
2) If I go to Hyderabad, I will meet your brother.
3) She was uncertain whether to stay or leave.

7. Adverbial Clauses of Consequence :
Adverbial Clauses of Consequence are introduced by the subordinating conjunction that.
e.g.:
1) She is such a kind man that all love him.
2) She speaks in such a low voice that nobody can hear her.

8. Adverbial Clauses of Comparison :
Adverbial Clauses of Comparison of Degree are introduced by the subordinating conjunction than, or by the Relative Adverb as …. as.
e.g.:
1) She is younger than he.
2) He is as stupid as he is lazy.

9. Adverbial Clauses of Concession :
Adverbial Clauses of Concession are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions though, although, even if.
e.g.:
1) Though he is poor he is honest.
2) Even if it rains 1 shall come.
3) He passed in first division although he didn’t work hard.

Writing

I. In the story ‘The Journey’ the author says “…. my education had made me shun physical labour”. This is an adverse effect of education. Now write an essay on ‘The Adverse Effects of Education’. Here are some points:
Effect on
• doing some work that involves physical labour
• dress/fashion
• family relationships
• giving respect to elders
• the treatment of illiterate people
Answer:

The Adverse Effects of Education

It is a well-known fact that education plays a vital role in bringing up both economically and socially. It is thought that education helps people in so many ways. Highly educated people are enjoying the status in the present day society. People with high education attain a good job, more money and many other benefits. A literate person can show the right path to others. We usually think of the benefits of education only but we should not ignore the adverse effects of education.

When the pupils spend all their time in reading and writing, there is no scope for them to do any other work. They don’t find time even to play games. Their education makes them physically weak. They are unable to do any work that involves physical labour. “A sound mind in a sound body” is a proverb. Both the sound mind and the sound body are needed if one desires to be successful. When we are helathy, we can perform our functions regularly and properly. Today, most of the pupils stay in hostels right from their childhood. Hence, they never get the chance to do physical labour. One’s physical labour will make oneself both physically and mentally strong. But today’s education system doesn’t allow the pupils to do physical labour. And the other thing is that the educated people think that others will laugh at them if they do any kind of physical labour. They think that theirs is an important position in the society. Doing their own things is the point of prestige for them. Their false prestige makes them think in a wrong way.

The second point is their dress sense. The persons with high education try to wear fashionable dresses which are different from other ones. As far as the educated Indians are concerned, they give more value to the western culture. They try to adapt the foreigners’ culture. They never think of our culture and traditions. They think that only illiterate people wear such kind of dresses which reflect our culture. In their view, they will be degraded if they don’t wear modern dresses. This thought only leads to other social problems. The young women’s dress sense will cause them a threat. They think that they are superior to the uneducated ones and behave arrogantly.

Another important point is how education affects the family relations. When a person completes his education, he starts thinking that he is greater than the other uneducated members of his family. He wants to show his dominance. If he gets employment, he doesn’t find time to spend with them. He always thinks about earning money. He gives importance to money only. He doesn’t show any love and affection even for his parents. Thus, one’s education leads to the absence of human relationships.

Most of the literates don’t give any respect to elders. As Indians, we generally have faith in our values, traditions and culture. What we have learnt from our ancestors is that we should give utmost respect to our elders. At present, we witness a different scenario. Some educated persons think that there is no use of elders. They forget the sacrifices made by them. They ill-treat their family members who are illiterates. This will lead to the destruction of family relationships.

No doubt, there are so many advantages with the education one gets. But one’s education makes one senseless. The educated persons must not move away from physical labour. They must do some work that involves physical labour. They should take care about their dress. They should not deviate from our traditional way of dressing. They should maintain good family relationships. They should respect elders. They should treat the illiterate people with courtesy. Then only their education is meaningful.

II. Summarising

A few guidelines and tips to summarize a text are given below. Read them carefully. Then read the essay ‘On Umbrella Morals’ and summarize it.

Guidelines and tips to summarize a text

To summarize is to condense a text to its main points and to do so in your own words. To include every detail is neither necessary nor desirable. In order to write a good summary, you may have to gather minor points or components of an argument from different places in the text in order to summarize the text in an organized way. A point made in the beginning of an essay and then one made toward the end may need to be grouped together in your summary to concisely convey the argument that the author is making.

Here are a few key points:

1. Read the article carefully – as many times as you require!
2. Begin your summary by mentioning the author and title. The publication and date may also be mentioned.
3. Summarize in your own words in third person using simple present tense.
4. Use transition words (however, moreover, then, also, etc.).
5. Avoid unnecessary details and direct quotes.
6. Do not give your own opinion.
7. Keep it within the word limit given or one third of the original text.
8. Prefer short and simple sentences.
9. Be consistent with the tense.
10. Check for grammar and punctuation errors.

Read the following essay.

On Umbrella Morals

-Alfred George Gardiner

A sharp shower came on as I walked along the street, but 1 did not put up my umbrella. The truth is I couldn’t put up my umbrella. The frame would not work for one thing, and even if it had worked, I would not have put the thing up, because it was falling to pieces and I would be the laughing stock. The fact is, the umbrella is not my umbrella at all. It is the umbrella of some person who I hope will read these lines: He has got my silk umbrella. I have got the cotton one he left in exchange. I imagine him walking along the street under my umbrella, and throwing a scornful glance at the fellow who was carrying his ugly thing. I dare say the rascal laughed silently as he eyed the fool with his cotton umbrella. He is one of those people who have what I may call an umbrella conscience.

I hope you know the sort of person I mean. He would never put his hand in another’s pocket, or forge a cheque or rob a cashbox —not even if he had the chance. But he will swap umbrellas, or forget to return a book, or take a rise out of the railway company. In fact he is a thoroughly honest man who allows his honesty the benefit of the doubt. Perhaps he takes your umbrella at random from the barber’s stand. He knows he can’t get a worse one than his own. He may get a better one. He doesn’t look at it very closely until he is well on his way. Then, “Dear me! I’ve taken the wrong umbrella,” he says, with an air of surprise, for he likes really to feel that he has made a mistake. “Ah, well, it’s no use going back now. He’d be gone. And I’ve left him mine! “It is thus that we play hide-and-seek with our own conscience. It is not enough not to be found out by others; we refuse to be found out by ourselves. Quite impeccable people, people who ordinarily seem unspotted from the world, are afflicted with umbrella morals.

It was a well-known preacher who was found dead in a first-class railway carriage with a third-class ticket in his pocket. And as for books, who has any morals where they are concerned? I remember some years ago the library of a famous divine and literary critic, who had died, being old. It was a splendid library of rare books, chiefly concerned with seventeenth-century writers, about whom he was a distinguished authority. Multitudes of the books had the marks of libraries all over the country. He had borrowed them and never found a convenient opportunity of returning them. They clung to him like pre-cedents to law. Yet he was a holy man and preached admirable sermons, as I can bear witness. And, if you press me on the point, I shall have to own that it is hard to part with a book you have come to love.

It is possible, of course, that the gentleman who took my silk umbrella did really make a mistake. Perhaps if he knew the owner, he would return it with his compliments. After my experience to-day, I think I will engrave my name on my umbrella. But not on that baggy thing standing in the corner. I do not care who relieves me of that. It is anybody’s for the taking.

Study Skills

Use the following graphic organizers to represent your understanding of the story ‘The Journey’. Modify the layout to suit your needs.

i) 1. How could I allow my old father to carry my trunk?
2. What would people think?
3. What would they say?
4. It was improper for me to let father carry the luggage.
5. It was through me that they (my parents) had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from the villagers.
6. He was stronger and more skilled than I in these matters.

ii) 1. His education had made him shun physical labour.
2. His father, his people, and the whole world would laugh at him and he would be belittled.
3. His father would not like him to see him carrying a trunk on his back.

iii) I would myself carry my luggage. I wouldn’t make my father carry it.
iv) The author’s action is inhuman. He is thankless and selfish.
v) The author is ungrateful. He doesn’t show any respect, love, and affection for his father.

Listening

Listen to the story and answer the questions that follow.

Once there was a very rich man. His name was Dhanaraju. He had two sons, Ganiraju and Pothuraju. Ganiraju was hard working and obedient. He always helped his father in the fields. But Pothuraju was lazy. He never went to fields. He was disobedient to his father. He always wanted to lead a free, lavish life, so one day he said to his father, “Father, give me my share of property.” The father was heart-broken. He divided the property between his two sons. Pothuraju left home with his share. He went to a distant land, made a lot of friends and soon spent all his property lavishly on friends, food and drinks. All his friends left him.

At that time, there was a famine and Pothuraju had no work and food. None of his friends gave him food or money. He took up the job of feeding pigs. Sometimes, he had to eat the food kept for the pigs. He was very sad about his condition. He soon began to think of his father and his brother. He said to himself, “In my father’s house, even the servants have enough food. They get good shelter too. But here, I am struggling for food and shelter. I will go back to my father. 1 will beg him to take me as his servant.”
So decided, the dishonest son set out for his father’s house. In the meantime, his father was always thinking of his second son. He would sit near the windows. He would look out at the road, expecting his son to return home.

