Category: Class 10

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 1 India: Relief Features.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Important Questions 1st Lesson India: Relief Features

10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
According to the given table below, which area is the eastern side?

Date	Area: Imphal		Area: Dwaraka
	Sunrise	Sunset	Sunrise	Sunset
Jan 3	05.53	16.34	07.19	18.07

Answer:
According to the given table, Imphal is the eastern side.

Question 2.
What is the time In India when it is 8 am in London?
Answer:
The time is 1.30 pm in India when It is 8 am in London.

Question 3.
Which Indian islands are of volcanic origin?
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar islands are of volcanic origin.
(OR)
Narkondam and Barren islands are of volcanic origin.

Question 4.
Give examples for Himalayan hill stations.
Answer:
Examples for the Himalayan hill stations are

1. Simla
2. Mussoorie
3. Raniket
4. Nainital

Question 5.
Read the map given and answer the questions.

a) Name the latitude that divides India into two parts.
Answer:
Tropic of Cancer / 23°30′ Northern latitude.
b) On which longitude, is Indian Standard Time based upon?
Answer:
82°30′ Eastern longitude.

Question 6.
Mention any one difference between the physical features of the Andaman and Nicobar islands and the Lakshadweep.
Answer:

Andaman and nicobar Islands	Lakshadweep Islands
Stretched in Bay of Bengal Some of these are of volcanic origin	Stretched in Arabian Sea Coral origin

Question 7.
Mention any two differences between the Western and Eastern Ghats.
Answer:

Eastern ghats	Western ghats
Less height	More height
Not continuous ranges	Continuous ranges
No origin of rivers	Rivers originate
Highest peak is Aroma Konda	Highest peak is Anaimudi

Question 8.
Write any two unique features of Eastern Coastal Plain?
Answer:
Unique features of East Coastal Plain

1. East Coastal Plains are very wide.
2. The rivers which are flowing in this area are formed deltas.
3. These plains are agriculturally developed.
4. These Plains has lakes.

Question 9.
Name the landform from which the World originated.
Answer:
World originated from two giant lands namely Angara Land (Laurasia) and Gondwana Land.

Question 10.
What is the location of India?
Answer:
India is located between 8°4’ and 37°6′ north latitudes and 68°7′ and 97°25′ east longitudes.

Question 11.
What do you mean by “Doab”?
Answer:
The fertile land between two rivers is known as the Doab feature. ‘Do’ means two, ‘ab’ means water.

Question 12.
Name three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.
Answer:
Three parallel ranges are there in the Himalayas. They are

1. the Himadri
2. the Himachal
3. the Shivalik.

Question 13.
Name the tributaries of Indus.
Answer:
The Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej are the tributaries of Indus.

Question 14.
Name the tributaries of the Ganga.
Answer:
The Ghaggar, the Teesta, the Sone, the Kosi and the Yamuna are the tributaries of the Ganga.

Question 15.
Expand IST.
Answer:
Indian Standard Time.

Question 16
Expand GMT.
Answer:
Greenwich Mean Time.

Question 17.
What do you mean by “Dun”? Give one example.
Answer:
The valleys lying between the lesser Himalayas and Shivalik ranges are called “Duns’’, e.g. Dehra Dun.

Question 18.
Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?
Answer:
India, South Africa, Australia and South America were part of the Gondwana land.

Question 19.
Name three major divisions of the Himalayas from North to South.
Answer:

1. The Greater Himalayas or Himadri.
2. The Lesser Himalayas or Himachal.
3. The Shivaliks or Outer Himalayas.

Question 20.
Name the island group of India having a coral origin.
Answer:
Lakshadweep.

Question 21.
What is the peninsular plateau composed of?
Answer:
The peninsular plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks

Question 22.
Identify the regional division of the Northern plains.
Answer:

1. Punjab plain
2. Ganga plain
3. Brahmaputra plain.

Question 23.
What are the relief features that are found in the Northern plains?
Answer:

1. Bhabar
2. Terai
3. Bhangar
4. Khadar

Question 24.
Which landform feature was a part of Gondwana land?
Answer:
Peninsular Plateau.

Question 25.
Which plateau lies between the Aravalis and the Vindhya range?
Answer:
Malwa Plateau.

Question 26.
Where are the Aravali hills located?
Answer:
The Aravali hills are located on the western and north-western margins of the peninsular plateau in Rajasthan.

Question 27.
What is Bhangar?
Answer:
Bhangar is the largest part of the northern plains and is formed by the oldest alluvium.

Question 28.
What is Khadar?
Answer:
The younger alluvium deposit is called Khadar.

Question 29.
What is a reef?
Answer:
A ridge of jagged rock formed from coral secretions and skeletons.

Question 30.
Name some kinds of reefs.
Answer:
Barrier reef, coral reef and fringing reef.

Question 31.
What was called Angara land?
Answer:
The northern part of Pangaea was called Angara land.

Question 32.
What are known as Purvanchal?
Answer:
The Himalayas in the north-eastern states are known as the Purvanchal hills.

Question 33.
Where is the Kanchenjunga peak?
Answer:
The Kanchenjunga peak is in Sikkim.

Question 34.
Which is the second highest peak in the Himalayas?
Answer:
K₂, in the Karakoram range, is the second-highest peak after Mount Everest.

Question 35.
Name the valleys in the Himachal range.
Answer:
Kangra, Kulu and Kashmir valley.

Question 36.
What are Duns?
Answer:
The longitudinal valleys between the Lesser Himalayas and the Shivaliks are known as Duns,
e.g.: Dehradun, Patli dun and Kotli dun.

Question 37.
Where is Bhabar located?
Answer:
Bhabar is located at the foot of the Shivaliks.

Question 38.
What are the two divisions in the Peninsular Plateau?
Answer:
Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau.

Question 39.
Which is the easternmost part of the central highlands?
Answer:
The Chotanagapur Plateau is the eastern-most part of the central highlands.

Question 40.
What is the other name of Ooty?
Answer:
Udagamandalam.

Question 41.
Which is a narrow coastal plain?
Answer:
The Western coastal plain is a narrow plain.

Question 42.
Name the Peninsular rivers.
Answer:
The Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauveri.

10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mention the major relief divisions of Indian landmass.
Answer:
The relief divisions of Indian landmass can be divided into following groups :

1. The Himalayas
2. The Indo-Gangetic Plain
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Coastal Plains
5. The Desert
6. The Islands

Question 2.
Study the following map and answer the questions given below:
a) Name the two countries that share their land boundaries with India.
b) In between which latitudes, is India located?
Answer:
a) Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar.
b) 8°4′ – 37°6′ Northern latitudes.

Question 3.
Observe the map given below and answer the following questions.
a) What is the distance between the eastern and western most points of India?
b) Name any two countries that share their boundaries with India.
Answer:
a) The distance between the eastern and the western most points of India is 2933 kms.
b) Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, China and Bhutan.

Question 4.
Discuss the significant differences between the Himalayan Rivers and the Peninsular Rivers.
Answer:

The Himalayan Rivers	The Peninsular Rivers
1. The Himalayan Rivers are Perennial.	1. The Peninsular rivers are seasonal in nature.
2. They originated in Glaciers.	2. They originated in Western ghats and highlands.
3. Himalayan Rivers changes their way frequently.	3. These rivers has fixed course.
4. These rivers irrigate the northern plains.	4. These rivers irrigate the Deccan Plateau.
5. They made the northern plains fertile.	5. These rivers are straight.

Question 5.
Discuss the various islands in India.
Answer:

1. There are 2 groups of islands – Andaman and Nicobar Islands stretched in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea.
2. In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Narkondam and Barren islands are volcanic origin.
3. The southernmost tip of India found in Nicobarlsland is called Indira point which was submerged during the 2004 Tsunami.
4. Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin.
5. It is famous for great variety of flora and fauna.

Question 6.
Himalayas play a vital role in India’s development. How?
Answer:

1. The Himalayas affect the climate of India by blocking cold air blowing from Siberia and Central Asia.
2. They are reason for the monsoon type of climate in India.
3. Without the Himalayas India would have remained drier.
4. The rivers originating in the glaciers of the Himalaya are perennial and caused the economic growth of the northern plains.
5. The Himalayan valleys are known for the cultivation of fruits.
6. The rivers of the Himalayas for the formation of fertile.

Question 7.
How are the Himalayas divided regionally or on the basis of river valleys?
Answer:

1. Punjab Himalayas between rivers Indus and Sutlej.
2. Kumaon Himalayas between rivers Sutlejjind Kali.
3. Nepal Himalayas between rivers Kali and Teesta.
4. Assam Himalayas between rivers Teesta and Brahmaputra.

Question 8.
Look at the picture and comment on it.
Answer:
It is a sketch of different levels of vegetation in the Himalayas. There are 5 levels in that vegetation.
Level I: On the top of the mountains there is no vegetation.
Level II: On the hill slopes – there is only grass.
Level III: Next to the level II – this area is covered with conifers.
Level IV: Next to level III – this area is covered with broadleaf trees.
Level V: At the feet of the mountains. It is Terai with tree cover.

Question 9.
Write a short note on the Great Indian Desert.
Answer:
The Great Indian desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravalli Hills.
The region gets scanty rainfall. Hence the climate is arid and vegetation is scanty. Luni is the only large river. Some streams appear during rainy season. Crescent-shaped duns are formed around in this area.

10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
1. Describe any four of major relief divisions of Indian land mass.
Answer:
I. Himalayas:

1. To the north of India, Himalayan mountains extend from west to east at a length around 2400 Kms.
2. There are three parallel ranges viz. Himadri, Himachal and Shivaliks.

II. Indo-Gangetic Plains:

1. Indo-Gangetic Plain is formed with the interaction of the rivers Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
2. These fertile alluvial plains are suitable for agriculture.

III. Peninsular Plateau:

1. The Indian plateau is also known as the peninsular plateau as it is surrounding by the sea on the three sides.
2. It is broadly divided into two parts : Malwa plateau and Deccan plateau.

IV. Coastal Plains:

1. The Western coastal plain is extended between Western Ghats and Arabian Sea. The East coastal plain is extended between Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal.
2. These coastal plains are known locally by different names.
   Eg: Coast of AP – Circar Coast
   Coast of Kerala – Malabar coast etc.

V. Thar Desert:

1. Thar desert lies in the rain shadow region of Aravali mountains.
2. Luni is the only river in this region.

VI. Islands:

1. Andaman and Nicobar islands are in Bay of Bengal. They are of volcanic origin.
2. Lakshadweep islands are in Arabian Sea. They are of coral origin.

Question 2.
Explain the uses of Himalayas.
Answer:

1. Himalayas act as natural barriers on the northern side of India.
2. They protect India from the cold winds from Central Asia during severe winter
3. The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains.
4. The himalayas are responsible for monsoon type of climate.
5. If there are no Himalayas, India will remain as a desert.
6. They are the origin for many perennial rivers.
7. They attract tourists from all over the world.
8. Himalayan rivers bring a lot of silt, making the northern plains very fertile.

Question 3.
Describe the Indian Islands.
Answer:

1. There are two groups of islands in India.
2. They are Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands.
3. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in Bay of Bengal.
4. Lakshadweep islands are in Arabian Sea.
5. In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Narkondam and Barren islands are of volcanic origin.
6. Lakshadweep islands are of coral origin.
7. Indira point, the southernmost tip of India is found in Nicobar Island.
8. Lakshadweep islands are famous for great variety of flora and fauna.

Question 4.
In what ways is the Indo-Gangetic plain different from the Peninsular plateau?
Answer:

Indo – Gangetic plain	Peninsular plateau
1. This plain area was formed due to deposition of sediments brought by rivers.	1. Plateau region was formed due to volcanic eruption.
2. It consists of alluvial soil.	2. It is mainly composed of the old crystalline, hard igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks.
3. It has fertile alluvial soils and flat surface.	3. It has a rugged surface.
4. It provides much irrigation facilities.	4. It also provides much irrigation facilities.
5. Plain regions have perennial rivers. ,	5. Plateau region does not have any perennial river.
6. Plains are rich in agriculture practice.	6. Plateau region is rich in mineral resources.

Question 5.
Read the following paragraph and comment on Indian climate and the Himalayas.
The formation of the Himalayas influences the climate in various ways. These act as barriers protecting the great plains of India from the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter. The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type of climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India. In its absence, this region would have remained drier.
Answer:

1. The Himalayas affect the climate of India by blocking cold air blowing from the North that comes from Siberia.
2. Without the Himalayas, India would get cold temperatures in the winter months.
3. The Himalayas form a natural barrier that prevents monsoon winds from going further north.
4. The Himalayas are reason for summer rains and monsoon type climate in the regions that are beyond the western ghats of India.
5. In its absence this region would have remained drier.
6. India would have been a tropical desert.
7. The Himalayas are the birthplace of so many rivers.
8. These rivers bring a lot of silt, making these plains very fertile.

Question 6.
How the Himalayas are influencing the climate of India and agriculture?
Answer:

1. The Himalayas are obstructing cold winds.
2. The Himalayas are reason for rains in summer.
3. They are cause for seasonal climate.
4. If there is no Himalayas the northern region becomes dry.
5. The flow of the Himalayan rivers, making the plains very fertile.

Question 7.
Write about the similarities and differences between East Coastal Plains and West Coastal Plains.
Answer:
Similarities :

1. They are the physical features of India. 2) They both lie in the southern part of India.
2. They both lie near to the coast.

Differences:

Eastern Coastal Plains	Western Coastal Plains
1. Eastern coastal plains is a belt of plain region lying towards the east between Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal.	1. Western coastal plains is a belt of plain region lying towards the west between Western Ghats and Arabian Sea.
2. Eastern coastal plains are comparatively wider.	2. This belt of plains is narrow in width.
3. Eastern coastal plains are very fertile because rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery deposit their sediments during delta formation.	3. Western coastal plains are less fertile because no major river is engaged in sediment deposition.
4. Eastern plains receive comparatively lesser rainfall.	4. Western plains receive more rainfall.
5. From north to south, Eastern coastal plains are divided into Utkal coast, Sircar coast and Coramandal coast.	5. From north to south, Western coastal plains are divided into Konkan coast, Canara coast and Malabar coast.

Question 8.
Explain the differences between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats,
Answer:

Eastern Ghats	Western Ghats
1. The Eastern Ghats start from Bhuvaneswar in Odisha.	1. The Western Ghats start from Khandesh in Maharashtra.
2. They end at Nilgiris in the south.	2. They end at Kanyakumari.
3. They run parallel to some extent in the east coast.	3. They run parallel to the west coast.
4. They are nearer to the Bay of Bengal keeping away some distance.	4. They are nearer to the Arabian sea.
5. They have more number of gaps.	5. They have gaps.
6. They are less strongly built.	6. These are strongly built.
7. The coastal plain of the Eastern Ghats is wider than that of the Western Ghats.	7. The coastal plain of the Western Ghats is not as broad as that of the Eastern Ghats.
8. There are no dense forests in the Eastern Ghats when compared to those of the Western Ghats.	8. There are dense forests in the Western Ghats.
9. There are no rivers originating in Eastern Ghats.	9. The rivers Godavari and Krishna take origin in the Western Ghats.
10. The Eastern Ghats are dissected by rivers.	10. The Western Ghats are not dissected by rivers.
11. They have structural level and uniformity.	11. They have more rugged topography.
12. In Nilgiris they join the Western Ghats.	12. In Nilgiris they join the Eastern Ghats.

Question 9.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of The Indo-Gangetic Plain with that of The Peninsular Plateau.
Answer:
The major physiographic divisions of India are :

1. The Great Himalayas,
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Great Indian Desert
4. The Peninsular Plateau
5. The Eastern and Western Coastal plains and
6. The Island Group

Question 10.
Prepare a table showing the particulars of different mountain ranges of the Himalayas.
Answer:

Himalayan region	Peninsular region
1. The Himalayas are located in the northern region of our country.	1. The Peninsular region is located in the southern region of our country.
2. The Himalayas are young fold mountains.	2. The central Highlands are formed of low hills and plateaus.
3. Many great perennial rivers like the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra originate from the Himalayas.	3. Some great rivers like the Godavari, the Krishna, the Mahanadi, the Tapati and the Narmada originate from these hills.
4. These are formed of the sedimentary rocks.	4. The central highlands are formed of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
5. They are formed at the edge of the Indo- Gangetic plain.	5. They are formed at the edge of the Deccan plateau.
6. Important hill stations like – Shimla, Mussorie, Darjeeling, Nainital are found on the Himalayas.	6. Udagamandalam, Araku – Harsley hills are hill stations found in the Peninsula plateau region.
7. There are three parallel ranges a) Himadri b) Himachal and c) Shivaliks.	7. They consist of two divisions – Central high lands, Deccan plateau.
8. They run in west – east direction in the form of an arch.	8. The plateau is tilted towards east.

Question 11.
What is the importance of the Himalayas?
Answer:

1. The formation of the Himalayas influences the climate in various ways.
2. These act as barriers protecting the great plains of India from the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter.
3. The Himalayas are reason for summer rains and monsoon type climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India.
4. The Himalayan rivers have a perennial flow since these are fed by the glaciers.
5. These rivers bring a lot of silt, making these plains very fertile.
6. There are famous hill stations like Simla, Mussorie, Nainital, Raniket, etc. covered by evergreen forests.
7. The valleys are known for the cultivation of fruits.
8. There are passes in the Himalayas which act as great exchange of culture and commerce.

Question 12.
Write about the coastal plains.
Answer:

1. The southern part of the peninsular plateau is bordered by narrow coastal strips along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east.
2. Western plain is uneven and broken by hilly terrain.
3. It is divided into 3 parts.
   a) Konkan coast-northern part comprising Maharashtra and Goa coast.
   b) The second is Canara Coast – the middle part includes coastal plain of Karnataka.
   c) The last part is Malabar coast – the southern part, mostly in the state of Kerala.
4. Bay of Bengal plains are wide and have large surface structure.
5. It stretches from Mahanadi in Odisha to Cauvery deltas in Tamil Nadu.
6. These coastal plains are known locally by different names as Utkal coast in Odisha, Circar coast in Andhra Pradesh and Coromandel coast in Tamil Nadu.

Question 13.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on its content.
The formation of the Himalayas influences the climate in various ways. These act as hornets protecting the great plains of India from the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter. The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India. In its absence, this region would have remained drier. The Himalayan Rivers have a perennial flow since these are fed by the glaciers and bring a fat of silt, making these plains very fertile.
Answer:

1. According to the paragraph given, it is dearly understood that the Himalayas are useful to India in many ways.
2. It means that because of the Himalayas only there are fertile soils, sufficient rainfall, and perennial rivers and so it is useful to agriculture which is the backbone of our economy.
3. I agree with this paragraph because every point discussed here is correct.
4. The Himalayas are extending in the north of our country from Jammu Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh for about 2400 kilometers.
5. Automatically they stop the cold winds blowing from central Asia because our cultivable lands are in the south.
6. If the Himalayas were not there, India would become dry land or a desert.
7. Though we have many benefits from the Himalayas, the passes of the Himalayas caused for foreigners to invade our country and these helped in exchanging business and culture.

Question 14.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on the condition of the area as well as people living there.
The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side afAravalis and receives very low amount of rainfall, ranging from 100 to 150 mm per year. The desert consists of an undulating sandy plain and rocky outcrops. It occupies much of western Rajasthan. It has an arid climate with very law vegetation cover. Streams appear during the rainy season and disappear soon after. ‘Luni’ is the only river in this area. These internal drainage rivers fill into the lakes and don’t reach the sea.
Answer:

1. This paragraph says that much of western Rajasthan is sandy and without adequate rainfall.
2. Without sufficient rainfall we can’t expect proper cultivation and production of crops.
3. Though Rajasthan ranks first in the area it has maximum desert area.
4. According to this paragraph, there are a few streams which can be seen during rainy season.
5. The unfortunate thing of the people living there is that the area is in the leeward side of the Aravali Mountains.
6. The southwest monsoons remain empty by reaching there.
7. My opinion is that the people should make a few changes in their livelihoods.
8. They should grow more crops during rainy season. It would be better for them to go for multiple cropping.
9. They grow food crops with the help of Indira Gandhi canal water irrigation.
10. Government should provide their commodities at subsidized prices.
11. Along with the Indira Gandhi canal, there should be many more schemes like that till their needs are fulfilled.

Question 15.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on the geographical location of India.
The geographical location of India provides its vast diversity in climatic conditions. This has led to a variety of vegetation and life forms along with advantages for growing many kinds of crops. Its long coastline and location in the Indian Ocean enabled trade routes as well as fishing.
Answer:

1. According to this paragraph, the geographical location of India is very prosperous.
2. India has ocean water on the three sides whereas the high Himalayan Mountains in the north.
3. These Himalayas give birth to various perennial rivers because of glaciers so as to grow more crops and this led to a variety of vegetation.
4. In my opinion, there are a few benefits as well as losses to the people living in coastal plains and hilly areas.
5. The coastal people face some drastic situations when there is a tsunami or cyclones.
6. The people living in hilly areas face the problem of landslides.
7. Nowadays global warming is increasing. It may lead to submerge of coastal cultivable lands.
8. People may face many problems.
9. Along with these problems they have the opportunity of maintaining foreign trade with the help of sea routes.
10. Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Mumbai and Cochin are some of the examples for the trade cen¬ters of sea routes.

Question 16.
Observe the table and answer the questions.

Ranges	Direction	Uaiaht	Speciality
Himadri	The Northernmost range	Above 6100 mts	Covered with snow Glacier are present Birth place of many rivers
Himachal	Situated to the South of Himadri	Between 3700­4500 mts.	Number of hill stations are located. Famous valleys like Kulu, Kangra are located.
Shivalik	The Southernmost range of the Himalayas	900-1100 mts.	Known as Jammu hills in Jammu and Kashmir and Mishmi hills in Arunachal Pradesh.
Purvanchal	The Easternmost range	Act as the Eastern boundary of India	Patkai hills, Naga hills Manipuri hills, Khasi hills and Mizo hills are part of the Purvanchal range.

Answer the following questions.

1. What are the names of the three Himalayan ranges?
   Answer:
   The three names of the Himalayan ranges are the Greater Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas and the Shivaliks.
2. Which of the ranges have hill stations?
   Answer:
   The hill stations are found in the Lesser Himalayan ranges.
3. Where do we find Dehra Dun and Patli Dun?
   Answer:
   We find Dehra Dun and Patli Dun in the valleys in between the Lesser Himalayas and the Shivaliks.
4. What is the difference in between the ranges of the Greater Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas with regard to the composition?
   Answer:
   The Greater Himalayas are composed of ice and snow cover whereas the Lesser Himalayas are composed of highly compressed rocks.

Question 17.
Describe the formation and divisions of Indo-Gangetic plains.
Answer:

1. The interaction of three Himalayan rivers the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra and their tributaries resulted in the formation of great northern plain.
2. In the beginning it was a shallow basin later gradually filled with alluvial soil from these rivers.
3. The western part of Indo-Gangetic plains was formed by the Indus and its tributaries, the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej flowing from the Himalayas.
4. Doab features dominate the fertile land between the two rivers.
5. The central part is known as Ganga plain extending from the rivers the Ghaggar to the Teesta. 6} The eastern part of the plain exists mostly in the Brahmaputra valley of Assom and the river
   Brahmaputra is mainly responsible for its formation.

Question 18.
Describe the vairous aspects of the peninsular plateau.
Answer:

1. The Indian Plateau is also known as the peninsular plateau as it is surrounded by the sea on three sides.
2. Large amounts of metallic and non-metallic mineral resources are found here.
3. Its topography is slightly tilted towards east.
4. Its two divisions are central high lands (Malwa plateau) and the Deccan Plateau.
5. The rivers here are not perennial.
6. The triangular landmass to the south of Narmada is called Deccan Plateau.
7. The structure of Western Ghats is continuous with a few passes as the gateways to the coastal plains.
8. The Eastern Ghats are not continuous.
9. One of the remarkable features of the peninsular plateau is black soils formed due to volcanic activity.

Question 19.
Write about the Thar desert.
Answer:

1. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalisand receives very low rainfall, ranging from 100 to 150 mm per year.
2. The desert consists of an undulating sandy plain and rocky outcrops.
3. It occupies much of western Rajasthan.
4. It has an arid climate with very low vegetation cover.
5. Streams appear during rainy season and disappear soon after.
6. Luni is the only river in this area.
7. The internal drainage rivers fall into the lakes and don’t reach the sea.
8. Indira Gandhi canal is watering part of Thar desert.
9. Several hectares of desert land have been brought under cultivation.

Question 20.
Read the given map and answer the following questions.

1. Which hills are spread continuously from North to South?
   Answer:
   Western Ghats spread continuously from North to South.
2. Which Ghats are the birthplace of many rivers?
   Answer:
   Western Ghats are the birthplace of many rivers.
3. Which river flows westwards?
   Answer:
   The river which flows westwards is Narmada. (Tapti also)
4. Which plateau is there on the windward side of the Aravali?
   Answer:
   Malwa plateau is there on the windward side of the Aravali.
5. Where do the eastern and western Ghats join?
   Answer:
   The eastern and western Ghats join Nilgiris near Gudalur.
6. Which ocean is located in the south of India?
   Answer:
   The Indian Ocean is located in the south of India.
7. Which plateau is there in between Ms s and Chotanagpur plateau?
   Answer:
   Central plateau is there in between Malwa and Chotanagpur plateau.

Question 21.
Read the given map and answer the following questions.

