Category: Class 7

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 10th Lesson State Government Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 10th Lesson Questions and Answers State Government

7th Class Social 10th Lesson State Government Textbook Questions and Answers

Review of Your Previous Knowledge

Observe the above pictures and respond to the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you observe in the picture?
Answer:
I observe the following in the above given picture :

1. School
2. The children are playing in the Park
3. Water tank
4. Roads are cleaning by municipal workers.

Question 2.
What are the public amenities observed in the picture?
Answer:

1. Safe drinking water.
2. Park
3. Removal of Garbage from the streets.
4. School.
5. Street Lights.

Question 3.
Who provides the public amenities?
Answer:
Government provides the public amenities.

Question 4.
What is a Government?
Answer:
A government is an institution or a system made of a group of people that takes care or manages a country or state.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Differentiate between Local Government and State Government.
Answer:

State Government	Local Government
The Government offices, elected officials, bureaucrats, laws and government services that exist at the state level.	The governments that cover smaller jurisdictions below the state level including village and city.

Question 2.
What is a Constituency?
Answer:
A constituency means the body of citizens eligible to vote for a particular representative.
(OR)
A country is divided into many separate units or areas for the purpose of holding elections.
Each area in which elections are held is known as a constituency. People living in a consti-tuency elect their own representative from their constituency.

Question 3.
How can an MLA become Chief Minister? Explain.
Answer:

1. After the elections, the MLAs belonging to the ruling party will elect their leader who will become the chief minister.
2. A Chief Minister is an elected head of the government who is selected through a majority in the state legislative assembly established by the vote of confidence in the legislative assembly, suggested by the governor of the state who is the appointing authority.

Question 4.
Who appoints the Chief Minister and other Ministers?
Answer:
The Governor appoints Chief Minister and other Ministers.

Question 5.
If you were elected as a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA), what would you do for your Constituency?
Answer:
If I become MLA :

1. First, I will study the problems of my constituency.
2. I will meat the people of my constituency and ask their problems like electricity, drainage and water facilities, etc.
3. In the time of Assembly session, I will address the problems of my constituency and try to solve them.

Question 6.
What will happen if the Governor does not approve the bill?
Answer:
A bill that the state legislature has passed can become a law only after the Governor gives assent.

Sometimes the Governor can return a bill to the state legislature for reconsideration.

After reconsideration, if the state legislature sends it back to the Governor for the second time, the Governor must assent to it.

Question 7.
Name some Departments of the State Government.
Answer:

1. Public works department.
2. The Agriculture Department.
3. The Health Department.
4. The Education Department and so on.

Question 8.
Write a note on Lok Adalat.
Answer:
Lok Adalts are people’s courts.

1. It is one of the alternative dispute redreslsal mechanisms.
2. It is a forum where cases pending in the court of law are settled amicably.
3. Lok Adalat’s deal only civil, matrimonial and petty offence cases.
4. Lok Adalat’s provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of thesociety.

Question 9.
Make a list of functions of the District Collector.
Answer:
Functions of District Collector:

1. Collection of land revenue.
2. Maintenance of land records, land reforms, consolidation of holding, etc.
3. Distribution of agricultural loans.
4. Collection of income tax dues, excise duties irrigation dues, etc.
5. Disaster management during natural calamities such as floods, famines or epidemics, etc.

Question 10.
Locate the Assembly constituencies on the outline map of AP.
Answer:

District	Constituencies
1. Srikakulam	10
2. Vizianagaram	9
3. Visakhapatnam	15
4. East Godavari	19
5. West Godavari	15
6. Krishna	16
7. Guntur	17
8. Prakasam	12
9. Nellore	10
10. Kadapa	10
11. Kurnool	14
12. Anantapur	14
13. Chittoor	14
Total	175

Question 11.
Appreciate the role of the District Collector in the development of a district.
Answer:
The District Collector is the head of the district administration. He/She is selected through UPSC, and allotted to states, by the Central Government. He has to take responsibility of various departments like Revenue (The Collector handles all matters connected to land records and Revenue Administration.), law & order (to maintain Law and Order to maintain Social harmony), local self-government, agriculture, disaster management (To take immediate actions at the time of disasters and prevent or minimize the damage) and Election Officer (To ensure the conduct of elections), etc. He is the First-class Magistrate at district Level.

Question 12.
Why is it necessary to elect a representative? Discuss.
Answer:
Now-a-days most of the countries followed democracy.

Due to vast areas and more population each and every country adopted representative democracy, means indirect democracy.

In this part instead of people, people’s representatives participated in law making, interact with constituents and decisions are taken by representives only.

So to elect the representatives is necessary.

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. The word State Government refers to
A) Government Departments in the States
B) Legislative Assembly
C) Legislative Council
D) All of the above
Answer:
D) All of the above

2. How many states are there in India?
A) 29
B) 28
C) 27
D) 26
Answer:
B) 28

3. The real powers in administration in the state government are exercised by
A) Speaker
B) Governor
C) Chief Minister
D) All of the above
Answer:
C) Chief Minister

4. Who becomes the Chief Minister?
A) Leader of the Opposition Party
B) Leader of the Majority Party
C) Member of Legislative Assembly
D) Speaker
Answer:
B) Leader of the Majority Party

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Chief Minister	i) Legislative Assembly
2. Governor	ii) Legislative Council
3. M.L.A	iii) Head of the state
4. M.L.C	iv) Head of the Govt.
5. Collector	v) District Magistrate

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Chief Minister	iv) Head of the Govt.
2. Governor	iii) Head of the state
3. M.L.A	i) Legislative Assembly
4. M.L.C	ii) Legislative Council
5. Collector	v) District Magistrate

IV. 1. Segregate the following in suitable heading.
Speaker, Judge, Min ister, Member of Legislative Assembly, Lawyer, Chief justice,

Judiciary	Legislature

Answer:

Judiciary	Legislature
1. Chief justice	1. Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA)
2. Judge	2. Speaker
3. Lawyer	3. Minister

IV. 2.Fill the labile with correct words given. (AS – 3)
(175 members, MLA, Speaker, 58 members, 5 years, MLC, 6 years,Chairman)

Item	Legislative Assembly	Legislative Council
Term
No. of Members
Presides th e House
People representative

Answer:

Item	Legislative Assembly	Legislative Council
Term	5 years	6 years
No. of Members	175	58
Presides th e House	Speaker	Chair Person
People representative	M.L.A.	M.L.C.

7th Class Social 10th Lesson State Government InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 44

Question 1.
Make of a list of Governors of Andhra Pradesh, who has served so far.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 45

Question 2.
Take an interview with your Constituency Member of Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
Student : Good Morning Sir. How are you Sir?

MLA : Good morning my dear student. 1 am fine. How are you?

Student : I am fine Sir.

Student : Sir, I am here to address some problems in my school.

MLA : What problems do you face in your school?

Student : Sir, there is no library and laboratory in my school.

MLA : Oh! Within two months I will speak with government and I will arrange both in your school.

Student : Thank you very much sir.

MLA : Welcome

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 46

Question 3.
List out Assembly Constituencies in your District.
Answer:
EX : Krishna District.

District	Assembly Constituencies
Krishna	Nuzvid
Krishna	Kaikalur
Krishna	Gannavaram
Krishna	Penamaluru
Krishna	Pedana
Krishna	Machilipatnam
Krishna	Avanigadda
Krishna	Pamarru (SC)  .
Krishna	Gudivada
Krishna	Vijayawada East
Krishna	Nandigama (SC)
Krishna	Jaggayyapeta
Krishna	Vijayawada Central
Krishna	Mylavaram
Krishna	Tiruvuru (SC)
Krishna	Vijayawada West

Question 4.
Examine the Voter ID Card of your parents and prepare an imaginary Voter ID Card for you with all the details.
Answer:

Note :

1. More possession of this card is no guarantee. That you are elector in the current ele-ctoral roll. Please check your name in the current electoral roll before every election.
2. Date of Birth mentioned in this card shall not be treated as a proof of age/ D.O.B for any purpose other than registration in electoral roll.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 48

Question 5.
Make a list of the Acts on Women safety.
Answer:
List of Acts :

1. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (PREVENTION, PROHIBITION and REDRESSAL) Act, 2013
2. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
3. The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961) (Amended in 1986)
4. The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
5. The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988)
6. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
7. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 49

Question 6.
Why the Chief Minister is called real head of the Government? Discuss in class and list out reasons.
Answer:
According to the Constitution of India, the Governor is a state’s head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. The Chief Minister is called real head of the Government because he is the elected head.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 51

Question 7.
Visit the District Collector’s office and interact with the authorities there.
Answer:
One day I visited District Collector’s office. I met three officials from revenue, police and educational departments. They were humble and accepted my request to share their work experience. At first I have gone to revenue officials and they explained me how they collect taxes from people. And then the Police Officer explained me how they maintain law and order in the society. At last the official from the Educational department explained how they work to improve our educational system.

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 44

Question 1.
Who is the present Governor of our state?
Answer:
Biswabhusan Harichandan is the present Governor of our State (AP).