One day Dhanaraju saw his son coming at a distance. He rah out of the house in great joy and hugged his son. His son knelt down. He said, “Father, 1 am not fit to be your son. Take me as your servant.”

I. Read the statements given below and mark True or False against each of them.

1. Pothuraju went to far-off lands to enjoy free life.
2. Ganiraju asked his father to give his share of property.
3. Pothuraju had a lavish life from the beginning.
4. Dhanaraju did not care about Pothuraju.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False

II. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the story you have just listened to?
a) A Rich Son
b) Repentance
c) Two Sons
Answer:
(b) Repentance

The Journey Summary in English

The Journey’ is an excellent piece of work written by Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi, a prominent Assamese writer and it is translated into English by D.P. Nath. The author was a government officer. He came to his village to get married. His parents had arranged his marriage, according to the customs of their tribal society. After spending six months at home, he was preparing to return to his place of work. But he didn’t want to leave behind his newly-wed wife. He thought of extending his leave too. But his responsibilities made him decide to go.

As theirs is a hilly terrain, without any motorable roads, the author always prefers to carry less luggage. Now, his problem was that he needed someone to carry his luggage as his education had made him avoid physical labour. Since most of the villagers were busy in the fields, he couldn’t find even one who could help him carry the trunk to the bus stop. Finally, the writer’s father told him that he would see him off at Dirang. He didn’t want to allow his old father to carry his trunk and so he protested. But his father decided to carry the chest to the bus stop. On the day of his departure, a large crowd gathered to wish him luck and the author left for Dirang at 10 : 20. His father had already left and he had to walk fast to catch up his father. He was very tired when he caught up with his father. He sat on a rock to rest for a while. His father drank all the wine given by him and resumed carrying the luggage on his back. The author followed his father. Neither of them spoke a word as if they were strangers. The author thought that it was improper for him to let his father carry the luggage. Although he wanted to tell his father that he would like to carry the trunk himself, he couldn’t do so because of his guilt, shame and pride. He felt that the whole world would laugh at him if he did so.

The author knew that his father had provided for his education. He thought that it was through him that his parents had earned admiration and respect from the villagers. He knew that he was physically useless in spite of his youth and strength. He concluded that it would be better to let his father carry the luggage and followed him silently After resting at two places for tiffin, they reached Dirang finally. They entered a tea shop and started sipping tea. His father asked him if he had a pair of old shoes. Then the author looked at his father’s bare feet and noticed that they were full of cracks. He noticed this for the first time. He offered his father money but he refused to take. Instead, he wanted the author’s old pair. So, the author gave him the hunting boots he was wearing. His father filled with satisfaction when he saw the author taking out his pair of leather shoes from the trunk. His father wanted to say something to him but the bus started moving. Finally the author realized that both their ways were different – his way was a luxurious one while his father’s was a difficult one.

The Journey Glossary

lethargy (n) : the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things
creeps (v) : develops very slowly
terrain (n) : a particular type of land
extend (v) : to continue for a longer period of time
dilly-dallying (v) : taking a long time to do something, go somewhere or make a decision
debt (n) : a sum of money that a person or organization owes
shun (v) : to avoid something or somebody
chest (n) : a large strong box
see off (phr.v.) : to go to an airport, station, etc. to say goodbye to someone
protest (v) : to say that one strongly disagrees with
dissuade (v) : to convince somebody not to do something
catch up (phr.v.) : to come from behind and reach someone in front of you by going faster
plight (n) : a difficult and sad situation
utter (v) : to say something
guilt (n) : the unhappy feelings caused by knowing that you have done something wrong
self-consciousness (n) : feelings of nervousness about what other people think of you
belittle (v) : to make someone or something seem small or unimportant
hardly (adv) : almost not
sip (n) : a very small amount of a drink
pebbles (n) : small smooth stones
bare feet (n.phrase) : the feet without chappals or shoes
contentment (n) : a feeling of happiness or satisfaction
recede (v) : move back from a previous position further and further until it disappears
weary (adj) : very tired
pebble-strewn road (n.phrase) : the road over which pebbles are scattered

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 1C I Will Do It Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 1C I Will Do It

10th Class English Chapter 1C I Will Do It Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1.
What is the ultimate aim of a bright student? And why?
Answer:
The ultimate aim of a bright student is to continue his/her studies at a world-class educational institute. He/She wants to join it as there are high standards. One will do great things when one studies at a top-class institute. So, a bright student wants to join a top-ranked institute.
(Or)
The ultimate aim of a bright student is to study at IIT. It is because, these institutions maintain high standards. One can do big things if one studies at IIT. Hence, a bright student’s ultimate aim is to study at IIT.

Question 2.
‘His heart sank in sorrow.’ Whose heart sank in sorrow? Why?
Answer:
Narayana Murthy’s heart sank in sorrow. Because of the poor financial position, Murthy’s father refused to send him to IIT. Though he had passed with a high rank, there was no chance for him to study at IIT which was his dream. So, he was very sorrowful.

Question 3.
How did Murthy react when his father expressed his helplessness to send him to IIT?
Answer:
When his father expressed his helplessness to send him to IIT, Murthy was disappointed. It seemed his dreams had burnt to ashes. His heart sank in sorrow. He didn’t share his feelings with anybody. His heart was bleeding but he didn’t get angry with anybody.

Question 4.
The author calls Murthy an introvert. Which action of Murthy substantiates this claim of the author about Murthy?
Answer:
‘Introvert’ means someone who is quiet and shy, and does not enjoy being with other people. When Murthy’s father refused to send him to IIT, he became sorrowful. Though he was sorrowful, he never shared his unhappiness or helplessness with anybody. He did not reply. He remained silent. So, we can say that Murthy was an introvert by nature.

Question 5.
What, according to Narayana Murthy, can change the life of a person?
Answer:
According to Narayana Murthy, a person himself can change his life by hard work. It is not the institution or any other thing that can change the life of a person.

Question 6.
How does the motto ‘Powered by intellect and driven by values’ describe Murthy’s life?
Answer:
Murthy really believes in the motto, ‘Powered by intellect and driven by values’. He worked very hard. He didn’t bother about his personal life or comforts. He was a genius right from the beginning. He shared his wealth with others. He never used the help of any caste, community or political connections to go up in life. He proved that it was possible to earn wealth legally and ethically. He built a team of people who were equally good. The above words reveal that he was powered by intellect and driven by values.

II. Given below are some sentences from the lesson. What do they tell us about Narayana Murthy’s qualities? Use the adjectives given in the box to describe Murthy’s character. You may also use some more adjectives you like.


Answer:

Vocabulary

Let’s look at some more one-word substitutes.

Tick (✓) the most appropriate one-word substitutes for the following.
1. A person or thing that cannot be corrected
a) unintelligible
b) Indelible
c) illegible
d) incorrigible
Answer: d

2. A persoiì of good understanding. knowledge and reasoning power
a) expert
b) intellectual
c) snob
d) literate
Answer: b

3. A person who knows many languages
a) linguist
b) grammarian
c) polyglot
d) bilingual
Answer: c

4. One who possesses many talents
a) versatile
b) prodigy
c) exceptional
d) gifted
Answer: a

5. Words inscribed on a tomb
a) epitome
b) epistle
c) epilogue
d) epitaph
Answer: d

Project Work

You have read about Nick Vujicic, who has accomplished every seemingly impossible thing in life despite having the most difficult form of disability. You have read about Narayana Murthy, who is one of the most remarkable examples to win over the unbeatable difficulties. You may also have heard or read about some remarkable Indian women such as Sudha Murthy, Sudha Chandran, Kiran Bedi and many other women who have crossed all the hurdles to become successful.

Now, work in pairs and collect information about the women who you think have excelled in their lives though they may not have come into limelight.

You may read articles in newspapers, magazines, books (autobiographies, biogra¬phies etc.), browse internet and watch TV reports on women.

Answer:

I. Based on the information you gather about the persons, prepare a short biographical account of the person you like the most, emphasizing the exemplary work done by him/her and present it to the group/ whole class.
Answer:
Ms. Srivalli was born on 15th August, 1992. She came from a poor family. Her father was a musician and her mother was a teacher. She was a bright student. Unfortunately, she met with an accident when she was eleven and the doctors amputated both her legs. After two years of relentless struggle, she could go back to her school. She could walk with the help of artificial limbs and slowly run. Now, she can do anything like a normal woman. She learnt music from guru Rama Sastry and now she is a good singer and composer of songs. In spite of her disability, she has worked hard with great determination, discipline and dedication and achieved her target.

After she had met with the accident, her heart sank in sorrow. Sometimes she wanted to die. She hated God for doing this to her. She was terrified of her losing both the limbs. Her doctor Mr. Rao always encouraged her by telling her that she could walk and run normally. She tried and tried until she could walk. She didn’t give up at any stage. Srivalli always says, “The challenges in our lives are there to strengthen our convictions. They are not there to run us over.” With the help of her parents, friends . and guru, Srivalli has managed to reach such a position in her life. She has proved that anything can be done, if one tries hard. From her life, we can understand that one need not lose hope. Her life shows us that one s disability can’t prevent one from reaching one’s target. I feel that her life is a source of inspiration to every woman. She is able to do all these only because of her strong will power. Hence, I believe in will power with which one can achieve wonders in one’s life. I would like to wish all the best for her in the future.