1. Which is the standard meridian in India?
   Answer:
   82° 30′ Eastern Longitude is the standard meridian in India.
2. Name the latitude that moves from the centre of India.
   Answer:
   23% northern latitude moves from the centre of India. This is called Tropic of Cancer.
3. What is the distance between north and south tip of India?
   The distance between north and south tips is 3214 kms.
4. Mention the location of India.
   Answer:
   India is located in between the latitudes of 8°4′ and 37°6′ N and longitudes of 68°7′ and 97°25′ E.
5. Name any two frontier countries of India.
   Answer:
   Pakistan, China, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Nepal. ( any two can be written)
6. Which islands are located in the southeast corner of India?
   Answer:
   Andaman Nicobar islands are located in the southeast corner of India.

Question 22.
Locate the following in the given map of India.

• Locate the Highest plateau in the world.
  Answer: Tibet
• Capital of Himachal Pradesh.
  Answer: Simla
• Highest peak in India.
  Answer: Mt-K₂
• Locate the Hills in Arunachal Pradesh.
  Answer: Mishmi Hills
• This plateau has rich variety of mineral resources.
  Answer:
  Chotanagpur
• Rajmahal hills
  Triangular plateau.
  Answer:
  Deccan Plateau Circar Coast
• The southernmost tip of India.
  Answer:
  Kanya Kumari
• Mashy Swampy region of Gujarath.
  Answer:
  Rann of Kutch

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 22nd Lesson Citizens and the Governments Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 22nd Lesson Citizens and the Governments

10th Class Social Studies 22nd Lesson Citizens and the Governments Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Using the following case study, explain the role of different Departments of the Government and citizens in the context of RTI. Also write how can the the RTI make functioning of the governments more transparent.

Following incident occurred in Chinnashankarampet of Medak district. Members of the Self Help Groups joined in Abhaya Hastam, Aam Aadmi schemes of the Rural Welfare Ministry of the State Government. Under this scheme their children who were students of classes 9 to 12 were eligible for scholarship of Rs. 1200. However for 3 years students have not been receiving the amount for the years during 2008-11. The students went to the IKP (Indira Kranthi Pathakam) office and enquired about it but the officers ignored their requests.

This came to the notice of the local newspapers. Now they applied to the officers concerned for the information with regard to the scholarships sanctioned. They asked about the number of beneficiaries and the amount sanctioned during 2008-09, 09-10 and 10-11. They got rqply in one week. The amount was 7 lakh rupees. It became clear from the RTI records that even though the amount was sanctioned, it was not distributed. When it was published in the newspapers the amount was distributed to 1167 children within 15 days.

Answer:
Following the case study above we can assess the role of the departments handling different schemes like SHG, IKP, Abhaya Hastam and Aam Aadmi, etc.
Having learnt of the knowledge of RTI and applying for information of the scholarships sanctioned helped the beneficiaries.
The RTI can make the functioning of the Government more transparent. Students who did not receive scholarships for 3 long years were given the same within 15 days. Not only that not providing information asks for punishment on the part of PIOs.

Question 2.
How do you think RTI would help in improving and monitoring the work of the governments?
“RTI would help in improving and monitoring the work of the governments”- Do you agree with this? Support your answer.
Answer:

1. In any democratic system, governments are responsible and accountable to people.
2. Earlier accountability of government departments and its functionaries were mostly limited to the elected representatives of people.
3. Enactment of the RTI effectively means that individual government departments now have a responsibility to maintain records and make them available to any citizen who may ask for it.
4. So, if there are any discrepancies, they will be brought out and who are responsible will be given punishments.
5. So, in this way government functioning can be bettered and monitored well.

Question 3.
What is identified as information? How is this generated in Government Departments? Would it include oral communication between senior and junior officers?
Answer:

1. According to RTI Act, information is defined as material in any form, including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form, and information relating to any private body which can be assessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force.
2. Enactment of the RTI effectively means that individual government departments now have a responsibility to maintain records and make them available to any citizen who may ask for it.
3. The oral instructions or oral communication between senior and junior officers do not fall in this category.

Question 4.
Why are the State and Central Information Offices given autonomy?
Answer:

1. Every government offices have a Public Information Officer (PIO) and Assistant Public Information Officer (APIO) and appellate authority in department.
2. All PIOs and APIOs of all departments and departmental appellate authorities are under autonomous appellate State Public Information Office with a State Public Information Commissioner (SPIC).
3. If a government department fall under Central government, PIOs are accountable to autonomous Central Information Office with a Central Public Information Commissioner (CPIC).
4. They are given autonomy because they need to deal with the PIOs who rejected to provide information.
5. They should not yield under any pressure that is why they must be independent.

Question 5.
This (RTI 2005) Act resembles the true spirit of democracy. How do you justify?
Answer:

1. In a democracy, it is the people’s money that is used for their welfare and therefore people have every right to know how this is being used.
2. People can participate in government and ensure just development only if they have sufficient information in the form of official documents.
3. In situations where information has to be made public, arbitrary decisions by the elected representatives or the officials can be controlled.
4. Information is crucial to human development, and democratic rights.
5. Information will make governments more accountable in their functioning and check the possibility of corrupt practices.
6. Thus, this Act (RTI Act of 2005) resembles the true spirit of democracy.

Question 6.
What steps have been taken to ensure that any citizen can access information from the different government departments in the country?
Answer:
Under the provisions of 2005 Act of RTI, public authorities are obliged to
a) maintain all information in a computerised format
b) publish all detailed information pertaining to the information some of it fbitn the Act as follows:

1. Every public authority shall
   a) Maintain all its records duly catalogued and indexed.
   b) The authority shall publish the particulars of its organisation, functions and duties.
2. The powers and duties of its officers and employees to be published.
3. The procedure followed in the decision making process, including channels of supervision and accountability;
4. The rules, regulations, instructions, manuals and records, held by it or under its control or used by its employees for discharging its functions.

Question 7.
How do you think the Legal Services Authority would help the people in seeking legal aid?
Answer:

1. There is a system in our country to provide free legal service to the people.
2. Under the Legal Services Authority (amendment) Act, 2002, legal services authorities are constituted to provide free and legal services to the weaker sections of the society.
3. This is to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reasons of economic or other disabilities and to organize Lok Adalats to ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on an equal opportunity basis.
4. In this way, Legal Services Authority would help the people in seeking legal aid.

Question 8.
What is the purpose of Lok Adalat?
Answer:

1. Lok Adalat meahs people’s court.
2. All are equal before law.
3. The Article 39A of the Constitution of India contains various provisions for settlement of disputes.
4. It is an act to constitute legal services, authorities to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society.
5. It is to ensure that opportunities for securing justice or not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
6. To organise Lok Adalats to secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on a basis of equal opportunity.
7. This is the purpose of Lok Adalat.

(OR)

1. The main aim of Lok Adalat is to provide free legal aid to poor and weaker sections and also faster settlement of long pending cases on mutual consent.
2. Lok Adalat facilitates the peaceful, amicable, compromise or settlement of cases.
3. It is meant to reduce the burden of the courts.

Question 9.
What do you think on the eligible criteria for free legal services and nature of cases under this Act?
Answer:
i) Persons entitled to get free legal support are

1. A member of scheduled caste or scheduled tribe.
2. A victim of trafficking in human being or beggars.
3. Women and children.
4. A mentally ill or otherwise disabled person.
5. Persons who are victims of mass disaster, ethnic violence, caste atrocity, flood, drought earthquake and industrial disaster.
6. Industrial workers.
7. Persons in custody.
8. Persons with annual income of not more than Rs. 1 lakh

ii) Nature of cases under this Act.
Matrimonial disputes, maintenance cases, harassment cases by husbands and in-laws, domestic violence cases, all types of civil cases, land disputes, compoundable criminal cases etc.

Question 10.
Compare and contrast the procedures of conflict/case resolution by the Village Community elders and by courts. Which do you prefer and why?
Answer:

1. In our country, it is common that conflicts in the villages and in the communities are addressed by the village/community elders.
2. They settle them in a peaceful and amicable way by discussing the various issues and concerns.
3. The nature of conflict and disputes and their origin are mostly known to the local people and village elders.
4. This facilitates to find out amicable solutions in a transparent way.
5. Now Lok Adalats are functioning to settle disputes/cases in an amicable atmosphere by mutual consent in the presence of legal experts, officials and non-officials, dignitaries.
6. People are now using it for expeditious and inexpensive justice.
7. It is an opportunity to settle long pending court cases through Lok Adalat in short time and without any expenses.
8. It is an old form of dispute/ conflict resolution system valid now also.

10th Class Social Studies 22nd Lesson Citizens and the Governments InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 316

Question 1.
Discuss what could be the reason information would not include oral (instruction of a headmaster to a teacher.
Answer:

1. RTI Act has defined information as the following:
2. Material in any form, including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models.
3. Data material held in any electronic form and information relating to any private body which can be assessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force.
4. In this, the oral instructions are not included as they were not in written form.
5. Thus, the oral instruction of a headmaster to a teacher would not be included in information.

Question 2.
Imagine how would government departments would become more accountable when rules and regulations are followed within prescribed manner.
Answer:

1. Government departments have the responsibility to use the people’s money for their welfare.
2. For every department there are rules and regulations that are to be followed within a prescribed manner.
3. If all the departments follow them, automatically they will be more accountable to people.
4. Not only that their functioning would become transparent and free from corruption.
5. Machinery to monitoring them is essential and they must be given applause if they are behaving accountable to people.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 318

Question 3.
According to this Act (RTI 2005), if any officer fails to give the specified information, she/he will have to pay the fine. Do you agree with this? Why?
Answer:

1. According to this Act, if any officer fails to give the specified information she/he will have to pay fine.
2. I do agree with it.
3. It prevents corruption.
4. It provides for accountability and transparency.
5. It prevents PIOs from shying away of information.
6. If a fine is imposed on one PIO then it acts as deterrent and most PIOs realise the impact of not giving information.
7. Apart from making the PIOs responsible in case of not providing information, they should be appreciated.

Question 4.
What type of information is not accessible to the citizens? What is the argument in favour of this?
Answer:

1. Information that could affect the sovereignty and integrity of India.
2. Matters that could be of strategic economic on scientific interest of the state in the context of foreign powers.
3. Most of our armed forces and security agencies are outside the purview of Information Commission.
4. It is correct on the part of government not to share the information that is vital and affect the country,. . . . ..
5. If information of strategic importance was disclosed and reached the hands of foreign powers, the damage that could be caused cannot be estimated.
6. Citizens should also have some self restraint and not to seek the information which causes the worry to National Government.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 320

Question 5.
What sort of opportunities are existing in our country for free legal services to the poor people who cannot afford to pay court fees and other related expenses?
Answer:

1. There is a system in our country to provide free legal service to the people.
2. Under Legal Services Authority (amendment) Act, 2002 Legal Services Authorities are constituted to provide free legal services to the weaker sections of the society.
3. This is to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
4. To organise Lok Adalats to ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on equal opportunity basis.

Question 6.
What is the nature of cases and conflicts that can be addressed through free legal services?
Answer:

1. The legal services authority through Lok Adalats settles long pending court cases in short time without any expenses.
2. Matrimonial disputes, maintenance cases, harassment cases by husband and in-laws, domestic violence cases can be addressed through free legal service.
3. All types of civil cases, land disputes, compoundable criminal cases, etc. can be settled amicably and permanently by Lok Adalats without any fees or expenses through free legal services.

Question 7.
Is there any mechanism for alternate dispute resolution outside the courts?
Answer:

1. There is one mechanism for alternate dispute resolution outside the courts.
2. Conflicts in villages/ communities are addressed by village/ community elders.
3. They resolute conflicts in a peaceful and amicable way by discussing various issues/ concerns.
4. The nature of conflicts/disputes and their origin are mostly known to village elders.
5. This facilitates to find out an amicable solution in a transparent way.
6. Thus outside the courts the conflicts/disputes are addressed and resoluted by village elders.

Question 8.
Do you support the Lok Adalats? If so, why?
Answer:

1. I support Lok Adalats because there is no court fee, if paid it will be refunded if the dispute is settled.
2. It has procedural flexibility and speedy trial of the disputes.
3. The parties of the dispute can directly interact with the judge through their council.
4. The Award by Lok Adalat is binding on the parties with a status of decree of civil court.
5. Provides free legal advice form the advocates.
6. Provides photocopies of judgements on free of cost.

 

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 20th Lesson Post – War World and India Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 20th Lesson Post – War World and India

10th Class Social Studies 20th Lesson Post – War World and India Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer: Which among the following statements about the Cold War is wrong?
a) Rivalry between the US and the USSR,
b) The USA and the USSR engaged in direct war,
c) Triggering off an arms race,
d) An ideological war between the two super powers.
Answer:
b) The USA and the USSR engaged in direct war.

Question 2.
Who amongst the following is not involved in The West Asian crisis?
a) Egypt
b) Indonesia
c) Britain
d) Israel
Answer:
b) Indonesia.

Question 3.
What was the nature of shift in power in the world after the Second World War?
Answer:

1. The Second World War had been fought on the principles of peace, democracy and freedom of nations in contrast to the Nazi ideas of dictatorship and imperialism.
2. After the war colonial powers like Britain and France could no longer justify their old colonial powers exclusive access to the colonies.
3. In fact, Second World War helped the USA grow out of its economic misery caused by the great depression.
4. Far from War theatres, the industries and agriculture of the USA prospered.
5. The USSR coming out of its destruction was emerging as a Champion of anticolonial struggle.
6. In the post-war period the USA and the USSR have emerged as super powers.
7. The USA is the leader of the capitalist nations and the USSR is the leader of the communist nations.

(OR)
After the Second World War, the major shift in power is observed between two power blocs of USA and USSR.

1. The USA led an Anti – communist bloc based on capitalistic principles. It tried to prevent other countries from adopting communism.
2. The USSR led a communist bloc. It tried to bring other countries into its communist influence.
3. Both USA and USSR tried to expand their ideologies and check each other, resulted in the situation of cold war.
4. Newly independent countries formed an alliance called NAM that stood independently in international aspects away from both military blocs.

Question 4.
What are the different roles done by United Nations in order to build peace in the world?
Answer:

1. The UN started with a twin objectives of ensuring peace ever lasting and human development.
2. Charter emphasised on the need to preserve peace and prevent wars.
3. It recognised the autonomy of states and promised not to interfere in any internal affairs of country.
4. In cases of serious human rights violation or threat to world peace, the UN interferes.
5. Decisions relating to war and peace are taken in Security Council.
6. UN has forced great powers to exercise moderation and self-control.
7. The special powers to great powers is a special role and responsibility in preserving world peace.
8. UN has been less successful in preventing wars.

Question 5.
Given the idea of democracy do you think a few countries should have special powers in making the decisions?
Answer:

1. Given the idea of democracy, also, I think a few countries should have special powers in making decisions.
2. The very existence of forums like UN has forced great powers to exercise moderation and self-control.
3. The special powers also have given the great powers a special role and responsibility in preserving world peace.
4. At times, these powers may be used to block any action against them.
5. Sometimes these powers save many countries and territories of theirs. As all four permanent members intended to annex Kashmir to Pakistan. Russia used veto power to stop it and did the favour to India.

(OR)
Given the idea of democracy, I think a few countries should have special powers in making the decisions is not correct. This is opposite to concept of democracy.

Question 6.
How were the super powers benefited by military alliances?
Answer:

1. Super powers strengthened themselves by creating military alliances.
2. They maintained a constrained relationship acting as a deterrent on each other.
3. With alliances they expanded their influence.
4. They gained the access to the vital resources like oil and minerals.
5. They have markets for their products and places to invest safely their capital.
6. They got military bases to launch their troops and weapons.
7. They could spread their ideology.
8. They gain economic support to pay huge military expenses.

Question 7.
How did Cold War produce arms race as well as arms control?
Answer:

1. Both the USSR and the USA spent huge amounts of money to conduct research into weapons.
2. They build arsenals of devastating nuclear arms and missiles.
3. They could strike across the continents.
4. They had enough nuclear arms to destroy the entire earth many times over.
5. Gradually their allies like Britain, France and China too built nuclear arsenals.
6. People of all countries lived in constant fear of war.
7. Many times war looked imminent but got defused somehow through diplomacy.
8. There were many flash points which made everyone believe of the triggering off another world war.
9. But when both ultimately realised the implication of a nuclear war both started working for arms control and many arms control treaties were signed like CTBT, NPT, etc.
10. Both decided to follow the logic of deterrence which meant that both have the capacity to attack and cause so much destruction to threaten the existence of the other. But neither is willing to start the war due to the amount of destruction.

Question 8.
Why did West Asia become a center of tensions in the world?
Answer:

1. West Asia became a center of tensions in the world.
2. The conflicts that developed between Arabs and Jews are the main cause for it.
3. In Palestine is situated Jerusalem which is a holy city for Jews, Christians and Muslims alike.
4. Jews and Arabs want it at any cost.
5. Matters were also complicated by the discovery of massive oil reserves.
6. Both the US and the USSR wanted to bring it under their sphere of influence.
7. In 1947, UN created Jerusalem for Jews from Palestine.
8. Arabs refused to recognize it as a legitimate state.
9. Israel took policies that insulted Arabs.
10. Arabs formed suicide squads for causing explosions in public places.
11. The region has been constantly in a state of war and terrorist attacks.

Question 9.
By the end of the 20th century there is only one single power that dominates the world. In this context what do you think would be the role of NAM?
Answer:

1. In the current scenario the USA remains a major super-power and China is in the process of becoming the biggest threat to the US supremacy of world affairs. Russia is also slowly climbing back, for its joint policy of respecting anti-US policy in the security council, by the use of the veto along with China.
2. The Nam has in recent years often criticised the USA while backing self-determination of Puerto Rico and Western Sahara. It can play a strong role in devising methods to foster co-operation among these nations.
3. The Nam can also act as a guide and over seen of the condition of Human Rights in some of the member states who have rather poor human rights records.
4. NAM is a great way to ensure that issues like Palestine and crises in Somalia and Sudan get a fair and long-lasting solution and that the super-powers don’t unduly interfere in these issues to meet their vested interest. Thus NAM exists and will continue to exist as a strong organisation to reckon with.

Question 10.
“Formation of NAM was not merely in the context of military alliances but also in the context of economic policies” Justify the statement.
Answer:

1. Non Alignment was established as an international organisation with an aim to promote cultural and economic cooperation among the newly independent countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
2. NAM helped the newly independent nations assert their autonomy in international affairs in a world torn between the two super powers.
3. NAM summit at Algiers in 1973 resolved to constitute 5 different trusts to strengthen the economic development of non aligned countries and assist in their reconstruction activities.
4. In the Hawana summit conference in 1979 it also appealed to take measures to minimise the economic differences between the developed and under developed countries.
5. Thus, it also worked for economical development of NAM countries.
6. During 1970s and early 1980s, the NAM also sponsored campaigns for restructuring commercial relations between developed and developing nations, namely the NIEO.
7. The Djakarta Summit 1992 allowed the movement to shift its focus in a direction that also enabled it to work a cross to grouping such as the G-7 and the EU.

Question 11.
Make a table to show relation between India and neighbouring countires with following items :
Answer:

Neighbouring Country	Issues of Conflicts	Events of War	Events of Help and Cooperation
China	Tibet to be a buffer zone but China annexed India gave an asy­lum to Dalai Lama Aksai-Chin area and much of Arunachal Pradesh – China claims it is its.	1962 October China invaded unilaterally Even declared unila­teral ceasefire.	Strategic as well as economic advantages. Two are rising powers of Asia. Ambitious major world economic power. Peace and tranquility at borders.
Pakistan	Kashmir is the main bone of contention.	1947-48 regarding Kashmir. 1965 regarding Kashmir. Dec. 1971 Liberation of East Pakistan 1999 Kargil War.	Build bridges of friendship through trade, sports, films, tourism and cultural exchanges. Secularism, demo­cracy and freedom will enable a greater understanding and cooperation between the people of two countries.
Bangladesh	Sharing of river waters of Ganga and Brahmaputra.Large scale illegal migration from Bangladesh to India. Bangladesh opposed fencing of border	No war	Cooperation in economic front. Indian look East policy makes Bangladesh integral part. Cooperation on disaster manage­ment. Bangladesh rewar­ded many Indians helped in war.
Sri Lanka	Treatment of Tamil speaking minorities by Sri Lanka. Influx of Sri Lanka Tamils to India.	No war	Cultural, ethnic and economic relations. Peace maintenance agreement between India & Sri Lanka.

Question 12.
“The ethnic conflicts affected India’s relations with Sri Lanka.” Justify.
Answer:

1. Since times immemorial, India and Sri Lanka have cultural, ethnic and economic relations.
2. A major irritant in the relation between the two countries has been the treatment of Tamil speaking minorities by the Sri Lankan government.
3. The large scale influx of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees into India posed a special problem.
4. India made an agreement with Sri Lanka and Tamil militants to maintain peace on the land.
5. India sent its armies to keep peace in Sri Lanka and it caused the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.
6. Thus, ethnic conflicts affected India’s relations with Sri Lanka.

10th Class Social Studies 20th Lesson Post – War World and India InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 283

Question 1.
What do you understand by the term ‘decolonization’?
Answer:

1. During the 18th and 19th centuries, some European countries set up colonies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
2. They used those colonies as cheap raw material suppliers and markets for their finished goods.
3. They waged World War keeping control over their colonies.
4. After the Second World War, colonial powers like Britain and France could no longer justify their old colonial policies.
5. Under these conditions, old powers like Britain had no choice but to grant freedom to their old colonies.
6. This granting of freedom to old colonies is called ‘decolonisation1.

Question 2.
How do you think the newly free countries would have been influenced by the competition between the two power blocs?
Answer:

1. After the Second World War, colonial states granted freedom to their colonies.
2. As these countries became free they faced a world greatly torn between Capitalism and Communism.
3. They were continuously under the pressure to choose between the two rather than follow their own paths of development.
4. They also got an opportunity to negotiate by playing one power against the other.
5. Thus, the newly free countries would have been influenced by the competition between the two power blocs.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 284

Question 3.
Do you think wars are related to poverty, lack of equitable development, and cultural exchanges between countries?
Answer:
Yes, I think that wars are related to poverty, lack of equitable development, and cultural exchange between countries.
(OR)

1. I don’t think wars are related to poverty, lack of equitable development, and cultural exchanges between countries.
2. Most of the wars are fought for ideological differences, colonial advantages, and occupation of other territories as an achievement.
3. Every country fought or allied with it has its own calculations and agenda.
4. Though with the central groups, Italy fought against Germany in the 1st World War.
5. Though made a peace treaty with Russia, Hitler invaded it during the Second World War.
6. Wars may to some extent help for the cultural exchanges between the countries.

Question 4.
According to some the special powers given to the five powers is undemocratic and should be abolished while some others feel that if these powers do not have special powers the UNO cannot function smoothly. Discuss.
Answer:

1. Decisions relating to war and peace are taken in Security Council and five nations have special status within it.
2. Any decision taken by council can be vetoed by the intervention of even anyone of these countries.
3. However, the very existence of UN, has forced great powers to exercise moderation and self control.
4. The special powers also have given the great powers a special role and responsibility in preserving world peace.
5. So, I support the view that if these powers do not have special powers the UNO cannot function smoothly.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 289

Question 5.
What was the main purpose of 1955 Bandung conference?
Answer:

1. The leaders of newly independent states felt the need for a change from the insecure and tense situation caused by power blocs.
2. So in 1955 at Bandung in Indonesia a conference was held.
3. It was the first Afro-Asian conference represented by 29 nations.
4. Its aim was to promote cultural and economic cooperation among the newly independent countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Question 6.
How did super powers react for the principles of Non-alignment?
Answer:

1. NAM helped the newly emerging countries to bargain for space and assistance from the super powers by playing one against the other.
2. To some extent it also ease tensions amongst the NAM countries.
3. Both the blocs looked at NAM with suspicion.
4. The US regarded the NAM as being closer to the USSR on wider international issues.
5. When Soviet invaded Afghanistan NAM could not stop it.
6. Thus, the super powers reacted for the principles of Non Alignment Movement.

Question 7.
Why were Non-Aligned Nations called third world countries?
Answer:

1. After the Second World War the world divided into 2 power blocs under the USA and the USSR.
2. So these two are considered two different worlds.
3. Many countries were newly emerged as countries, which were before the colonies of colonial states.
4. All of these countries joined Non-Alignment Movement.
5. So these Non Aligned Nations were called ‘third world’.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 291

Question 8.
What were the reasons for the conflict between Arabs and Israelites?
Answer:

1. The conflict between Arabs and Jews is mainly related to the occupation of Palestine.
2. In it is situated Jerusalem which is a holy city for Jews, Christians and Muslims alike.
3. The Jews considered Palestine as their Promised Land.
4. In Europe they were the persecuted community as Christians considered them responsible for the crucifixion of Jesus.
5. The Jews through ‘Zionist Movement’ trying to unite Jews over the world.
6. The discovery of massive oil reserves made the US and the USSR to enter the dispute.

Question 9.
Why did Egypt support the Palestinians during the conflict?
Answer:

1. In 1947 UN divided Palestine and created Israel for Jews.
2. The Arabs did not agree to giving up their homeland.
3. The Arabs were forced to leave their homes and properties in Israel and refugees to Arab states.
4. Egypt formed suicide squads to cause explosion in Israel.
5. Egyptians are also Arabs, that’s why they are vengeful.

Question 10.
Why do you think some Palestinians adopted the path of terrorism? What was its outcome?
Answer:

1. Israelites forced Arabs out of their homes and properties.
2. Egyptians caused explosions in public places in Israel to support Arabs.
3. These were attacks and counter attacks between Israel and Egypt.
4. Israel occupied the territories of Gaza, Golan Heights and the West Bank.
5. Palestinian Liberation Organisation led by Yasser Arafat started in Jordan carried out plane hijacking holding hostage of Israeli Olympic squad and killing many of the sportspersons.
6. The result is Israel used such attacks to mount further attacks on them and refused to implement the promises it had made.