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 45

Question 2.
If you to contest in elections in your assembly constituency, what would be your election manifesto?
Answer:

1. I will promise to people to solve the problems of the constituency.
   Ex : Water, electricity, removal of garbage, etc.
2. I will promise to the people to provide moral assistance when they are in problamatic situation.
3. I will promise the people, I will try to avoid corruption from my constituency.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 47

Question 3.
What is the name of your Assembly Constituency?
Answer:
Ex : ……………………….. is the name of your Assembly Constituency.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 47

Question 4.
Who is the present MLA of your Assembly constituency?
Answer:

Ex : ……………………. is is the Present MLA of My Assembly constituency.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 48

Question 5.
What happens if any one of the houses do not approve a bill?
Answer:
The Parliament of Indiai is bicameral. Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill. However, the framers of the Constitution of India anticipated situations of deadlock between the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. Therefore, the Constitution of India provides for Joint sittings of both the Houses to break the deadlock.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 49

Question 6.
If you get a chance to get. into a Ministry, which portfolio do you like most? What are the policies you will implement?
Answer:
I like Tourism ministry. I implement tour visits to the middle class and lower class people by giving them concessions.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 43

Question 1.
Learn more about the federal system, with the. help of your teacher.
Answer:
Federal System:

1. Federal system is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between central and state governments.
2. This system gives definite powers to both central and state governments.
3. According to this system our constitution divided the administrative powers into three lists.
4. They are (i) The Union list, (ii) The State list and (iii) The Concurrent list.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 46

Question 2.
Learn more about secret voting system.
Answer:

1. The most basic form of a secret ballot utilizes blank pieces.of paper upon which each voter marks his or her choice.
2. Without revealing the votes to ainyone, the voter folds the ballot paper in half and places it in a sealed box.
3. This box is later emptied for counting.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 47

Question 3.
Know about the number of members of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council.
Answer:
There are 58 members in AP Legislative Council.

7th Class Social Textbook Page NO. 51

Question 4.
Know more about the magisterial powers of District Collector.
Answer:
As District Magistrate :

1. Conducts criminal court of executive magistrate.
2. Maintenance of law and order.
3. Coordinates of the police.
4. Supervision of subordinate executive magistracy and conduct magisterial inquiries.
5. Hearing cases under the preventive section of the Criminal Procedure Code.
6. Supervision of jails, and certification of execution of capital sentences.
7. inspection of police stations, prisons, and juvenile homes in the district.
8. Authorising parole orders to inmates.
9. Granting arms and ammunition licence under Arms Act.
10. Prepares panel of names for appointment of public prosecutors and additional public prosecutors with consultation with session judge in district.
11. Disaster management during natural calamities such as floods, famines or epidemics.
12. Crisis management during riots or external aggression.
13. Child Labour/bonded labour related matters.

Project Work

Conduct: a Mock Assembly in your school with the help of your teacher and participate in it.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Nutrition in Plants

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 10th Lesson Nutrition in Plants

7th Class Science 10th Lesson Nutrition in Plants Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How is the process of photosynthesis carried on in plants?
Answer:

1. We know that plants take water through their roots and air though the stomata of their leaves. (There are some other parts like loose tissues and lenticels present on the bark of plant through which exchange of air takes place).
2. We also know that leaves contain the green substance, chlorophyll.
3. In the presence of sun light the process of photosynthesis takes place as follows. Green parts of plants use carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight along with water to make glucose starch and other food materials.
   

Question 2.
What effect light has on the formation of starch in leaves? Describe an activity to find out.
Answer:

1. We need to find out if starch is present in leaves. We already know how to test for starch, but a problem arises if we try this test with leaves.
2. Leaves are green in colour. When iodine solution is put on a leaf, it should turn blue if starch is present.
3. However, the green colour of the leaf disguises the blue colour.
4. So we must first remove the green colour of the leaves if we want to test whether they contain starch.
5. The way to do this is to first put the leaves in a boiling tube and boil them in alcohol.
6. 4 to 5 leaves of a plant were plucked in the afternoon.
7. After removing their green colour in the way described above, they were put in diluted iodine solution.
8. The leaves turned black.
   
9. It means the leaves has starch in them.
10. In the second part of the experiment, 4 to 5 leaves of the same plant were covered with black paper without removing them from the plant.
11. The way the black paper was cut and fixed to the leaves is shown in the figure.
12. These leaves were plucked two days later. Their green colour was removed and they were dipped in iodine solution.
13. The leaves turned black in the pattern shown in the figure.
14. We will notice with the iodine solution test that starch was not present in the portion of the leaves covered with black paper.
15. This experiment confirms that light is essential for the formation of startch in plants.

Question 3.
Do plants produce only starch? If not, what are the other compounds it could produce? explain.
Answer:

1. We know that starch, fats and proteins are present in food.
2. They are also present in plants.
3. Plants produce sugar first, which is converted to starch and then another compound as well.
4. But plants need other nutrient elements to do this.

Question 4.
What are the main nutrients for plants ? What do you mean by micronutrients?
Answer:

1. The main nutrients needed are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
2. Plants require many other nutrient elements as well, but these are needed only in minute quantities.
3. Hence, they are called micronutrients.
4. Plants absorb these nutrient elements from the soil through their roots.

Question 5.
What is Cuscuta? Explain what is meant by hetero trophic nutrition.
Answer:

1. We see yellow thread-like structures twining around the stem, branches and leaves of some trees.
2. Figure shows such a plant.
3. This thread-like plant is Cuscuta. It neither has leaves nor Chlorophyll.
4. Cuscuta takes food from the plant on which it is climbing.
   
5. Like humans and animals such plants depend on the food produced by other plants.
6. This mode of nutrition is called heterotrophic nutrition.

Question 6.
What are saprophytes? Where do they grow?
Answer:

1. Often after rains we find umbrella like structures growing from the ground.
2. Such plants are called saprophytes.
3. They grow on dead / decaying matter.
4. Mushrooms belong to this type of plants.

Question 7.
What is fungi? Where do you find it?
Answer:

1. Black and white spots appearing on bread pieces, pickles, when kept in moist places. These spots develop due to the growth of fungi, which is a type of plant.
2. All these types of plants do not contain chlorophyll so they simply absorb organic material usually from decaying matter.

Question 8.
Write a brief note on ‘insectivorous plants’.
Answer:

1. A few plants manufacture their own food but also obtain a part of their nutrition from insects.
2. Leaves of these plants are specially modified to trap insects.
   
3. These plants grow in areas deficient in nitrogen.
4. Hence they meet their nitrogen requirements from insects.
5. Being green in colour, they can manufacture their own food.
6. Droseras, Utricularia, Venusflytrap are examples of some such insectivorous plants.
7. These are also called as carnivorous plants.

Question 9.
Mention some plants on whose roots bacteria grow.
Answer:
Some plants like those of the Dal family have a type of bacteria growing on their roots in nodules. The bacteria fixes nitrogen for the plant while it gets shelter in the roots of these plants. Such an association is beneficial to both groups and called symbiosis.

Question 10.
What are Lichens? Write a note about it.
Answer:
There are colonies of algae and fungi living together in a symbiotic relationship. These colonies are known as Lichens. This relationship starts with the attack of the algal colony by a type of fungus. It is an example of balanced parasitism then. Later as algae survive, they are given protection from intense light and conditions of drying up due to the presence of fungus colony. The fungus gets food from its partner.

Question 11.
Describe the experiment conducted by Jan Baptista Von Helmont and discuss his results.
Answer:

1. In the year 1648 a Belgian scientist Jan Baptista Von Helmont conducted an experiment that continued for five years.
   
2. He took a small willow tree and planted it in a large pot of soil.
3. Before he did this he carefully measured the mass of the dry soil and the mass of the tree.
4. He covered the soil with a lid so that nothing could fall onto the surface of the soil and add to its mass.
5. There were holes in the lid so that the tree could grow out of the soil and so that air and water could reach the roots. Von Helmont left the tree for five years, giving it only rain water to drink.
   
6. At the end of the five years he measured the mass of the tree and the mass of the dry soil for a second time.
7. The results of this experiment are shown below.
8. This experiment changed the belief of hundreds of years. This was because Von Helmont arrived at a result that –
9. 
   a) The substances needed for the growth of a plant do not come from the soil only.
   b) The plant grow because of the water it gets.

Question 12.
Who was the first to point out a possible role of light in plant nutrition?
Answer:

1. People tried to check the conclusions of Von Helmont and thus experiment after experiment followed.
   
2. Stephan Hales described the leaves as organs of transpiration (loss of excess water from plant body) and he said that plants exchange gases with their surrounding air.
3. Furthermore, he was the first to point out a possible role of light in plant nutrition.

Question 13.
List the four major things needed by plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis.

Answer:

1. In nature, the presence of the green substance in leaves is essential for photosynthesis to take place.
2. This green substance is called chlorophyll. Plants get water from the soil through their roots while the process of photosynthesis takes place in the leaves.
   

Question 14.
Why is it necessary to irrigate the fields after sprinkling urea?
Answer:

1. Farmers sprinkle urea in rice or wheat fields whenever the leaves turn yellow.
2. The leaves soon become green again.
3. After sprinkling urea, farmers irrigate their fields.
4. Urea dissolves in water and stay near the roots of the rice plants.
5. The plants absorb this urea dissolved in water through their roots.
6. This is the reason why farmers irrigate the fields after sprinkling urea.
7. The rice or wheat plants get water and other nutrients dissolved in it thus.

Question 15.
How does the exchange of air take place in plants?
Answer:

1. Plants get water from the soil through their roots.
   They use carbon dioxide of air. This job is done by the leaves.
2. The leaves have tiny holes through which the exchange of air takes place.
   
3. These holes are so minute we can only see them with the help of a microscope.
4. They are called stomata.
5. It is through the stomata that the exchange of air in leaves takes place continuously.

Question 16.
Draw a diagram of mango tree and write its soliloquy.
Answer:

Question 17.
How do parasitic plants get food from the host plants?
Answer:
Parasitic plants develop special roots called haustoria, which penetrate into the tissues * of the host plant and absorb food materials from them.