II. You may also present this write up on the occasion of “Women’s Day” in your school.
Answer:
Our beloved headmaster, dear teachers and my fellow students!
I wish you a very good morning and welcome you all to the programme. At the outset, I would like to greet all the women a very happy ‘Women’s Day.’

As we all know that 8th March is celebrated as International Women’s Day to commemorate women’s achievements and the contributions made by them to the society This day is also known as the United Nations Day for women’s rights and international peace.

I have a great pleasure to say a few words about a great girl Mary Griffith on this occasion. Mary Griffith, a thirteen year old girl, has set national records in track and swimming. She has been studying at the Mundelein Middle School and has cerebral palsy. In spite of her disability she set her records in 2004 and 2005 at the National Junior Disability Championships. She always say that sports have given her a lot more confidence and taught her to balance her life. Though she has been suffering from cerebral palsy, she hasn’t lost her hope. With great faith and determination she has done so well and set her own records. Her efforts are inspirational to all the women.

We all wish her a great future and with this I will end my speech. I thank one and all for giving me this chance to share my views with you.

I Will Do It Summary in English

Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy is the founder of Infosys, a leading IT company in the world. He is an icon of simplicity, uncompromising quality and fairness, apart from being a philanthropist. He believes in the motto, ‘Powered by intellect and driven by values.’

As a school going lad, Narayana Murthy was the brightest boy in his class. He could solve the most difficult problems which were very hard for his seniors. He came from a poor but educated family. His father was a high-school teacher. As all other students, Narayana Murthy wanted to get admission in the IIT. He appeared for the entrance test and did well. He always dreamt of studying at IIT. He was thrilled to know that he had passed the test with a high rank.

When Narayana Murthy told his father that he wanted to join IIT, his father reminded him of their poverty. Murthy’s father advised him to stay in Mysore and study as much as he wanted. His father was very sad to say this. Murthy was disappointed and his heart sank in sorrow. He was an introvert so he never shared his sorrowfulness or helplessness with anybody. When his classmates were leaving for Madras, Murthy went to the station to say goodbye to them. Though they were all excited and talking loudly, Murthy remained silent. He wished them and they waved at him as the train slowly left the platform. Even after the train had left, he stood there motionless. He believed that he only could change his life by hard work. He unknowingly followed “Your best friend is yourself and your worst enemy is yourself, the philosophy of the Bhagavath Gita. With great determination, Narayana Murthy reached great heights in his life. He proved that it was possible to earn wealth legally and ethically.

I Will Do It about the Author

Sudha Murthy, wife of N.R. Narayana Murthy, is an Indian social worker and author. Murthy began her professional career as a computer scientist and engineer. She is the chairperson of the Infosys Foundation. She has founded several orphanages, participated in rural development efforts, supported the movement to provide all Karnataka government schools with computer and library facilities, and established the ‘The Murthy Classical Library of India’ at Harvard University.

Murthy also teaches Computer Science. She composed a fiction, Dollar Sose. The present story is an extract from one of her most successful stories ‘How I Taught my Grandmother to Read & Other Stories.’

I Will Do It Glossary

sharp (adj): quick to notice something/able to grasp quickly

bright (adj): clever / intelligent / sharp / brilliant

unnoticed (adj): ignored / overlooked

spark (n): a small amount of particular quality or feeling

grasp (v): understand something completely

avid (adj): doing something as much as possible

literature (n): written works like novels, plays, poems, technical works, newspapers and magazines

admission (n): the right to join an institution

aspirant (n): someone who hopes to get a position of importance or honour

sleepy (adj): quiet and peaceful

guide (n): a person who can advise others

mandap (n): a raised platform

uitlmate (adj): main and most important / vital / final

D-Day (n): a date on which something important is expected to happen.(From the name given to June 6, 1944. the day on which the US., British, and other armies landed on the beaches of northern France in the Second World War.)

Implied (v): gave the meaning / meant

Anna (n): a word used to address a respectable elder 1 older male

afford (v): pay for / have funds for

expenses (n): expenditure / money that one spends on something

bitter (adj): making somebody feel unhappy

burnt to ashes: lost hopes

fondest (adj): most liking

introvert(n): a quite person who is interested in his / her own thoughts and feelings.

chirping (v): making short high sounds

monsoon (n): rainy season

set in (phr.v.): begin / start

drizzle (v): light rain / sprinkle

motionless (adj): without movement

jealously (adv): being unhappy over something

philosophy (n): attitude / way of life

ethically (adv): morally

pioneer (n): a person who is the first to do something

wave (n): raise or increase

icon (n): a famous person or thing that people admire and see as a symbol of a particular idea, way of life, etc.

uncompromising (adj): unwilling to change opinions or behaviour

philanthropist (n): one who devotes his service or wealth for the love of mankind

powered by intellect and driven by values: According to Narayana Murthy Intellect (mind power) should be the power of every man. He should be driven (influenced) by values.

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 3B Once Upon a Time Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 3B Once Upon a Time

10th Class English Chapter 3B Once Upon a Time Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

I. Tick (✓) the option that will complete each of the following statements. In some cases more than one option may be possible.

1. In the first five stanzas the poet is talking about
a) the honest and innocent world of children.
b) the insincere world of adults.
c) the difference between the past and the present.
d) the old and the young.
Answer:
(b) ✓
(c) ✓

2. The last four lines of the poem suggest
a) hope.
b) regret.
c) a sense of loss.
d) eagerness to learn.
Answer:
(a) ✓
(b) ✓

3. The expression ice-cold-block eyes’ means
a) The eyes are wet with tears.
b) expressionless eyes,
c) a state of lack of feelings.
d) a dead man’s eyes.
Answer:
(b) ✓
(c) ✓

4. ‘They’ in line 4 of stanza 1 refers to
a) people in the past.
b) present day people.
c) all adults.
d) young children.
Answer:
(c) ✓

5. ‘Their …………. eyes search behind my shadow’ means
a) they avoid meeting his eyes.
b) they try to look at the darker side of the person.
c) they convey no emotions.
d) they try to see what is not there.
Answer:
(b) ✓

6. The poet has learnt
a) to shake hands.
b) the ways of the world.
c) to laugh.
d) to put on masks.
Answer:
(d) ✓

7. The poet wants to learn from his son because his son
a) is not corrupted by the ways of the world.
b) is more informed.
c) knows about good manners more than his father.
d) is more caring.
Answer:
(a) ✓

II. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two each.

Question 1.
When did people shake hands with their hearts?
Answer:
The people, in their childhood, when they didn’t know the falsehood and hypocrisies of the world, when they were not corrupted by the ways of the world, shook hands with their hearts.

Question 2.
What is the poet crying over? What help does he want from his son?
Answer:
The poet regrets for losing the traits of his own character such as honesty, modesty, and sincerity. He laments over getting corrupted by the ways of the world. He regrets for his character being influenced by hypocrisy and fallacies of the world. The poet requests his son to help him regain his sincere and heartful, innocent and child-like smile.

Question 3.
“Most of all, I want to relearn
how to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror
shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs !”
What does the poet mean by these lines?
Answer:
The poet feels his smile as fictitious, insincere, and hypocritic. He feels such a smile is dangerous. The comparison of his teeth to snake’s fangs makes false, mask-like smile seem dangerous.

Question 4.
What is the tone of the poem?
Answer:
The tone of the poem is roughly equivalent to the mood it creates in the reader. In Once Upon a Time’ the tone of the poem in the earlier stanzas is abashed, regretful but in the last stanza the poet ends the poem in an optimistic and hopeful tone. Thus the poet begins the poem in a negative tone i.e. somber but ends positively i.e. opti¬mism.

Question 5.
“Now they shake hands without hearts :
while their left hands search
my empty pockets.”
Why do the left hands search empty pockets now? What does this indicate?
Answer:
The poet expresses his concern for the influence of the western world on age-old African custom. He feels that the once enthusiastic and friendly society of Africa now treated its own people like strangers and looked at each other with suspicion and hostility. The white imperialists always exploited and plundered the wealth of their colonies. So their left hands search the empty pockets of their subjects in an endeavour to rob them further.

Question 6.
The poet uses certain words to express frustration and sorrow. Identify these words.
Answer:
The phrases “ice-block-cold eyes”, “shake hands without hearts”, “doors shut on me”, “learned to wear many faces”, “teeth like a snake’s bare fangs” are used to express the poet’s regret. The phrases or lines such as “…believe me, son. I want to be what 1 used to be”, “unlearn these muting things”, “want to relearn how to laugh” are the lines used to express his frustration.

Once Upon a Time Summary in English

Once upon a time, the people used to laugh with their hearts. There used to be sincerity in their laugh. Their laugh came from their hearts. There was genuinety in their actions and feelings. But people laugh superficially, in present. Their laugh is ficticious, feelingless. The eyes are dead like feelingless, and unsympathetic/apathetical. Even people shake hands mechanically and wish the people artificially but not heartfully.