Question 11.
Find out about the condition of Palestinians who are living in refugee camps and constantly facing warfare and poverty.
Answer:

1. The condition of Palestinians who are living in refuge camps are very pitiable.
2. They are constantly facing warfare and poverty.
3. Refugee camps are not providing them sufficient facilities to lead a happy life.
4. Palestinians became the victims of world politics, especially of the super powers.
5. The Palestinian are still fighting for their homeland and peace under very difficult conditions of exile and warfare.
6. Though with the intervention of UN, the problems are not yet solved.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 292

Question 12.
What are the similarities and difference between Arab Socialist Nationalism and Religious Nationalism?
Answer:

Arab Socialist Nationalism	Religious Nationalism
1. In 1968 a coup took place in Iraq in which Saddam Hussein came to power.	1. In many cases the opposition to the US and the US backed regimes took religious colours.
2. They meant by socialism, the nationa­lization of oil resources and the use of revenues by the state to fund welfare measures for the citizens.	2. Nationalist forces fostered the idea of establishing religious orthodaxy in those countries.
3. These combined welfare measures with autocratic and dictatorial rule of a ruler or a smail group.	3. In 1979 in Iran a new joint government of Shia Islamic clerics and elected leaders started.
4. These regimes did not allow opposi­tion or democratic protest against themselves.	4. Beginning of the 21st century witnessed growing discontent among the Arabs resulted in the growth of religious terrorism.

Question 13.
Find out more about the developments in Iran and Afghanistan under the Taliban to understand how religious states work.
Answer:
Afghanistan:

1. The Taliban which took over Afghanistan after the withdrawal of Soviet troops established an extremist Islamic state.
2. These states tried to force all people to strictly follow the rules laid down in religious texts.
3. In many cases they meant the denial of basic freedom and equality of opportunity to women and to religious minorities.
4. The beginning of the 21st century witnessed growing discontent among the Arabs which resulted in the growth of religious terrorism.
5. Some Arab terrorists hijacked 2 aircrafts in the US and crashed into the World Trade Centre in New York killing thousands of people.

Iran:
The offical religion of the Islamic Republic of Iran is “Shiaism”. Iran explicitly aims to support and lead the entire Muslim world. The Shariah provides all the laws needed for the Islamic state from Allah.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 293

Question 14.
Explain the terms bipolarity and unipolarity.
Answer:

1. The term polarity refers to the world that was divided between two power blocs.
2. It was the period between 1945 and 1991.
3. The two power blocs are Communist power block under USSR and democratic Capitalist power bloc under USA. This, situation is called as bipolarity.
4. But in the year 1991 USSR was disintegrated and Russia was no more a super power.
5. From 1991 the world became unipolar i.e., one super power, America.
6. These are the different terms of bipolarity and unipolarity.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 294

15. Read the passage on Page 293 (During the colonial resolved till today.) and answer the following questions.
a. Do you think it was correct for India to give refuge to the Dalai Lama and his Tibetan followers?
Answer:

1. I think it is correct for India to give refuge to Dalai Lama and his Tibetan followers.
2. China overpowered the Tibet and eschewed its sovereignty.
3. Dalai Lama and his Tibetan followers are fighting for their autonomy.
4. According to Panchsheel, China agreed to not interfere into the sovereignty of other countries.
5. It violated the agreement and annexed Tibet.

b. Do you think China was justified in wanting to control Tibet?
Answer:

1. I don’t think China was justified in wanting to control Tibet.
2. It may believe that a small sovereign country in the neighborhood may be a threat.
3. Opponents may bring it in their control or under their sphere of influence.
4. So it might have overpowered it and annexed.
5. Its action, anyway, was not justified.

Question 16.
To what extent do you think both the countries can forget about their past conflicts over the boundaries and develop meaningful cooperation and friendship?
Answer:

1. After the 1962 Indo-Chinese war, it took more than a decade to restore diplomatic normalcy.
2. Being rising powers of Asia, both have strategic as well as economic advantages.
3. Both are ambitious to be major world economic and political powers.
4. They also see each other as economic and political competitors.
5. Both have taken measure to maintain peace and tranquility at the borders.
6. So they have to forget about their post conflicts over borders and develop meaningful friendship and cooperation.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 296

Question 17.
What steps do you think both India and Pakistan should take to build lasting peace between the two countries?
Answer:

1. First India and Pakistan should leave the conflicts behind which were perpetual right from the partition.
2. They should seek the help of UN over the issue of Kashmir and agree for mutual amicable settlement.
3. Pakistan should stop her religious terrorism and trained militant infiltration into India.
4. Pakistan should keep herself away from theocratic rule and military coups and belief should be kept in elections and democracy.
5. Both countries should continue with all present trade, economic, cultural, sports, film, etc. relations. In addition to, help each other in combating terrorism, eradication of poverty, assistance in technology, medicine, etc.

Question 18.
Why is peace between India and Pakistan necessary for the development of both the countries?
(Or)
Why the peace between India and Pakistan is necessary for the development of both the countries? Explain, keeping in view the recent developments.
Answer:

1. Peace between India and Pakistan is necessary for the development of both the countries.
2. Both of them are spending huge amounts on defence and strategic nuclear arsenal.
3. The division of the country itself created mistrust among the countries and it is mounted now.
4. For social, political and economical development of the both the countries, peace should be established between them.

Question 19.
Many small countries feel that their larger neighbours act like ‘big brothers’. What do you think is meant by this?
Answer:

1. Many small countries feel that their neighbours act like ‘big brothers’.
2. They meant that larger neighbours are trying to control them.
3. They feel that neighbours are doing this to pretend that they are doing it for the benefit of small country.
4. They meant that ‘Big brother’ is watching them i.e., Big brother knew what small countries did.
5. Thus, small countries treat their larger neighbours as’Big brothers’.

(OR)

This means the larger neighbouring countries will work for the good of the small countries as a family members.

Question 20.
Look at the map of India and Bangladesh and see why cooperation between the two countries is of vital importance to both.
Answer:

1. Bangladesh is surrounded by Indian states.
2. In between many Indian states there is Bangladesh.
3. So there should be cooperation between the two countries.
4. It is of vital importance for both the countries.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 297

Question 21.
Compare the support of India to Bangladesh and its role in Sri Lanka – Do you think the situation was similar or different?
Answer:

1. Bangladesh, erstwhile East Pakistan is physically distant from parent West Pakistan.
2. The people led a liberation movement nearly for 8 months and then India supported her cause.
3. Thus, Bangladesh was formed as new nation.
4. Whereas the situation in Sri Lanka is different.
5. Indian Tamils, an integral part of Sri Lanka but were meted out injustice based on their language and race.
6. The interference of India was not appreciated by both Sri Lanka government and the Tamils fighting for their rights.
7. So, the situation in Sri Lanka is different from that of Bangladesh.

 

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 17th Lesson The Making of Independent India’s Constitution Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 17th Lesson The Making of Independent India’s Constitution

10th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson The Making of Independent India’s Constitution Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
Find the odd one out.
a) Indian Constitution adopts from experiences of freedom struggle.
b) Indian Constitution adopts from already existing Constitutions.
c) Indian Constitution has remained the same since its drafting.
d) Indian Constitution provides principles and provisions for ruling the country.
Answer:
The odd one is ‘c’. It is: Indian Constitution has remained the same since its drafting.

Question 2.
Correct the false statements:
a) There was unanimity of opinion on all provisions during CA debates.
b) The makers of Constitution represented only certain regions of the country.
c) Constitution provides certain provisions to amend articles in it.
d) Supreme Court of India has said that basic features of Constitution may also be amended.
Answer:
a) There was no unanimity of opinion on all provisions during CA debates.
b) The makers of Constitution represented all the regions of the country.
c) Constitution provides certain provisions to amend articles in it.
d) The Supreme Court of India has said that basic features of Constitution cannot be amended.

Question 3.
Describe the unitary and federal principles of Indian government as discussed in the CA debates.
(OR)
Distinguish between federal and unitary systems. June 2017)
Answer:
Our Constitution reaffirms that India is a unitary and a federal state. The following principles represent the unitary and federal characters.
Unitary Principles :

1. Single citizenship,
2. The supremacy of the Constitution,
3. Residual powers to central governments,
4. Single Judiciary,
5. Uniformity of fundamental rights,
6. Provision for All India Services.

Federal Principles :

1. Dual Polity,
2. Sovereign Powers to States,
3. State Services.

Question 4.
How does the Constitution reflect the political events of the time? Draw from previous chapters on the freedom struggle.
Answer:

1. Indian Constitution adopts from the experience of the freedom struggle.
2. It reflects the political events of time.
3. It provides for equality, liberty, justice and fraternity.
4. It promises adult universal franchise, fundamental rights which were most sought after during freedom struggle.
5. It grants single citizenship and independent judiciary to protect the integrity of the country and the rights and liberties of people.
6. A reference to the history of British rule and Indian independence struggle provides basic idea of self-governance that emerged into a people’s participative democracy.
7. The representatives of princely states declared the First Round table conference that they would join an ‘All India Federation with a Self-Governing British India’. This prefered creation of All India Federation.

Question 5.
What differences would it have made to the making of our Constitution if the Assembly had been elected through universal adult franchise?
Answer:

1. It would not have made any difference to the making of our Constitution even if the assembly had been elected through Universal Adult Franchise.
2. At that time nearly 86% of the population is illiterate.
3. Most of the population was under the poverty line.
4. Nothing substantial benefit would have made.
5. The Draft Committee chairman himself was one of the greatest intellectuals of all the time in the world.
6. So, a better Constitution was already made.

(OR)

1. It would be more democratic if the constituent assembly had been elected through universal adult franchise.
2. If the assembly members had been elected through universal adult franchise intellectuals would not be elected and better constitution was also not prepared.

Question 6.
Write a short note on basic principles of Indian Constitution.
Answer:
The Indian Constitution has 8 basic principles.
Sovereignty:

1. India is a Sovereign Democratic Republic.
2. The Indian people has sovereign (or) supreme power.

Fundamental Rights:
Indian Constitution provide basic fundamental rights to all citizens without discrimination.

Directive Principles:
These are guidelines to frame laws. These are not enforceable by the courts.

Cabinet Government (or) Parliamentary Type of Government:
A Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as the head to aid and advise the President who shall, in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice.

Secularism:
Secularism is the basic structure of Indian Constitution. The government respects all religions. It does not uplift or degrade any particular religion.

Socialism:
The world Socialism was added to the preamble by the 42nd amendment- It implies social and economic equality.

Fedaralism:
The Constitution provides a federal structure. The powers are specifically divided between central and state government.

Independent judiciary:
India has an independent and integrated judiciary.

Question 7.
How has the Constitution defined and changed political institutions in the country?
Answer:

1. The Constitution has defined and changed political institutions in the country.
2. It provided federal system with union and state government of sovereign power.
3. It made the Constitution as the supreme law of land.
4. It paves way for strong centre during an emergency.
5. It supports multiparty democracy with elections in definite intervals.
6. It provided universal Adult Franchise.
7. It set up Election Commission for smooth conduct of free and fair elections.
8. It adopts single citizenship.
9. It provides fundamental rights.
10. It adopts directive principles of state policy and fundamental duties.

Conclusion: It defines India as a sovereign, democratic, socialist and secular republic. It has provisions for bringing about social change and defining the relationship between Individual citizen and the state.

Question 8.
While Constitution provides basic principles it is the engagement of people with the system that brings in social change. Do you agree with this statement, give reasons.
Answer:

1. Constitution provides basic principles like fundamental rights, the supremacy of the Constitution, etc.
2. It is the engagement of people with the system that brings in social change.
3. People get good and transparent governance only if they elect good and corrupt free representatives.
4. All the schemes of government would be fruitful if they reach genuine beneficiaries.
5. Thus, people’s participation brings social change.

10th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson The Making of Independent India’s Constitution InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 232

Question 1.
Complete the following tasks regarding the Indian Constitution.
Task 1: Some significant contributors to the Indian Constitution were:
———-, ———-, ———-.
Answer:
Sri Babu Rajendra Prasad, Acharya Kripalani, Pandit Nehru, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Task 2: What are the basic ideals of Indian Constitution as reflected in its Preamble?
Answer:
Basic ideals of Indian Constitution as reflected in the Preamble:

1. Justice : Every citizen will have social, economical and political justice.
2. Liberty : Every citizen will have the liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
3. Equality : Every citizen will be provided with the equality of status and of opportunity.
4. Fraternity : Citizens of India have been assured about the dignity of the individual and unity, integrity of the nation.

Task 3: Read the following two preambles along with the Indian Preamble and see how they are similar or different. Remember each Constitution also reflects political events around the making of their nations. Try to relate to the political events that may have influenced the thought that went into the Constitution. (You can re-read the background of Japan in chapter 13 and look at page 234 to understand the background of Nepal.)
Answer:

Preambles of
Indian Constitution	Nepal Constitution	Japan Constitution
Federal Republic	Federal Republic	Peaceful co-operation
Multiparty Democracy	Multiparty Democracy	Blessings of liberty
Sovereignty	Sovereignty	Sovereignty
Fundamental Rights	Fundamental Rights	Trusting in the justice
Adult Franchise	Adult Franchise	Faith of the peace-loving people
Periodic Elections	Periodic Elections	Banishment of Tyranny and Slavery
Independent Judiciary Integrity	Independent Judiciary Integrity

The political events that may have influenced the thought that went into the Constitution:
India: The differences in traditional India and disparities in colonial India and political movements shaped the Indian Constitution.
Nepal: The political movements against Monarchy formed the Nepal Constitution.
Japan: The results of World War – II shaped the Japanese Constitution so.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 233 & 234

Question 2.
Read the Preambles of Nepal and Japan given on Pages 232 and 233 in Textbook and answer the following questions.
a) What do you think is similar or different in the political context of these nations? What were the immediate prior events? Who were the previous rulers?
Answer:

1. These nations restrict the monarchy and other forms of governance.
2. They are committed to form the government by those who were given mandate in elections.
3. They believe their representatives make policies whose fruits are enjoyed by people.
4. There were mass movements for democracy in Nepal.
5. Japan started new lease of life after war torn image.
6. Nepal was ruled by the Monarch.
7. Japan was ruled by Pan Asianic rulers.

b) Which Preamble refers to the word gender?
Answer:

1. The Preamble of the Constitution of Nepal refers to the word gender.
2. It promises to solve the problems relating gender.

c) Which Preamble reflects the desire for peace?
Answer:

1. The Preamble of the Japanese Constitution reflects the desire for peace.
2. It promises to never visit the horrors of war.

d) How are people’s movements reflected in the Preamble?
Answer:
The Nepalese Constitution reflects the historic struggles and peoples’ movements launched by the people of Nepal at various times since 1951.

e) What is similar or different for Preambles in their reflection of the past?
Answer:

1. The Nepalese Constitution refers to abolition of monarchy.
2. It also refers to historical struggles and people’s movements.
3. The Japanese Constitution refers to the horrors of war.
4. It would never like to repeat them and promises to world peace.

f) What types of promises are made up about the future society in the three countries?
Answer:

1. In India social, economical, political justice is promised.
2. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship also promised.
3. Equality of status and opportunity also promised.
4. Japanese promised a peaceful world.
5. They desire to occupy an honoured place in an international society.
6. Nepal guaranteed basic rights of the people.
7. Nepal expressed full commitment to democratic values.

g) What promises are made about the nature of political system?
Answer:

1. Nepal will allow competitive multi-party democratic system, human rights, adult franchise, periodic elections, etc.
2. Japan referred Government as a sacred trust of the people who give power to representatives and enjoy benefits of power’
3. They try for the banishment of tyranny and slavery, oppression and intolerance for all time from the earth.
4. Every Indian get the right to vote at the age of 18 years without discrimination.

h) What promises are made to the citizen of these nations?
Answer:

1. Nepal pledges to accomplish the progressive restructuring of the state.
2. It also promises to solve the problems relating to class, ethnicity, region and gender.
3. Japan desires peace for all time.
4. It desires to occupy an honoured place in international society.
5. India promised to provide equality, fraternity, justice and fundamental rights to all the people.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 236

Question 3.
The Constitution of India begins with the statement, “We the people of India…”. Do you think this claim to represent all the people of India was justified?
Answer:

1. The claim to represent all the people of India was definitely justified.
2. The Constitution was made by the people for the people.
3. The draft was printed and made available to the 40 crore people of the country for 8 months.
4. There were more than 7,000 changes proposed by the people.
5. Out of them above 2000 changes were accepted.
6. Thus, the claim is justified.

Question 4.
Do you think all the people of India can participate in the formulation of Constitution for the entire country? Was it important for all people to participate actively in this process or could it have been left to some wise people?
Answer:

1. As you can see the Constituent Assembly was not elected through universal adult franchise.
2. Only 10% of the population could vote in the provincial election.
3. All the people were not necessary to participate actively in the formulation of constitution.
4. Because majority of our people are illiterate and they have no knowledge about the constitution.
   So, in this situation elites participation is necessary to frame our constitution.

Question 5.
If a Constitution for the entire school had to be drafted, who all should be involved in it and how?
Answer:

1. If a Constitution for the entire school had to be drafted the head teacher and all the other teachers should be involved.
2. The representative of all classes of the school should also be involved.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 237

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks.
a) Drafting Committee was appointed roughly ———- days after the Independence.
b) The Assembly first appointed special committees on specific issues like, ———-, ———-, and ———-.
c) The reports of these committees were discussed by the ———- and key decisions were taken by it.
d) The ———- Committee headed by Dr. Ambedkar had to incorporate these decisions.
e) The Draft also drew upon provisions of the ———- passed by the British Government.
f) It was then made available to public for ———- months so that they could criticise and give their suggestions on it.
g) In the Draft Constitution there were ———- Articles and ———- Schedules.
Answer:
a) fifteen,
b) Fundamental rights, Minorities, Tribal Areas,
c) Constituent Assembly,
d) Drafting,
e) Government of India Act, 1935,
f) eight,
g) 395,8.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 238

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks.
a) The powers given to Indian President are more similar to ———-.
b) Constituent Assembly visualised that the Indian President follows the advice of ———-, than ———- of ———-.
Answer:
a) King; England; President; the USA
b) Ministers

Question 8.
What do you think was the difference between the position of the British King and the President of India?
Answer:

1. President occupies the same position as the king under the English Constitution.
2. His position is not hereditary like king but elected.
3. He represents the nation but not rule the nation.
4. He generally bound by the advice of Ministers.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 239

Question 9.
Under federal polity there are more than one government and in the Indian context we have  them at ———- and ———- levels. You belong to ———- state while you belong to ———- nation.
Answer:
Central; State; Andhra Pradesh; Indian.

Question 10.
Which type of Constitution gives more powers to the governments at the Centre?
Answer:

1. Unitary type of Constitution gives more powers to the governments at the centre.
2. Two essential characteristics of a unitary Constitution are the supremacy of the central polity and the absence of subsidiary sovereign polities.

Question 11.
Which type of Constitution gives definite powers to both Central and State governments?
Answer:

1. Federal type of Constitution gives definite powers to both Central and State governments.
2. A Federal Constitution is marked by the existence of a central polity and subsidiary polities side by side and by each being sovereign in the field assigned to it.

Question 12.
In what ways are Indian states not “administrative units or agencies of the Union Government”?
Answer:

1. Indian states are not administrative units or agencies of the union government.
2. Because states have sovereign power assigned to them by the Constitution.
3. They have elected representatives and they are not the agencies of the union, government.
4. They are peripheral entities in the federal system.

Question 13.
Why do you think the framers of the Indian Constitution rejected the idea of dual citizenship (of India and of the state)?
Answer:

1. The framers of the Indian Constitution rejected the idea of dual citizenship.
2. When there is dual citizen, one is for India and other for the state.
3. In such a federal system, rules and laws differ for union and each state.
4. It may not be possible to keep them united.
5. Our Constitution framers showed uniformity in all basic matters which are essential to maintain the unity of the country.
6. So they did not recommend dual citizenship.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 242

Question 14.
Can you point out the main differences between Indian federalism and American federalism?
Answer:

Indian Federalism	American Federalism
1. Single citizenship.	1. Dual citizenship
2. Single judiciary	2. Dual judiciary
3. Uniformity in fundamental, civil and criminal laws.	3. A duality of legal codes.
4. A common All India Civil Service to main important posts.	4. A duality of services.
5. No matter of difficulty for a citizen who moved from state to state.	5. Difficult for a citizen who moved from state to state.
6. India has a parliamentary form of government.	6. America has a presidential form of government.
7. In India the Loksabha (Lower house) is more powerful.	7. In America the House of Senate (Upper house) is more powerful.
8. Indian constitution is a rigid and flexible.	8. American constitution is a only rigid constitution.
9. In India president is nominal head.	9. In America president has supreme power.

Question 15.
Does the Indian Constitution allow the states to have their own civil servants (officers)?
Answer:

1. The Constitution provides that without depriving the states of their right to form their own civil services, there shall be All Indian Service recruited.
2. It is recruited on All India basis with common qualifications, with the uniform scale of pay and the members of which alone could be appointed to the strategic posts throughout the Union.

Question 16.
Are all officials of a state from the state’s civil services?
Answer:

1. No. All officials of a state are not from the state’s civil services.
2. Constitution provides for an All India Services for every state in strategic posts.
3. They are like Collectors, Superintendents of Police, Secretary, Principle Secretary and Chief Secretary, etc.

Question 17.
In America the judiciary of the Central Government and the judiciary of the states are distinct and separate. In India we have a judiciary in the centre and the states – Explain.
Answer:

1. In America the judiciary of the Central Government and that of states are distinct and separate.
2. Whereas we have a single judiciary in our country.
3. Our judiciary is integrated which is formed with the Supreme Court, all High Courts and other courts.
4. We have one jurisdiction and providing remedies in all cases under civil, criminal and constitutional laws.

Question 18.
How were the ideas of Seth and Draft Committee similar or different?
Answer:

1. The ideas of Seth and Draft Committee were different.
2. He argues that members of CA were not elected by Adult Franchise.
3. He says that our Constitution ignores the centrality of villages.
4. He opposes Centralization of power as it leads to totalitarian power.
5. He desires the decentralization of power to a large extent.
6. He believes centralization of power by law leads to Fascism.

Question 19.
Find out what form of autonomy is now being made available to villages after the 73rd amendment of the Constitution.
Answer:

1. Villages were provided with the autonomy of forming Grampanchayat.
2. Now they are self administered units.
3. State Governments shall ensure that direct elections to all seats of Panchayat are conducted.
4. The reservation of seats for SCs and STs in proportion to their population and for women reservation seats are not less 1/3 of the total seats.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 244

Question 20.
Observe the newspaper cutting and answer the following question. What Hems can you read on this page?
Answer:

1. This was the first page of ‘The Statesman’ newspaper of January 26th 1950.
2. Nehru stated that India emerged as a republic.
3. Nehru called for unity and tolerance.
4. Soekarno congratulated Indian MPsforthe birth of the republic.
5. The preamble of our Constitution is printed.
6. Photo of Nehru who was signing on the cabinet assembly was also printed.
7. “Today’s programme in Calcutta” was also printed.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 245

Question 21.
What are the differences of opinion that are being raised in the above debate (‘Debate on Fundamental Rights’ on Page 243 in Textbook)?
Answer:

1. The above discussion is about the abolition of untouchability to provide equality as fundamental rights
2. Some say untouchability is not a disease itself, but the symptom of disease of caste system.
3. So caste system is to abolished.
4. Untouchability means different things to different people. So it should be defined clearly.
5. Unable to come to a conclusion on definition, it was left for future law makers.

Question 22.
If you were given the choice to participate in the debate, what solution would you suggest?
Answer:
If I have a chance to participate in the debate about untouchability, I will suggest untouchability is a crime however it is in any form in the society. It creates harmess to right to equality. So we should uproot casteism from our society which is main responsible to the untouchability.

Question 23.
Do you think it was a good idea to leave the term undefined in the Constitution? Give reasons for your argument.
Answer:
It was good idea to leave the term “Untouchability” in undefined manner in the Constitution. Because, the word untouchability has different meanings in different places.
So when we are going to use the word ‘untouchability’, we should be in clear manner.
That’s why Article 17 (untouchability is a crime), what says it is correct.

Question 24.
Do you agree with the view that the Constitution should have put an end to all aspects of the caste system instead of just ending untouchability? How do you think it could have been done ?
Answer:

1. It would be better if the Constitution had put an end to all aspects of the caste system instead of just ending untouchability.
2. Caste system is so deep rooted that to end all the aspects of it may not be that easy.
3. But austere efforts and stern action against the practicers of caste system would end it.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 246

Question 25.
What are the examples and explanations you can identify with basic features of Indian Constitution?
Answer:

Basic features of our constitution	Examples and explanations
1. Form of Government	1. We have a democratic and parliamentary form of government.
2. Unitary but federal	2. Central governments are supreme but states are autonomous in their fields.
3. Supremacy of the constitution	3. Supremacy of the Constitution is the character of unitary form of government.
4. Sovereignty of the nations	4. We are free in our internal and external affairs.
5. Provision for justice and welfare state	5. We determine to establish welfare state and provide justice to all people without any discri­mination.