Question 18.
What is herberium? How is it useful to us?
Answer:

1. Preservation of plant parts like leaves, flowers or whole plant is a traditional designery art.
2. If the plants are not available in a particular place then the plant physiologists collect those plants where they available and make them in the preservative form.
3. This is commonly known as herberium.
4. They study those plants, and these preserved plants also helpful for the future studies.

Question 19.
Read the para and answer the quesions given below.
Cascuta is a parasitic plant. This receives nutrients from the host plant. It has a finger like structure called haustoria. It inserts it into the stem of the host and receives nutrients.

1. Why do we call Cascuta a parasitic plant?
2. What helps to receive nutrients in Cascuta?
3. Why does Cascuta depend on host for nutrition?
4. Give some more examples of parasitic plants.

Answer:

1. Because Cascuta depends on other plants for food.
2. Haustoria.
3. As Cascuta has no chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis, it depends on other plants for food.
4. a) Corpse flower (Rafflesia plant)
   b) Hydnora plant
   c) Thurber’s stem sucker.

Question 20.
What happens if the stomata is absent in the plants?
Answer:

1. If there are no stomata in plant, transpiration will not occur.
2. Moreover, the gaseous exchange (CO₂, O₂) will not take place in plants.
3. Photosynthesis will not occur in plants.

Question 21.
In human beings respiratory organs are lungs. What are the respiratory organs of plants?
Answer:
Stomata act as respiratory organs in plants.

 

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 9th Lesson Indian Constitution – An Introduction Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 9th Lesson Questions and Answers Indian Constitution – An Introduction

7th Class Social 9th Lesson Indian Constitution – An Introduction Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why does a democratic country need a constitution? *
Answer:

1. The constitution lays out the important guidelines that govern decision making within the the country.
2. It serves as an asset of rules and principles as the basis by which the country has to be governed.

So a democratic country needs a Constitution.

Question 2.
How many fundamental rights are there in our Indian constitution? What are they?
Answer:
There are six fundamental rights in our Indian constitution.
i) Right to equality,
ii) Right to freedom,
iii) Right against exploitation,
iv) Right to freedom of religion,
v) Cultural and educational rights, and
vi) Right to constitutional remedies.

Question 3.
Give examples for violation of Fundamental Rights.
Answer:

1. Sexual harassment is a violation of Fundamental Right.
2. Meetings on Public roads and road margins is violative of fundamental right.
3. False prosecution.
4. Without submitting the arrested person keep in the prison more than 24 hrs is a violation of fundamental right,

Question 4.
The fundamental duties enhance patriotism. How?
Answer:

1. The major intention behind the adoption of fundamental duties under the constitution of India was to make citizens ensure that they own some duties to the community in return for fundamental rights.
2. Such duties are not merely needed to uphold unity, integrity, and sovereignty but also to remind the citizens about their democratic conduct and manners to maintain social harmony as the rights and duties go hand in hand. ,

Question 5.
Appreciate the role of Dr.B.R Ambedkar in the preparation of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:

1. The contribution of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in Indian Democracy is not to be forgotten.
2. Baba Saheb Ambedkar’s name will be written in golden letters in the history of India as a creator of social justice.
3. He spent his whole life for the betterment of the poor, exploited, untouchables and troubled classes.
4. Baba Saheb gave shape to social aspect without exploitation.
5. Thus, Dr. Ambedkar’s contribution to the Indian Constitution is undoubtedly of the highest order.
6. Indeed he deserved to be called the “Father of the Chief Architect of the Indian Constitution”.

Question 6.
Write the Fundamental Duties of our Constitution.
Answer:
The fundamental duties noted in the Constitution are as follows:
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India –

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife ‘ and to have compassion for living creatures;
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
11. Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be, ward between the age of six to fourteen years.

Question 7.
“India is a sovereign country” comment.
Answer:

1. The Preamble to the Indian Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign Republic.
2. India is free to conduct her internal and external affairs as she deems desirable.
3. India is no longer under subjugation of any foreign power.
4. As a sovereign state, India is free from any kind or form of foreign interference in its domestic affairs.
   So India is a sovereign country.

Question 8.
Write the characteristics of a good citizen.
Answer:

1. Obeys the law / Respects authority.
2. Contribute to Society and Community/ Performs Civic Duty.
3. Loves his/her country/Patriotism.
4. Courtesy and respect for the rights of others.
5. Trust worthy and Honesty.
6. Tolerance.
7. Accountability.
8. Moral Courage.

II. Choose the correct answers.

1. The Chairman of Constituent Assembly is …………………
a) Dr.B. R. Ambedkar
b) Jawahar Lai Nehru
c) Mahatma Gandhiji
d) Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad
Answer:
d) Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad

2. Find the odd one out.
a) Liberty
b) Inequality
c) Justice
d) Fraternity
Answer:
b) Inequality

3. Which Article tells about Right to Education in our Constitution ?
a) 19
b) 20 A
c) 21
d) 21 A
Answer:
d) 21 A

4. Which of the following is a violation of Fundamental Rights?
a) All are equal before law
b) A child below 14 years, working in tea shop
c) A person has a right to follow any religion
d) All
Answer:
b) A child below 14 years, working in tea shop

5. Which Article tells about Fundamental Duties in our Constitution?
a) 51
b) 51 A
c) 21
d) 21 A
Answer:
b) 51 A

6. Who proposed the “objective resolution” of the Indian constitutaion.
a) B.R Ambedkar
b) Sardhar Vallabh bhai Patel
c) Jawaharlal Neheu
d) H.C. Mukharjee
Answer:
c) Jawaharlal Neheu

III. Matching.

Group-A	Group-B
1. 42nd Amendment	a) Fundamental Rights
2. 44th Amendment	b) Fundamental Duties
3. 86th Amendment	c) Deletion of Right to Property
4. Part-III	d) Right to Education
5. Part – IVA	e) Socialist, Secular added to Preamble

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. 42nd Amendment	e) Socialist, Secular added to Preamble
2. 44th Amendment	c) Deletion of Right to Property
3. 86th Amendment	d) Right to Education
4. Part-III	a) Fundamental Rights
5. Part – IVA	b) Fundamental Duties

Puzzle

Solve the puzzle with the words based on the given hints, takes from the preamble of the constitution.

DOWN :
1. People should live like brothers and sisters.
4. Government will not favour any religion.
5. Head of the state is an elected person.

ACROSS:
2. Government by the people
3. Moral obligations of all citizens. Reasonable claims of a person
7. The complete power to take decisions.
Answer:

7th Class Social 9th Lesson Indian Constitution – An Introduction InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 31

Question 1.
Identify any four prominent members of our Constituent Assembly and briefly write about them.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 38

Question 2.
Identify the statements of fundamental rights and fundamental duties given below, and put a tick mark in the respective box.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 39

Question 3.
Make a role play on the practice of equality and brotherhood in our lives and perform it in the classroom.
Answer:

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 28

Question 1.
Our national leaders opposed the acts made by the British government. Why?
Answer:
Our National leaders opposed the acts made by the British government because they implemented Regulating Act 1773, Pitts India Act 1784, Charter Act 1883, etc. which were against to wish of the Indians. Moreover they implemented Divide and Rule policy. So, our National leaders opposed their Acts.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 29

Question 2.
Why did the Indian National Congress demanded for a separate Constitution for India. What were the reasons for it?
Answer:

1. After the elections to Constituent Assembly, the Muslim League refused to cooperate with the Congress and the political situation deteriorated.
2. Hindu, Muslim riots began, and the Muslim League demanded a separate constituent assembly for Muslims in India. And
3. The separate Nations of India & Pakistan were announced by Lord Mountbatten.

Question 3.
What is Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
The Universal Adult Franchise refers that all citizens who are 18 years and above irrespective of their caste or education, religion, colour, race and economic conditions are free to vote in a democracy.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 31

Question 4.
There are only nine women members in the Constituent Assembly. Do you think it would have been better if there had been more female members? Why?
Answer:
Yes. I think it would have been better if there had been more female members. Why because it would have increased the opportunites to women in their fields.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 32

Question 5.
Our Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November, 1949. But it Came into force on 26th January, 1950. Why was it delayed? Find out the reason with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November, 1949 and the honourable members appended their signatures to it on 24th January, 1950. In all 284 members actually signed the constitution.

Question 6.
Why do we celebrate Republic day on 26th January?
Answer:
India has been celebrating Republic day every year on January 26th to honour the date on which our constitution came into effect.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 33

Read the Preamble of our Constitution very carefully and answer the following questions.

Question 7.
The Preamble of our Constitution starts with ‘We the people of India/ What does it mean ?
Answer:
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, means
The Constitution has been drawn up and enacted by the people through their repre¬sentative, and not handed down to them by a king or any outside powers.

Question 8.
Identify the date which was given in the Preamble and write its importance.
Answer:
Date in the Preamble – 26-11-1949.

The importance is our Constitution was adopted on that day.

Question 9.
Is Preamble a part of the Constitution or not? Try to know that with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
Amendment of the Preamble.
42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
After the judgement of Kesavananda Bharathi case. It was accepted that the Preamble is part of the Constitution.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 34

Question 10.
Why is India called a Republic?
Answer:
India is called a Republic, because the head of the nation means President is an elected person.

Question 11.
How can you say that India is a Secular country?
Answer:
Yes, India is a secular country. Because, Indian Government did not give any importance to any religion during the policy decisions (or) making.
There is no state religion in India. Just people of India are followed the religion.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 36

Question 12.
Right to Property was deleted from the Fundamental Rights. Why?
Answer:
The word Socialism was incorporated in our Constitution through 42nd Amendment in 1976. Socialism means avoiding the differences between Have’s & Have not’s.