In the third stanza the poet explains more about the changes the man possesses as he grows in age. He has noticed falsehood, superfluous feelings and deteriorating human relations in present day society. The poet also says that the people lie when they say the positive phrases like “Feel at home” and “Come again.” When the poet visits their house for the third time thinking that their words are genuine, the doors are shut on his face. In this material and artificial world the poet has learnt many things especially wearing many faces, like putting on many dresses. That means he changes his expressions and feelings to suit the situations and needs of the people with whom he is to deal with.

In behaving like that he loses his own character and traits of his self. As this is the way of the world the poet has also learnt to laugh with teeth but not with heart. He also has learnt to shake the hands of others but not with heart. He has learnt to say ‘Goodnight’ when he means Good riddance’. He has learnt to say Glad to meet you,’ when he is not glad and he says, ‘It’s nice talking to you’ when he is bored of talking.

But the writer is fed up with the forcible hypocrisy and pretension of falsehood. He wants to regain his real spirit and character. He wants to abandon all this falsehood. He wants to laugh sincerely as the children do. His laugh reveals all the fallacies of the world. When he looks at himself in the mirror his teeth are exposed and they appear like the fangs of a snake.

In the last stanza the poet appeals to his son to show him how to smile whole-heartedly. The poet’s desire to regain his original traits of his character, sincerity and to give up his falsehood and hypocrisy reveals his yearning for the innocence, faithfulness and sincerity.

Once Upon a Time Glossary

cock-tail (n) : a drink usually made from a mixture of one or more alcoholic drinks

conform (v) : to be and thinking the same way as most other people in a group or society; normally acceptable

portrait (n) : a painting, drawing or photograph of a person especially of the head and shoulders

good-riddance (n) : a feeling of relief when an unwanted person leaves

muting (adj) : changing all the time; expressionless/not expressed in speech

fangs (n) : long, sharp teeth of some animals like snakes and dogs

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Electric Current.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Physics Important Questions 11th Lesson Electric Current

10th Class Physics 11th Lesson Electric Current 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.

Find the quantity of current in the above circuit. (AP March 2017)
Answer:
R = 3 + 5 + 2 = 10 Ω
I = \(\frac{1.5}{10}\) = 0.15 A.

Question 2.

Three resistors A, B and C are connected as shown in the figure. Each of them dissipates energy to a maximum of 18 W. Find the maximum current that can flow through the three resistors. (TS March 2015)
Answer:

Question 3.
What happens if we use a fuse made up of same wire which is used to make the electric circuit? (TS March 2017)
Answer:
It doesn’t work as a fuse. If high voltage occurs fuse do not melt and circuit will not be opened / breaked. So home appliances will be damaged.

Question 4.
Write any two differences between ohmic and non- ohmic conductors. (TS June 2018)
Answer:

Question 5.
Draw the electric circuit with the help of a Battery, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Resistance and connecting wires. (TS March 2018)
Answer:

Question 6.
What happens, if the household electric appliances are connected in series? (TS March 2019)
Answer:
If all household appliances are connected in series, then if one appliances stop working due to failure then all the appliances stops working due incomplete circuit.

Question 7.
Define lightning.
Answer:
Lightning is an electric discharge between two clouds or between cloud and earth.

Question 8.
Define drift speed or drift velocity.
Answer:
The electrons in the conductor move with a constant average speed called drift speed or drift velocity.

Question 9.
Define conductors.
Answer:
The materials which can conduct electricity are called conductors.
Eg : Copper, Silver, Aluminium.

Question 10.
Define insulators.
Answer:
The materials which can’t conduct electricity are called insulators or non – conductors.
Eg: Wood, Rubber.

Question 11.
Define semi-conductors.
Answer:
The materials whose resistivity is 10⁵ to 10¹⁰ times more than that of metals and 10¹⁵ to 10¹⁶ times less than that of insulators.
Eg: Silicon, Germanium,

Question 12.
How does a battery work?
Answer:
In a circuit, the battery stores chemical energy and this energy converts into electric energy. Thus a battery works.

Question 13.
Define lattice.
Answer:
Conductors like metals contain a large number of free electrons while the positive ions are fixed in their locations. The arrangement of the positive ions is called lattice.

Question 14.
Define potential difference.
Answer:
Work done by the electric force on unit positive charge to move it through a distance is called potential difference.

Question 15.
Define electromotive force.
Answer:
Electromotive force (emf) is defined as the work done by the chemical force to move unit positive charge from negative terminal to positive terminal of the battery.

Question 16.
Define resistance of a conductor.
Answer:
The obstruction to the motion of the electrons in a conductor is called resistance of a conductor.

Question 17.
Define resistivity (ρ).
Answer:
Resistivity is a constant.

Question 18.
Write Ohm’s formula.
Answer:
V = IR, where V is the potential difference (voltage), I is the electric current and R is the resistance.

Question 19.
Define resistor.
Answer:
The material which offers resistance to the motion of electrons is called a resistor.

Question 20.
What is a multimeter?
Answer:
It is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.

Question 21.
Define electric power.
Answer:
The product of voltage and electric current is called electric power.

Question 22.
Define electric energy.
Answer:
The product of electric power and time is called electric energy.

Question 23.
What is lattice?
Answer:
The arrangement of positive ions in a conductor is known as lattice.

Question 24.
Name two special characteristics of fuse wire.
Answer:
High resistivity and low melting point.

Question 25.
Name two special characteristics of heating coil.
Answer:
High resistivity and high melting point.

Question 26.
How does resistivity vary with material of conductor?
Answer:
The resistivity is less for a good conductor and is large for a bad conductor.

Question 27.
If length of a particular conductor increased by two times and its area of crosssection decreased by four times, then what happens to its resistivity?
Answer:
The resistivity of the conductor does not change because resistivity does not depend on dimensions of conductor.

Question 28.
What does the slope of V -1 graph for an Ohmic conductor represent?
Answer:
For an Ohmic conductor the slope of V -1 graph represents the resistance.

Question 29.
Express the units of ohm in terms of volt and ampere.
Answer:
1) The SI unit of resistance is ‘Ohm’.
2) Ohm = \(\frac{\text { Volt }}{\text { Ampere }}\)

Question 30.
What is the resultant resistance of this combination?

Answer:
R, R, R Ω resistances are in parallel.
⇒ Resultant resistance = \(\frac{R}{3}\)

Question 31.
What are the quantities are conserved in Kirchhoff’s and Is’ laws?
Answer:
According to Ist law, charge, and 2^nd law, energy are conserved.

Question 32.
If the length and radius of a conductor are both halved. What happend resistance of wire?
Answer:
Length and radius are halved.

Resistance is doubled.

Question 33.
If work done is W and the charge that flows through is Q, then what is the equation 1 of potential difference?
Answer:

Question 34.
How many electrons constitutes a current of one ampere?
Answer:
6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons in one second.

Question 35.
What are the maximum and minimum resistances are prepared by 30Ω, 30Ω, 30Ω?
Answer:
Maximum resistance = 30 + 30 + 30 = 90Ω
Minimum resistance = \(\frac{30}{3}\) = 10 Ω

Question 36.
Electric current I = nqA,v_d. Write the representation of letters.
Answer:
n = Electron density
A = Area of cross – section
v_d = drift velocity
q = charge of electron .

Question 37.
What is the resistance of bulb marked 60W and 120V?
Answer:

Question 38.
From figure, if V_A = 10V, then V_B = ?

Answer:
V_A – IR – E = V_B
10 – 1 × 5 – 3 = V_B
10 – 5 – 3 = V_B
2 = V_B
∴ V_B = 2 volts

Question 39.
Write the examples of non-ohmic conductors.
Answer:
Non-ohmic conductors are electrolytes, semi conductors, vacuum tubes.

Question 40.
What is meant by electric shock?
Answer:
When the current flows through the body the functioning of organs inside the body gets disturbed. This disturbance inside the body is felt as electric shock.

Question 41.
There is no electric shock on bird, when stand on the Electric wires. Why?
Answer:
When the bird stands on a high voltage wire, there is no potential differences between the legs of the bird, so no current passes through the bird.

Question 42.
Which factors are influence the resistivity of wire?
Answer:
a) Temperature,
b) Nature of material.

Question 43.
The length of wire is doubled and area of cross-section also doubled. What is the change in resistivity.
Answer:
Resistivity is independent of length and Area of cross-section.
Resistivity is not change.

Question 44.
A battery of 6V is applied across a resistance of 15Ω. Find the current flowing through the circuit.
Answer:

Question 45.
The formula V = I R is applicable for what substances?
Answer:
V = IR is applicable for
a) Ohmic conductors,
b) Non-ohmic conductor.

Question 46.
Resistance of a conductor of length 75 cm is 3.250. Calculate the length of a similar conductor, whose resistance is 16.25Ω.
Answer:

Question 47.
If four wires of each resistance R are joined to form a square, then what is the resistance between its opposite vertices?
Answer:

Resistance of ABC = 2R
Resistance of ADC = 2R
2R & 2R are parallel ⇒ Resultant = ‘R’

Question 48.
How much power consumption in a day of 100W television utilised 10 hours?
Answer:
Power consumption = \(\frac{100 \mathrm{~W} \times 10 \mathrm{~h}}{1000}\)
1 KWH or 1 unit.