 

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 12th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 12th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

10th Class Social Studies 12th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Identify at least ten food items that you consume and find out how far they have travelled from their place of production to reach your plate.
Many people have argued for localisation of food production rather than food travelling long distances. How is localisation of food connected to the environment ? Find out more about the localisation movement in food and organise a discussion and debate in the classroom.
Answer:

Question 2.
Why did the people of Jalsindhi village refuse to move out of the village?
Answer:

1. The people of Jalsindhi were asked to leave the place as it would be the first village in Madhya Pradesh to be submerged by Sardar Sarovar dam.
2. They have lived there for generations, cleared the forests, worshipped Gods, improved the soil, domesticated animals and settled in villages.
3. In hard times they went to the forest and used its produce.
4. They live with their clan, their relatives.
5. They are all alike and they share a common understanding.
6. Their village gods were all there.
7. The land in Gujarat was not acceptable to them.
8. The compensation to be given by Madhya Pradesh government was not acceptable to them.
9. They were born from the belly of the Narmada and they were not afraid to die in her lap.
10. That’s why they were not ready to leave their village.

Question 3.
“This is the land of our forefathers. We have a right to it. If this is lost, then we will only get spades and pickaxes, nothing else ” says Bava Mahalia. Can you explain the statement?
Answer:

1. Bava Mahaliya belonged to Jalsindhi, a village on the banks of river Narmada.
2. When government decided to construct Sardar Sarovar dam, it would be the first village in Madhya Pradesh to be submerged.
3. They lived there for generations.
4. Their ancestors cleared the forest, worshipped Gods, improved the soil, domesticated the animals and settled in villages.
5. They had flowing water of the river Narmada and fodder in the forest.
6. In hard times they depended on forest produce.
7. Their children played on the banks of the river Narmada.
8. They were all alike there and shared a common understanding.
9. Thus, they say that was their forefathers’ land and they won’t leave it. They will try to protect it by hook or crook.

Question 4.
“Last, but not the least, the key to the environmental problem lies in changing lifestyles that will minimise waste and pollution.”
(i) What are the various ways in which our lifestyles affect the environment? Use examples from your own context to explain.
Answer:

1. There are various ways in which our lifestyles affect the environment.
2. Nowadays people are using polythene covers as carry bags for almost every household chore.
3. After usage they are thrown into waste.
4. It takes many years for them to completely decay into land.
5. Everyone is using vehicles to travel, they emit carbon monoxide and a few other gases which cause damage to environment.
6. The usage of air-conditioners and refrigerators is also increasing, the gases emitted by them cause the destruction or holes to ozone layer.
7. Thus, our lifestyle is the key to environmental problems.
8. So we need to change our lifestyle and minimize the waste and reduce the pollution.

(ii) Find out about the various ways in which the problems of garbage and emissions are being dealt with around the world.
Answer:

1. The problems of garbage and emissions are dealt In i
2. The garbage is divided into dry waste and wet waste and thus channelized to be used In production of electricity.
3. Much research is underway in waste management.
4. United Nations organs are working on the emission of gases and their management.
5. Euro standards were set up and the production of vehicles also was made compatible.
6. In many places conversion from the usage of petroleum or diesel to Natural Gas Compressed (CNG) was also advocated.
7. Making products that are more durable, repairable, re-usable and recyclable would help out down on the amount of waste being created.
8. Encouraging people and business to re-use goods via charity shops or other re-use networks would help boost markets for second hand items.

Question 5.
Rapid extraction of minerals and other natural resources would adversely impact the future development prospects. Do you agree?
Answer:

1. Yes, I agree with this statement.
2. We are extracting minerals and natural resources rapidly.
3. Modern industrial development and agricultural development are intensive in use of minerals and natural resources.
4. If this extraction goes on like this, the mineral deposits and natural resources will be deploted.
5. The extent of our current use of minerals and natural resources is such that the chances of future generations to have access to their fair share of scarce resources are endangered.
6. Moreover, the consequences in terms of impacts on the environment may Induce serious damages that go beyond the carrying capacity of the environment.

Question 6.
Why do you think the effects of ‘climate change’ may be felt by all countries?
Answer:
Many global issues are climate-related, including basic needs such as food, water, health and shelter.
Changes in climate may threaten these needs with increased temperatures, rise of sea level, changes in precipitation, etc. Climate change also threatens key natural resources, affecting water and food security.
So conflicts, mass migrations, health Impacts and environmental stresses happened.
So, I think the effects of climate change may be felt by all countries.

Question 7.
Should the average temperature of the earth be treated as a natural resource for all people?
Answer:

1. The average temperature of the earth should be treated as a natural resource for all people.
2. The complete radiation of the heat received by the sun Is important.
3. If the CO₂ proportion in the atmosphere Increases, then less heat will be radiated.
4. This causes an increase in global temperatures called Global Warming.
5. So the average temperature of the earth is treated as natural resource for all people.
6. People can use this temperature for different types of solar energy operated equipment.

(OR)

Yes, the average temperature of the earth can be treated as a natural resource for all people. Taking the advantage of this renewable resource in the form of solar energy, people can reduce their dependency on non – renewable sources like coal, petroleum etc.

Question 8.
What are the lessons to be drawn from the alternate PDS initiative at Zaheerabad mandal in Telangana?
Answer:

1. Many lessons can be drawn from the alternate PDS initiative of Zaheerabad mandal In Telangana.
2. We have to reverse the dependence on crops like wheat and rice.
3. We can adapt to crops like millets.
4. Millets are hardy crops and nutritious.
5. Community can cultivate and start community grain banks.
6. Manage local grain and ensure food security in the village.

Question 9.
“Environment is crucially important for the lives and livelihoods of the local communities and the lifestyles of local communities are harmonious with the environment.” Explain.
Answer:

1. For most rural communities, the link between the environment and the lives of people is very strong.
2. Access to environment serves their needs like food, firewood, fodder, commercially valuable articles, etc.
3. They lose out all if they are displaced.
4. The environment is denuded of its rich biodiversity and rich traditional knowledge.
5. With It they can make good contributions to environment when it is endangered.
6. So, environment is crucially important for the lives and livelihoods of the local communities.
7. The lifestyle of local communities also should be in harmony with the environment.

10th Class Social Studies 12th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 159 & 160

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the inequality in India based on the graphs and figures.
Graph: Distribution of households in India based on annual income (2010 survey)


Answer:
Graph 1 shows the distribution of households in India based on annual income. It gives the details of rich people, middle class, below middle class and poor people. We can see a lot of difference in terms of inequality. There are 135 million households with annual income Rs. 1.5 lakhs, 71 million households with income between Rs. 1.5 to Rs. 3.4 lakhs, 31 million households with income between Rs. 3.4 to Rs. 17 lakhs whereas 3 million households are there with annual income above Rs. 17 lakhs.
Graph 2 depicts that the total wealth held by Billionaires. When compared to 1996 and 2004, the total wealth by Billionaires had an enormous increase in 2011.
Graph 3 shows an increase in the number of Billionaires. There were 3 billionaires in 1996, 9 billionaires in 2004 but the number of billionaires was 56 in 2011 which shows an enormous increase between 2004 and 2011.

1. The figures show the living conditions of the rich and the poor. The rich are getting richer and richer whereas the poor are getting poorer and poorer.
2. The rich are leading comfortable lives and the poor are living in pitiable conditions without even basic amenities.
3. People with education, skill and wealth have made the best use of opportunities.
4. On the other hand, there are many people who have not shared the benefits.
5. Such wide inequalities in incomes and opportunities across people cannot be the basis for a just society.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 161

Question 2.
Revisit the class IX chapters on Indian Agriculture and industry.
How have they discussed issues of disparity and distribution and access to resources in these two contexts?
Answer:

1. There are disparities in cultivating various crops and areas under such crop cultivation.
2. The land distribution was not equitable, more land was concentrated in the hands of large farmers and landlords.
3. Small landholdings were there for many small and marginal farmers.
4. There were irrigation facilities for only 40% of the total land cultivated.
5. When it comes to Industries, we lack in sophisticated technologies and in the adaption of them.
6. The capital required did not meet through mobilization and expansions of industries were not in large scale.
7. There is shortage of skilled labourers and the wages paid were also low.
8. Post globalisation era, changed these situations to some extent of improvement.

Question 3.
Identify how the idea of development has been contested through problems of the environment.
Answer:

1. The Idea of development has been contested through problems of environment.
2. The ground water levels fell rapidly and ground water recharge is also not to the expected level.
3. Fertilizers made the soil less fertile and ever increasing costs to farmers.
4. Industrialization has resulted in a world where natural resources are threatened.
5. Industrialization has resulted in disruption of climate.
6. Economic development focussed narrowly on GDP springs from its neglect of the environment.
7. Environmental resources have been used up and damaged to an unprecedented extent.
8. There occurred long-term damages to the environment.

Question 4.
What kind of environmental problems did the spread of ‘green revolution’ create? What lesson does this have for the future?
Answer:

1. The ‘Green Revolution’ has brought in several environmental imbalances.
2. The High Yielding Variety seeds usage required plenty of water.
3. The number of tubewells were increased over the years, the groundwater level fell rapidly which meant that less groundwater is available for future use.
4. Green Revolution resulted in a loss of soil fertility.
5. The soil was deprived of the normal production of micro-organisms.
6. Chemical fertilizers polluted groundwater, rivers, lakes, etc.
7. Thus, it resulted in ever-increasing costs for farmers.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 162

Question 5.
Why do you think has the modern method of lifting water proved to be unsustainable?
Answer:

1. The modern method of lifting water has proved to be unsustainable.
2. Initially, there was relief from drudgery, and lifting of water with pumps was easy.
3. With the lifting of groundwater by electric and motor pumps, the water table started going down.
4. Nearly 1/3 of the country is pumping out groundwater than what goes in as recharge.
5. About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 mts during the past 20 years.
6. Groundwaters are also becoming unsafe and being contaminated by chemical industrial waste.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 164

Question 6.
The environment is also called ‘natural capital’. Recall the definition of capital from Chapter 9. Why do you think the environment is called natural capital?
Answer:

1. Capital from chapter 9 defines as the money needed to meet the inputs of agriculture and the raw materials for production.
2. They also included factors of production like land, labour on which money is to be spent.
3. Many naturally existing substances like land, water, minerals and ores, products from trees and animals are central to the production processes.
4. All the sectors of economy too are dependent on natural resources in various degrees i.e., environment’s source function.
5. Thus, we can say that environment is natural capital.

Question 7.
Why should water be considered as common property?
Answer:

1. Water is available to us through the nature.
2. We can have access to it from different sources like underground water, canals, tanks and rivers, etc.
3. It is a compulsory part of living.
4. Thus it is common for all and is called common property.
5. We shall have it and retain it for the future generations.
6. We have used up it and this extra use is causing a concern of future availability.
7. Underground waters are to be recharged and we should see that they are not contaminated.
8. For a better quality of life to everyone, water is necessary. So water is considered as common property.

Question 8.
Why was it considered necessary to go to court to stop the use of endosulfan?
Answer:

1. In 1976, to protect cashew crop the government sprayed the pesticide endosulfan by helicopter over 15,000 acres of land in Kasaragod in the northen part of Kerala.
2. The air, water and entire environment was suffused with the pesticide.
3. Caused serious health problems to local people, especially agricultural labourers.
4. At least 5,000 people died and for countless life became miserable.
5. So, it was necessary to go to court to stop the use of endosulfan.
6. In recent years, the use of endosulfan was banned by court order.

Question 9.
The court order banning the use of endosulfan argued that the pesticide violated the Right to Life (Article 21 of the Constitution). Can you describe how use of endosulfan had violated people’s Right to Life?
Answer:

1. The Constitution gaurantees Right to Life under Article 21 of it.
2. It states that every individual has the right to lead life which is secured.
3. But the spraying of pesticide, endosulfan claimed the lives of 5,000 people.
4. Apart from this it has caused cancer and deformities which made life worse than death.
5. The treatment was continued for 25 years.
6. Thus, the use of endosulfan had violated people’s Right to Life.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 167

Question 10.
“In the chapter ideas on Development, we read that what is development for one might not be development for another”. Use Bava Mahaiiya’s letter to explain this statement.
Answer:

1. Bava Mahaliya in his letter brings out different ideas of development.
2. The idea that the government took was different from him.
3. Government says their lands were not hospitable but they say they are satisfied with living there.
4. As government calls them, they say that they own houses and have prosperous agriculture.
5. They have traditional knowledge of every tree and herb and shrub, which would be lost if they are to be dislocated.
6. They say they pool together and construct a house in one day and are living alike with sharing a common understanding.
7. Thus, we can say ‘what is development for one might not be development for another’.

Question 11.
Create a table identifying the current aspects of living and changes that will occur if the tribal people are re-settled in a different state on the following aspects:
Food habits; Farming; Finance; Relation with forest; Religious practices; House making; Social relations.
Answer:

Question 12.
How is the loss of biodiversity being expressed in the letter?
Answer:

1. The loss of biodiversity is expressed in different ways in the letter.
2. The forest will be submerged and cannot be seen.
3. The various trees, shrubs and herbs are not seen and their traditional knowledge will be forgotten.
4. Many different kinds of crops that were not grown outside the forest will not be cultivated.
5. Channels made from streams will be washed away.
6. Thus, the loss of biodiversity was discussed.

Question 13.
For the tribal people livelihood, cultural practices and social relations are deeply connected to the local environment. Can you explain?
Answer:

1. They get their livelihood from local cultivation of own seeds, manure from livestock.
2. For irrigation water they make channels from stream in the local environment.
3. They live with their clan, their relatives and their kin.
4. All of them pool together to any individual’s work needs.
5. Their village gods were all there and their ancestors memorial stones were there.
6. People come from all over to celebrate their festivals.
7. All of them go to market where the youth choose their spouses.
8. Thus, tribal people’s livelihood, cultural practices and social relations are deeply connected to the local government.

Question 14.
Do you think that the people of Jalsindhi village are food secure in their present location?
Answer:

1. I think the people of Jalsindhi village are not food secure in their present location.
2. As far as the various crops they grew, nothing insecure of food.
3. They eat the leaves of forest trees like hegva, mahia, amli, etc. It does not refer to food security.
4. In times of famine they are survived by eating roots and tubers which is not food secure.
5. When they fall sick, their medicine was leaves, roots and bark from forest, this is also not
   food secure.

Question 15.
If you lived in the above situation, how would you have responded to the demand for resettlement?
Answer:

1. If I lived in the above situation, I would have accepted the demand for resettlement.
2. At the place of resettlement, one may get schooling to their children.
3. In place of tribal medicine treatments governments provide with public health.
4. The food taken there may at times prove to be health hazardous.
5. Government pay provide with alternate land to practice modern agriculture, etc.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 168

Question 16. Observe the following figure.
Write your caption in the context of the environment.
Answer:
FOR BETTER FUTURE – SAVE THE NATURE
Man is overusing natural resources indiscriminately
Creating severe problems ecologically
For our future generations we should work collectively
To conserve these invaluable resources judiciously
And take measures that are eco-friendly.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 169

Question 17.
You have read about the protests against the Kudankulam nuclear power plant in the Chapter on Ideas of Development. Can you interpret the protest in view of what you have read here?
Answer:

1. Kudankulam was a peaceful village in Tamil Nadu.
2. Most people from there depend on fishing for livelihood.
3. With the setting up Kudankulam nuclear power plant all of them have to vacate that place.
4. They lost their livelihood.
5. Not only they have allayed the fears of the accidents in Nuclear plants.
6. A recent accident jn Nuclear plant in Japan created a havoc in the minds of people.
7. They have protested on large scale.

Question 18.
“Environment protection is not just crucial for those communities directly affected but for all of us.” Explain with a few examples.
Answer:

1. Climate change affects all countries and people, some may be more than the others.
2. Even a country is trying to reduce emission of greenhouse gases, its environment would continue to deteriorate if other countries do not regulate their emissions.
3. As more and more ground water is pumped out through electric and motor power pumps the water tables deplete.
4. In 59% of the districts of India, water from hand pumps and wells are unsafe for drinking.
5. Thus, environment protection is not just crucial for those communities directly affected but for ail of us.

Question 19.
Revisit the class VIII chapters on Mines and Minerals in the context of Andhra Pradesh. What issues of conflict emerge between industrialists and people living in regions of minerals?
Answer:

1. People living in regions of minerals face cutting down of forests, destroying fields and habitations, creating large pits and mounds.
2. Nearby rivers and water sources are polluted.
3. This results in people leaving the land like that as the older use of land cannot be continued.
4. Even people who live nearby face problems created by mining.
5. Uncontrolled mining by the private companies far in excess of the permits given to them and disregarded safety measures.
6. Minerals taken by private companies without paying royalty to the government- thus people do not get anything.

Question 20.
There has been rapid increase in the extraction of minerals for domestic use and for exports to other countries since liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy. Using figures from the table here substantiate the observation.
Answer:

1. The extraction of Bauxite is raised from 6108 thousand tonnes in 1997-98 to 15250 thousand tonnes in 2008-2009.
2. The extraction of Coal is raised from 297000 in 1997-98 to 493000 thousand tonnes in 2008-2009.
3. The extraction of Iron ore is raised from 75723 in 1997-1998 to 225544 thousand tonnes in 2008-2009.
4. The extraction of Chromite is raised from 1515 thousand and tonnes in 1997-1998 to 3976 thousand tonnes in 2008-2009.

Question 21.
What do you think would be the environmental and human costs of such rapid growth in mining?
Answer:

1. Such rapid growth in mining would have a negative impact on the environment as well as at the human cost.
2. Mines are dug deep, so the layers of earth become weak.
3. They may cause landslides, avalanches, earthquakes, etc.
4. Most of the water is used in the process of digging and later process also.
5. Post liberalisation era brought private people (companies) into mining activities.
6. Accidents may occur, tunnel may fall down, or get flooded with water or there can be fire and suffocation due to gases – these dangers may be faced in mining.
7. With the motto of earning profits, these companies do not take proper measures of safety.
8. Thus, there may be many human losses in rapid extractions of minerals.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 170

Question 22.
Observe the following picture.
Write your caption in the context of development.
Answer:
On the name of development, man is causing nature’s destruction, So for the flora and fauna where is the protection ?

Project work

You have read about composting in the context of organic farming. Here is a simple method that you can try out in your school and home.

• Take a large size container and make several holes for water drainage.
• Layer it with coconut fibres for drainage.
• Cover it with a thin layer of soil.
• Add vegetable wastes in a layer.
• Add another layer of soil.
• Again add vegetable wastes in a layer.
• Cover with soil.
• After one week, introduce earthworms in it.
• After decomposition, use the soil to make a small garden with plants of your choice.

Answer:
Self Activity.

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 16th Lesson National Movement in India–Partition & Independence Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 16th Lesson National Movement in India–Partition & Independence

10th Class Social Studies 16th Lesson National Movement in India–Partition & Independence Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Make a table and show how different groups, and individuals in India responded to World War II. What dilemmas were faced by these groups?
Answer:

Groups/Individuals	Response to World War-ll
Congress	1. Demanded a national government immediately. 2. Should they help the British? – dilemma 3. Opposed to Fascist conquering of sovereign nations.
Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad in 1940	1. As the president of INC decided to start Individual Satyagrahas.
Jawaharlal Nehru	1. Against Fascist countries – to join the British.
Subhash Chandra Bose	1. To defeat British to seek the help of Japan and Germany. 2. Formed INA to fight British. 3. Fought for 3 years.
Mahatma Gandhi	1. Gave a mantra ‘Do or Die’. 2. Mass struggle of ‘Quit India’ movement.

Question 2.
Given the brutal manner in which particular communities like Jews and others were treated in Germany, do you think it would have been morally right to support Germany or Japan?
Answer:

1. Hitler propagated Nazism in Germany.
2. They killed lakhs of Jews.
3. Even though Japan is a small country in Asia, has been competing with powerful European nations and started colonialism in the name of Pan Asianism.
4. So, morally it is not right to support Germany or Japan.

Question 3.
Make a list of various reasons for the Partition of the country.
(OR)
Write a short note on various consequences of partition of India.
Answer:

1. The Muslim League thought of reserved seats for Muslims, where they are the majority.
2. Congress accepted this logic, so, from 1909 separate electorates were implemented.
3. League pointed out many issues and blamed Congress of insensitivity to the needs of Muslims.
4. The fears of League were fueled by British ‘Divide and Rule Policy’.
5. League was able to convince Muslim masses of the benefits and need for a separation.
6. When Cabinet Mission recommended India was to be united, League opposed it.
7. They asked people to come out on the streets and riots and violence and thousands of people were dead.
8. So it was inevitable for the partition of India.

Question 4.
What were the different ways in which power sharing among different communities was organised before Partition?
Answer:

1. Before the Partition there were different ways in which power sharing among different communities was organised.
2. There were too many organizations like the Muslim League, Congress, Hindu Maha Jana Sabha, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, etc. in function in India.
3. There were separate electorates for Muslims both provincial assemblies and in central assembly.
4. In 1946, Muslim League won all 30 seats in the Centre and 442 out of 509 seats in the provinces.
5. It had got more than 86% of the Muslim votes.
6. In 1946 the Congress swept the general constituencies, capturing over 91% of the non-Muslim vote.

Question 5.
How did British colonialists practise their ‘divide and rule’ policy in India? How was it similar or different from what you have studied about Nigeria? (OR)
How did the British implement “Divide and rule” policy in India ?
Answer:

1. The British colonialists practised their Divide and Rule Policy in India.
2. They encouraged Muslims to set up a separate party Muslim League in 1906.
3. They set separate electorate for Muslims from 1909.
4. They gave communal electorate to Sikhs also in 1932.
5. They also extended separate electorate to Dalits.
6. Thus, all the time they wanted to weaken the hold of Congress on people, which is fighting hard against them for Independence.

Comparison :
In Nigeria, in 1939 the British separated the Yoruba and Igbo regions into Western and Eastern Nigeria and encouraged competition and conflict between the three major tribal groups so as to be able to “divide and rule” the country.
(OR)

1. In the Indian context, the basic truth is that the British did rule and, they did try to divide opposition.
2. Divide and rule was seen in the following actions :
   a) Partition of Bengal
   b) Encouraging formation of Muslim League,
   c) Separate electorates for Muslims and for SC.
3. The idea that ‘Divide and Rule’ was such a set and evil strategy that it actively, logically led on to partition of our country.
4. To solve the minority question, the British imperialists, implementing their policy of divide and rule, separated the continent into a Hindu and a Muslim state.

Question 6.
What were the different ways in which religion was used in politics before Partition? (Or)
Trace out role of religion before the Partition of India.
Answer:

1. Religion played a crucial role in politics before Partition.
2. To weaken Congress’s hold over the people, the British vigorously followed ‘Divide and Rule’ policy.
3. So with support and encouragement of British, Muslim League for Muslims was started.
4. Separate electorate and reserved seats for Muslims were there from 1909.
5. Hindu Maha Sabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh wished to unite all Hindus overcoming caste divisions.
6. As minorities, Muslims made a demand to carve out a new state from regions where they were majorities.
7. The League created an impression that Congress was basically a Hindu party.
8. There were riots broke out and several thousand people dead after Cabinet Mission plan was rejected.

Question 7.
How were workers and peasants mobilised during the last years of freedom struggle? (Or)
“Peasants were also restless during British rule.” Give your opinion.
Answer:

1. On Feb. 22,1946,3 lakh mill workers put down their tools in Bombay and fought violently for two days.
2. Small and poor peasants agitated in Bengal for 2/3 of the crop for them instead of 1/2 crop then.
3. This was called ‘Tebhaga’ movement and was led by Provincial Kisan Sabha.
4. In Telangana farmers opposed land owners and demanded their debts to be cancelled.
5. They also demanded that bonded labour should be stopped and land be distributed to those who worked on it.
6. Peasants took up arms to fight against the rulers and their armies.
7. Armed revolt of peasants took place in Travancore in Punnapra-Vayalar.

Question 8.
How did Partition affect the lives of ordinary people? What was the political response to mass migration following Partition?
(OR)
Read the following paragraph and answer the question given below.
Gandhiji moved amongst riot hit people, in camps and hospitals, spreading the message of peace and brotherhood. This was not the freedom and Swaraj he had worked so hard to achieve. The Father of the Nation fasted and did not celebrate on the first Independence Day.
Comment on the conditions that the people had to face on both sides of the newly drawn border with the creation of Pakistan.
Answer:

1. They felt anger and hatred against each other for being forced to move out of their homes, villages and cities.
2. Around 1-5 crore people both Hindus and Muslims were displaced.
3. They were killed, looted and burnt.
4. Between 2 to 5 lakh both Hindus and Muslims were killed.
5. They became refugees, lived in relief camps and hospitals, moved out in trains to find new homes.
6. Gandhiji moved amongst riot hit people, in camps and hospitals, spreading the message of peace and brotherhood.
7. The Congress now passed a resolution on the rights of minorities.
8. Thus, while the nation was celebrating its first independence day, the father of the nation was on fasting.

Question 9.
Integration of various Princely states into the new Indian nation was a challenging task. Discuss.
(OR)
How were the princely states integrated?
(OR)
“Integration of various princely state in newly independent India was a challenging task”.
Answer:

1. At the time of withdrawal of British from India, there were around 550 princely states in Indian territory.
2. They become independent after the British rule.
3. They were asked by the British to decide if they wanted to join India, Pakistan or remain independent.
4. In Hyderabad and Travancore peasants were revolting with arms against the ruling Zamindars.
5. Sardar Vallabhai Patel was given charge of this matter of merging Princely states into Indian Union in July 1947.
6. He began discussing with princes the necessity to join India.
7. All Princely States agreed to join Indian Union except Kashmir, Hyderabad and Junagadh.
8. In Hyderabad and Junagadh, the rulers were Muslims and majority of population were Hindus, rulers want to join Pakistan people want to Join India, a conflict.
9. In Kashmirthe ruler was a Hindu and majority population were Muslims, so a difficulty in consensus.
10. Thus it was difficult, but thr^e states were also made to join in the next two years.
11. Junagadh was merged after conducting referendum.
12. Kashmir was merged after receiving a letter from the ruler.
13. But Hyderabad was merged after a police action.
14. With great efforts of Patel, this challenging task was completed by merging these states.