So Right to Property was deleted from fundamental Rights through 44th Amendment in 1978 to reduce the boundaries of rich & poor.

Question 13.
Why do we need right to freedom?
Answer:

1. Right to freedom generates liberty of expression and speech association, or assembly etc.
2. It protects us from exploitation.
3. It provides a chance to us to practice any ocupation or profession.
4. If protects us from offences against detention and arrest in many cases.
5. It rainforces of all other human rights, allowing society to develop and progress.

Question 14.
How do the “Right against exploitation” contributes to the development of the children?
Answer:
The fundamental right against exploitation guaranteed to all citizens prohibits child labour in mines, factories, and hazardous conditions.

Question 15.
Try to know, How the Right to Information ensures transparency in government administration?
Answer:
The enactment of Right to Information Act 2005, people are now able to seek information from any government department with a definite time frame.

The Right to Information Act is intended to promote accountability and transparency in government by making the process of government decision making more open.

Question 16.
Have you seen any violation of Fundamental Rights in your surroundings? If so mention some examples.
Answer:
Yes.
Example : A person below 14 years working in tea shop.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 37

Question 17.
What are the rights you enjoy and the duties done by you in your school?
Answer:
I enjoyed the following rights.

1. Right to Equality.
2. Right to Freedom.
3. Right to Education and Culture.

I perform the following duties :

1. Respect to the National Flag and National Anthem.
2. Protect the Unity and Integrity.
3. Promote Harmony and brotherhood.
4. Develop Humanism, etc.

Question 18.
“Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin”. Discuss.
Answer:

1. Right and duties are closely related and cannot be separated from one another.
2. For every right there is a corresponding duty.
3. The state protects and enforces rights and it is the duty of all citizens to be loyal to the state. Thus, a citizen has both Rights and Duties.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 39

Question 19.
What activities you can perform as a responsible citizen?
Answer:
Be honest and trustworthy.
Follow rules and laws.
Respect the rights of others.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 28

Question 1.
Browse the internet or go through the library books and know more about other acts made by the British parliament for ruling India. (If necessary, take the help of your teacher).
Answer:
List of acts passed by British in India. Some important Acts.

1. Regulating Act of 1773
2. Charter Acts, – 1793,1813, 1833,1853.
3. Bengal Sati Regulation Act – 1829.
4. Hindu Widow’s Remarriage Act – 1829.
5. Transfer of Property Act -1882.
6. Minto – Morley Reforms -1909.
7. Montague – Chemsfofd Reforms -1919.
8. Rowlatt Act – 19×19.
9. Government of India Act – 1935.
10. India Independence Act – 1947, etc.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 32

Question 2.
Do you know that all your textbooks have preamble of the constitution, can you identify and read aloud?
Answer:

Project Work

Question 1.
Collect pictures of prominent members of Indian Constituent Asssembly and make an album.
Answer:

Question 2.
Prepare a report on how you celebrated Constitution day in your school.
Answer:

Z.P.H School Celebration of the Constitution Day 26th November, 2018 “The Constitution Day” was celebrated on 26<sup>th</sup> November, 2018 Z.P.H. School. To spread awareness about the Indian Constitution and to install a sense of patriotism among ourselves. On that day, the Assembly began with the principal addressing the students from class 2nd to 7th about the significance of the Constitution Day and the importance of being a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic country. My Principal Sir led the students in taking the pledge by reciting the Preamble of the Constitution. On that day a special period was taken by the social studies teachers who explained in detail the meaning of the Constitution, the Preamble, the Five Year Plan and the Directive Principles. The Day ended with the students of VI to IX participating in a Poster Making Competition where they had to reflect their thought on the principle of the preamble.

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 8th Lesson Bhakthi – Sufi Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 8th Lesson Questions and Answers Bhakthi – Sufi

7th Class Social 8th Lesson Bhakthi – Sufi Textbook Questions and Answers

Review Of Your Previous Knowledge

Question 1.
What do you observe in the picture 8.1?
Answer:
I observe Jagadguru Adi Sankaracharya, his disciples and his devotees in the left picture. In the right side picture, I observe Muslim priest and his disciples. In both the pictures the gurus are preaching their disciples.

Question 2.
What are they teaching?
Answer:

1. In the first picture Adi Shankara Charya preached equality of all humans.
2. In the second picture Sufi Saints emphasised on an egalitarian society based on Universal love.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the salient features of Bhakti movement?
Answer:
Salient features of Bhakti Movement:

1. Oneness of God.
2. One of the ways to Moksha is Bhakti.
3. Bhakti means to surrender to God.
4. Emphasized equality of all humans.
5. No discrimination of caste, creed, sect.
6. The Bhakti saints travelled to various places to speak about the path of Bhakti and preached in the local languages.

Question 2.
Who is Mira Bai? What was her contribution to the Bhakthi movement?
Answer:

1. Mira Bai was woman saint of the medieval times.
2. Mira became a devotee of Krishna right from her childhood.
3. Mira Bai’s contribution to the Bhakti movement was primarily in her music.
4. She wrote hundreds of songs and initiated a mode of singing the songs a raga.
5. About 200 400 songs are accepted by scholars as being written by Mirabai.
6. Mirabai wrote her songs in Rajasthani and Braj Bhasha languages, and they were translated into Hindi and Gujarathi.
7. Mirabai’s songs express her love and devotion to Krishna, almost always as Krishna’s wife.

Question 3.
What can the present society learn from the bhakthi movement and the sufi movement?
Answer:

1. The songs and the teachings of the Sufi and the Bhaki saints are relevant even today.
2. The two movements brought a new form of religious expression amongst Muslims and Hindus.
3. Worship, or singing bhajans, kirtans or qawwalis, or even repeating the name of God in silence, and noticed that some of them are moved to tears. Such intense devotion or love of God is the legacy of various kinds of bhakti and Sufi movements that have evolved even today.

Question 4.
Read the topic in page number 46 under the heading ‘Impact of bhakti movement onthe medieval Indian society’ and comment in your own words.
Answer:
Impact of the Bhakti Movement on the Medieval Indian Society :

1. The most important social impact of the Bhakti movement was that the followers of the Bhakti movement rejected caste discrimination.
2. This movement encouraged religious tolerance.
3. The bhakti saints preached religous tolerance and monotheism
4. A spirit of harmony developed among different sections of the society.
5. It tried to develop humanitarian attitude.

Iitipact of Sufi movement :

1. Sufis travelled all over the country to reach the poor and rural communities.
2. They preached in the local languages.
3. They lived a modest simple life.

Question 5.
Who was the founder of Sikhism and what were the main principles of Sikhism?
Answer:
Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikh religion.
Main Principles:

1. Truthful living,
2. Serving to humanity,
3. Uphold the values of honesty,
4. Compassion, generosity, humanity, integrity, servi-e and spirituality on a daily basis.

Question 6.
Write an essay appreciating the social services rendered by bhakti saints.
Answer:

1. The Bhakti movement empowered the underbelly of Indian society in fundamental ways and also provided the required impetus for the growth of vernacular literature.
2. This tradition of those deemed “low” singing and writing did not, however, end with
   the Bhakti movement comingling into the mainstream. ‘
3. They emphasized the virtues of love and devotion, brotherhood and equality etc. This helped to bring the two communities nearer.
4. It also helped to harmonise the conflicting interests. The saints of the Bhakti movement rejected the differences of caste system.

Question 7.
Decribe the prominent saints of South India.
Answer:
Prominent Saints of South India :
1. Ramanujacharya:
Ramanuja gave a philosophical basis to the teachings of Vaishnavism. His commentaries on the Brahma Sutras are popularly known as “Sri Bhasya”.

2. Nimbarka :
He was a younger contemporary of Ramanuja, who also rendered great service to the spread of Bhakti movement.

3. Madhwacharya :
Madhwacharya propagated Dvaita philosophy.
Madhwacharya divides the Universe into two parts.
i) Swatantra (independent being) and
ii) Aswatantra (dependent being).

4. Vallbhacharya :
He advocated a system of pure non-dualism devoid of the concept of Maya.

5. Basaveswara:
He popularised the Veerasaivism. His literary works are named Vachanas.

6. Adi Shankaracharya :
1) He preached Advaita Philosophy.
2) He established four Shakthi Peethas in all the four corners of India.

Question 8.
Write about Sufi saints and their teachings.
Answer:

1. The Sufi saints were always in meditation and they led a simple life.
2. They wore woollen clothes.

The main teachings of Sufism are ;

1. There is only one God.
2. All are children of God.
3. Devotional music is one of the ways to move nearer to God.
4. Sufi believes. Wahdat-ul-Wujud means worship for a single God.
5. Fasts and rituals are not essential to reach God.
6. Different religions are different ways to reach God.