Question 49.
How should we connect a voltmeter to measure voltage?
Answer:
The voltmeter must be connected in parallel to the electric device to measure the potential difference across the ends of the electric device.

Question 50.
How are ammeter and voltmeter connected in a circuit?
Answer:
Ammeter is always connected in series and voltmeter is always connected in parallel in a circuit.

Question 51.
Is the voltmeter connected in series or parallel in circuit? Why?
Answer:
Voltmeter should be connected parallel in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points of conductor.

Question 52.
State whether the home appliances like Fridge, TV, Computer are connected in series or parallel Why?
Answer:
They are connected in parallel because if any one device is damaged, the rest will work as usual because the circuit does not break.

Question 53.
Why are copper wires used as connecting wires?
Answer:
Copper is a good conductor of electricity so copper wires are used as connecting wires.

Question 54.
Why is the fuse wire fitted in a porcelain casing?
Answer:
Porcelain is an insulator of electricity. So fuse wire is fitted in a porcelain casing.

Question 55.
Draw the diagram of potential – current of a copper conductor.
Answer:

Temperature T = 27°C
It is a straight line passing through origin.

Question 56.
Draw the shape of V – I graph for a silicon.
Answer:

Silicon is a semi conductor.
It is not obey the Ohm’s law.

Question 57.
Is there any application of Ohm’s Law in daily life?
Answer:

• Electrical device like electric bulb, iron box and regulators are some applications of Ohm’s Law.
• Fuse in household circuits is also another application of Ohm’s Law.

Question 58.
Two wires of the same material and same length have radii r₁ and r₂ respectively. Compare (i) their resistance, (ii) their resistivities.
Answer:

Resistivity for a same material is same. So their ratio =1:1.

Question 59.
A wire of resistance is doubled on itself, then what is its new resistance?
Answer:
Suppose length is l, area of cross-section is A and resistance is R.

Question 60.
Calculate effective resistance between points A and B.

Answer:
R₁ = 1 Ω, R₂ = 2 Ω are in series. So R’ = 1 + 2 = 3 Ω.
Now R₃ and R’ are in parallel.

Question 61.
A fuse is rated 8A. Can it be used with an electrical appliance of rating 5 KW and 200 V?
Answer:
Given P = 5 KW = 5 × 1000 = 5000 W; V = 200 V.

So a fuse of rate 8 A is not suitable because it uses current of 25 A.

Question 62.
A current of 2A is passed through a coil of resistance 75 Ω for 2 minutes. How much heat energy is produced?
Answer:
Given i = 2A, R = 75 Ω and t = 2 min. = 2 × 60 sec. = 120 sec.
Heat energy produced H = i² Rt = 2² × 75 × 120 = 36000 J = 36 KJ.

Question 63.
What is ,the resistance under normal working conditions of a 240 V electric lamp rated at 60 W?
Answer:
P = 60 W; V = 240V.

Question 64.
State the use of Ammeter. How should the Ammeter be connected in electric circuit?
Answer:
Ammeter should be connected in series in a circuit.

Question 65.
What is current value of x?

Answer:
2 + 3 = 5 of ‘A’
5 – 1 = 4 of ‘B’
2x = 4
x = 2 A at ‘C’

Question 66.
What is the value of V_A, when V_B = 8V?

Answer:
V_A – 6 × 1 – 3 = V_B
V_A – 6 – 3 = 8
V_A = 8 + 9
V_A = 17 volts

Question 67.
In the figure, how much current passing through 6Ω resistor?

Answer:
Answer:
R₁ : R₂ = 6 : 4
R₁ : R₂ = 3 : 2
i₁ : i₂ = R₂ : R₁ = 2 : 3
∴ i₁= 2A
i₂ = 3A

10th Class Physics 11th Lesson Electric Current 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the graph of potential difference (V) drawn between two ends of a conductor and current (I) passing through it. Answer the following questions :

a) Which law is used to explain the graph? State it.
b) What is the resistance of the conductor? (AP June 2017)
Answer:
a) Ohm’s law is used to explain the given graph.
Ohm’s Law :
The potential difference between the ends of a conductor is directly proportional to the electric current passing through it at constant temperature.

Question 2.
Draw the experimental set-up to verify that V/I is constant for a conductor. (TS March 2016)
Answer:

Question 3.
A house has 3 tube-lights of 20 watts each. On the average, all the tube-lights are kept on for five hours. Find the energy consumed in 30 days. (AP SCERT : 2019-20)
Answer:
Number of tube lights = 3
Wattage = 20 watts each
Consumed hours = 5 hrs

Consumed energy for 30 days = 0.3 × 30 = 9 KWH (or) 9 units.

Question 4.
How do the resistors 6 Ω, 10 Ω to be connected in a circuit to get minimum resistance? Find the resultant resistant of the circuit. (TS June 2019)
Answer:

1. Resistors 6Ω, 10Ω should be connected in parallel connection in a circuit to get minimum resistance.
2. Resultant resistance
   

Question 5.
Write two examples for ohmiq and non-ohmic materials each. (TS June 2019)
Answer:
Ohmic materials : Copper, Aluminium
Non – ohmic materials : Germanium, Silicon

Question 6.
Give reasons for using lead in making fuses.
Answer:

• Lead is used in making fuses because it has low melting point EK resistivity.
• If the current in the lead wire exceeds certain value, the wire will heat up and melt, so the circuit in the households is opened and all the electric devices are saved.

Question 7.
How can we decide the direction of electric current in a conductor?
Answer:
We know I = nqAv_d. In this n and A are positive. Hence the direction of current is determined by the signs of the charge ‘q’ and drift speed v_d.

1. For electrons, q is negative and v_d is positive. Then the product of q and v_d is negative. So the direction of electric current is opposite to the flow of negative charge.
2. For positive charge, the product of q and v_d is positive. Hence, the direction of electric current can be taken as the direction of flow of positive charges.

Question 8.
What are the devices used in a circuit?
Answer:
1) Ammeter :
It is used to measure current.

2) Volt meter:
It is used to measure potential difference across the ends of conductor.

3) Rheostat:
It varies current in a circuit.

4) Switch :
It is useful to make a circuit or break a circuit.

5) Cell:
It is source of electric energy in the circuit.

6) Multimeter :
It is useful to measure current, voltage and resistance in the circuit.

Question 9.
A student says “Potential difference and Emf are same.” Justify your answer.
Answer:
Both are different because potential difference is the work done by the electric force on unit positive charge to move it through a distance between two points whereas emf is the chemical force to move unit positive charge from negative terminal to positive terminal of the battery.

Question 10.
Define Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors and give two examples each of them.
Answer:
Ohmic conductors :
The conductors which obey Ohm’s law are called ohmic conductors, e.g, : Copper, Iron.

Non-ohmic conductors :
The conductors which do not obey Ohm’s law are called non-ohmic conductors, e.g. : Semiconductors, Electrolytes.

Question 11.
Explain the Junction law of Kirchhoff.
Answer:

1. At any junction point the sum of the currents into the junction must be equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction.
2. There is no accumulation of electric charges at any junction in a circuit.
   I₁ + I₄ + I₆ = I₅ + I₂ + I₃

Question 12.
Write differences between overloading and short circuiting.
Answer:
Current chooses a path which has least resistance. So sometimes electrical appliances get damaged by passage of excess of current due to short circuit.

When so many electrical appliances are connected to the same electrical main point, maximum current can be drawn from the mains which causes overheating and may cause a fire which is called overloading.

Question 13.
The V-I graph for a series combination and for parallel combination of two resistors is shown in figure. Which of the two A or B, represent parallel combination? Give reason for your answer.

Answer:
i) For same change in I, change in V is less for the straight line A than for the straight line B (i.e., straight line A is less steeper than B).
ii) So the straight line A represents small resistance, while straight line B represents more resistance.
iii) In parallel combination, the resistance decreases, while in series combination, the resistance increases, so A represents a parallel combination.

Question 14.
Two resistors are joined with a battery such that
a) same current flows in each resistor.
b) potential difference is small across each resistor.
c) equivalent resistance is less than either of the two resistors.
d) equivalent resistance is more than either of the resistors.
State how are the resistors connected in each of the above case.
Answer:
a) Since same current is flowing in each resistor, they are connected in series.

b) Potential difference is same across same resistor that shows they are connected in parallel.

c) Equivalent resistance is less than the either of the two resistances which shows they are connected in parallel because in parallel connection resistance decreases.

d) Equivalent resistance is more than the individual resistances which indicate that they are connected in series. Since in series connection resistance increases.

Question 15.
Which of the cables, one rated 5A and other 15 A will be thicker wire? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
i) To carry larger current, the resistance of wire should be low, so its area of cross-section should be large.

ii) Because the second cable carrying 15 A ampere current which indicates it has low resistance that is more surface area which implies it is thicker wire.