(OR)

1. The 550 princely states were given freedom to decide their future. The ordinary people did not want princely states to continue.
2. They started movements and revolts.
3. Guided by the masterful diplomacy of Sardar Patel, the home minister, most of them acceded to India.
4. However, the Nawab of Junagadh, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir did not accept to unite with India.
5. Sardar Patel made it clear that if they do not join India, the army would have to be sent to complete the process of unification.
6. With the military action on these, the work of integration of princely states had been completed.

10th Class Social Studies 16th Lesson National Movement in India–Partition & Independence InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 218

Question 1.
Do you think Indians should have felt grateful to the British government for the powers given by the Act of 1935 ?
Answer:

1. The Government of India Act was passed in 1935 by the British parliament.
2. According to this right to vote was given to a small section of population.
3. Winning Prime Minister should work under the supervision of a British Governor.
4. Indians made a pledge to have complete swaraj in the Lahore session of INC in 1929.
5. So, they may not be greatful to British, but they grabbed the opportunity with eagerness.
6. It is our country, so we need to elect our representatives.

Question 2.
Do you think the rise of Hitler was such a big threat to the freedom of humanity that Indians should have set aside their fight for freedom from the British and concentrated on the fight for a free world ?
Answer:

1. The rise of Hitler was a big threat to the freedom of humanity.
2. He believes in his ‘Nordic’ racial supremacy.
3. He was the root cause of the deaths of lakhs of Jews.
4. He has the attitude of vengeance. He also hates Communism.
5. Indians should have set aside their fight for freedom from the British.
6. Indians should have concentrated on the fight for a free world.

Question 3.
According to you, what would be the reasons for and against supporting the British in World War II?
Answer:
Reason for supporting the British:

1. Most congress leaders were opposed to Hitler, Mussolini, and the ideology of fascism.
2. They were determined to resist the Fascist drive to conquer other sovereign nations.
3. So India had no other choice it was better to support the British.

Reasons for against the British:

1. It is vindicative that they are showing double standards.
2. On one side they say they are protecting sovereign nations and on the other, they occupied India.
3. They did not even consult Indians before announcing that India would support them.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 219

Question 4.
Do you think Congress could have taken some other steps to protest against the attitude of the British?
Answer:

1. A difficult question arose before the Congress leaders.
2. Should they support the British in fighting a war against Germany?
3. The Congress was torn in its mind over this question.
4. The British were willing to give India Dominion Status.
5. Congress wanted a promise of full freedom.
6. The Congress was upset with the British and walked out of the provincial governments.
7. There was no other alternative.

Question 5.
Why did the British not make the promise and win the support of the Indians? After all, in 1939 only a promise was being asked for ? Discuss together in class.
Answer:

1. During the Second World War the British intended to have the support of Indians.
2. But Indians demanded full freedom after the War, at least a promise to that effect.
3. It was hard for the British to accept that they will really have to dismantle the empire they had built.
4. The British objected to this by saying that they have to also protect the interests of several other communities in India.
5. With this they implied that congress did not represent all Indians, like Muslims.
6. They also implied that congress may be Ignoring the interests of many Indians and the British were required to protect these interests.

Question 6.
When ministers resign, who continues to conduct the day to day affairs of governance ?
Answer:
When ministers resign, now, the government officials continue to conduct the day to day affairs of governance.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 220

Question 7.
Read the passage and answer the following question.
“Through 1940 and 1941, the Congress organised a series of individual satyagrahas to pressure ; the rulers to promise freedom once the war had ended. No major protest was launched.”
Imagine what would happen if Congress leaders stepped up protests against the British government at this point of time ? Would it make the fight for freedom stronger?
Answer:

1. If Congress leaders stepped up protests against the British government at this time, the British would severely punish our leaders and imprison them.
2. It would not make the fight form freedom stronger.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 221

Question 8.
Discuss the importance of addressing the concerns of minorities. Why is it felt that majority based elections are not enough to help minorities ?
Answer:

1. The traditional notion of democracy has always upheld the voice of the majority over the minority.
2. So it is the fundamental importance that the minority is protected against discrimination and exploitation.
3. Basically India is a democratic state. In any democracy there is always a danger that the interest of majority conflicts with the interest of minorities. It may not be also.
4. If there is such a conflict, it is the interest of majority which will override the interest of the minority even if it happens to an unjust interest.
5. So it is felt that majority based elections are not enough to help minorities.

Question 9.
Separate electorate was one method to protect minority interests. Can you think of some other methods that can be helpful for this purpose? For example, would it help if there was a rule that a non Muslim member of a council must consult the Muslim population of his/her constituency before voting on an issue that concerned them? When would such a method work and under what conditions would it fail to be effective ?
Answer:

1. The Indian Constitution paved a way – ‘reservations’ to the minorities. It is a wonderful solution for the problems of minorities.
2. It would not help.
3. Such a method would work in small village panchayats. In minorities also there may be difference of opinion.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 223

Question 10.
How would people assess the possible benefits from the politics of Muslim League? Would they have any doubts? What kind of questions will they have? Discuss.
Answer:

1. League was able to convince the Muslim masses of the benefits and need for a separate nation.
2. Peasants could think of a state where Hindu Zamindars and Moneylenders did not exploit them.
3. Traders, businessmen and job seekers could think of a state where competition from Hindu traders, businessmen and job seekers would not be there.
4. There would be greater religious freedom.
5. Muslims had the fears of Hindu domination.
6. Their doubt was that it is difficult to protect their interests in an Indian Government.
7. i) What about their future in Independent India ?
   ii) How would be their conditions as minorities ? etc.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 224

Question 11.
Why did the Japanese allow Bose to recruit soldiers whom they had imprisoned?
Answer:

1. Japan and Southeast Asia were major refuges for Indian nationalists living in exile before the start of World War-II.
2. Japan has sent an intelligence mission to gain support from the Indian movement.
3. These missions were successful in establishing contacts with indian nationalists in exile supporting the establishment and organisation of the indian Independence league.
4. At the outbreak of World War – II, in Southeast Asia, 70,000 Indian troups were stationed in Malaya and later imprisoned by Japan after the fall of Malasia and Singapore.
5. From these prisoners of war, the first Indian National Army was formed and received considerable Japanese aid and support.
6. In 1943 the Japanese invited Bose to lead the Indian Nationalist Movement in East Asia.
7. Bose accepted and reached Japan and took the lead.

Question 12.
Why did the Indian soldiers join INA?
Answer:

1. In the beginning, they were soldiers in the British Army.
2. They were captured by the Japanese when the British were defeated in Burma and Malaya.
3. They were prisoners of war.
4. Bose convinced Japan to allow them to form an Army.
5. This army would fight alongside of Japan and against the British.
6. The soldiers joined Indian National Army with patriotism and national consciousness.

Question 13.
Why were Indian soldiers not scared of losing the war and falling into the hands of the British? What would the British do to them ?
Answer:

1. The Indian soldiers felt very proud to fight for the country, so they didn’t scare of losing the war and felling into the hands of the British.
2. They hope, that if the Britishers were defeated in the war we would get independence.
3. But in the war Indian army was defeated and punishments were imposed by British.

Question 14.
Review the period 1942-45. How can you say that the resistance of Indian people to the British rule had become more powerful than ever before?
Answer:

1. Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch ‘Quit India’ campaign in 1942.
2. Although he was jailed at once, young activists organised strikes all over the country.
3. Students^eft their colleges to go to jail.
4. Socialist resistance was very active.
5. Independent Governments were formed in several districts.
6. Bose waged war for 3 years with his INA against mighty British Army.
7. All the masses of the country were active against the British.
8. So we can say during 1942-45 resistance to British rule had become more powerful than ever before.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 225

Question 15.
Imagine the tragic turn of events and how these must have affected the lives of these people.
Answer:
The soldiers of INA were imprisoned and the British decided to punish them. A trial of INA soldiers was began – to court martial them for being traitors to the army and hanging them to death in punishment.
Unrest and unhappiness and discontent kept erupting in different parts of India as the INA trails proceeded.
In this popular upsurge of nationalist consciousness, the issue of Hindu-Muslim identity and separatist politics often became unimportant.

People were restless with food shortages, rationing of food, high prices, black marketing and hoarding. Railway and postal employees and other government employees were planning to go on India wide strike against prices.

Question 16.
What horror would the other Indians have felt at the thought that the INA soldiers who were like heroes to them were being tried and hanged as traitors by the British ?
Answer:

1. The INA soldiers were like heroes to other Indians.
2. They weret^ing tried and hanged as traitors by the British.
3. Unrest and unhappiness and discontent kept erupting in different parts of India as the INA trials proceeded.
4. Nationalist consciousness was growing and separatist politics became unimportant.
5. The people’s anger and sympathy gave no thought to the religion of the soldiers.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 226

Question 17.
Review the actions of ordinary masses in the country. What were they demanding ?
Answer:

1. On 18th February 1946, Royal INDIAN NAVY in Bombay came out from harbour on hunger strike.
2. The strike committee demanded better food, equal pay for white and Indian sailors release of INA and other political prisoners, withdrawal of Indian troops from Indonesia.
3. In 1946 the workers of factories and mills stoppages their work and demand for better wages and solving their problems.
4. CPI and the Socialist parties were active in these movements.
5. In Bengal small and poor peasants who took land for rental purpose demanded that their share of harvest should be increased.
6. The Telangana farmers demanded that debts of farmers be written off, bonded labour be stopped and land be distributed to those who tilled it.

Question 18.
It was noted that religious divisions were not important in many of these mass movements mentioned above. What could be the reason for the unity of the people in these movements?
Answer:

1. Unrest, unhappiness and discontent kept erupting in different parts of India.
2. Popular upsurge of nationalist consciousness did not allow separatist religious politics.
3. The people’s anger and sympathy gave no thought to the religion of the soldiers.
4. All were taking part in movements unitedly.

Question 19.
What were the demands of the Muslim League that were not acceptable to the Congress? Do you agree with the reasons of the Congress ?
Answer:

1. League should have an absolute right to choose all the Muslim members of the Executive Council.
2. The separate nation of Pakistan to be carved out of Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, Baluchistan, Afghan and Kashmir.
3. These were the demands that were not acceptable to the Congress made by League.
4. Congress was correct as sizable Muslim representatives are there from Congress and other party like Unionist Party of Punjab.

Question 20.
According to you, what did the election results of 1946 indicate about public mood ?
Answer:

1. In 1946, elections were held for the Provincial Governments and Central Assembly.
2. Muslim League got more than 86% of Muslim votes.
3. Congress captured 91% of non-Muslim vote.
4. Public mood is vindicative that there is great hope in the Congress in non-Muslim people and, in Muslim League in Muslim people.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 228

Question 21.
Newspaper report on Indian Independance. What different items can you identify in it ? Discuss.
Answer:

1. This was the first page of “The Statesman” Newspaper dated Friday, August 15,1947.
2. There is political freedom for the fifth of Human race as Two Dominions are born.
3. Nehru’s reply to Mr. Attlee that there will be close friendship with the Britain.
4. The excellency MnC. Rajagopalachari Sworn as first Governer of West Bengal.
5. We can see joyful sceffnes in Calcutta celebrations by Hindus and muslims.
6. First Cabinet of India begins to function headed by Pandit Nehru.
7. The meeting of Mahatma was listened without interruption.
8. And some ad like OMEGA watch is seen here.

 

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 11th Lesson Food Security Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 11th Lesson Food Security

10th Class Social Studies 11th Lesson Food Security Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Correct the false statements.
(a) Increase in food production alone ensures food security.
Answer:
It is not sufficient that there is increase in food production. Everyone should be able to buy them for consumption.

(b) It is important to encourage mono-crop cultivation to ensure food security.
Answer:
Encouraging mono-crops will not serve the purpose of food secuirty. It makes the soil lose its ife&ility. Care must be taken to encourage farmers to go for agricultural diversification.

(c)
Low-calorie intake is higher among people with low income.
Answer:
It is correct.

(d) Legislations have an important role to play in ensuring food security.
Answer:
It is correct. Those legislations are needed to be executed in a heartful manner.

(e) PDS system could be used to address the issue of child nutrition.
Answer:
To address the issue of child nutrition PDS could be used. Anganwadis and Mid-day meals are. serving the needs of children. Their parents shall be made to have the purchasing power to sufficient food with secured access.

Question 2.
The consumption of calories has consistently ——– in rural areas. The average per capita calorie consumption in 2004-05 is ——– than the required calories. The minimum calorie consumption for persons living in urban areas is 2100 calories. The difference between actual calorie consumption in 2004-05 and the required calorie consumption in urban areas is ——–.
Answer:
(i) decreased
(ii) less
(iii) 300 calories

Question 3.
Supposing the foodgrain production has been affected in a particular year, because of a natural calamity. In what ways can the government ensure higher availability of foodgrains for the year?
Answer:

1. The food production has been affected in a particular year, because of natural calamity.
2. The government ensures higher availability of foodgrains for the year in different ways.
3. It could arrange from stocks with it.
4. It could arrange from imports i.e., increasing the amount of foodgrains compared to the exports.
5. Encouraging the farmers who suffered in calamity with waiver of taxes and providing free inputs.
6. Insuring the crops all the time by paying the premium by government itself.

Question 4.
Use an imaginary example from your context to describe the relationship between underweight
and access to food.
Answer:

1. There is some relationship between underweight and access to food.
2. If we have access to sufficient food with required calorific values, there is no question of underweight.
3. No one would have a lower weight if he/she had access to adequate food.
4. The purchasing power of people is also related with weight.
5. Madhavaiah and his family earns monthly Rs. 6000 and with a rented house and medication to parents, he can only afford less amount on food apart from educating his children.
6. Thus, all his family members do not consume sufficient calories food, which resulted in underweight.
7. They are even prone to diseases.

Question 5.
Analyse a week’s food habit of your family. Create a table to explain nutrition elements included in it.
Answer:

Question 6.
Describe the relationship between increase in food production and food security.
Answer:

1. Producing a sufficient amount of foodgrains is an important requirement of food security.
2. The government creates conditions so that farmers are able to produce an increasing amount of foodgrains.
3. The necessary inputs to agriculture are to be provided in a judicious manner.
4. To expand the irrigation and water is to be made available to all.
5. It is not sufficient to produce food grains and other items.
6. Everyone should be able to buy them for consumption.

Question 7.
Give reasons to argue for the following statement “Public Distribution system can ensure better food security for people”.
(OR)
“Central and State Governments purchase one-third of food grains from farmers. Through different programmes, these food grains are distributed to people.”
Do you think that the public distribution system managed by the government is providing proper food security? Express your opinion in an elaborate manner.
Answer:

1. The Indian government came out with a new law in 2013 called the National Food Security Act to legalise peoples’ Right to Food.
2. This food security bill covers nearly 70% of people of the country.
3. They will be given rice, wheat and millets at subsidised prices of Rs. 3. Rs. 2 and Rs. 1 respectively.
4. Every person of low income families is entitled to 5 kg of foodgrains at subsidised price.
5. Among poor families, the poorest ones are entitled to 35 kilograms of foodgrains.
6. 75% of rural population and 50% of urban population will be covered under this scheme.
7. It will provide cooked meals for pregnant women, lactating mothers, children between 1-6 years and mid-day meals to children of 6-14 years.
8. If the government is not able to arrange foodgrains, it will give cash for the people to buy food grains. Thus, public food distribution can ensure better food security for people.

Question 8.
Below poster what indicates about food security.
Answer:
The above poster indicates :

1. Every night one in seven of us goes to bed with hungry.
2. We know that it doesn’t have to be happend in this way.
3. We wake up with this situation.
4. So food security is very important in our life.

Question 9.
Make similar posters about food security.
Answer:

10th Class Social Studies 11th Lesson Food Security InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 146

Question 1.
Examine the given graph and fill in the blanks.
The food grains production has grown over the period 1970-71 to ——–. Paddy production increased from about 40 million tonnes in 1970-71 to about ——– million tonnes in 2010-11. Another important food crop that witnessed rapid increase in production during this 40 years period was ——–. Compared to paddy and wheat the production of ——– did not increase during 1970-2011. This could be due to ——–.
Answer:
The food grains production has grown over the period of 1970-71 to 2010-11. Paddy production increased from about 40 million tonnes in 1970-71 to about 96 million tonnes in 2010-11. Another important food crop that witnessed rapid increase in production during this 40 years period was wheat. Compared to paddy and wheat the production of jowar did not increase during 1976-2011. This could be due to dry land agriculture.

Question 2.
Read again the section on “Land and other natural resources” In chapter 9, What are the possible ways of increasing production of crops from land?
Answer:

1. After going through “Land and other natural resources” in chapter 9, there are a few possible ways of increasing production of crops from land.
2. One way is to grow more than one crop on the same piece of land.
3. It is the most common way of increasing production from land.
4. The other way is to grow three different crops in a year due to the well-developed irrigation system.
5. Electric tubewells could irrigate much larger area of land easily.
6. Increasing the production with intensive use of natural resources like land and water.

(OR)
The possible ways of increasing production of crops from land.

1. Mechanization
2. High yield varieties, which were the basis of the green revolution.
3. Fertilizers
4. HW of seeds
5. Increased plant density.
6. Growing three different crops in a year due to the well developed irrigation system.
7. Electric tube wells could irrigate much larger area of land easily.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 147

Question 3.
Describe the per hectare yield of paddy and wheat by filling the following passage.
Two crops ——– and ——– always had low yield when compared with paddy and wheat. Yet both these crops have shown slow increase in yield in recent years.
Answer:
Two crops jowar and oil seeds always had low yield when compared with paddy and wheat. Yet both these crops have shown slow increase in yield in recent years.

Question 4.
Why should attention be given to increase the yield of jowar? Discuss.
Answer:

1. Jowar is the poor man’s food.
2. It is the third most important food crop ranking next to rice and wheat in both area and production.
3. It is a rainfed crop mostly grown in moist areas which hardly need irrigation.
4. Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar, followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Madhya Pradesh.
5. Only half of the jowar crop area is being cultivated with High Yielding Varieties seeds.
6. As it does not need irrigation, use of HYVs can be increased, thus we should give attention to increase the yield of jowar.

(OR)

1. Jowar is a highly nutritious food.
2. To increase the availability of food grains, and food security.
3. Not necessary to use of pesticides, fertilizers and insecticides.
4. Even though where the water availability is very low this crop is also suitable.
5. Jowar has more demand in the market.

Question 5.
What factors have contributed to the high growth of paddy and wheat yields over a long period?
Answer:

1. Many factors have contributed to the growth of paddy and wheat yields over the long period.
2. The rice and wheat are cultivated in India by intensive and unscientific application of chemical fertilizers and insecticides have led to the continuous increase in the yield levels.
3. Development of a dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells helped the growth in yieds of rice and wheat.
4. The use of High Yielding Varieties of seeds under Green Revolution helped the growth in yields of rice and wheat.
5. They provide for larger amounts of grains as the stalks are short and a short period of maturity of the crop in most cases.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 148

Question 6.
Complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 7.
Based on your calculations, fill in the blanks:
The per person availability of food grains _____ (increased/decreased) between 1971 and 1991 but was _____ lower/higher) in 2011. This happened despite shown in population growth in recent decades. In the future, the government must ensure higher availability through _____.
Answer:
The per person availability of food grains increased between 1971 and 1991 but was lower in 2011. This happened despite slowdown in population growth in the recent decades. In future, the government must ensure higher availability through selling from its existing stocks.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 150

Question 8.
Underline words and sentences that deal with agricultural diversification and explain why are these essential for Indian farmers.
Answer:
Water development – technology – cash crops – vegetables – dairying – best pulse seeds – second crop – yields – a plan and government effort.

• The bank gave credit to them for water development.
• The technology is fairly good.
• They take more money from cash crops and it is vegetables all the way.
• A great thing that happened on the way was dairying.
• Farmers know the best pulse seeds come from Maharashtra.
• The second crop, if any, depending on the rains.
• Yields are low.
• Without a plan and government effort it would be a cruel joke to talk about diversification to them.

Question 9.
Write a description about agricultural diversification for your own village or any village that you know about.
Answer:
Velpur has most of the lands with black cotton soils. There are a few rainfed streams for irrigation water. Rice is cultivated as the primary crop. Cotton is cultivated as the second crop. The seeds for these crops are collected from corporate seed companies. Most of the villagers own few buffaloes. They are much interested in dairying. Some part of the land is used to keep grass which is to be used as the fodder to the cattle.
When there was a shortage of rainfall, the crops are damaged and they do not yield good crop. Along with cotton, chillies are also grown in large scale. People are taking up the works of agriculture with much of the usage of technology. A proper plan from the government and its efforts are enabling this village to experience the agricultural diversification.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 151

Question 10.
Recall the discussion on Public Distribution System in Class VIII. How is PDS related to food security of the people in the country ?
Answer:

1. PDS has played a crucial role in reaching food to everyone both in the rural and urban areas.
2. Around 1997, government decided that ration shops should cater mainly to the poor.
3. Governments buy foodgrains from farmers and supply these to the ration shops.
4. Ration shops keep stocks of foodgrains and these items are then sold to people.
5. Prices at the ration shops are meant to be lower than the prices in the market.
6. The government is trying to provide food to all.
7. The government stakes a lot of amount in purchasing food from farmers and wholesalers and selling them at subsidised prices.
8. Thus, PDS is thriving for food security of the people in the country.

Question 11.
Observe the following graph and fill in the blanks.
Percentage Share of Purchases from PDS, rice and wheat, 2009-10.

(a) Fill in the blanks.
For all India, —— percent of peoples’ total consumption of rice and —— percent of peoples total consumption of wheat are purchased from the ration shops. This shows that people have to buy most of their foodgrain requirements from ——. However, there are several well-performing states like —— and ——. And some states like ——, ——, —— where PDS hardly seems to be fulfilling peoples’ needs for food grains.
Answer:
For all India, 39 percent of peoples’ total consumption of rice and 28 percent of people’s consumption of wheat are purchased from the ration shops. This shows that people have to buy most of their food grain requirements from market. However, there are several well-performing states like Tamil Nadu and combined Andhra Pradesh. And some states like Bihar, Rajasthan and Punjab where PDS hardly seems to be fulfilling peoples’ needs for food- grains.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 155

Question 12.
How can an effective Anganwadi center deal with such a situation for a locality? Discuss.
Answer:

1. Out of 7000 children, in the age group of 1 – 5 years, examined in the survey of NIN (National Institute of Nutrition) from many states in the country, 45% of children are underweight.
2. Their weight was less than what is expected by normal standards.
3. These children are in fact hungry and not getting adequate food.
4. Unless they are severely underweight it may not be easily visible or identifiable.
5. In such circumstances an effective anganwadi center in such locality would provide the children nutritious food.
6. Its teachers are supposed to go to every household where children are present and supply them this food.
7. Make their parents to know about the losses of sustained underweight of children and educate them to provide their children with nutritious food.

Question 13.
What overall conclusions can you draw from these statistics? Write a paragraph.

Answer:
When weight is plotted against age nearly 45% of children in the country are under weight. It means that they cannot study, work or perform physical activities. They do not grow as quickly as healthy children. Their immune system is weakened. When height is plotted against age 41% of children not up to the height they have to be. It seems their growth is affected and short for their age. They are difficult to cover this. When weight is plotted against height 21% children are not with weight they are supposed to be. With sufficient food they can cover this up.

Project work

Read the following poem, Aai. Can you write a poem relating to any aspect of food security?

Answer:
Some Quotes on Food Security:

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 8th Lesson People and Migration Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 8th Lesson People and Migration

10th Class Social Studies 8th Lesson People and Migration Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Draw a table with the following items and summarise various examples in the context of migrant labourers.

1. Migrant labour
2. Reasons for the migration
3. Living standards of the migrants
4. Economic impact on their lives
5. Economic impact on the lives of people from where they migrated.

Answer:

Question 2.
Compare and contrast the migration from rural to urban areas and rural to rural areas.
Answer:

Migration from Rural to Urban Area	Migration from Rural to Rural Area
People migrate due to insufficient employment.	People migrate seasonally when there is a lot of work.
Hope for higher incomes, better services, more opportunities for family members.	Most tribal and low caste people migrate.
Work as labourers and in unorga­nised sectors.	They are not skilled.
Work in industries and service activities.	They work for meagre wages.
Greater freedom and less discri­mination based on caste and gender.	They live in poor conditions of living.
Remittance supplement family income.	They find employment in sugarcane cutting, rice production activities, mining, tea plantations, fish processing etc.

Question 3.
Which of the following could be considered as seasonal migration? Why?

1. Women moving from their parents’ house to husband’s house due to marriage
2. Turmeric harvesters moving from one district to another district in Tamil Nadu for three months in a year
3. Cycle rickshaw pullers in Delhi coming from rural parts of Bihar for six months a year
4. Women from Nalgonda district come to work as domestic maids in Hyderabad

Answer:

1. This could not be considered as a seasonal migration. In accordance with our social norms wife is supposed to live permanently in the house of her husband.
2. This could be considered as a seasonal migration. Because duration of the season is three months, which is below the 6 months norm.
3. This could be considered as a seasonal migration as it is not more than 6 months and the migration is done every year.
4. This could not be considered as seasonal migration as the domestic maids need to serve
   throughout the year.