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Who preached the Vishishtadvaitha philosophy?
a) Ramanuja
b) Sankaracharya
c) Ramananda
d) Kabir
Answer:
a) Ramanuja

2. Who of the following preached Saguna Bhakti?
a) Mira bai
b) Shankara Deva
c) Basaveswgra
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Mira bai

3. Who is the founder of Sikh religion?
a) Gurunanak
b) Sankaracharya
c) Ramananda
d) Akbar
Answer:
a) Gurunanak

4. What does it mean “oneness of god”?
a) Only one god
b) Belief in one god
c) Unity of god
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

5. In which century did the Bhakti movement begin?
a) 6^th CE
b) 7^th CE
c) 8^th CE
d) 9^th CE
Answer:
c) 8^th CE

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Alvars	a) Worshipping god with form
2. Hindu scripture	b) Worshiping of Vishnu
3. Saguna Bhakti	c) Worship of the divine as formless
4. Nirguna Bhakti	d) Nayanars
5. Shaiva	e) Ramayana, Bhagavadgita

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Alvars	b) Worshiping of Vishnu
2. Hindu scripture	e) Ramayana, Bhagavadgita
3. Saguna Bhakti	a) Worshipping god with form
4. Nirguna Bhakti	c) Worship of the divine as formless
5. Shaiva	d) Nayanars

7th Class Social 8th Lesson Bhakthi – Sufi InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 19

Question 1.
With the help of your teacher/parents collect some preachings of Adi Sankaracharya from your school library and discuss in classroom.
Answer:
The preachings of Adi Sankaracharya :

1. He taught that supreme Brahman in Nirguna (without the Gunas), Nirakara (formless), Nirvisesha (without attributes) and Akarta (non-agent).
2. Brahman is above all needs and desires.
3. Brahman is alone real,
4. This world is unreal,
5. and the jiva or the individual soul is non-different from Brahman.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 22

Question 2.
Collect the information regarding the holy texts Guru Grandh Sahib.
Answer:
The text consists of 1,430 angs (pages) and 5,894 sabads (line compositions), which are poetically rendered and set to a rhythmic ancient north Indian classical form of music.

The bulk of the scripture is divided into 31 main ragas, with each Granth raga subdivided according to length and author.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 25

Question 3.
List out the similarities in the preachings of Hindu and Islamic reformers.
Answer:
Similarities :

1. Both Islam and Hinduism are based on divine revelation and in essence both worship the Supreme being is generally ignored.
2. Both are followed the words of Prophets and Rishis.
3. Hinduism and Islam share some ritual practices such as fasting and pilgrimage.

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 21

Question 1.
Kabir said that “All are equal before God”? Do you agree with this statement? Mention your reasons.
Answer:
Yes, “I agree with the statement, because he preached a religion of love which aimed at promoting unity amongst all castes and creeds.

He was the first saint who tried to reconcile Hinduism and Islam.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 23

Question 2.
Namdev preached no need to follow rituals and elaborated process to worship god.Why did he say?
Answer:
According to Namdev we have to concentrate our mind on God to attain moksha.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 24

Question 3.
Bhakti inculcates honesty, kindness, love, service-mindedness, etc. Discuss
Answer:
Honesty, kindness, love, service mindedness are interconnnected with each other. Without these a soul cannot walk through the Bhakti Path.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 19

Question 1.
What are the contributions of Ramanujacharya to attain social equality?
Answer:
Sri Ramanujacharya is considered as the first Acharya, who devoted his entire life for the upliftment of the equality in the society.

He gave perfect commentaries to the Brahma Sutras and Upanishads and made a perfect bridge between different sections of society.

He established 74 authoritative acharyas to spread the message of equality across the world.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 20

Question 2.
Why did Ramananda oppose sectarianism? Know from your teacher.
Answer:
Ramananda perceived that there is only one God. Who is the origin of all, all the distinctions of caste and creed vanished for him and he saw humanity as one large family, and all men as brothers.
One man is higher than another, not through birth, but only through his love and sympathy.

Question 3.
Collect the information about Basaveswara from internet, discuss with your teacher.
Answer:

Basaveshwara, colloquially known as Basavanna, was a 12th-century CE

Indian statesman, philosopher, poet, social reformer and Lingayat saint in the Shiva-focussed bhakti movement, and a Hindu Shaivite social reformer during the reign of the Kalyani Chalukya/Kalachuri dynasty.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 22

Question 4.
Collect the names of ten Sikh gurus with the help of your teacher.
Answer:

1. Guru Nanak
2. GuruAngad
3. Guru Amardas
4. Guru Ramdas
5. Guru Arjan
6. Guru Hargobind
7. Guru Har Rai
8. Guru Har Krishan
9. Guru Tegh Bahadur
10. Guru Gobind Singh

Project Work

Collect the pictures of various Bhakthi and Sufi saints.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 5 Temperature and Its Measurement

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Temperature and Its Measurement

7th Class Science 5th Lesson Temperature and Its Measurement Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the different clothes we wear in different seasons?
Answer:

1. We wear woolen and dark coloured clothes during winter when it is cold outside.
2. Woolen and dark coloured clothes keep us warm.
   
3. We prefer to wear light coloured cotton clothes when it is hot.
4. They give us a feeling of coolness.
5. It is a wonder why a particular type of cloth is suitable for a particular season.

Question 2.
When rice is being cooked you observe the plate on the rice bowl jumps! Why is it happening?
Answer:
The heat energy converts water into steam and the pressure of steam throws away the lid.

Question 3.
Have you observed water boiling in a vessel with a lid on it? What do you notice? How can you establish that heat is a form of energy?
Answer:

1. We know that boiled water is being converted to water vapour.
2. The volume of the water vapour increases.
3. The increased volume of vapour tries to go out. In this process it tries to lift the lid up.
4. We need energy to lift any object. This energy comes from the heated water.
5. Water gets the energy from the heat of the fire. Thus heat is a form of energy:

Question 4.
What is heat?
Answer:

1. We feel hot when we sit in sunlight or near fire. We feel cold when we put a piece of ice on our palm.
2. We know that heat is a form of energy that is transferred from an object at higher temperature to one at lower temperature.
   
3. When we stand in the sun or near fire, heat energy enters our body and we feel hot. When ice is put on our palm, heat energy moves from our body to the piece of ice.
4. That’s why we feel cold.
5. “The energy which makes an object appear hot or cold is called heat.”.

Question 5.
What happens in the following?
a) Rub your palms together. How do you feel?
b) Have you ever observed that iron becomes hot when it is beaten with a hammer?
c) Take a soapnut seed. Rub it on a stone and touch it. How do you feel?
Answer:
In above cases mechanical energy is converted into heat energy.

Question 6.
Explain the terms ‘heat’ and ‘temperature’.
Answer:

1. If we stand close to fire, we feel warm.
2. When a warm object is placed close to a cooler object, heat energy moves from the warmer object to the cooler one until both objects attain the same temperature.
3. Often we think that heat and temperature are the same things. This is wrong.
4. Temperature is a measure of the heat energy in a body which indicates the ability of a body to give heat to another body or absorb heat from another body.
5. We use thermometers to measure temperature.

Question 7.
What are the properties of mercury?
Answer:
Properties of Mercury:

1. Its expansion is uniform. (For equal amounts of heat it expands by equal lengths.)
2. It is opaque and shining.
3. It does not stick to the sides of the glass tube.
4. It is a good conductor of heat.
5. It is easily available in pure state.

Question 8.
Write the properties of alcohol.
Answer:
Properties of Alcohol:

1. It can record very low temperatures.
2. Its expansion per degree Celsius rise in temperature is very large.
3. It can be coloured brightly and hence is easily visible.

Question 9.
Who first designed the thermometer? What do you know about it?
Answer:

1. First thermometer was invented by Galileo in 1593 AD.
   
2. In this thermometer air was used as the thermometric substance as air rapidly expands on heating and contracts on cooling.
3. Further, the substance that is used in the thermometer has uniform expansion or contraction with the rise or fall in temperature.

Question 10.
Do you find any difference in temperature of air in shadow and in the sun?

Measure temperature of air using a thermometer. What will you do to keep a thermometer in close contact with air?
Answer:

1. The temperature of air will be more as it receives heat directly from the sun and from reflected radiations.
2. The temperature in the shadow will be relatively less as only reflected radiant heat reaches there.

Question 11.
Is there any difference in temperature with variation of time or place?
Answer:
There is difference in temperature with variation of time or place.

Question 12.
Why do you use an umbrella in the hot sun during summer?
Answer:
To avoid direct heat radiations from the sun.

Question 13.
Write a note on the variations of temperature on different occasions and at different places over the globe?
Answer:

1. In Lybia (Africa) on a particular day in the year 1922, it became so hot that the temperature of air even in shade was as high as 58 °C.
2. At some places (Rentachintala of Guntur District) in Andhra Pradesh, the maximum temperature of air sometimes reaches 48 °C and more.
3. When it is so hot we feel extremely uncomfortable as the normal temperature of the human body is 37 °C.
4. The lowest temperature in the world has been measured in Antarctica where it once went down to about -89 °C.
5. The minus sign is used for temperature which is less than 0 °C. Water freezes at 0 °C, just think how cold -89 °C must be.
6. In winter when the atmospheric temperature around us becomes 15 °C – 20 °C we begin to feel cold.

Question 14.
What is a clinical thermometer ? Describe its construction.
Answer:

1. Thermometer which is used to find out the temperature of our bodies is called Clinical Thermometer.
   If we observe Thermometer carefully. There are two types of scales marked on the clinical thermometer one that starts with 35 degrees and ends at 45 degrees is Celsius scale. While the other that starts with 95 degrees and ends at 110 degrees is the Fahrenheit scale.
2. We see a kink in the capillary near the bulb.
   
3. This kink prevents Mercury level from falling on its own.

Question 15.
What is the value of one division on the fahrenheit scale on thermometer?
Answer:

1. Note the temperature difference indicated between the two bigger marks.
2. Also note down the number of divisions between these marks.
   