Question 16.
When a potential difference 30V is applied across a resistor, it draws a current of 3A. If 20V is applied across the same resistor, what will be the current?
Answer:
Situation : 1

Situation : 2

Question 17.
Is Ohm’s Law universally applicable for all conducting elements? If not, give example of elements which do not obey the Ohm’s Law.
Answer:

• Ohm’s Law is not applicable for all conducting elements.
• For example, some semi-conductors like silicon, germanium do not obey the Ohm’s Law.
• Those which do not obey Ohm’s Law are called non-ohmic materials.
• LED’s are non-ohmic materials.

Question 18.
Alloys are used in electrical heating devices rather than the pure metal. Why?
Answer:
Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of two or more metals. Generally alloys have more resistivity than the metals from which they have been prepared. As the resistivity increases heating effect of conductor also increases. So alloys are preferred in heating devices.

Question 19.
A switch should not be touched with wet hands. Why?
Answer:

• A switch should not be touched with wet hands.
• If water reaches the live wire, it forms a conducting layer between the hand and the live wire of the switch through which the current passes to the hand, and the person may get a total shock.

Question 20.
Which material is used for power transmission? Why?
Answer:

• The wires which are used for connections and for power transmission are made of material such as copper or aluminium.
• The reason is their resistivity is very small and they are made thick so that their resistance can be considered to be negligible.
• Further, the loss of electrical energy due to heating is also negligible in them.

Question 21.
Which material is preferred for heating element? Why?
Answer:

• The heating elements or resistance wires (or standard resistors) are made of material such as nichrome, manganin, constantan, etc. for which the resistivity is quite large and the effect of change in temperature on their resistance is negligible.
• So electrical energy is converted into heat energy when current passes through the wire.

Question 22.
Draw the symbols of the following.
i) Battery
ii) Resistance
iii) Ammeter
iv) Voltmeter
v) Key
vi) Rheostat
Answer:

Question 23.
Draw V-I graphs of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors.
Answer:

Question 24.
Draw a circuit diagram with a cell, an electric bulb, an ammeter and plug key.
Answer:

Question 25.
Draw a circuit diagram to verify the Ohm’s Law.
Answer:

Question 26.
If 60 C of charge passes through a conductor for 1 minute, find the current through the conductor.
Answer:

Question 27.
The work done in moving 6 C of charge through a circuit is 12 J. Find the potential difference in the circuit.
Answer:

Question 28.
Resistance of two resistors are 6 Ω, 12 Ω respectively. Find the resultant resistance if the resistors are connected (1) in series (2) in parallel.
Answer:

Question 29.
10 equal resistors of resistance 20 are connected in a circuit. Find the resultant resistance if they are connected in series or in parallel ?
n = 10; R = 20 Ω
In series connection resultant resistance R’ = nR = 10 × 20 = 200 Ω

Question 30.
From the figure find the current through 6 Ω, 12 Ω resistors and find the resultant resistance in the circuit and also find current in the circuit.

Answer:
R₁ =6 Ω; R₂ = 12 Ω; V = 6 V

Question 31.
Find which has greater resistance. 1 KW heater or a 100 W tungsten bulb, both marked for 230 V.
Answer:

Question 32.
Two wires (one is copper and other is aluminium) have equal area of cross-section and have the same resistance. Find which one is longer.
Answer:
Suppose the resistance of copper and aluminium wires are R₁ and R₂. Suppose their area of cross-section is A.
The resistivity of copper (ρ₁) = 1.68 × 10^-8
The resistivity of aluminium (ρ₂) = 2.82 × 10^-8

Question 33.
Three equal resistances are connected In series, then in parallel. What will be the ratio of their resultant resistances?
Answer:
Suppose the resistance of equal resistors is ‘R’. Suppose they are connected in series. Then their equivalent resistance R’ = R + R + R = 3R
If they are connected in parallel their equivalent resistance R” = \(\frac{R}{3}\)
∴ Ratio of resultant resistances = R’: R” = 3R : \(\frac{R}{3}\) = 9 : 1

Question 34.
How is Ideal earthing helpful during short circuiting?
Answer:

• During short circuiting an excessive current flows through the live wires.
• It will pass to earth through the earth wire if there is local earthing otherwise it may cause a fire due to overheating of the live wires.

Question 35.
You have three resistor values 2Ω, 3Ω and 5Ω. How will you join them Sd that the total resistance Is less than 2Ω? Find resultant resistance.
Answer:
Given R₁ = 2Ω, R₂ = 3Ω, R₃ = 5Ω.
The resistors should be joined in parallel.

Question 36.
An electric kettle Is rated 3 KW, 250 V. Give reason whether this kettle can be used in a circuit which contains a 13 A fuse?
Answer:
V = 250 V, P = 3KW = 3000 W

The fuse is suitable because safe limit of current for kettle is 12 A.

Question 37.
Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected parallel. The combination is connected across 6 V battery of negligible resistance. Find, i) the power supplied by the battery and ii) the power dissipated in each resistance.
Answer:
i) R₁ = 4 Ω, R₂ = 6 Ω, V = 6V.

ii) In parallel connection the resultant resistance

Question 38.
In the circuit shown below calculate the value of x if the equivalent resistance between A and B is 4 Ω.

Answer:
Given R₁ = 4 Ω, R₂ = 8Ω, R₃ = x Ω and R₄ = 5 Ω.
And resultant resistance R = 4 Ω.
R₁ and R₂ are in series.
Resultant resistance R’ = R₁ + R₂ = 4Ω + 8Ω = 12 Ω.
R₃ and R₄ are also in series.
Resultant resistance R” = R₃ + R₄ = x + 5
R’ and R” are in parallel.

Question 39.
A wire of 9 Ω resistance having 30 cm length is tripled on itself. What is its new resistance?
Answer:
Given R = 9 Ω, l = 30 cm and suppose area of cross-section A.

10th Class Physics 11th Lesson Electric Current 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A house has four tube-lights, three fans and a television. Each tube-light draws 40 W. The fan draws 80 W and the television draws 100 W. On an average, all the tube-lights are kept on for 5 hours, all fans for 12 hours and the television for 6 hours everyday. Find the cost of electric energy used in 30 days at the rate of Rs. 3.00 per KWH. (AP March 2015)
Answer:
The power used by
1) Four tube-lights of 40 W for 5 hours in 30 days
= 4 × 40 × 5 × 30 = 2400 WH

2) Three fans of 80 W for 12 hours in 30 days
= 3 × 80 × 12 × 30 = 86400 WH

3) One television of 100 W for 6 hours in 30 days
= 1 × 100 × 6 × 30 = 18000 WH

4) Total electric energy used
= 24000 + 86400 + 18000 = 128400 WH

W.H. converted into K.W.H. = 128.4 K.W.H. \(\left[\because \frac{128400}{1000}\right]\)
Cost of 1 unit = Rs. 3.00
Amount to be paid for 128.4 units = 128.4 × 3 = Rs. 385.20

Question 2.
Observe the given circuit. (AP June 2017)
R₁ and R₂ are two resistors and R₁ = R₂ = 4Ω. Emf of the battery E is 10 V.

Answer the following questions.
a) How are the resistors R₁ and R₂ connected in the circuit ?
b) What is the potential difference across R₁?
c) What is the effective resistance of the circuit?
d) What is the total current drawn from the battery?
Answer:
a) Resistors R₁ and R₂ are connected in parallel in the given circuit.
b) The potential difference across R₁ is ‘E’ volts = 10 V.

Question 3.
State Kirchhoff’s Loop law and explain. (AP June 2018)
Answer:
Loop law :
The algebraic sum of the increases and decreases in potential difference across various components of the circuit in a closed circuit loop must be zero.

Explanation :
Let us imagine in a circuit loop the potential difference between the two points at the beginning of the loop has a certain value. As we move around the circuit loop and measures the potential difference across each component in the loop, the potential difference may decrease or increase depending upon the nature of the element like a resistor or battery. But when we have completely traversed the circuit loop and arrive back at starting point. The net change in the potential difference must be zero. Thus the algebraic sum of changes in potential difference is to be zero.
(OR)
Let us apply loop law to a circuit as below.

for the loop ACDBA
– V₂ + I₂R2₂ – I₁R₁ + V₁ = 0

for the loop EFDCE
-(I₁ + I₂)R₃ – I₂R₂ + V₂ = 0

for the loop EFBAE
-(I₁ + I₂)R₃ – I₁R₁ + V₁ = 0

Question 4.

Observe the above diagram and answer the following. (AP March 2018)
a) Are all the resistors connected in parallel or series?
b) What is the equivalent resistance of the combination of three resistors?
c) In this system, which physical quantity is constant?
d) If R₁ = 2Ω, R₂ = 3Ω, R₃ = 4Ω. find equivalent resistance.
Answer:
a) Connected in series.
b) R_eq = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
c) Current (I)
d) R_eq = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
=2 + 3 + 4
= 9Ω

Question 5.
How do you verify that resistance of a conductor of uniform cross-section area is proportional to the length of the conductor at constant temperature? (TS March 2015)
Answer:
Aim :
To verify the relation between re.M+iance and lenath of the conductor.