Question 4.
Do you think migrants are trouble makers/trouble shooters in their destinations? Justify your answer.
Answer:

1. I think migrants are trouble shooters.
2. In almost all examples from our lesson, migrants served the purpose.
3. They were nowhere trouble makers.
4. But for them, most works cannot be easily completed.
5. Though they lived in inhumane conditions, they worked hard.
6. Apart from these, they eke out a living.

Question 5.
The following are migrants of different types. Classify th into internal and international migrants.
a) People going from India to Saudi Arabia to work as technicians
b) Agricultural labourers going from Bihar to Punjab
c) Brick workers going from Odisha to Andhra Pradesh
d) Teachers going from China to India to teach Chinese to Indian children
Answer:

Question 6.
‘Most children of migrant families become dropouts.’ Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer.

Answer:

1. Most children of migrant families become dropouts.
2. I do agree with this statement.
3. Children accompanying their parents do not have creche facilities.
4. Grown-up children are not able to continue their studies at their parents’ new work places.
5. Schools in their native place refuse to take them again when they come back.
6. They finally become dropouts.
7. Young girls in such families are required to take care of siblings and many of them become dropouts.

Question 7.
How does rural to urban migration increase the purchasing power of people in rural areas?
(OR)
How does migration affect the purchasing power of people?
Answer:

1. Rural to urban migration increases the purchasing power of people in rural areas.
2. Remittances are an important means of supplementing or generating additional income for the rural families.
3. Migration allows households to meet debt and other obligations without having to sell assets.
4. The majority of migrants either remit or bring back savings.
5. Migrant families buy house, land, agricultural machinery and consumer durables.
6. Thus, their purchasing power increases.

Question 8.
Why are only professionals able to go to developed countries? Why cannot unskilled workers migrate to these countries?
Answer:

1. Professionals are able to go to developed countries.
2. Unskilled workers cannot migrate to these countries.
3. Developed countries depend a lot on industries and service sector.
4. They require people with technical skills and professionals.
5. So, the unskilled workers cannot serve the purpose.
6. Thus, there is no scope for unskilled workers to migrate to developed countries.

Question 9.
Why are only unskilled workers from India wanted in West Asian countries?
Answer:

1. Only unskilled workers from India are wanted in West Asian countries.
2. Semi-skilled workers also migrate to these countries.
3. They are oil-exporting countries.
4. They employ workers on contract basis.
5. They empldy workers on large scale with lower wages.
6. They do not nekL^technically skilled or professionals for these jobs.
7. Besides, the need to pay handsome perks and emoluments.
8. Thus, only unskilled workers are wanted in West Asian countries.

Question 10.
Why are workers from three states able to go to a considerable extent to work in West Asia?
Answer:

1. Unskilled and semi-skilled workers migrate to West Asian countries.
2. Nearly three fifths of workers going to West Asia are from Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
3. A considerable section of these are engaged in construction projects, maintenance services, transport and telecommunications.
4. Most work in oil exporting work.
5. Nearly 30-40 years back many people from these three states went there.
6. They are using the contacts and network in West Asia and making to migrate others from their birth places.

Question 11.
Describe the similarities and differences between the impacts of internal and international migration.
Answer:
People generally migrate to improve their standard of living. Sometimes it is internal and sometimes internationals. The differences are:

Internal Migration	International Migration
1) Due to insufficient employment, inadequate income, with hope of higher incomes, better services people migrate.	1) People with technical skills and professional expertise have migrated to developed countries.
2) Work as hawkers, painters, mechanics, rickshaw pullers, const­ruction labour etc.	2) Unskilled and semi-skilled workers migrate to oil exporting countries of the West Asia.
3) Engage in industry and service activities.	3) These are engaged in construction projects, maintenance services, transport and telecommunications.
4) Remittances are important to families.	4) Families are able to pay back loans, buy assets and standard of life improves.
5) They supplement and generate additional incomes.	5) Kerala has recorded a stupendous growth in remittances from other countries.
6) These people retain economic ties in rural areas.
7) Family decides member to migrate or not.

10th Class Social Studies 8th Lesson People and Migration InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 102

Question 1.
Draw a sketch map showing Kurnool district along with Nandyala town. Mark arrow lines linking the names listed in the case study.
Answer:

Question 2.
Here is a list of a few people. Categorise them as migrant or non-migrant. Indicate the pattern and guess the probable reasons for migration.
Answer:

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 103

Question 3.
Read the following table and complete the required information.
Answer:

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 105

Question 4.
In the following map, what are the states from which migrant come to Delhi ?
Answer:
From Bihar, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, migrants come to Delhi

Question 5.
In the following map, form which states do the people migrate to Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka?
Answer:

1. From Karnataka, migrants come to Andhra Pradesh.
2. There is no migration from other states to Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Question 6.
In the following map, look at Tamil Nadu, what could be the reasons for out-migration and in-migration?
Answer:

1. People migrate to Tamil Nadu to acquire new skills, to find new jobs, to find job in the film industry and to earn a better salary.
2. People migrate from Tamil Nadu to Kerala in the tourism industry.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 106

Question 7.
Interview a person who has come to a town to work in the unorganized sector as a labourer or domestic servant and write her story (see the case study of Ramaiah).
Answer:
Seethamma – a domestic helper in Bengaluru.
I hail from Pedavadlapudi village, Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District. I am 56 years old. We have two male children. Both of them are married off. My husband used to pull rickshaw. But his untimely death, a few years ago made my life miserable. We have some debts to be repaid.
A woman of acquaintance introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. Rao. Both of them are software professionals. They hail from our village and are working in Bengaluru. They were married two years back. Recently Mrs. Rao gave birth to a male child. As they couldn’t afford to foster him in time, I was asked to take care of the child and work as a domestic helper.
They cleared our debts in advance and deduct them from my wage. I go to my place for some festivals.

Question 8.
If you live in a rural area, interview a person who has come on a vacation from working in a town in the unorganized sector, write his story (see the case study of Ramaiah).
Answer:
Suresh – a salesman in a readymade shop.
I was a resident of Pedakonduru village of Duggirala Mandal in Guntur District. I studied up to 5th class in Pedakonduru elementary school and later up to 10th class in Pedapalem, a 2 km journey upwards. Later I could not continue my studies.
Later I went to Vijayawada, a 17 km distant city in nearby district Krishna. I joined ‘Step-n- Style’ a readymade garment shop at Patamata in Vijayawada. Except salary they do not provide me with any other facility. It is the work under unorganized sector. Our shop works 7 days a week. Each one is allowed to take a weekly off on a different day of the week.
I have been working there for the last 17 years. I had pleasure working there for that much time. At times, we aren’t even given off on festival days. Most of the customers are of friendly nature and we don’t usually have any tensions.

Question 9.
Compare and contrast these two situations.
Answer:

• Both of them do not work in any organised sector.
• Both of them are paid low.
• Both of them are denied of good health and family care programmes.
• Domestic helper’s life took different turn after facing many difficulties.
• Salesman was unable to get well educated.
• He was contented and did not attempt to improve his education.
• Both of them work in different working conditions.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 107

Question 10.
Why are contacts and networks essential for getting jobs in urban areas?
Answer:

1. Contacts and networks are crucial for getting jobs in urban areas.
2. Migration is the survival strategy for many families.
3. Villagers pre-arrange their jobs from rural areas.
4. They come to urban areas through their contacts or networks.
5. Migrants also pass on the urban opportunities to the rural masses.
6. So that potential migrants can engage in rural-based job research.

Question 11.
Calculate the total number of persons added to urban population for each period and percentage of each group. Write sentences for each bullet point.
Answer:

1. During 1961-71, there were 31 million (20 + 5 + 6) people added in the urban population. In terms of percentage, 65% increase was due to natural increase, 16% was due to expansion of urban areas and 19% was due to migration.
2. During 1971-81, there were 50 million people added in the urban population. In terms of percentage, 52% increase was due to natural increase, 28 was due to expansion of urban areas and 20 was due to migration.
3. During 1981-1991 there were 56 million people added in the urban population. In terms of percentage, 63% increase was due to natural increase, 14% was due to expansion of urban areas and 23% was due to migration.
4. During 1991-2001, there were 67 million people added in the urban population. In terms of percentage, 60% increase was due to natural increase, 19% was due to expansion of urban areas and 21% was due to migration.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 108

Question 12.
Observe the graph given on page 107 in Textbook and answer the following questions.
a) How would you construct a table to show the effect of migration for the entire period 1961 – 2011?
Answer:

b) When people move out of rural areas which sector of the economy in the rural area loses the most number of people? Why?
Answer:

1. When people move out of rural areas primary sector of economy in the rural area loses the most number of people.
2. Had they not been moved out of rural areas, they would have taken part in agriculture and allied activities.
3. So, primary sector is losing the most number of people.

c) In urban areas, what are the common sector(s) of the economy in which migrants from the rural areas find employment? What are the reasons for this?
Answer:

1. Most urban migrants find employment in the unorganised sector.
2. They work as hawkers, painters, mechanics, rickshaw pullers, construction labour etc.
3. They come to work in industries and other service activities.
4. They have opportunities for education and acquiring skills.
5. Urban areas also appear to offer greater freedom and somewhat less discrimination based on caste and gender.
6. They want to increase their income and they desire better family prospects.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 109

Question 13.
Why is there a shortage of sugarcane cutters in western Maharashtra ?
Answer:

1. There is a shortage of sugarcane cutters in western Maharashtra.
2. Maharashtra produces about 70 % of sugar in the country.
3. It has about 186 cooperative sugar factories.
4. Large scale sugarcane cultivation began here in the early 1970s after the Koina dam was built.
5. Sugarcane cutting requires a lot of workers.
6. It needed to be transported to mills at the earliest.
7. As many of the western Maharashtra farmers are growing sugarcane, there is a shortage of sugarcane cutters.
8. On the contrary, central Maharashtra, i.e., Vidharbha region is less cultivated, so there is scope of migration.

Question 14.
What would happen to children who come with their parents? Is it possible to bring these children to schools? Are there any provisions in the government laws for educating these children?
Answer:

1. The children who come with their parents are engaged in piling the canes that are cut and removed the leaves if they are of working age.
2. As their parents are living in bamboo huts, it is difficult for children to go to school.
3. It is a seasonal migration.
4. There is no provision of schools.
5. It is possible to bring these children to schools.
6. It requires a lot of care and interest on the part of the government.
7. There are provisions like setting up of Bridge schools and seasonal hostels for children of migrated parents.

Question 15.
Why are sugarcane cutters employed only for six months? What work might they do during the other six months of the year?
Answer:

1. Sugarcane cutters are employed only for six months.
2. Because the season ends with it.
3. Sugarcane cutters come there due to distress caused in rural areas.
4. They might do agricultural works or MNREGA works during the other six months of the year.

Question 16.
How could the living conditions of these workers be improved?
Answer:

1. They live in small conical huts.
2. They live together with animals in congested conditions.
3. They have to fight exhaustion all the time.
4. The living conditions of these workers have to be improved.
5. The owners of sugarcane cultivating lands, the government at the state and even local self governments should take initiative to develop their living conditions.
6. They should set up health clinics, make shift houses and schools, fix proper wages and work hours.
7. See that children are not engaged in work, but sent to schools.

Question 17.
The seven districts in western Maharashtra- Nasik, Ahmadnagar, Pune, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur and Sholapur – comprise the “sugar belt” which extends into Surat (Gujarat) in the north and Belgaum (Karnataka) in the south. Five districts of the arid Marathwada region – Beed, Jalgaon, Ahmadnagar, Nasik and Jalna – send out labour to this sugar belt for six months every year for sugarcane harvesting.
Draw arrow lines on a map showing districts of origin and destination of migrants.
Answer:

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 110

Question 18.
Describe an example of seasonal migration of your region.
Answer:

1. People from our region migrate to Guntur and other towns to work in tobacco barons.
2. With the gap in agricultural activities, many of the landless poor and even marginal farmers migrate there in search of employment.
3. Leaving the children with grandparents, they migrate to work in barons.
4. They bring back their savings.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 111

Question 19.
What can be done so that migrants are able to get food, health and family care programmes?
Answer:

1. Migrants should get good food, health and family care programmes.
2. It should be made possible for them to get food from fair price shops at their work places.
3. Make-shift hospitals with doctors and nurses are to be established at or near the work places.
4. Necessary care must be taken to prevent accidents in work places.
5. Unorganised sector workers are also to be provided with access to various health and family care programmes.

Question 20.
There are some initiatives taken by government and voluntary agencies. Find out if there is any such initiative in your area. Invite some persons from such agencies for a talk in the school.
Answer:
Self Activity.

Question 21.
National boundaries are protected against migrants. Here are examples of
a) USA on Mexican border
b) South Korea on North Korean border
c) India on Bangladesh border.
What do you think of migrants across the border?
Answer:
In the above figures the national boundaries of Mexico – the USA, South Korea – North Korea and India – Bangladesh are shown. It is common to arrange a fence between two countries along the border. The soldiers belonging to both the countries always safeguard the borders. But, due to many reasons different people try to cross the borders and enter the neighbouring countries. Some among them are terrorists who resort to violence and destruction in their enemy countries. They are induced and inspired by respective countries. They are called state sponsored terrorists.

In terms of employment and infrastructure, America is more attractive than Mexico. That is the reason why some people enter that country in illegal ways. Both South Korean and North Korean governments have different doctrines. One is communist whereas the other is capitalist. Those who differ with other countries’ doctrines try to cross the borders and go from one country to other for the sake of spying.

In Bangladesh, the rule has been dictatorial and the life of people there has been pathetic for ages. So some people of that country cross the border and enter the democratic country India. The states such as Paschim Banga and Assam are facing a grave problem with these people.

It’s a crime to cross the borders in an illegal way. And these people become a problem to the country they enter.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 112

Question 22.
Draw arrow lines on a World Map depicting people from India going to different countries mentioned in the above passages.

1. USA
2. Canada
3. United Kingdom
4. Australia
5. Germany
6. Norway
7. Japan
8. Malaysia
9. Saudi Arabia
10. UAE

Answer:

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 15th Lesson National Liberation Movements in the Colonies Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 15th Lesson National Liberation Movements in the Colonies

10th Class Social Studies 15th Lesson National Liberation Movements in the Colonies Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Match the following.

Answer:
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B

Question 2.
Trace the changes in the role of women seen in China over the decades. Why is it similar or different from that of the USSR and Germany?
Answer:

1. Long back Chinese women were forced to follow the practice of footbinding, they were subordinated and sufferers, of polygamy.
2. They were not allowed the public life.
3. Till 1940s they were confined to household.
4. Mao supported the emergence of rural women’s associations, stopped purchase or sale of marriage contracts.
5. After New Democracy women got protective rights and polygamy was abolished.
6. It is similar to women of the USSR who were provided with rights after revolution.
7. In Germany no such provisions were there till the end of Second World War.

Question 3.
After the overthrow of monarchy, China had two different types of regimes. How were they similar or different? (Or) Trace out the political conditions in China after throwing over monarchy.
Answer:
After the overthrow of monarchy, China had two types of regimes. The Guomindang (The National People’s Party) under Chaiang Kai-shek and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under Mao Zedong.
Similarities:

1. Both the parties wanted to unite the country and bring stability.
2. Both spread education by starting schools.

Differences:

Question 4.
Countries discussed in the above chapter were all mostly dependent on agriculture. What were the measures taken in these countries to change these practices?
Answer:

1. In China, the major steps were a class identification of all villagers, followed by the confiscation and redistribution of land lord and other productive property.
2. In Vietnam, French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta to increase cultivation. The vast system of irrigation works, canals and earth works built with forced labour increased rice production.
3. In Nigeria, the British developed trade in agricultural produce i.e., palm oil and cocoa.

Question 5.
Who owned industries in countries discussed above and what policies were brought in to change the systems? Make a table to compare them.
Answer:

Question 6.
Compare the national movement in India and Nigeria – can you explain why it was stronger in india?
Answer:
Comparison:

Explanation:

1. Compared to National Movement in Nigeria, that in India was stronger.
2. Social reformers in India and educated youth brought in the changes.
3. The introduction of newspapers and political organizations were started nearly 100 years before Independence.
4. Most classes of society included in the National Movement, thus it was stronger.
5. Whereas in Nigeria political parties and youth movements were only 30 to 40 years old.
6. Their nationalism plagued by ethnic conflict between the Yoruba and Igbos.

Question 7.
What are the challenges faced by the independent Nigerian nation? In what ways is it similar or different from the challenges faced by independent India?
Answer:

1. Nigeria became Independent on October 1st, 1963.
2. Unfortunately a just and balance democracy could not be worked out there.
3. Soon it slipped into civil war and military rule resulted in domination of the North.
4. Corruption and suppression of human rights went hand in hand.
5. The multinational oil corporations funded the military rulers and still facing challenges of building a democratic nation.
6. On the other hand, India successfully functioning as the world’s biggest democracy.

Question 8.
Unlike Vietnam or India, Nigeria did not have to struggle so hard for freedom. Can you find some explanations for this?
Answer:

1. Vietnam had paid great loss in the freedom struggle.
2. Vietnam also faced a war with the USA in the struggle.
3. India also paid great loss in the freedom struggle.
4. Indians fought against the British to get freedom.
5. In Nigeria a section of western-educated intellectuals developed the idea of a common Nigerian nation and began to fight the British rule.
6. Nigerian nationalism grew in popularity.
7. By that time England has granted independence to many countries and unable to maintain colonies.
8. Considering the wave of nationalism, the British decided to hand over power to Nigerians.

Question 9.
What role did schooling play in national movement of the countries discussed above?
Answer:

1. Both the influencial personalities in China Sun and Mao were well educated.
2. Post New Democracy era Chinese universalised education.
3. In Vietnam students fought against the colonial government through newspapers and political parties.
4. Ho Chi Minh was also well educated.
5. The role of students and educated youth is invaluable in Nigerian liberation movement.

Question 10.
Freedom struggle in these countries involved wars against the rulers. Briefly describe its impact.
Answer:

1. China was attacked and occupied by Japan between 1937 and 1945.
2. Both Guomindang and CCP tried to join forces to fight Japan.
3. After Japan’s surrender to US, both CCP and Guomindang engaged in war with each other.
4. CCP became ruler in main land of China and Guomindang set up government in Taiwan.
5. Vietnam waged 8 year long war with France and got independence but was divided.
6. North Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh was again attacked by US and war lasted 7 long years.
7. Finally a peace agreement was made and Vietnam was united.
8. Nigerian organisations, Nigerian soldiers tried to fight with the British.
9. Considering the wave of nationalism, the British decided to handover power to Nigerians.

10th Class Social Studies 15th Lesson National Liberation Movements in the Colonies InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 202

Question 1.
Observe the following map and answer the given questions.

(a) Identify one Asian and one African colony of Britain.
Answer:
India is the Asian and Nigeria is the African colony of Britain.

(b) Identify one Asian and one African colony of Holland.
Answer:
Indonesia is the Asian and Western Sahara is the African colony of Holland.

(c) Identify one Asian and one African colony of France.
Answer:
Vietnam is the Asian, Algeria is the African colony of France.

(d) Identify two Asian and one African country that was not colony of any power.
Answer:
China and Russia are the Asian and Ithiopia is the African country which was not a colony of any power.

(e) Whose colony was Australia?
Answer:
Australia was the colony of the British.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 203

Question 2.
Recall/ Revisit Class IX textbook as to what constitutes the idea of Nationalism and how it emerged.
Answer:
The idea of nationalism constitutes to develop a sense of common identity and shared history and descent.
Nationalism emerged due to

1. Oppressive rule of the colonial rulers.
2. Liberal ideas spread by philosophers and leaders.
3. Culture, art, pointing, poetry etc. also helped to express nationalist feelings.

Question 3.
If the traditional rulers of these countries had fought for freedom, what kind of political systems would have been created?
Answer:
If the traditional rulers of these countries had fought for freedom, monarchial kind of political systems would have been created.

Question 4.
In colonies which social groups have fought for freedom? And why were the ideas of equality and democracy important to them?
Answer:

1. In colonies mostly educated and the youth fought for freedom.
2. Apart from them peasants and at times, women also fought for freedom.
3. There was support from soldiers for these liberation wars.
4. Most commonly, all the above fought under the leadership of powerful leaders who envisaged the independence of their colonies.
5. The idea of equality and democracy is important for them as their old emperors are military rulers who did not give them freedom and equality.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 204

Question 5.
Why do you think young” Chinese wanted to fight both against old traditional practices and against foreign powers?
Answer:

1. Young Chinese wanted to fight both against old traditional practices and against foreign powers.
2. The old traditional Chinese language and script are very complex, the practice of foot binding is against the dignity of women.
3. There is the subordination of women and no equality in marriage, and poverty is more prevalent.
4. Despite being an ally of the victorious side led by England, China did not get back the territories seized from it by Japan.
5. So they tried to attack old tradition.
6. Revolutionaries called for driving out the foreigners, who were controlling the country’s resources.
7. So they wanted to be against the foreign powers.

Question 6.
Did something similar happen in India?
Answer:

1. Yes. Something similar happened in India.
2. Indians resented the old practices like Sati, Polygamy, Untouchabilities, Child Marriages, encouraged widow remarriages and girl child education, etc.
3. Many peasant movements, socio religious movements were conducted.
4. People resented the British rule.
5. They wanted to drive the British away.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 205

Question 7.
What were the major political parties that emerged during the period? (In China)
Answer:

1. After the republican revolution in 1911 the country entered a period of turmoil.
2. The Guomindang (the National People’s party also called KMT – Kuo Ming Tong) and the Chinese Communist Party are the two major political parties emerged during the period.

Question 8.
Who were the members of such mobilisation? (In China)
Answer:
Peasants, labourers, women and students.

Question 9.
What was the nature of their social and economic changes that were thought of?
Answer:

1. Mao Zedong was for the abolition of land-lordism and built army with peasants.
2. Through confiscation of land of the landlords, he distributed the land among peasants.
3. He supported the rural women’s associations, stopped purchase and sale of marriage contracts.
4. He fought foreign imperialism.
5. Achieved universalisation of elementary education was achieved in initial years.
6. Freedom and equality.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 207

Question 10.
In what ways did the land reform programmes help CCP win the war?
Answer:

1. It is generally agreed upon by the scholars that the successful carrying out of the land reforms and universalisation of education achieved in the initial years of the revolution formed a solid basis for the future development of China.
2. The CCP gradually established a single party rule in which the supreme leaders or Chairman was all powerful.
3. All opposition activities were disallowed.

Question 11.
Compare the land reforms carried out in China with that of India. What were the similarities and differences between them?
Answer:
Land Reforms carried out in India:

1. In India Zamindari and Mahalwari systems were abolished and the Ryotwari system was introduced.
2. Land Ceiling Act was implemented and the distribution of surplus land to the poor was taken.

Land Reforms carried out in China:

1. Identify the all village inhabitants.
2. Confiscation of all village lands and redistribution of land lord’s land and other productive property.

Similarities:

1. The land was distributed among the poor peasants in all the cases.

Differences:

1. Unlike India, in China it was done with force and incurred human loss but in India we see very rare occasions of deaths of land lords.

Question 12.
Do you agree with the view that equal participation of men and women and equal opportunity for them is necessary for freedom and development of the country?
Answer:

1. I agree with it. Equal participation of men and women is necessary for freedom and development of the country.
2. And availability of equal opportunity to both men and women is necessary for freedom and development of the country.
3. That is why our Constitution promised these equal rights and opportunities to men and women.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 209

Question 13.
Why were the railways and canals developed in Vietnam by the French?
Answer:

1. The French were keen to develop Vietnam as an exporter of rice.
2. For this purpose they made a three fold strategy.
3. That includes improving irrigation network, encouraging landlords and encouraging marketing of agricultural produce like rice and rubber.
4. Thus, French started building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta.
5. It was followed by infrastructure projects to help transport like roads and railways.

Question 14.
What was the difference between a landless peasant and landless workers?
Answer:

1. There was difference between a landless peasant and landless workers.
2. Landless peasants practice only cultivation either taking land on rent or attending the agricultural works or both of them.
3. On the other hand landless workers do not practice cultivation.
4. They only attend to agricultural work or in absence of these they will search for another employment or settle in activities other than agriculture.

Question 15.
You read about the condition of peasants in the British rule in India, in what ways was it similar to that of Vietnam ?
Answer:

1. The condition of peasants in the British rule was miserable.
2. They were under the burden of heavy taxation and no exemption of taxes during crop failures and natural calamities etc.
3. In Vietnam also the peasants who rented the land of landlords had to pay rent in both share of produce and also by working on the fields of them.
4. They need to pay different taxes imposed at the will of landlords.
5. These forced them to debt bondage.

Question 16.
Try to remember the policies followed by the British in India. Compare the colonial policies followed by the British in India and the French in Vietnam. What similarities and differences do you find between them?
Answer:

1. The colonial policies of both the British and the French were the same.
2. Both of them provided irrigation water by digging canals and that provision of transport systems like roads and railways.
3. They administered the colonies.
4. All these expenses were charged from the revenue of the country.
5. These sums were taken to their native countries.
6. Vietnam was encouraged to cultivate rice by the French whereas the British forced for the cultivation of indigo, opium and jute.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 210

Question 17.
Why did the fall in price rice lead to the rise of rural indebtedness?
Answer:

1. Vietnam was the third largest exporter of rice in the world.
2. It is also one of the largest exporters of rubber.
3. The great depression of 1930s had a profound impact on Vietnam.
4. The prices of rice and rubber fell, leading to rising rural debts, unemployment.
5. As the rural peasants invest most on rice and rubber, the fall prices hurt their revenue.