3. Suppose two consecutive bigger marks differ by one degree and there are five divisions between them.
4. Then one small division reads
   1/5 = 0.2 °F

Question 16.
Describe how do we use a clinical thermometer.
Answer:

1. We should wash the thermometer preferably with an antiseptic solution.
2. Holding it firmly by the end and give it a few jerks. These jerks will bring the level of mercury down. Ensure that it falls below 35 °C (95 °F).
3. Now we should plape the thermometer under our tongue or arm pit.
4. After one minute, we have to take the thermometer out and note the reading. It tells our body temperature.

Question 17.
How can you decide whether one has fever or not?
Answer:
The normal temperature of human body is 37°C (98.6°F). If one has body more than 98.6°F can consider as fever.

Question 18.
Write a note on a) Thermister thermometer and b) Digital thermometer.
Answer:
a) Thermister thermometer:
It is available in market to measure the human body tempera¬tures, particularly for infants and children.

b) Digital thermometer:

1. There is a lot.of concern over the use of Mercury in thermometer.
   
2. Mercury is a toxic substance and is very difficult to dispose of if a thermometer breaks.
3. These days digital thermometers are also available which do not use Mercury.

Question 19.
What precautions are suggested in using a clinical thermometer?
Answer:

1. We are advised not to use a clinical thermometer for measuring the temperature of any object other than human body.
   
2. Also we are advised to avoid keeping it in the sun or near a flame.

Question 20.
Measure the temperature of a person with clinical and digital thermometers.
Are the temperature readings same or different? Explain your observations.
Answer:
The temperature readings in both clinical and digital thermometers are the same.

Question 21.
What is value of one small division on the Celsius scale?
Answer:
Reading the Celsius scale on thermometer.

1. Temperature difference is indicated between two bigger marks.
2. Between these two bigger marks divisions are there.
   
3. Suppose two consecutive bigger marks differ by one degree and there are 10 divisions between them then one small division reads
   1/10 = 0.1°C
   ∴ The value of one small division on the Celsius scale is 0.1 °C.

Question 22.
How do you measure the temperature of other objects?
Answer:

1. To measure the temperature of other objects there are other thermometers.
2. One such thermometer is known as the laboratory thermometer used to measure temperature of water.
3. Six’s maximum and minimum therometer is used to measure maximum and minimum temperatures of a day.

Question 23.
Can you make use of laboratory thermometer like a clinical thermometer?
Answer:

1. We should take some hot water in a beaker, dip thermometer in it for one minute.
2. Record the temperature while the thermometer is in water.
   
3. Take out the thermometer from water. Observed the mercury thread carefully.
4. As there is no kink in the laboratory thermometer mercury falls down in the glass tube of its own when taken out of the water. So we cannot use a laboratory thermometer like a clinical thermometer.

Question 24.
Measure the temperature of different students by touching them and noting in the clinical thermometer.
Make sure that you have cleaned the thermometer before each measurement.

Compare the values in the table after completion of recording.
a) What do you observe in the table?
b) Are the estimated temperature and measured temperature same?
c) Is the body temperature of every person 37 °C (98.6 °F)?
d) What is the average body temperature of your friends?
The average body temperature of a large number of healthy persons is known as normal temperature (98.6 °F).
Answer:
The student is advised to do this work as a project work.

Question 25.
Some of the objects are given in the table. Mark these objects as hot or cold. What is your conclusion?

Answer:

1. We see that some objects are cold and some are hot.
2. We also know that some objects are hotter than others while some are colder than
   others.
3. To decide which object is hotter than the other, and which object is colder than the other.
4. We need a reliable method to decide the hotness/coldness of an object.
5. Generally, hotness or coldness is expressed in terms of temperature.
6. Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.

Question 26.
How can find out the hotness or coldness of a substance by touch? Explain.
Answer:

1. By touching with our hands, we can guess whether a cup of milk is still worth sipping or has become too cold, whether milk is hot enough for making curds etc.
2. But estimating temperature with our hands can, sometimes mislead or confuse us.
3. Take some cold water, luke-warm water and hot water in three different vessels.
   
4. Immerse your left hand in the cold wa¬ter vessel and right hand in hot water vessel simultaneously. Wait for two or three minutes.
5. Take off both your hands and dip them in the luke-warm water vessel.
6. Though both hands are in the same glass of water, one hand feels it cold and the other feels it hot! Look how our hands are confused!
7. We can not exactly decide the hotness/coldness of a substance just by touching it?. It is not possible to guess the hotness of a substance only on the basis of feel/touch.
8. It is certain that water in different tubs has different degrees of hotness which can¬not be exactly determined simply by touching.

Question 27.
How do we establish by experiment that liquids expand due to heat?
Answer:

1. We should take a flat bottom flask and fill it with coloured water.
2. Fix a cork, having a capillary tube, in the mouth of flask such that level of water is as shown (fig).
   
3. We should place the flask in a metal trough.
4. We should pour boiling hot water into the trough and carefully observe the level of coloured water. The level rises.
5. If we take the flask out of the trough and keep it outside for some time, the level of coloured water decreases.
6. In the above activity we see that water expands on heating and contracts on cooling.

Question 28.
Record your observations in the following.

Answer:
Do the above observation independently.

Question 29.
Did you ever bathe with cold water during winter? What happens?
Answer:

1. I have taken bathe with cold water during winter.
2. My body shivered with chill.

Question 29.
What do you do to protect yourself from cold?
Answer:

1. I wear woolen and dark coloured clothes to protect myself from cold.
2. I will cover my body with a blanket to protect myself from cold in the night.

Question 30.
How do you get hot water in winter?
Answer:
By heating water, I get hot water in winter.

Question 31.
Generally we heat water to get hot water. How do you heat water? What sources do you use?
Answer:
By converting electrical energy, chemical energy and mechanical energy into heat we heat water. We use electric heaters, gas stoves and solar heaters to heat water.

Question 32.
Give examples of conversion of energy from one form to another.
Answer:

1. Different kinds of energies can be converted to heat.
2. In the same way heat energy can be converted to other forms of energy.
3. We have heard that in a thermal power station, heat energy is converted to electrical energy.
4. In a steam engine, heat energy is converted to mechanical energy which helps in moving the engine.
5. In electrical heater electrical energy, in gas stove chemical energy and in solar heaters solar energy are converted to heat.

Question 33.
What are the liquids used as thermometer liquids?
Answer:

1. Mercury is used as liquid for indicating temperature in thermometers.
2. Apart from Mercury we also use alcohol as thermometer liquid.

Question 34.
Describe the construction of a thermometer with a neat diagram.
Answer:

1. At one end of the tube we observe a bulb. It is filled with Mercury.
2. The other end of the tube is sealed after removing air from it.
   
3. We find a scale which is marked to express temperature in degree Celsius.
4. We read the temperature with the help of these markings.
5. The readings range from 0° to 100°
6. This arrangement of the marks is called scale of temperature.
7. All thermometers are based on the fact that matter expands on heating.

Question 35.
Draw a neat diagram of Six’s maximum and minimum thermometer. What is its importance.
Answer:
1) The maximum (highest) and minimum (lowest) temperatures of a day are measured by a thermometer called the Six’s maximum-minimum thermometer.

Question 36.
How do you use a thermometer? Write an example.
Answer:

1. To find the temperature of an object, the bulb of the thermometer needs to be in close contact with that object.
2. Watch the shiny line of mercury in the tube. .
3. The highest point on the scale, at which the rise of mercury stops, shows the temperature of the object.
4. Example: To find the temperature of your palm, place the bulb of thermometer in contact with palm for two minutes and see the mercury rise.
5. When mercury stops rising and its level becomes steady, note the position of its upper end.
6. This is the temperature of your palm.

Question 37.
If markings on thermometer are wiped out, how do we create new markings?
Answer:

1. Take some ice in a beaker. Immerse a thermometer in ice for two minutes. Mark the Mercury level. Now let the ice melt.
2. The level of Mercury remains same while ice melts. This means that temperature is constant.
3. This constant temperature at which ice melts is called melting point of ice and mark it 0 °C.
4. Take some water in a beaker. Immerse the thermometer in it and start heating the water. It will start boiling while getting converted into steam.
5. Mercury level starts rising and reaches a point beyond which it doesn’t rise. Mark the level of mercury at this point.
6. Observe the constant level at which Mercury stays while water is boiling, this constant temperature is called boiling point of water. We mark the level of mercury at this point as 100 °C.
7. Thus temperature at which ice melts or water boils is constant. These values are fixed as 0 °C and 100 °C respectively. Like water, all substances in pure form melt and boil at certain fixed temperatures.
8. To create a scale, we need two fixed points. Let us choose the melting point (0 °C) and boiling point (100 °C) as two fixed points for the scale of thermometer. Now divide the distance between these two points on the thermometer into 100 equal parts.
9. Each of the 100 equal parts represents 1 °C. We further divide 1 °C into 10 small divisions. It can be read as 1/10 = 0.1 °C.

Question 38.
Feel the body temperature of some of your friends by placing your hand on their forehead. Estimate the temperature and record it in the table.

Answer:
The student is advised to do this with the help of the teacher.

Question 39.
How do you note the temperature of water taken in a beaker?
Answer:

1. Take some tap water in a beaker.
2. Dip the thermometer in water so that the bulb is immersed in water but does not touch the bottom or side of the beaker.
3. Hold thermometer vertically, wait till the mercury thread becomes steady.
4. Note the reading. That is the temperature of water at that time.

Question 40.
Observe the diagram and answer the following questions.

1. What is the aim of the experiment?
2. Write down the apparatus required.
3. What are your observations?
4. Where do you find this type of phenomenon in your daily life?

