SCERT AP Board 7th Class Social Solutions 13th Lesson The Kings of Vijayanagara Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Studies Solutions 13th Lesson The Kings of Vijayanagara

7th Class Social Studies 13th Lesson The Kings of Vijayanagara Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
Why were the Portuguese travellers interested in the forts and armies of Vijayanagara kings?
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first European country to have a trade relationship with India.
By the time of Krishnadeva Raya, the Portuguese had established their power over some parts of the west coast such as Goa. They wanted to colonise India to get raw materials and spices at cheaper rates and markets for their manufactured goods. For this, they wanted to attain political dominance Over the local kingdoms. In this pro¬cess the travellers were sent to study their military strength and about their forts. So the Portuguese travellers were interested in knowing about the forts and armies of Vijayanagara kings.

Question 2.
Why did the kings of Vijayanagara live in a separate quarter and not in the middle of the city as in Orugallu?
Answer:
Orugallu city was constructed around the temple of Lord Siva. So for the sake of protection the kings lived in the centre of the city.
Many secular structures bearing Islamic features were present in the Vijayanagara apine architecture. There are many arches domes and vaults in those constructions. The Royal centre zone is subdivided into irregular interlocking compounds by high slender walls built of tightly fitted granite blocks that face a rubble cone. So because of these safety measures the kings of Vijayanagara lived in a separate quarter.

AP Board 7th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 13 The Kings of Vijayanagara

Question 3.
Historians feel that the Vijayanagara state was highly militarized. In what way do you think it would have affected the common people?
Answer:
Since the kingdom of Vijayanagara was a highly militarized one, it was free from inva¬sions. Thus there was peace and security in the Vijayanagara kingdom. But they spent a lot of money on acquiring guns and cannons, and for purchasing horses. They employed Muslims and the Portuguese to get their soldiers trained in the modern war¬fare. They must have levied heavy taxes on the common people to pay for the military expenditure. Thus the common people must have affected by the heavy taxation.

Question 4.
Why were the Amaranayakas very powerful?
Answer:
Most of the Amaranayakas were Telugu warriors. They recruited their soldiers. These armies were loyal to the Nayakas rather than to the king. They were the revenue, military and judicial heads of their own land assignments. They have the responsibilities of maintaining a certain number of troops, collecting revenue from his land assignments, administering his land holdings and having judicial powers.
So with lots of power and authority over his assignments, there is no wonder for them to become so powerful that when a king died they took power in their own hands and themselves became kings.

Question 5.
Compare the Amaranayakas with the old chiefs of Kakatiyas. Were they different or similar – in what way?
Answer:
The chiefs under Kakatiyas like nayakas under Vijayanagara kings, usually collected several taxes and dues from farmers, herders and craftspersons. The Kakatiya chiefs enjoyed the ownership of the land and got it cultivated for them by tenants. But nayakas of Vijayanagara were given land assignments by the king.
The Kakatiya chiefs spent more of their income on their own comfort than to maintain armies. Whereas the nayakas spent more of their income to maintain armies. Like the Nayakas of Vijayanagara, the Kakatiya chiefs also built tanks and provided other facilities to enable farmers to bring more land under cultivation. Both the officers had to maintain the stipulated number of armies. Unlike the chiefs, the nayakas of Vijayanagara had the other obligations of the judiciary.
But the nayankara system of Kakatiya is very much similar to amaranayaka system of the Vijayanagara kingdom.

AP Board 7th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 13 The Kings of Vijayanagara

Question 6.
Why was the Vijayanagara army dependent on imports from the western coast?
Answer:
Through the western ports war horses from Arabia and Portugal could be im¬ported. Guns were another strategic good Jhat was obtained through the ports. The Portuguese had established their power over some parts of the west coast such as Goa. Krishnadevaraya maintained friendly relationships with the Portuguese in order to get a supply of horses and firearms from them.
So the Vijayanagara army was dependent upon imports from the western coasts.

Question 7.
Krishnadeva Raya fought against several enemies in order to consolidate his kingdom. Make a list of all of them.
Answer:
Krishnadeva Raya led the armies successfully against
a) The Bahmani Sultans
b) The Gajapatis of Odisha and
c) he subdued several chiefs who had revolted in Karnataka, Andhra and Tamil regions. These victories gave him control over the entire region south of river Krishna and especially control over the ports of the eastern coast.

Question 8.
What services were rendered to Telugu literature by the Vijayanagara Kings?
(OR)
Explain the role played by the kings of Vijayanagara in developing Telugu literature.
(OR)
Mention services rendered’ by Vijayanagara kingdom ruler Sri Krishna Devaraya to Telugu literature.
Answer:
At the peak of Telugu literature by the Vijayanagara Kings, the most famous writing Was Manucharitramu. King Krishnadeva Raya was an accomplished Telugu scholar and wrote Amuktamalyada. In his court were the eight famous scholars regarded as the pillars of the literary assembly (Ashta diggajas). This was the age of Srinatha. The Vijayanagara period was the golden age of Telugu literature.

AP Board 7th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 13 The Kings of Vijayanagara

Question 9.
Locate the following on the India map.
a) Hampi
b) Bijapur
c) Tirupati
d) Srisailam
e) Kanchipuram
f) River Tungabhadra
Answer:
AP Board 7th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 13 The Kings of Vijayanagara 1

Question 10.
Discuss the support of various kingdoms to Telugu literature.
Answer:
The support of various kingdoms to Telugu literature:

  1. The kings of various kingdoms encouraged and gave shelter to many great poets and patronised Telugu literature.
  2. During this period great literature was written by these poets.
  3. Krishnadeva Raya was also a patron of Telugu literature and he himself composed the poetic work Amuktamalyada on the life of Andal, the Tamil Bhakta poetess. His court was adorned with eight poets popularly known as “Ashtadiggajas”. They are Allasani Peddana, Mukku Thimmana, Dhurjati, Ramaraja Bhushan, Teriali Ramakrishna, Pingali Surana, Ayyalaraju Ramabadhrudu and Madayagari Mallana.
  4. Sultan Ibrahim Qutub Shah (1550-1580) patronized Telugu literature. Famous Telugu poets of Ibrahim Qutub Shah’s period were Singanacharyudu, Addanki Gangadharudu, Kandukuru Rudrakavi and Ponnaganti Telaganarya.