Question 18.
The youth and students played an important role in the emergence of nationalism in both Vietnam and China. Discuss the similarities and differences between them.
Answer:
Differences:

Similarities:

1. Both fought against colonial government’s efforts.
2. Both were inspired by patriotic feelings and the conviction that it was the duty of the educated to fight for the benefit of society.
3. Both were forming various political parties.
4. Both published nationalist journals.

Question 19.
Why do you think land rent reduction was one of the first steps taken by the independent government in Vietnam ?
Answer:

1. The first step taken by the independent government in Vietnam was the reduction of land rents.
2. Earlier most of the lands were under the control of landlords.
3. They kept the land rents not only high but also imposed other taxes at will.
4. So, the new government reduced the land rents.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 211

Question 20.
What would have been the impact of such land reform on Vietnamese society? Discuss from the point of view of various social classes in the rural areas.
Answer:
From the point of view of landowners: It was a great damage to their earnings.
From the point of view of landless peasants: It was a great relief for them.
From the point of view of landless workers: It would create them some opportunity of work.

Question 21.
Compare the nature of land reforms in China, Vietnam and India.
Answer:

1. In India land reforms were conducted In a half-hearted manner.
2. Zamindars or landlords somehow managed to retain their lands.
3. In China land reforms were organised in a radical manner.
4. Most of the landless peasants were benefited.
5. In Vietnam they gave priority to reduction in land rents.
6. Land distribution among the landless was organised in a soft manner.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 213

Question 22.
Do you think America was justified in using chemical weapons like Napalm and Agent Orange on civilian population and jungles ?
Answer:

1. I don’t think America was justified In using chemical weapons like Napalm and Agent Orange.
2. Their Intention to clear the jungles was it would be easier to kill people If there was no jungle cover.
3. They destroyed many villages and decimated jungles and civilians died in large numbers.
4. That did not deter the courages of the peasants and people of Vietnam.

Question 23.
How was it possible for a small country like Vietnam to stand up the might of the USA?
Answer:

1. There was great power of nationalism in people of Vietnam that they moved to action.
2. They were Inspired and sacrificed their home and family.
3. The USA underestimated the commitment of the lakhs of poor peasants.
4. These lakhs of poor peasants, who received recently land were with commitment to fight.
5. The land reforms played a most crucial role in defeating the mightiest army of the world.

Question 24.
What was the role of peace movement in the USA in the decision of the US government to withdraw from Vietnam ?
Answer:

1. Many were critical of the US government for getting involved in a war that they saw as indefensible.
2. The prolongation of war created strong reactions even within the US.
3. The wide spread questioning of government policy strengthened moves to negotiate an end to the war.
4. A peace settlement was signed in Paris in January 1974.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 215

Question 25.
Discuss how do you think the idea of Pan-Africanism is different from nationalism. Do you think the idea of nationalism is limiting?
Answer:

1. Pan-Africanism is an idea that promotes the unity of all African peoples irrespective of country or tribe.
2. It used not only to fight colonialism and racial discrimination.
3. Building unity among all inhabitant tribes based on principles of equality, social justice and human dignity.
4. On the other hand, the idea of nationalism constitutes to develop a sense of common identity and shared history and descent in one nation.
5. Comparatively Nationalism was limiting.

Question 26.
Colonial rule led to uneven development of regions in a century. In India too under the British coastal regions like Bengal, Madras and Bombay developed faster. Why do you think such uneven, development takes place?
Answer:

1. The colonial rule aimed at taking away raw material cheaply from colonies and selling away their finished products in colonies.
2. All colonial countries conducted sea trade.
3. So they obviously connected different regions of raw material availability and markets to finished goods with these port cities.
4. So the development was mostly concentrated in the port cities only.
5. Apart from this, most of their factors lived there and their fortifications also present there only.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 217

Question 27.
Most of the oil resources of Nigeria are in the South Eastern region. The Igbos think that they should get the maximum share of oil profits. They object to oil wealth being used for the development of the North. What do you think will be the proper and just solution to this problem?

1. Most of the oil resources of Nigeria are in South Eastern region.
2. The Igbos think that they should get the maximum share of oil profits.
3. They object to oil wealth being used for the development of the North.
4. The claim of the Igbos was not correct.
5. The natural resources belong to the entire nation.
6. Government should use the wealth from natural resources to develop all the regions of the country.
7. In case, the region with resources was backward, care must be taken to develop it.

 

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 14th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 14th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 2

10th Class Social Studies 14th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
Russian revolution brought in many changes in their society. What were they? And what challenges did they face?
Answer:

1. Russian socialist revolution happened in two phases in March 1917 and in November 1917.
2. They planned rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.
3. Thousands of large farmers resisted collective farms.
4. After initial period of decline agricultural production soon rose.
5. All industries were owned by state which sold products to the consumers directly.
6. The USSR achieved full employment for all its citizens and improved their standards of living.
7. It also managed to universalise literacy and primary education.

Challenges faced by them :

1. Rapid construction led to poor working conditions.
2. Low standard of living.
3. Unemployment.
4. Lack of educational facilities.
5. Lack of proper health care.

Question 2.
Compare different points of view about Great Depression, which one would you agree with? Why?
Answer:

1. The Great Depression lasted between 1929 to 1939.
2. It was triggered by decline in demand and fall of prices.
3. Maxist Economists argued that it was because of capitalism and can be got rid of only with socialism.
4. Economist JM Keynes argued state shall play a crucial role and intervene effectively.
5. During decline state shall invest and generate employment and help people to earn money and demand goods in market.
6. The countries like USA, England and Germany followed this way and stood successful in coming out of Great Depression.
7. I would agree with it as it is result oriented.

Question 3.
In what ways were Jews persecuted during the Nazi Germany? Do you think in every country some people are differentiated because of their identity?
Answer:

1. Jews were merely 0.75% of the population of Germany.
2. Nazi ideology depended on majoritarian principles.
3. To build the racial supremacy of Germans they committed mass extermination of minority communities.
4. They arbitrarily arrested Jews and put them in concentration camps.
5. Hitler blamed that Jews were the main cause of all problems.
6. He also said communism and capitalism were conspiracies of Jews.
7. In the holocaust the killed Jews were around 6 millions.
8. There may be instances in some countries where the people differentiated of their identities.

Question 4.
List the measures taken under idea of welfare state under Great Depression and explain how similar or different they are from that of the reforms that emerged under the USSR?
Answer:

1. Different measures were taken under the idea of welfare state.
2. These basically consisted of unemployment insurance and old age pension schemes.
3. Others are like sickness coverage, health schemes, child care, etc.
4. A certain basic minimum dignified life for all citizens was ensured by the state.
5. State took care of their most elementary needs like food, housing, health, child and old age care and education.
6. There are certain similarities between these and the USSR reforms like state providing employment to all and health care, education, etc.
7. More are different from that of the USSR like unemployment insurance, and old age pension schemes, etc.

Question 5.
What challenges were faced by Germany during Great Depression and how did Nazi rulers and Hitler make use of it?
Answer:

1. Before Great Depression the USA gave loans and rescheduled the payments of war damage till 1928.
2. But America deeply affected by Great Depression, So German economy was worst hit.
3. Workers lost jobs and were paid reduced wages.
4. Men hanged placards around their necks ‘saying’ willing to do anywork.
5. Youth took to criminal activities and there was total despair in society.
6. Salaried employees and pensioners saw their saving diminished when the currency lost its value. Middle class were alarmed as their savings were diminishing.
7. Peasantry was effected by fall in prices. Small businessmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered as their business got ruined. Women were unable to fill their children’s stomach.
8. All the above causes led to political instability.
9. In these situations Hitler promised employment for those looking work and a secure future for youth.
10. He promised to undo the injustice of the Versailles treaty and weedout all foreign influences.
11. Thus Nazi party’s vote share rose from 2.6% in 1928 to 37% in 1932, becoming the largest party.

Question 6.
What were the political changes brought under the Nazi rule? Often people argue that a single powerful leader can resolve the problems of a country. Based on the experiences narrated in the context of Nazi Germany how do you respond to this vision ?
(OR)
What were the policies implemented by the Nazis in Germany before the World War II?
Answer:

1. Hitler came to power and immediately tried to dismantle parliament and start autocratic rule.
2. Made arbitrary arrest of political opponents and put them in concentration camps.
3. On 3 March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed which empowered Hitler to sideline parliament and rule by decree.
4. All political parties and trade unions were banned except Nazi and its allies.
5. The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.
6. Special security forces like Gestopo were created.

My response:

1. If power is given to a single leader it leads to dictatorship, undemocratic, autocratic rule.
2. If creates horror, fear and finally leads to destruction as it happened to Hitler and Germany. So it is not good. Everyone needs freedom.

10th Class Social Studies 14th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 2 InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 190

Question 1.
Read the two views on the revolution in the countryside(The October Revolution and the Russian Countryside: Two Views). Imagine yourself to be a witness to the events. Write a short account from the standpoint of:

1. an owner of an estate
2. a small peasant
3. a journalist.

Answer:
1) Standpoint of an owner of estate:

1. The days after revolution were unbearable, because peasants who used to work in my estate land now revolted against me.
2. They came inside my house and looted everything from me and distributed among them.
3. My family had worked many years together to earn such huge property which this men took over-night.

2) Standpoint of a small peasant:
‘Long live revolution’. The time has come for the landless to own some land. There would be no landowner to press for heavy rents. No Feudal lord, now able to force to work under him.

3) Standpoint of a journalist:
What once all believed to be a miracle, now came into reality.
Peasant with a smile on his lips, anticipating what is in stores for him.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 192

Question 2.
Make a brief assessment of the Soviet experiment. How far was it successful in building a world based on equality, freedom and prosperity?
Answer:

1. Soviet Russia under Stalin experimented a planned development.
2. It opted for both rapid industrialisation and collectivisation of agriculture.
3. It was able to achieve full employment for all its citizens.
4. It was able to improve their standard of living substantially.
5. It also managed to, universalise literacy and elementary education.
6. It did not give ordinary liberty to the citizens and done away with the opposition.
7. It forced large scale execution of opposition leaders.
8. It brought prosperity among the society, but the freedom was not bestowed on them and doing away with any opposition was not the sign of equality.

Question 3.
Do you think it is justified to execute thousands of people for the sake of such experiments?
Answer:

1. I don’t think it is justified to execute thousands of people for the sake of such an experiment.
2. The USSR regime under Stalin experimented collectivisation of farming.
3. Thousands of large farmers renserved it and were imprisoned, depored and even put to death.
4. Ordinary democratic liberties were denied to the citizens.
5. They have done away with any opposition through the use of force including large scale execution of opposition leaders.
6. Rapid construction of economy led to poor working conditions, workers lived hard lives.
7. Many intellectuals and others horrified by the violent elimination of opposition and denial of multiparty democracy and freedom in the USSR.

Question 4.
What were the criticisms raised against communist system?
Answer:

1. There were many criticisms raised against communist system in the USSR.
2. There was a dictatorship in Russia.
3. The citizens were denied ordinary democratic liberties.
4. This was done through the use of force including large scale executions of opposition leaders.
5. Life of individual was completely controlled by the state.
6. Some economic policies of the government brought terrible misery to the people.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 194

Question 5.
imagine yourself to be a worker who lost job suddenly and has no employment for the next few years. Write an account of a day in your life in first person.
Answer:

1. I am Narendra Srivastav.
2. I had lost my job last year when there was a recession in the software industry.
3. I have been making efforts ever since I lost the job.
4. Many interviews I have attended but nothing was materialized.
5. With this unemployment financial problems are looming large at me.
6. Being unable to shy away from family responsibilities I was prepared to do any work.
7. Still acquiring any job is looking a herculean task.

Question 6.
Imagine yourself to be a farmer who finds that the price of his crop has fallen to less than half.
Write your reaction in three hundred words.
Answer:
As everyone made more profits in the crop of tomatoes last year, I decided to go ahead with it. But now I am repenting a lot. Before a month it was sold at Rs. 40 per kg and I believed that this rate may prevail. But due to the influx of tomatoes from the borders of Karnataka, now the rates were less than 10 Rs. per kg. This volatile change in the price of a crop is a matter of discontentment. There were demands overseen for a fair price for the crop. At times unable to get the amount of picking up of tomato and transporting to the market we left them like that on the farm. Sometimes we have dumped alongside the road when it was believed that it would not rise the transport charges to the Market.

We have been making a number of requests to the government to set up a minimum support price for the crop of tomatoes for years. But it was unheeded by the government. The input expenditure is mounting like a steep cliff with increases in the prices of fertilizers and pesticides and even the rates of agricultural labourers. But the outcome of the crop and the price at which it was sold were the concerns of sorrow.

We strongly recommend the government take appropriate action at the earliest possible time to bail out us from these difficult situations. We, the farming community should learn from our mistakes. We should adopt a scientific approach in selecting the crops to be grown, instead of running behind the crops which gave higher returns the previous year. I request everyone to our mite in non-repetition of this difficulty once we faced and strive for prosperous crop raising.

(OR)

My name is Perayya. I am a farmer in East Godavari district. Due to sufficient rainfall our fields are with good yield. This morning I read in the newspaper that the prices of our crops are suddenly fallen due to some economic reason. I am shocked by reading the news. I am planning to market my yield to repay my loans. But the news made me mad. For the last three years there are no rains and no crops. The loan amount in the Bank is increasing day by day. Now the things are going on like this. I have no other source. How can I come out of all these problems?

I request the government to take appropriate action at the earliest possible time to bail out the farmers like me from these difficult situations.

Question 7.
What aspects of the Welfare State do you find functioning in India today? (OR)
India is functioning as a welfare state in certain aspects. What are those aspects?
Answer:

1. India is providing the people a number of social security schemes.
2. It is providing old age pensions.
3. It is providing women and child care facilities.
4. It is providing health care facilities to the poor and downtrodden.
5. It is providing food security to people.
6. It is running housing schemes for rural and urban poor independently.
7. It is providing free and compulsory education for the children of 6 to 14 years age group.
8. It is striving to provide employment to abled persons.

Question 8.
Read the message “From Hitler’s speech” on text page no. 194 and answer the following question. Is Hitler promoting the idea of World conquest here? Do you think world should belong to those who have power and strength alone?
Answer:

1. Hitler is promoting the idea of world conquest here.
2. With courage in hearts people can conquer the earth.
3. Nation must be vigorous to conquer the world.
4. I don’t think that the world should belong to those who have power and strength alone.
5. All are universal human beings. One should respect the sovereignty of other.
6. Power and strength alone are not eternal.
7. World should belong to all who respect the right of others.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 195

Question 9.
Do you agree with the view that women should confine themselves to pain and suffering of bringing up the children?
Answer:

1. It is not fair that women should confine themselves to the pain and suffering of bringing up the children.
2. As children below certain age cannot do their works independently. So there should be parents ” or elders to assist them.
3. To make them learn the dos and donots, they should spare the time.
4. As a social norm, men are ekeing out a living, women are entrusted the responsibility of upkeep.
5. Now the time has changed women are taking up careers.
6. So mutual adjustment and understanding helps in the bringing up of the children.

Question 10.
Do you think men and women can participate equally in all aspects of life including child rearing and work in factories, offices, and fields ?
Answer:

1. We are living in a society customized to beliefs that men are the bread earners and women manage the family.
2. Though now we are making attempts to come out of this, it takes much time for the transformation.
3. As of now, we cannot say that both are participating equally.
4. The system of marriage and living together with family may not allow the men and women equal participation in all aspects of life including child rearing and work in factories, offices and fields.

(OR)

Yes, I think men and women can participate equally in all aspects of life. But one thing, should be remembered that women are physically weak when compared to men. Men are mentally weak when compared to women. Men and women can participate.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 197

Question 11.
Nazi ideology depended on majoritarian principles. Jews were merely 0.75 percent of the population in Germany. Apart from Jews others who opposed Nazi’s were also punished. How does the pastor capture this?
Answer:

1. Nazi ideology depend on majoritarian principles.
2. Jews and others who opposed Nazis were also punished.
3. The paster captured this in a very,dramatic manner.
4. He observed an absence of protest, an uncanny silence amongst ordinary Germans.
5. That is because Nazi empire committed brutal and organised crimes against people.
6. He satired that Nazi regime done away with communists, social democrats, trade unionists and Jews and finally when they came for him there was no one who could stand up for him.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 199

Question 12.
In what ways was the Second World War a logical outcome of Hitler’s ideology and economic policies?
Answer:

1. In many ways the Second World War was a logical outcome of Hitler’s ideology and economic policies.
2. He aimed at full production and full employment through a state-funded work-creation programme.
3. It produced German superhighways and the people’s car, Volkswagen.
4. This period saw an improvement of living standards of Germans.
5. He sought to reverse the country’s economic crisis by waging war against other nations.
6. Resources were to be accumulated through expansion of territory.
7. By 1939, he attacked Poland, which triggered off the Second World War.

Question 13.
Why do you think Hitler wanted to target Jews as the enemy of German people?
Answer:

1. There was a conflict between Christianity and Judaism and they were social, economic and sometimes political conflicts.
2. Hitler hated Jews for their race.
3. He believed that the Jews were not just the followers of an abhorrent religious doctrine, or that the Jews had grabbed too much economic influence, or even that they were too intrensive in politics or culture.

Question 14.
Find out more about “Holocaust” and “Auschwitz camps” and prepare a project report based on it.
Answer:

1. Holocaust (Holocaust: Ha-Shaoh’ in Hebrew) is persecution of Jews by Nazis.
2. It was taken place between 30 Jan 1933 to 8 May, 1945 in particular in Germany and in general world wide.
3. An estimated 6 million Jews were killed among them were 1.5 million children.
4. Along with Jews Nazis killed around 6 million Christians through out the world.
5. Nazis made the propaganda that Jews were their misfortune.
6. Nazis made them isolated from the society.
7. Nazis confined Jews of poland to Ghettos.
8. They were sent to concentration camps.

Auschwitz Camp:

1. Auschwitz was the place where Nazis had concentration camps and conducted the genocide.
2. It had 3 main camps and 45 satellite camps.
3. Auschwitz I was the camp where the prisoners of war from Poland were kept.
4. Auschwitz II camp was also called ‘Biskenau’ was the camp of Jews world wide.
5. Auschwitz III was a labour camp to staff an JG Farben Factory.
6. These camps were In operation during May 1940 to January 1945.
7. It is estimated that nearly 101 million people from all who opposed Nazis and others were brought to and tried and persecuted in these camps.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 200

Question 15.
Compare the experiences of the USSR and Germany after the First World War. What similarities and differences do you find between them?
Answer:
Similarities:

1. Both of them suffered heavy losses in the World War – I.
2. Both the empires were replaced by powerful dictatorial rulers i.e., Stalin in the USSR and Hitler in Germany.
3. Both of them tasted a steady progress.

Differences:

The USSR	Germany
1) The USSR adopted Socialism.	1) Germany embraced Nazism.
2) Centralized political power and denied civil rights.	2) Nazism adopted aggressive policies and racial supremacy increased.
3) Violently eliminated opposition and multiparty democracy.	3) Germans exterminated minorities and inflicted mass murder on innocents.
4) The USSR did not follow aggressive foreign policy.	4) Hitler followed an aggressive foreign policy.
5) After 2nd World War the USSR rose to the status of world super power.	5) Whereas Germany was divided into two countries.

Question 16.
The experience of war and depression gave rise to many new alternative models of national development -what were these and what were their limitations?
Answer:

1. The experience of war and depression gave rise to many new alternative models of national development.
2. Devising planned economy with Five Year Plans etc. and state to maintain a balance between demand and supply.
3. Idea of welfare state coming into prominence by providing food, housing, health, child and old age care and education.
4. Government aimed at full production and full employment through a state funded work creation Programme.
5. These models of development definitely have limitations like death of funds, dedication of bureaucracy, support from the political opposition, cooperation from the people, etc.

Project work
Discuss the images given on Text Page 201. Try to collect more images regarding this period.

Answer:
Students’ Activity

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 10th Lesson Globalisation Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 10th Lesson Globalisation

10th Class Social Studies 10th Lesson Globalisation Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
What were the reasons for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did it wish to remove these barriers?
Answer:

1. After Independence, it had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment.
2. Because to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition.
3. Industries were just coming up, with foreign competition, they may not survive.
4. Indian government levies tax on foreign goods.
5. And because of tax, prices of those goods become high.
6. Our goods will prosper.
7. Tax on imports is thus a barrier.
8. Around 1991, Indian government decided that the time had come for foreign competition.
9. It believed competition would improve our goods’ quality.
10. So it wished to remove these barriers.

Question 2.
How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?
Answer:

1. Flexibility in labour laws help companies to reduce the cost of labour for the company by negotiating the wages and other conditions.
2. Governments allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
3. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers flexibly.
4. That is for short periods when there is intense pressure of work.
5. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company.
6. Foreign companies are demanding further flexibility in labour laws.

Question 3.
What are the various ways in which MNCs set up or control the production in other countries?
Answer:

1. At times, MNCs set up production jointly with the local companies of other countries.
2. The local companies benefit with additional investments and technology of MNCs.
3. MNCs buy local companies and then to expand production.
4. MNCs with huge wealth can quite easily do so.
5. Large MNCs place orders with small producers.
6. They sell them under their brand.

Question 4.
Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment? What do you think should the developing countries demand in return?
Answer:

1. Developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their foreign trade and foreign investment.
2. As most of the MNCs are owned by these developed countries they can expand into developing countries.
3. With huge wealths greater than the budgets of many developing countries, they can influence the power.
4. They will see the decision of polity were made in their favour.
5. Companies from developing countries may not be competing with MNCs in technology and marketing.
6. MNCs can capture the entire marketing potential of developing countries.
7. This will result in decay of the economy of indigenous developing countries.
8. They should demand proper share for their indigenous industries in marketing in their countries and in developed countries.

Question 5.
“The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement.
Answer:

1. The impact of globalisation has not been uniform in India.
2. It is advantageous to well-off section in the urban areas.
3. They enjoy improved quality and lower prices of several products.
4. Industries like cellphones, automobiles, electronics, soft drinks, fast food or banking in urban areas are developed.
5. Several top Indian companies benefit from increased competition.
6. Some large Indian companies emerged as MNCs.
7. Wide opportunities for IT, data entry, accounting etc. fields.
8. Thousands of small producers closed their units and met losses.
9. Many employees lost their employment and workers saw their rights erode.

Question 6.
How has the liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the globalisation process?
Answer:

1. Liberalisation of trade and investment policies has helped the globalisation process.
2. It opened the gates for MNCs to set up and produce and market goods at cheap production costs.
3. It resulted in greater integration of production and markets across the country.
4. MNCs are playing a major role in the globalisation process.
5. More and more goods, services, investments and technology are moving between countries.
6. Most regions of the world are in closer contact with each other than a few decades back.

Question 7.
How does foreign trade lead to the integration of markets across countries? Explain with an example other than those given here.
Answer:

1. Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producer to reach beyond the domestic markets.
2. For the buyers, trade expands the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.
3. Foreign trade thus results in connecting the markets or integration of markets in different countries.
4. Walmart is an American retail market giant.
5. The UPA government at the centre accepted for foreign investment in the retail sector.
6. So, Walmart in collaboration with Bharati set up many retail outlets across the country.
7. There is a wide choice for Indian retail consumers.

Question 8.
Globalisation will continue in the future. Can you imagine what the world would be like twenty years from now? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:

1. Globalisation has started, thus, it will continue in the future.
2. From 20 years now, the world would be a better one.
3. The developed countries continue to expand their MNCs.
4. They will try to capture the market of developing countries.
5. The developing countries in turn, fight for a better deal.
6. Over a period of time, they develop their economy and demand better place along with developed countries.

(OR)

1. Globalisation has started, thus it will continue in the future:
2. After 20 years, the native companies have no capacity to compete with MNCs and they will close.
3. People also will attract to foreign goods.
4. In health and education also MNCs will enter. Even though in Indian Railways also MNCs will enter.
5. Totally, the Indian people lost their culture and tradition.

Question 9.
Supposing you find two people arguing: One is saying globalisation has hurt our country’s development. The other is telling, globalisation is helping India develop. How would you respond to these arguments?
Answer:

1. I would support the second person.
2. Globalisation is helping India develop.
3. It brought many opportunities in IT, call centres, data entry, insurance and banking etc.
4. Many Indian companies became MNCs and are earning huge profits.
5. Many other Indian companies benefited with additional investment and technology from MNCs worldwide.
6. MNCs developed land and infrastructural facilities here.
7. Thus, India is developing due to globalisation.

(OR)
The benefits of globalisation have been unevenly distributed. It has benefited well-off consumers and also producers with skill, education and huge wealth. Certain services, enabled with technology have expanded.
On the other hand, thousands of small producers and workers have seen their employment and worker’s rights erode. It explains to understand the two-sided nature of globalisation.

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks.
Indian buyers have a greater choice of goods than they did two decades back. This is closely associated with the process of —(i)—. Markets in India are selling goods produced in many other countries. This means there is increasing —(ii)— with other countries. Moreover, the rising number of brands that we see in the markets might be produced by MNCs in India.
MNCs are investing in India because —(iii)—. While consumers have more choices in the market, the effect of rising —(iv)— and —(v)— has meant greater —(vi)— among the producers.
Answer:
(i) globalisation;
(ii) foreign trade;
(iii) they have access to cheaper labour;
(iv) prices;
(v) standards;
(vi) competition

Question 11.
Match the following.