Answer:

1. Liquids expand on heating.
2. A flat bottom flask, cork, coloured water, metal trough, boiling hot water.
3. Water expands on heating and the level in coloured water is increased.
4. We can observe this phenomenon in the thermometer in our day to day life.

Question 41.
Read the paragraph and answer the following questions:
Heat is a type of Energy. It is transferred from hot object to cold object. We know the hotness and coolness of an object due to the transformation of energy. It is called “Heat”. If you want to heat the water with electric heater, Electric Energy is turned into Heat Energy. If you heat the water on gas stove, Chemical Energy is turned into Heat Energy.
i) What is Heat?
ii) How is heat transferred from one object to other?
iii) Which equipment is used to turn Electric Energy into Heat Energy?
iv) When we heat water on the gas stove, which energy is turned into Heat Energy?
Answer:
i) It is a form of energy. The energy which makes an object appear hot or cold is called heat.
ii) Heat flows from an object at high temperature to another at lower temperature.
iii) Electric heater.
iv) Chemical energy.

Question 42.
What questions would you ask the doctor to clarify your doubts on the usage of the thermometer?
Answer:

1. Why do we use thermometer in our daily life?
2. Why is mercury used in thermometers?
3. How do we measure the temperature in thermometer?
4. How many types of scales are marked on the thermometer?

Question 43.
Read the paragraph given below and answer the following questions.
Temperature is a measure of the heat energy in a body. We use thermometers to measure temperature. Mercury is a good conductor of heat and is a liquid at room
temperature. It is used in most thermometers. In some thermometers, alcohol is used. Alcohol can record very, low temperatures.
i) What is temperature?
ii) Name the device used to measure the temperature.
iii) Name the liquid used commonly in the thermometers.
iv) Name the liquid used in thermometers to measure low temperature.
Answer:
i) Temperature is a measure of heat energy in a body.
ii) The device used to measure temperature is thermometer.
iii) Mercury is the liquid used in thermometers.
iv) Alcohol is used in thermometers to measure low temperature.

Question 44.
Observe the table and answer the following questions.

Day	Date	Maximum Temperature
1	01.01.2019	30°C
2	02.01.2019	32°C
3	01.04.2019	35°C
4	02.05.2019	39°C
5	15.05.2019	42°C

i) Name the month and date when the minimum temperature was recorded.
ii) On which date was the maximum temperature recorded?
iii) Between which two consecutive months, the difference in temperature was the highest?
iv) In which month people could most likely have used air-conditioner to get relief from heat?
Answer:
i) 1st January, 2019.
ii) 15th May, 2019
iii) April and May
iv) In May month

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 3rd Lesson Learning Through Maps Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 3rd Lesson Questions and Answers Learning Through Maps

7th Class Social 3rd Lesson Learning Through Maps Textbook Questions and Answers

review of your previous knowledge:

Observe the given map and respond.

Question 1.
What do you notice in the map?
Answer:
I noticed on the above map Route is drawn between Vijayawada to New Delhi.

And I noticed Different means of transport from Vijayawada to Delhi and the timings also mentioned. .

Through air way, time taken from Delhi to Vijayawada is 2 hrs. 20 min.

Through road way, time taken by car-30 hrs. and through railway, 1 day 2 hrs. time taken.

Question 2.
What does the blue mark (dotted line) in the map indicate?
Answer:
The dotted line in the map indicates train route.

Question 3.
Name the neighbouring countries of India.
Answer:
Neighbouring countries of India are

1. East – Mynmar, Bangladesh
2. North – China, Nepal, Bhutan
3. North – West – Pakistan, Afghanistan
4. South -Srilanka
5. South – West – Maldives

Question 4.
Can you name any two states in the given route?
Answer:
Two states

1. Uttar Pradesh,
2. Andhra Pradesh.

Question 5.
What are the different means of transportation shown in the map?
Answer:
Roadway, Railway & Airways are shown on the map.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How do you identify the direction in the map?
Answer:

N – North, E – East, S – South, W – West, N.E – North East, S.E – South East, N.W – North West, S.W – South West.

Generally, maps are prepared showing the North direction on the top of the map. The direction can be noticed with the help of an arrow on the right top gcorner.

Question 2.
Scale in map helps to study a place. Discuss.
Answer:
Scale : It resembles the ratio of corresponding distance in map to actual distance.

Map scale helps us to study a place with the help of verbal scale – 1 cm = 10 kms, Graphical Scale and Represention function Ex : 1′ = 10,000′

Question 3.
What are the items you need to study a physical map?
Answer:
We need scale, directions, symbols, and colours are need to study a physical map.

Question 4.
Describe the location of India.
Answer:
Location of India :

1. India is located in the northern hemisphere.
2. The main land of India extends between latitudes 8°4’to 37° 6′ N and logitudes between 68° 7’to 97° 25° E.
3. The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N) passes almost through the middle of the country.
4. Apart from the mainland, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep are also parts of India.

Question 5.
Prepare the list of countries in Asian Continent with the help of Atlas.
Answer:
50 countries are there in Asia.

1) India	2) China	3) Indonesia
4) Japan	5) Srilanka	6) Pakistan
7) Bangladesh	8) Iran	9) Phillippines
10) Vietnam	11) Turkey	12) Thailand ,
13) Taiwan	14) Mynmar	15) South Korea
16) Iraq	17) Afghanistan	18) Saudi Arabia
19) Uzbekistan	20) Malaysia	21) Yemen
22) Nepal	23) Bhutan	24) Brunei
25) Maldives	26) Cyprus	27) Timorleste
28) Bahrian	29) Qatar	30) Armenia
31) Mangolia	32) Georgia	33) Kuwait
34) State of Palestine	35) Oman	36) Singapore
37) Turkmenistan	38) Kyrgyzstan	39) Lebanon
40) Laos	41) Israel	42) Tajikistan
43) UAE	44) Azerbaijan	45) Jordan
46) Combodia	47) Syria	48) Kazakistan
49) North Korea	50) Russia.

Question 6.
What are the boundaries of India?
Answer:
Boundaries of India are :

1. North – Himalayan Ocean
2. South – Indian Ocean
3. East – Bay of Bengal
4. West – Arabian Sea

Question 7.
Prepare the rough grid of India.
Answer:

Question 8.
Locate the following in outline map of India.
a) Chennai
b) Delhi
c) Vijayawada
d) Visakhapatnam
Answer:

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Find the correct sentence.
a) River Ganga originates in the Himalayas.
b) River Cauvery flows in West Bengal.
c) River Krishna drains into Arabian sea.
d) River Penna flows in Maharashtra.
Answer:
a) River Ganga originates in the Himalayas.

2. India lies in Eastern hemisphere between the longitudes of:
a) 14°27′ to 19°07′
b) 77° to 84°40′
c) 68°07′ to 97°25′
d) 8°4′ to 37°06′
Answer:
c) 68°07′ to 97°25′

3. Identify the odd one regarding the location of rivers.
a) Krishna
b) Penna
c) Brahmaputra
d) Cauvery
Answer:
c) Brahmaputra

4. a) Kerala is on west coast.
b) Arunachal Pradesh has border with Pakistan.
Note : Answer with the help of above information
a) ‘a’ is true; ‘b’ is false.
b) ‘a’ is false; ‘b’ is true
c) Both’a’and’b’are false.
d) Both of them are true.
Answer:
a) ‘a’ is true; ‘b’ is false.

5. Identify mismatched pair.
a) Chennai-Tamil Nadu
b) Bhopal – Gujarat
c) Jaipur – Rajasthan
d) Thiruvananthapuram – Kerala
Answer:
b) Bhopal – Gujarat

7th Class Social 3rd Lesson Learning Through Maps InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 35

Question 1.
Identify the elements of the map and write their names in map.

Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 36

Question 2.
Name the cardinal and intermediate directions in the adjacent image.

Answer:
1) Cardinal directions : 1) North, East, West, South
2) Intermediate directions : 1 – North East, North West, South East, South West.

Question 3.
If you want to travel from Bengaluru to Itanagar, from which direction you have to travel?
Answer:
We should start from South-West direction Bengaluru and travel to North-East direction to reach itanagar.

Question 4.
Fill up the given table based on the scale given in the map – 3.2 (India States and Capitals).

Places : From – To	Distance in the above map	Actual Distance
Chennai to Hyderabad	3 cm
Mumbai to Bhuvaneswar	5 cm
Panaji to Thiruvananthapuram	2.5 cm
Gandhinagar to Jaipur	3 cm
Kolkata to Ranchi		3000 km
New Delhi to Kohima		2200 km

Answer:

Places : From – To	Distance in the above map	Actual Distance
Chennai to Hyderabad	3 cm	600 kms
Mumbai to Bhuvaneswar	5 cm	1000 kms
Panaji to Thiruvananthapuram	2.5 cm	500 kms
Gandhinagar to Jaipur	2 cm	400 kms
Kolkata to Ranchi	15 cm	3000 kms
New Delhi to Kohima	11 cm	2200 kms

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 38

Question 5.
Prepare a Map of Andhra Pradesh by using the elements discussed in the Index of the map.


Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 40

Question 6.
Fill up the following table with the help of the India Political map that shares land frontier.