1) Required material :
Wires or spokes of different lengths with same cross-section area of the same metal.
2) Battery
3) Ammeter
4) Key
5) Connecting wires.

Procedure :
1) Construct a circuit with Battery, Ammeter, Switch (key) and connecting wires, keeping some space at the both ends.
2) Connect the selected wires or spokes at the ends to complete the circuit.

3) Connect the wires or spokes individually and record the current using ammeter.

Conclusion :
If the current flowing in the circuit decreases with an increase in the length of the wire or spokes (Resistance increases), we can say that the resistance of the conductor is proportional to the length of the conductor.

Question 6.
What are the factors affecting the resistance of an electric conductor? Explain any two factors. (TS June 2015)
Answer:
The factors affecting the resistance of an electrical conductor are

1. Nature of material
2. Temperature
3. Length of the conductor
4. Area of cross-section of conductor

Explanation :

1. As the temperature increases the resistance increases and vice versa.
2. As the material changes resistance changes.
3. Resistance is directly proportional to length of the conductor (if T and A are kept constant). R ∝ l
4. Resistance is inversely proportional to area of cross-section (if 1 and T are kept constant). R ∝ \(\frac{1}{A}\)

Question 7.
What is the relationship between length of a conductor and its resistance? Write the experimental procedure to verify that relationship. (TS Junc 2017)
Answer:

• The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its lenght for a constant potential difference.
• Take iron spokes of different lengths with same cross-sectional arreas.
• Make a circuit by connecting an iron spoke with battery, ammeter and switch in series.
• Put the switch on and allow the current to pass in the circuit. Measure the ammeter reading.
• Repeat this for other lengths of the iron spokes. Note the corresponding values of currents.
• The resistance of each spoke increases with increase in the length of the spoke.

Question 8.
Find the resultant resistance for the following given arrangement. Find the current when this arrangement is connected with 9 V battery. (TS March 2017)

Answer:
The diagram is not clear so award 4 marks in the public examinations.

Question 9.
12 V battery is conncected in a circuit and to this 4Ω, 12Ω resistors are connected in parallel, 3Ω resistor is connected in series to this arrangement. Draw the electric circuit from this information and find the current in the circuit. (TS June 2018)
Answer:

Question 10.
In a circuit,60V battery, three resistances R₁ = 10 Ω, R₂ = 20 Ω and R₃ = x Ω are connected in series. If 1 ampere current flows in the circuit, find the resistance in R₃ by using Kirchhoffs loop law. (TS March 2018)
Answer:

Given
I = 1 amp
R₁ = 10Ω
R₂ = 20Ω
R₃ = xΩ
V = 60V
In ADCBA loop
– IR₃ – IR₂ – IR₁ + V = 0
– lx – 1 × 20- 1 × 10 + 60 = 0
– x – 30 + 60 = 0
– x + 30 = 0
x = 30Ω

Question 11.
List out the material required for the experiment “The effect of increasing of cross-section of a conductor upon its resistance” and write the experimental procedure. (TS June 2019)
Answer:
Aim :
To show that the effect of increasing of cross-section of a conductor upon its resistance.

Required Material :
Battery eliminator, Key, Ammeter, Manganin wires of equal lengths but different cross sectional areas, Copper connecting wires.

Procedure :

• Collect manganin wires of equal lengths but different cross sectional areas.
• Make a circuit as shown in the figure.

• Connect one of the wires between points ‘P’ and ‘Q’.
• Note the value of the current using the ammeter connected to the circuit and note it.
• Repeat this with other wires.
• Note the corresponding values of currents in each case and note them.

Conclusion :
We can notice that the current flowing through the wire increases with increasing their cross sectional area.

Question 12.
Derive an expression to find drift velocity of electrons.
Answer:

• Consider a conductor with cross sectional area A. Assume that the two ends of the conductor are connected to a battery to make the current flow through it.
• Let ‘v_d‘ be the drift speed of the charges and ‘n’ be the number of charges present in the conductor in a unit volume.
• The distance covered by each charge in one second is ‘v_d‘

• Then the volume of the conductor for this distance = Av_d
• ∴ The number of charges contained in that volume = n.Av_d
• Let q be the charge of each carrier.
• Then the total charge crossing the cross sectional area at position D in one second is ‘n q A_d‘.
  This is equal to electric current.
  ∴ Electric current I = n q Av_d.
  ∴ v_d = \(\frac{I}{nqA}\)

Question 13.
Derive an expression to measure emf of a battery.
Answer:
Electromotive force (emf) is defined as the work done by the chemical force to move unit positive charge from negative terminal to positive terminal of the battery.

1. Let this chemical force be F_c.

2. This chemical force does some work to move a negative charge ‘q’ from positive terminal to negative terminal against the electric force Fe. Let this work be ‘W’.

3. ∴ The work done by the chemical force to move 1 coloumb of charge from the

This S.I unit of emf is ‘volt’ and is measured using voltmeter.

Question 14.
What are the factors on which the resistance of conductor depends? Give the corresponding relation.
Answer:

• The value of resistance of a conductor depends on temperature for constant potential difference.
• Resistance of a conductor depends on the material of the conductor.
• Resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length, i.e., R ∝ l.
• Resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to the area of cross-section of the material, i.e., R ∝ \(\frac{1}{A}\)

Question 15.
What do you mean by (i) short circuit (ii) overloading? What are the safety precautions taken to avoid these problems in domestic electric circuits?
Answer:
Short circuit:
Sometimes current chooses a path which has least resistance which is called short circuit.

Overloading :
The over heating due to drawing excess of current from a single main is called overloading.
Precautions to avoid damage due to short circuit and overloading.

1. Using fuse
2. Connecting electrical appliances in various mains.
3. Earthing

Question 16.
A circuit is set up as shown in the figure. Calculate the current and potential difference across R₁, R₂ and R₃, when
a) keys K₁ and K₂ are both closed,
b) key K₁ is closed and K₂ is open,
c) key K₁ is open and K₂ is closed.

Answer:
a) When both the keys K₁ and K₂ are closed :
The resistors R₁ and R₃ are parallel.
So resultant resistance R_p = \(\frac{R_{1} R_{3}}{R_{1}+R_{3}}=\frac{6 \times 4}{6+4}\) = 2.4 Ω.
The resistor R₁ and R_p are in series as shown in figure.

Total resistance of circuit R_s= R₁ + R_p = 6 + 2.4 = 8.4 Ω
Current I = \(\frac{V}{R_{S}}=\frac{4.2}{8.4}\) = 0.5 =A.
Potential difference across R₁ is V₁ = IR₁ = 0.5 × 6 = 3V.
Potential difference across the combination of R₂ and R₃ is
V’ = V – V₁ = 4.2 – 3 = 1.2 V.
Now since R₂ and R₃ are in parallel,
Potential difference across R₂ = Potential difference atross R₃ = V’ = 1.2 V

b) When the key K₁ is closed and key K₂ is open : The resistor R₃ will not be in circuit.
The resistors R₁ and R₂ are in series.
Total, resistance R_s = R₁ + R₂ = 6 + 6=12 Ω.
Current I = \(\frac{V}{R_{s}}=\frac{4.2}{12}\) = 0.35 A
The same current will flow through each resistor R₁ and R₂.
Potential difference across R₁ is V₁ = IR₁ = 0.35 × 6 = 2.1 V.
Potential difference across R₂ is V₂ = IR₂ = 0.35 × 6 = 2.1 V.
The current and potential difference across R₃ will be zero.

c) When key K₁ is open and key K₂ is closed :
No current flows through R₁ R₂ and R₃ since the circuit is incomplete. Hence potential difference across R₁, R₂ and R₃ is zero.

Question 17.
For the combination of resistance shown in figure, find the equivalent resistance between (a) C and D, (b) A and B.

Answer:
a) Between C and D :
The resistors R₂, R₃ and R₄ are in series. They can be replaced by an equivalent resistance R_s where
R_s = R₂ + R₃ + R₄ = 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 Ω
The resistance R₅ and R_s are in parallel between the points C and D.
The equivalent resistance between C and D then

Thus the equivalent resistance between C and D is 2.25 Ω.

b) Between A and B :
Now the resistors R₁, R_p and R₆ are in series between the points a and B.

The equivalent resistance between A and B is
R_AB = R₁ + R_p + R₆ = 3 +2.25 + 3 = 8.25 Ω.

Question 18.
How does resistance and resistivity vary with temperature?
Answer:

• For a metallic conductor, the resistance increases w ith the increase in temperature. The resistance of filament of bulb is more w hen it is glowing than when it is not glowing. The specific resistance or resistivity also increases with increase in temperature.
• For alloys (such as constantan and manganin), the resistance and the resistivity remains practically unchanged with the increase in temperature.
• For semi conductors (such as silicon, germanium, etc.), the resistance decreases with the increase in temperature.
  eg.: the resistance of carbon also decreases with the increase in its temperature.