Answer:
(i) – b
(ii) – e
(iii) – d
(iv) – c
(v) – a

10th Class Social Studies 10th Lesson Globalisation InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 131

Question 1.
Choose any one single item like Mobile phones or vehicles; identify the number of Brands available in the market. Are they owned and manufactured in India or abroad? Discuss with your parents or other adults and find out how many such brands were available 30 years ago.
Answer:

1. There are many mobile phone brands available now in our country.
2. Few of them are owned by and manufactured in our country.
3. Whereas most of them are owned by other nations and manufactured either here or abroad.
4. Brands are like Samsung, Nokia, LG, Karbon, Zen, Apple, i Phone, Sony, Panasonic, Infinix are a few of them.
5. Apple and i Phone are American brands; Nokia from the Philippines; LG and Samsung are of South Korea; Panasonic from Japan; Karbon and Zen, etc. are from China and Infinix and such mobiles are from India.
6. 30 years ago no cellular or mobile phone was available in India.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 133

Question 2.
Would you say Ford Motors is an MNC? Why?
Answer:

1. I would say Ford Motors is an MNC.
2. It is one of the world’s largest automobile manufacturers with production spread over 26 countries.
3. It was selling 27,000 cars in Indian Market by 2004.
4. By the year 2004, 24,000 cars were exported from India to South Africa, Brazil and Mexico.

Question 3.
What is foreign investment? How much did Ford Motors invest in India?
Answer:

1. The money that MNCs spent to buy assets such as land, building, machines and other equipment is called foreign investment.
2. Ford motors came to India in 1995.
3. It spent Rs. 1700 crore to set up a large plant near Chennai.
4. This was done in collaboration with Mahindra and Mahindra, a major Indian manufacturer of jeeps and trucks.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 134

Question 4.
By setting up their production plants in India, MNCs such as Ford Motors tap the advantage not only of the large markets that countries such as India provide but also the lower costs of production. Explain the statement.
Answer:

1. MNCs such as Ford Motors tap the large markets in India by setting up their plants here.
2. They also lower their cost of production. i
3. It is estimated that 50%-60% money they have saved on production by producing in India.
4. As labour is cheap here, other resources are also cheap. So they are producing goods at lower cost.
5. Apart from this, they are provided with educated youth in employment for lesser wages compared to other countries.
6. As the population in India and China alone accounts to 30% of the world population and Forbes surveys show that numbers of millionaires are increasing in these countries.
7. So MNCs have concentrated on tapping the markets here.

Question 5.
Why do you think the company wants to develop India as a base for manufacturing car components for its global operations? Discuss the following factors :
(a) cost of labour and other resources in India
(b) the presence of several local manufacturers who supply auto parts to Ford Motors
(c) closeness to a large number of buyers in India and China
Answer:

1. The company Ford Motors wants to develop India a base for manufacturing car components for its global operations.
2. In India the cost of labour is cheap.
3. The costs of other resources is also cheap in India.
4. India thus provides the advantage of being a cheap manufacturing location.
5. Another reason is that in India the presence of several local manufacturers who supply auto parts to Ford Motors.
6. It is another reason that in India and China there is presence of buyers in large numbers.

Question 6.
In what ways will the production of cars by Ford Motors in India lead to interlinking of production?
Answer:
The company is making engines and body at its plant. It is processing other components from various suppliers which operate in India. Even designing some of the new models has been done in India. So India is providing a perfect base for all the operations related to productions of cars for the Ford Motor. Hence it can be said that proper interlinking of production is happening in India for this company.

Question 7.
In what ways is an MNC different from other companies?
Answer:

1. An MNC is a company that owns or controls production in more than one nation.
2. Other company owns and controls production in only one country.
3. MNCs set up offices and factories where they get cheap labour.
4. They try to earn more profits.
5. The production process of MNCs is divided into small parts and spread across the globe.
6. Other companies tend to produce at a single place.
7. MNCs are rich and sound in technology.
8. Other companies may not be rich that much and may not possess such sound technology.

Question 8.
Nearly all major multinationals are American, Japanese or European, such as Nike, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Honda, Nokia. Can you guess why?
Answer:

1. Nearly all major multinationals are American, Japanese or European.
2. Because they are developed countries and MNCs have wealth exceeding the entire budgets of developing countries.
3. Those countries force developing countries to liberalize their foreign trade.
4. They place orders with small producers and sell these under their brand.
5. They have tremendous power to determine price, quality, delivery, and labor conditions for those distant producers.

Question 9.
What was the main channel connecting countries in the past? How is it different now?
Answer:

1. For a long time trade has been the main channel of connecting countries.
2. India had trade routes to both East and West.
3. It is different now, as the channel of connecting countries is now foreign trade.
4. Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets.
5. For buyers, foreign trade expands the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.

Question 10.
Distinguish between foreign trade and foreign investment.
Answer:

Foreign Investment	Foreign Trade
1) The money that MNCs spent to buy assets such as land, building, machines and other equipment is ‘foreign investment’.	1) The foreign trade of a country consists of both exports and imports of goods and services.
2) It is made with the hope that it will earn profits.	2) Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets.
3) Local companies are joined by MNCs get investment and technology.	3) For buyers, foreign trade expands the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.
4) These have enormous wealth and exercise power.	4) It results in connecting the markets or integration of markets in different countries.

Question 11.
In recent years China has been importing steel from India. Explain how the import of steel by China will affect:
(a) steel companies in China.
(b) steel companies in India.
(c) industries buying steel for production of other industrial goods in China.
Answer:

1. In recent years China has been importing steel from India.
2. Steel companies in India strive to supply the best quality steel at possible cheaper rates.
3. They are able to expand their market.
4. They will compete with the steel companies in China and want to continue with exports.
5. On the other hand, Chinese steel companies try to compete with Indian steel companies.
6. They try to better the quality of steel and sell at cheaper prices.
7. There may be technological interchange.
8. The companies which produce other goods, but purchase steel from India, located in China try to make use of imported steel.
9. Thus, we could see varying impacts of this activity.

Question 12.
How will the import of steel from India into the Chinese markets lead to the integration of markets for steel in the two countries?
Answer:

1. In recent years China has been importing steel from India.
2. Indian cement producers found market outside our country.
3. Chinese have now got a choice of opting for cement produced beyond their state.
4. Thus it results in connecting the markets or integration of markets in these two countries.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 136

Question 13.
What is the role of MNCs in the globalisation process?
(OR)
How are multi-national companies promoting Globalisation? Explain.
Answer:

1. Multi-National Companies (MNCs) are looking for cheap locations for their production.
2. Foreign investment in developing countries has been raising.
3. A large part of the foreign trade is controlled by MNCs.
4. More and more goods and services, investments and technology are moving between countries.
5. MNCs, bring not only their products to a country but also the new business policies and cultures.
6. Most regions of the world are in closer contact with each other than a few decades back by MNCs. Thus, MNCs are playings major role in the globalisation process.
7. MNCs are helping in increasing competitiveness among native companies.
8. Latest models of vehicles in different countries are introduced by the MNCs in the globalisation process.

Question 14.
What are the various ways in which countries can be linked?
Answer:

1. There are various ways in which countries can be linked.
2. One is the flow of trade in goods as well as services.
3. The second is the flow of labour, i.e., the migration of people in search of employment.
4. The third is the movement of capital for short-term or long-term investments over long distances.
5. The fourth is ideas are also being shared and expanded.

Question 15.
Choose the correct option: Globalisation, by connecting countries, results in
(a) lesser competition among producers.
(b) greater competition among producers.
(c) no change in competition among producers.
Answer:
The correct option is (b). Globalisation, by connecting countries, results in greater competition among producers.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 137

Question 16.
In the following example, underline the words describing the use of technology in production.
Answer:
A news magazine published for London readers is to be designed and printed in Delhi. The text of the magazine is sent through Internet to the Delhi office. The designers in the Delhi office get instructions on how to design the magazine from the office in London using telecommunication facilities. The designing is done on a computer. After printing, the magazines are sent by air to London. Even the payment of money for designing and printing from a bank in London to a bank in Delhi is done instantly through the internet (e-banking).

Question 17.
How is information technology connected with globalisation? Would globalisation have‘been possible without the expansion of IT ?
Answer:

1. Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the globalisation process.
2. The developments in information technology are even more remarkable.
3. To contact one another around the world and to access information instantly telegraph, telephone including mobile phones, fax, etc. are used.
4. Computers have now entered almost every field of activity.
5. To share information and to know almost anything you want, Internet is useful.
6. So, globalisation would not have been possible without the expansion of Information Technology.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 138

Question 18.
What do you understand by the liberalisation of foreign trade?
Answer:

1. The Indian government, after independence, had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment.
2. This was necessary to protect from foreign competition.
3. Around 1991, the government decided that the time had come for foreign competition.
4. So, barriers on foreign trade were removed to a large extent.
5. Goods can be exported and imported easily.
6. Foreign companies could set up factories and offices here.
7. This removing of barriers set by the government is liberalisation.

(OR)
Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government on foreign trade and foreign investment is known as liberalisation of foreign trade.

Question 19.
Tax on imports is one type of trade barrier. The government could also place a limit on the number of goods that can be imported. This is known as quotas. Can you explain, using the example of Chinese toys, how quotas can be used as trade barriers? Do you think this should be used? Discuss.
Answer:

1. Quotas can be used as trade barriers.
2. They can restrict the influx of foreign goods which is helpful for the prosperity of same goods of our make.
3. I think this should be used, but to a considerable extent.
4. That allows our producers to compete with foreign producers.
5. The quality of goods can be improved and prices also to be brought down with competition.
6. If quotas were adopted with regard to Chinese toys, so many Indian toy-makers would not have perished.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 139

Question 20.
Fill in the blanks.
WTO was started at the initiative of —(i)— countries. The aim of the WTO is to —(ii)—. WTO establishes rules regarding —(iii)— for all countries, and sees that —(iv)— . In practice, trade between countries is not —(v)—. Developing countries like India have —(vi)—, whereas developed countries, in many cases, have continued to provide protection to their producers.
Answer:
(i) developed;
(ii) liberalise international trade;
(iii) international trade;
(iv) these rules are properly obeyed;
(v) fair;
(vi) removed trade barriers.

Question 21.
What do you think can be done so that trade between countries is fairer?
Answer:

1. Many decisions that affect large parts of the world are taken by institutions of global governance.
2. They believe that the same set of rules and regulations are followed by all countries.
3. But, in practice, developed countries are not abided by them and still forcing the developing countries to follow those rules.
4. To avoid this, the institutions of global governance shall see that all countries are in same plane.
5. The developing countries should come together to resist the inequality meted out to them by other countries.
6. Then only the trade between countries will be fairer.

Question 22.
In the given example on the left (For example, refer to textbook on P. 139 – The agriculture sector ——– and fair trade ?) we saw that the US government gives massive sums of money to farmers for production. At times, governments also give support to promote the production of certain types of goods, such as those which are environmentally friendly. Discuss whether these are fair or not.
Answer:

1. Governments give support to promote certain goods, if they are environmentally friendly.
2. It is fair on the part of government.
3. It encourages many people to purchase them which does not cause any harm to environment.
4. The producers of those goods, as they get support from the government, can withstand the initial troubles.
5. It inspires others to invent many more goods which are environmentally friendly.
6. It emulates other producers towards eco-friendly products.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 140

Question 23.
How has competition benefited people in India?
Answer:

1. The competition in globalisation has benefited people in India.
2. It has been of advantage to consumers.
3. The well-off sections in the urban areas have a greater choice.
4. They now enjoy the improved quality and lower prices for several products.
5. These people today enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier.

Question 24.
Should more Indian companies emerge as MNCs? How would it benefit the people in the country?
Answer:

1. Globalisation has enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals.
2. They are spreading their operations worldwide.
3. More Indian companies should emerge as MNCs.
4. A host of services like IT, data entry, accounting, administrative tasks, engineering are done cheaply and exported.
5. The people of the country would benefit from it.
6. They get quality goods and services at lower prices.

Question 25.
Why do governments try to attract more foreign investment?
Answer:

1. The central and state governments are trying to attract more foreign investment.
2. Because this investment boosts the infrastructural facilities in our country.
3. MNCs share with our companies the latest technology.
4. So governments are providing world-class facilities, tax exemptions, flexibility in labour laws etc. to attract more foreign investment.

Question 26.
Elsewhere we read what may be development for one may be destructive for others. The setting of SEZs has been opposed by some people in India. Find out who are these people and why are they opposing it.
Answer:

1. What may be development for one may be destructive for others.
2. The setting of Special Economic Zones has been opposed by some people.
3. SEZs need not pay taxes for first five years.
4. SEZs have labour laws flexible.
5. SEZs have world-class facilities.
6. People are against SEZs as many companies which set up SEZs are not functioning well.
7. They were provided exemptions at the expense of other companies.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 141

Question 27.
What are the ways in which Ravi’s small production unit was affected by rising competition?
Answer:

1. Ravi’s small production unit produced capacitors.
2. In 2001 government allowed imports of capacitors.
3. MNCs forced his clients to buy capacitors from them at half of the price of capacitors of Ravi.
4. Ravi now produces less than half the capacitors he produced previously.

Question 28.
Should producers such as Ravi stop production because their cost of production is higher compared to producers in other countries? What do you think?
Answer:

1. Producers like Ravi should not stop production because the cost of production is higher compared to producers in other countries.
2. The government should arrange Ravi, the technology with which he could compete the MNCs.
3. At the same time some restrictions must be put on MNCs without affecting norms of WTO.
4. People should be encouraged to purchase the capacitors produced by Ravi.

Question 29.
Recent studies point out that small producers in India need three things to compete better in the market:
(a) better roads, power, water, raw materials, marketing and information network,
(b) improvements and modernisation of technology, and
(c) timely availability of credit at reasonable interest rates.
Explain how these three things would help Indian producers?
Answer:

1. Small Indian producers are now unable to compete with MNCs.
2. If they are provided with good roads, water, power, raw materials, marketing and information network, they would better compete with the MNCs.
3. The technology that which they are using should be improved and modernised in order to compete with MNCs.
4. They should be provided with credit with less rate of interest, which help them to compete I with the MNCs.

Question 30.
Do you think MNCs will be interested in investing in these? Why?
Answer:

1. The MNCs definitely are not interested in investing in these.
2. Always MNCs invest with the aim of getting more profits, they won’t think of providing infrastructure.
3. If they try to provide these things, it would be useful to small Indian producers.
4. So, they do not show any interest in investing in these.

Question 31.
Do you think the government has a role in making these facilities available? Why?
Answer:

1. The government has a role in making these facilities available.
2. If the government makes these facilities available, then many small Indian producers develop themselves.
3. They would be able to compete with foreign MNCs.
4. As governments are nowadays welfare states, they have a role in making these facilities available.

Question 32.
Think of any other steps that the government could take. Discuss.
Answer:

1. The government could impose sanctions or restrictions on MNCs.
2. Make that MNCs should behave with corporate social responsibility.
3. Government should protect the interests of the people and see that MNCs prosper.
4. It should adopt the policy which provides for mutual consent.

 

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 13th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 13th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 1

10th Class Social Studies 13th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Correct the false statements,
(a) At the beginning of 20th century disparity across the world was marked by west and the rest.
Answer:
The statement is correct.

(b) 20th century saw the rise of democracy and instances of dictatorship as well as making of new kingdoms,
Answer:
20th century saw the rise of democracy and instances of dictatorship as well as making of new countries, the colonies rose to independence.

(c) Socialist societies wanted to build on the idea of equality and fraternity.
Answer:
The statement is correct.

(d) Army members of countries fighting belonged to many different countries and not Just those which directly participated in the war.
Answer:
The statement is correct.

(e) After or during the First World War many countries changed over from monarchy rule to democracies.
Answer:
The statement is correct.

Question 2.
Make a table to show allies, axis and central powers, participated with following countries on different sides of the world wars: Austria, USSR(Russia), Germany, Britain, Japan, France, Italy, USA.
Answer:

Question 3.
How did the idea of nation-states and nationalism influence desire for war during World Wars? (Or) How did Aggressive nationalism lead to World Wars?
(OR)
How did the idea of Nationalism lead to the World Wars?
Answer:

1. The ideology of nationalism was a positive impulse.
2. It was the foundation of modern nation-states.
3. But later it became aggressive nationalism.
4. It is used to create pride in oneself and hatred against neighbours.
5. Fascists in Italy tried to build images of victories with it.
6. Nazis of Germany mobilised Germans against other nations of Europe.
7. These incidents led to World War.
8. Thus, we can say the idea of nation-states and nationalism influenced the desire for war during World Wars.

Question 4.
Write a short note on various causes of two World Wars. Do you think any of these features are prevalent even today in countries around the world? How?
Answer:

1. Two World Wars have various causes for their outbreak.
2. They have some immediate provocation and some long-term causes.
3. Among long-term causes aggressive nationalism, imperialism, secret alliances, militarism, the Treaty of Versailles, failure of League of Nations, German challenge to vengeful domination and fear of communism are there to be named.
4. I don’t think any such features are prevalent in nations around the world now.
5. But few developed nations are after the natural resource reserves of various other nations and damaging their sovereignty.

Question 5.
What are the different impacts of wars during the first half of 20th century? (OR)
“Second World War ended imperialism” justify it. (OR)
Describe the consequences of the World Wars.
Answer:

1. There were different impacts of wars during the first half of 20th century.
2. They showed the dangers of undemocratic governments.
3. They strengthened the case for democratisation of power.
4. They put an end to several empires like Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Ottoman and German empires.
5. These empires were replaced by democracies.
6. Colonies demanded self-government from colonialists.
7. With the process of decolonization, hundreds of new countries were born.
8. The League of Nations and the United Nations Organization were formed after the World War I & II.
9. The map of eastern and central Europe was redrawn on the basis of nationality, economic viability and military security.
10. These were the impacts of wars during the first half of the 20th century.
11. After a long struggle for political right the right to vote – British women got these rights in 1918.

10th Class Social Studies 13th Lesson The World Between Wars 1900-1950 Part 1 InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 176 & 177

Question 1.
Look at some of the pictures given below, connect them with one or the other point mentioned and write a short note on each of them.
(a) Observe the picture of 1934 rally of Hitlers Nazi party at Nurnberg. Compare it with the political party rallies you have seen.
Answer:

1. Political rallies conducted during the time of Hitler and that they are conducted now will definitely bear similarities.
2. But the political fervour with which Nazis worked could not be seen now.
3. Nazis under Hitler thought militarism and race superiority as their Agenda.
4. Now political parties work for harmony and equality of all.
5. Their approach may fit the period when they formed government.
6. Now political rallies are conducted in peaceful manner moving towards democracy.

(b) Famous photograph of Polish immigrant Florence Owens during Depression by Dorothea Lange.
It depicts destitute pea pickers in California, March 1936. What would she be thinking?
Answer:

1. Great Depression during 1929 – 30 ramshackle world economy.
2. Many industries were closed and many more were taken away of their employment.
3. Many were forced to take up the menial jobs like pea picking, etc.
4. This picture depicts one such woman with her children in deep grief.
5. She had migrated from Poland to California and was employed as pea picker.
6. The picture depicts her sorrow of what happened and worries about the future.

(c) Atom Bomb in Nagasaki, also look at the picture at end of the chapter which shows the effect of this bomb.
Answer:

1. Towards the end of the Second World War, America dropped two small atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan.
2. They killed immediately between 1,50,000 to 2,46,000 people.
3. The after-effects of these bombings, like leukaemia and cancer, lingered on for decades.
4. From then, there is always the fear hanging around the world of another atom bomb dropping or a Third World War.

(d) A painting by Kustodiev in 1920 on The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. What is the artist trying to say? Who the giant leader could be?
Answer:

1. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia came in 1917.
2. People revolted against the Tsarist Regime.
3. Bolshevik party promised people; food to starving people; land to peasants; power to Soviets and withdraw from World War.
4. They confiscated all private factories, mills and industries and rationalised them.
5. The portrait could be of Lenin.

(e) A cartoon in German with caption “Buy from the Jews, betray your people” 1929. What bias does it show?
Answer:

1. The bias it shows is not to buy any product from Jews in Germany.
2. That act of purchasing could prove them to be traitors of Germany.
3. Germans under Hitler exhibited racial supremacy of Nordic.
4. They developed wanton hatred towards Jews.
5. In the later days, nearly 60 lakh Jews were killed by Nazis, followers of Hitler.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 179

Question 2.
Find out: How long did the India Pakistan war last in 1971? How many people were killed? (Or) “1971 a year of war and liberation.” Explain.
Answer:

1. Actually East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) people were fighting for liberation from Pakistan from March 1971.
2. India joined the war supporting East Pakistan on 3rd December 1971 and ended on 16the December 1971.
3. The war lasted for only 13 days. It is considered to be one of the shortest wars in the history.
4. 3,843 Indian soldiers lost their lives whereas 9000 Pakistani soldiers were killed.
5. 9,851 Indians and 4,350 Pakistani’s were wounded.
6. 97,368 Pakistani’s were taken as prisoners of war.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 181

Question 3.
In what ways do you think industrialisation has created the conditions for modern wars?
Answer:

1. Industrial capital developed in European countries like Britain, Germany and the USA.
2. They needed markets for their products and access to raw materials.
3. Accumulated capital in Banks was also to be put in safe investment opportunities in colonies. This led to imperialism.
4. Governments of these countries acted in interests of capitalists to increase their colonies.
5. New industrial powers like Germany, Italy and Japan competed with them.
6. This created much stress and often led to wars.

Question 4.
Do you think the love for one’s country among people of different countries leads to wars?
Answer:

1. Love for one’s country is a positive impulse.
2. If one lives among people of different countries also, love for his country will not harm.
3. But love for one’s country, at times is associated with hatred against neighbours.
4. Then it would not be a positive impulse.
5. It will make the living of one even in his own country miserable.
6. He cannot live comfortably with such kind of people.
7. This type of aggressive nationalism, at times disturbs the peaceful co-existence and leads to wars.

Question 5.
If one country takes an aggressive stance against another country, should the other country also respond aggressively? Can there be other ways of handling the problem?
Answer:

1. If one country takes an aggressive stance against another country, the other country should not respond aggressively.
2. There can be other ways of handling this problem.
3. If both the countries are members of any institution of world governance like UNO, then going there is the better option.
4. UNO tries to sort out the problem and comes up with just solution.
5. If any of the country does not happen to be a member of UNO, then arbitration is the best policy.
6. Both of them should have an agreeable third party country to mediate and both of them should abide by its solution.

Question 6.
Do you find the presence of aggressive nationalism, imperialism, power blocks and militarism around us today too? Give examples and discuss in the class.
Answer:

1. We may find traces of such things now.
2. In perfect sense, we may not find aggressive nationalism, imperialism, power blocks and militarism around us today.
3. We can see countries like China, which are denying countries like Tibet of their sovereignty.
4. We can see countries like the USA which are interfering in affairs of other countries like Iran, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Libya, etc.
5. We find some countries interfering in the affairs of other countries with a view to over power the natural resources present there.

Question 7.
Find out about some of the wars fought during the last ten years and see to what extent these four factors caused them.
Answer:

1. The four factors were aggressive nationalism, imperialism, power blocks and militarism.
2. The USA was involved in most of the wars that were fought during the last ten years.
3. Iraq War: The USA attacked Iraq blaming the regime of Saddam Hussein in 2003. From then till 2011 American forces were there in Iraq. They tried Saddam and executed him.
4. War in North West Pakistan: Taliban, a militant Islam Group formed for separate nation from Pakistan and fighting with it from 2004. The USA sent troops to quell the agitation. But it Is not decimated yet.
5. Somalia War (2006 – 2009): There were ethnic differences led to large scale fighting In Eastern Africa in countries like Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritria, etc.
6. An Islamic militant outfit Al-Queida (under Osama Bin Laden once) intruded Into Yemen in 2010.
7. In 2007 there occurred Transahara War in Northern African countries Morocco, Tunisia and Mauritania, etc.
8. Most of these wars are of militant nature.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 183

Question 8.
Some organs of the League of Nations like the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and World Health Organisation (WHO) continue to function to this day. Find out about their activities and prepare a project report on one such organ.
Answer:
Some organs of the League of Nations are functioning till date. A few of them are ILO, WHO and IG, etc. World Health Organisation (WHO) played an Important role in providing good healthy conditions to most of the third world countries. Dreadful diseases like cholera, smallpox, polio, etc., were checked. In recent years WHO is fighting against AIDS and heart diseases. In Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, the WHO suggested measures and advised to start an international school for infant and child welfare at buenos. Aires, and a public health school at Rio-de-Janerio, the capital of Brazil.
(OR)
Some activities of U.N.O:

1. Skills development, job creation and elimination of work force inequalities.
2. Ensuring equal access of women to the labour market and social security.
3. Integration of youth through education, etc.

Question 9.
Do you think the Second World War could have been avoided if the victorious powers had been more considerate towards Germany in 1919?
Answer:

1. The peace treaty after 1st World War imposed inhumane and humiliating terms on Germany.
2. Germans thought that the Treaty of Versailles was a diktat imposed on them.
3. Germans were asked to return colonies like Alsace and Lorraine.
4. Germany was asked to pull down its army strength to 1 lakh from 9 lakhs.
5. It was asked not to have submarines and restrictions were imposed on its naval strength.
6. This humiliating terms of Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of Hitler.
7. He recovered all the territories lost due to Treaty of Versailles.
8. Hence we can conclude that the Second World War could have been avoided if the victorious powers had been more considerate towards Germany.

(OR)

It is right upto some extent. But the considerations might not be accepted by the dictator Hitler. Pacifying nature should be in both the sides.
I think the considerations could have postponed the World War – II.