Question 19.
Why is a copper wire unsuitable for making fuse wire?
Answer:

• A fuse is a short piece of wire made up of a material of high resistivity and of low melting point so that it may easily melt due to overheating when current in excess to the prescribed limit passes through it.
• The thickness of wire is different in different fuses depending on the amount of current which is permitted to flow through them.
• Generally an alloy of lead and tin is used as the material of the fuse wire because it has a high resistivity and low’ melting point.
• A copper wire is unsuitable for using as fuse wire because copper has low resistivity and high melting point.
• Therefore the use of an ordinary’ wire as a fuse must be avoided.

Question 20.
Why is current rating of a fuse required?
Answer:
1) The electric wiring for light and fan circuit uses a thin fuse wire of low current carrying capacity because the line wire has a current carrying capacity of 5A.

2) Thicker fuse wires of higher current carry ing capacity (15 A) are used for large current consuming appliances such as air conditioner, geyser, washing machine, etc. because the line wire for such dev ices have current carrying capacity of 15A.
The current rating of a fuse in a circuit can be obtained by the following relation.

Question 21.
Describe the activity with the help of diagram to establish the relationship between Current (I) flowing in a conductor and potential difference (V) maintained across its ends.
Answer:
Aim :
To establish the relationship between Current (I) flowing in a conductor and potential difference (V) maintained across its ends.

Material required :
5 dry cells of 1.5 V each, conducting wires, an ammeter, a volt meter, thin iron spoke of length 10 cm, LED and key.
Diagram :

Procedure :

• Connect a circuit as shown in the figure.
• Solder the conducting wires to the ends of the iron spoke.
• Close the key.
• Note the readings- of current from ammeter and potential difference from volt meter in the given table,

• Now connect two cells (in series) instead of one cell in the circuit.
• Note the respective readings of the ammeter and voltmeter and record the values in the table.
• Repeat the same for three cells, four cells and five cells respectively.
• Record the values of V and I corresponding to each case in the table.
•  Find \(\frac{V}{I}\) for each set of values.
  Conclusion : The ratio of \(\frac{V}{I}\) is constant.
• From this activity we can conclude that the potential difference between the ends of the iron spoke (conductor) is directly proportional to the current passing through it. This means V ∝ I.

Question 22.
In an experiment to verify Ohm’s Law the following values are given below. Draw a graph of ‘I’ versus ‘V’. Show that the graph conforms Ohm’s Law and find the resistance of the resistor.

Answer:
1) Graph between ‘V’ and ‘I’.

2) From the above graph,
Straight line §hows that the relation between potential difference (V) and current (I) as \(\frac{V}{I}\) is constant.

3) V ∝ I.

4) The potential difference between the ends of a conductor is directly prbportional to the electric current passing through it at constant temperature.

5) This is the Ohm’s Law and the graph conforms it.
Resistance of the resistor

Question 23.
Identify the defects 1ft the circuit. Redraw it.

Answer:
Defects in the circuit:

1. Ammeter was connected in parallel in the circuit.
2. Volt meter was connected in series in the circuit.
3. Positions of resistor and battery were reversed.

Correct diagram :

Question 24.
What is the advantage of MCB over fuse?
Answer:

• These days instead of fuses, Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB) are used for each lighting circuit.
• They switch off the circuit in a very short time duration in case of short-circuiting or some fault in the line.
• After repairing the fault in the circuit, the MCB is again switched on.
• Thus, the use of MCB is better than a fuse. It avoids the inconvenience of connecting a new fuse wire and it is much safer due to its quick response.

Question 25.
A circuit is shown in the picture.

The current passing through A is I.
a) What is the potential difference between A and B?
b) What is the equivalent resistance between A and B?
c) What amount of current is flowed through C and D?
Answer:
a) According to KirchhofPs loop law the algebraic sum of increase and decrease in potential difference across various components of the circuit in a closed circuit loop must be zero.
So the potential difference across CD is zero because it is a closed loop.

b) Here 20 Ω, 5 Ω are parallel to each other and resultants are in series to each other. Resultant resistance of 20 Ω and 5 Ω.

Question 26.

Observe the picture. The potential values at A, B, C are 70 V, 0 V, 10 V
a) What is the potential at D?
b) Find the ratio of the flow of current in AD, DB, DC.
Answer:

a) By following Ohm’s law potential difference is (V) = IR
In the given circuit we are applying junction laws.
‘D’ works as junction so, I = I₁ + I₂
Let p.d at D is V₀.

b)

Question 27.
Observe the circuit R₁ = R₂ = R₃ = 200 Ω. If reading of voltmeter is 100 V, resistance of voltmeter is 1000 Ω.
Find the Emf of the battery.

Answer:
Given values are R₁ = R₂ = R₃ = 200 Ω.
and Voltmeter reading = V = 100 V.
Resistance of Voltmeter = R_v = 1000 Ω.
In the given circuit R₁ and R₂ are in series R = R₁ + R₂ = 200 + 200 = 400 Ω
Resultant resistance (400 Ω) and voltmeter (1000 Ω) are always in parallel.

Question 28.
A circuit is made with a copper wire as shown in the diagram. We know that conductor’s resistance is directly proportional to its length. Calculate the equivalent resistance between points 1 and 2.

Answer:

Let the resistance of the wire be ‘R’ and length of the wire be ‘l’.
The shape of the circuit be square length of the side (l) = R
In a square, diagonal is \(\sqrt{2}\) times its length = \(\sqrt{2}\)l
Resistance towards diagonal is \(\sqrt{2}\)R
The circuit diagrams for the given arrangement are along PTR and QTS is ineffective as no current flows through it.
PQ and PS are in series so effective resistance is R₁ + R₂ = R + R = 2R.
QR and SR are in series so effective resistance is R₁ + R₂ = R + R = 2R.
Redrawn of the circuit again as resultant resistance between the points 1 and 2 is

Question 29.
From the adjacent figure,

i) Find the potential at D.
ii) Find the current that passes through AD, DB and DC.
Answer:
Suppose from A and C current is flowing through the circuit and at B current is flowing away from the circuit. Suppose potential at D is V.
∴ I₁ + I₂ = I₃ (where I₁ I₂ are current into the junction. I₃ is the current away from the junction)

Question 30.
Find the electric current drawn from the battery of emf 8V from the given circuit.
Answer:

According Kirchhoffs loop law
6I₁ + 3I₁ – 8 = 0
9I₁ = 8
I₁ \(\frac{8}{9}\) = 0.89 A
∴ Cuttent in 8 V is 0.89 A

Question 31.
A household uses the following electric appliances.
i) Refrigerator of rating 400 W each for ten hours each day.
ii) Two electric fans of rating 80 W each for 12 hours each day.
iii) Six electric tubes of rating 18 W each for 6 hours each day. Calculate the electric bill of the household in a month if the cost per unit electric energy is Rs. 3.00.
Answer:
i) Electrical energy consumed by Refrigerator in a month (in KWH)

ii) Electrical energy consumed by two electrical fans in a month (in KWH)

iii) Electrical energy consumed by electric tubes in a month (in KWH)

Total electrical energy consumed by all the electrical appliances
= 120 + 57.6 + 19.44 = 197.04 units
Cost of 1 unit = ₹ 3
Cost of 197.04 units = 197.04 × 3 = ₹ 591.12

Question 32.
What is the reason for connecting the fuse in the live wire?
Answer:

• The fuse is always connected in the live wire of the circuit.
• If the fuse is put in the neutral wire, due to excessive flow of current the fuse burns, current stops flowing in the circuit.
• But the appliance remains connected to the high potential point of the supply through the live wire.
• Now if a person touches the appliance, he may get a shock as the person will come in contact with the live wire through the appliance.

Question 33.
In the diagram given below, two resistors R₁ and R₂ of 3Ω and 6Ω respectively are connected in parallel across a battery of potential difference 12 V. Calculate the electrical energy consumed in 1 minute in each resistance.

Answer:
Given R₁ = 3 Ω, R₂ = 6 Ω, V= 12 V, t = 1 min 60 sec.
The resistors R₁ and R₂ are connected in parallel, so the voltage V across each resistor is equal to 12 V.

Question 34.
Calculate the electrical energy consumed in a month, in a house using 2 bulbs of 100 W each and 2 fans of 60 W each, if the bulbs and fans are used for an average of 10 hours each day.
If the cost per unit is ₹ 3, calculate the amount of electrical bill to be paid per month.
Answer:
Given power of each bulb = 100 W
Power of each fan = 60 W
Time t =10 hours each day
Power of 2 bulbs = 2 × 100 = 200 W
Power of 2 fans = 2 × 60 = 120 W
Total power = 200 + 120 = 320 W = \(\frac{320}{1000}\) = 0.32 KW
Time duration of consumption 10 hours per day per month
= 10 hours × 30 = 300 hours
∴ Total energy consumed = Total power x Time duration
= 0.32 KW × 300 h = 96 KWh
∴ Total cost = 96 x 3 = ₹ 288.

Question 35.
What resistance must be connected to a 15 Ω resistance to provide an effective resistance of 6 Ω?
Answer:
Given R₁ = 15 Ω, R₂ = ?, Effective resistance R_p = 6 Ω.
Since the effective resistance has decreased, R2 must be connected in parallel with R₁