Answer:

S.No.	Neighbouring Country	States that share borders with
1.	Pakistan	Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Srinagar, Ladakh
2.	Nepal	Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim
3.	Bhutan	Sikkim, West Bengal, Assom, Arunachal Pradesh
4.	Bangladesh	West Bengal, Assom, Meghalaya, Tripura
5.	Myanmar	Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh
6.	China	Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh

Question 7.
Prepare the list of States and Union Territories; write their capitals.
Answer:

State	Capital
1. Andhra Pradesh	Amaravati
2. Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar
3. Assom	Dispur
4. Himachal Pradesh	Shimla
5. Haryana	Chandigarh
6. Punjab	Chandigarh
7. Uttarakhand	Dehradun
8. Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow
9. Bihar	Patna
10. Sikkim	Gangtok
11. Nagaland	Kohima
12. Manipur	Imphal
13. Mizoram	Aizwal
14. Meghalaya	Shillong
15. Tripura	Agartala
16. West Bengal	Kolkata
17. Jarkhand	Ranchi
18. Chhattisgarh	Rayapur
19. Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal
20. Gujarath	Gandhi Nagar
21. Rajasthan	Jaipur
22. Maharashta	Mumbai
23. Goa	Panaji
24. Karnataka	Bengaluru
25. Kerala	Tiruvanantapuram
26. Tamil Nadu	Chennai
27. Orissa	Bhuvaneswar
28. Telangana	Hyderabad

Complete list of 8 Union Territories :

Union Territories	Capital
1. Andaman and Nicobar Island	Portblair
2. Chandigarh	Chandigarh
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu	Daman
4. Delhi	Delhi
5. Ladakh	Leh
6. Lakshadweep	Kavaratti
7. Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar and Jammu
8. Puducherry	Pondicherry

Question 8.
Take an outline map of India, draw the boundaries of states and loc te their capitals.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 42

Question 9.
Prepare the list of Continents and a few important countries in each continent based on map – 3.5.

Answer:

Continent	Important Countries
1. North America	Alaska, Canada, U.S.A, Mexico etc.
2. South America	Columbia, Equator, Peru, Venezula, Brazil, Chile, Argentina etc.
3. Africa	Egypt, Libya, Algeria, South Africa, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Congo, Angola, Ghana etc
4. Europe	England, France, Portugal, Poland, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Russia, etc.
5. Asia	India, China, Vietnam, Japan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Korea, Malaysia etc.
6. Australia	Indonesia
7. Antarctica	No Countries.

Question 10.
Name the continents through which the Equator runs.
Answer:
1 – South America
2 – Africa
3 – Asia

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 43

Question 11.
Prepare a raised relief map with the guidance of your teacher.
Answer:

Question 12.
Fill up the following mind map with the help of the India- physical map (map-3.6) See Text Page: 42.


Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 45

Question 13.
Based on map 3.7 prepare a table with the distribution of soils. (Consider the type of soil and respective districts).

Answer:

Soil Name	Districts / Distributed Area
1. Sandy coastal soil	Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam East Godavari and Nellore district
2. Red soil	Vijayanagaram, Visakhapatnam, Guntur, Prakasam, Nellore, Chittoor, Kurnool
3. Rocky Hilly Soils	East Godavari, West Godavari
4. Black soils	East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Kurnool, Anantapur

Question 14.
Take an Andhra Pradesh map and prepare a Thematic map (Andhra Pradesh-Population Density Map) with the help of the given data.

Answer:
Note – Write the figures in the concerned districts of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 15.
Prepare a table with edicts of Ashoka and their location in the present states based on map 3.9. See Text Page – 45

Answer:

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 36

Question 1.
What is the use of scale in a map?
Answer:
Use of Scale :
Scale : The relationship between the real world size of a geographic features and its representative feature on a map, is known as scale.

1. The map scale is used to measure the distance of actual.ground represented by the map.
2. Scale help in calculating the area on the map.
3. The scale Is used in map enlargement and reduction.

7th Class Social Textbook Page-Mo. 37

Question 2.
Why do we use symbols in a map?
Answer:
It is not possible to draw a map in the actual shape and size with different features such as buildings, roads, rivers, bridges, trees, railway lines, etc.

So they are shown by using certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and linds. These symbols give a lot of information and help in reading maps. These symbols are called conventional symbols.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 39

Question 3.
Name the types of maps.
Answer:
Maps are classified into 4 types.

1. Political maps
2. Physical maps
3. Thematic maps and
4. Historical maps

Question 4.
What do they (maps) denote?
Answer:
The maps explains the administrative units, physical features, population density, soils, minerals, inscriptions and architecture of India.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 40

Question 5.
Observe the given political map (Map-3.4)
Answer:

Question 6.
Name the state closest to equator.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu & Kerala both are closest to equator.

Question 7.
What is Tropic of Cancer?
Answer:

1. Tropic of Cancer is at 23°30′ North latitude.
2. It divides the India into two equal halves:

Question 8.
Name the states through which the Tropic of Cancer runs.
Answer:
Tropic of Cancer passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jarkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram states.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 43

Question 9.
The rivers originated in Western Ghats flow towards east and join Bay of Bengal. Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:

1. The rivers which are originated in Western Ghats originates at eastern side of the Western ghats in South India.
2. As rivers cannot claim up, they flow towards slanting side.
3. They flow through the Deccan Plateau which slopes towards east.
4. Hence, the rivers flow towards east and join the Bay of Bengal.

Question 10.
Classify the rivers based on the seas they join. Name these rivers.
Answer:
Rivers are classified into two groups based on the seas they join.

1. West flowing rivers.
2. East flowing rivers.

River Name	Sea
1. Ganga	Bay of Bengal	East flowing rivers
2. Brahmaputra	Bay of Bengal
3. Mahanadi	Bay of Bengal
4. Krishna	Bay of Bengal
5. Godavari	Bay of Bengal
6. Penna	Bay of Bengal
7. Kaveri	Bay of Bengal
1. Indus	Arabian sea	West flowing rivers
2. Narmada	Arabian sea
3. Tapiti	Arabina sea

Question 11.
Mention land forms of Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
The Andhra Pradesh state has three main physiographic regions.
1. Mountains 2. Plains 3. Plateau

1. The coastal plain tothe east extending from the Bay of Bengal to the mountain ranges.
2. The mountain ranges themselves, the Eastern Ghats, which form the western flank of the coastal plain.
3. In the South west, the plateau to the west of the ghats.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 37

Question 1.
Explore more conventional symbols used by the Survey of India in the preparation of a map with the help of Atlas or through internet.
Answer:
Conventional Symbols :

1. It is not possible to draw a map in the actual shape and size.
2. Different features on the map shows with different symbols. Those are

1) Buildings	2) Roads	3) Bridges
4) Trees	5) Railway lines	6) Broad gauge railway
7) Meter guage railway	8) River	9) Well
10) Tank	11) Temple	12) Church
13) Mosque	14) Post office	15) Police station
16) Kutcha road	17) Mountain peak	18) Grave

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 40

Question 2.
Explore the location of Andhra Pradesh with the help of Atlas.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh lies between 12°41′ and 19°.07′ N latitudes. 77° and 84°.40′ E longitude.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 43

Question 3.
With the help of the Atlas explore about extension of various mountain ranges and the highest peaks in those respective ranges.
Answer:

Mountain Range	Peaks
1. Himalayas	Mt. Everest (Nepal), Kanchanajunga (India)
2. Karakoram	Mt – K2
3. Aravallis	Gurushikhar
4. Western Ghats	Anaimudi
5. Eastern Ghats	Aroyakonda
6. Nilgiris	Dodabetta
7. Satpura Range	Dhupgarh
8. Vindhya Range	Sadbhavna Shikhar
9. Purvanchal Range	Mt Dapha

Question 4.
Explore physical features of India with the help of the Atlas or go through the internet.
Answer:
The major physiographic divisions of India are :

1. The Greater Himalayas
2. The Northern plains
3. The Great Indian desert
4. The Peninsular plateau
5. The Eastern and Western coastal plains and
6. The Island group ‘

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 46

Question 5.
Use the books in the library and the Atlas to explore various maps of dynasties related to ancient and medieval India.
Answer:

Project Work

Prepare a self-made Atlas by using tracing technic for different continents and political map of India, Andhria Pradesh and your district.
Answer:
1. Children need to prepare their own Atlas (Student Activity).
1.

2.

3.

 

Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 7th Class Social Studies Study Material Guide Pdf free download, AP Board 7th Class Social Studies Textbook Solutions in English Medium and Telugu Medium are part of AP Board 7th Class Textbook Solutions.

Students can also go through AP Board 7th Class Social Notes to understand and remember the concepts easily. Students can also read AP 7th Class Social Important Questions for exam preparation.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Studies Guide Study Material Pdf Free Download

7th Class Telugu Study Material Andhra Pradesh Pdf | 7th Class Social Studies Guide Pdf

AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf English Medium New Syllabus

7th Class Telugu Study Material Sem 1

• 1st Lesson The Universe and The Earth
• 2nd Lesson Forests
• 3rd Lesson Learning Through Maps
• 4th Lesson Delhi Sultanate
• 5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom
• 6th Lesson Vijayanagara Empire

7th Class Social Studies Guide Pdf Sem 2

• 7th Lesson Mughal Empire
• 8th Lesson Bhakthi – Sufi
• 9th Lesson Indian Constitution – An Introduction
• 10th Lesson State Government
• 11th Lesson Road Safety Education
• 12th Lesson Markets Around Us
• 13th Lesson Women Change the World

AP 7th Class Social Studies Guide Telugu Medium

7th Class Social Guide Pdf Sem 1

• Chapter 1 విశ్వం మరియు భూమి
• Chapter 2 అడవులు
• Chapter 3 పటాల ద్వారా అధ్యయనం
• Chapter 4 ఢిల్లీ సుల్తానులు
• Chapter 5 కాకతీయ రాజ్యం
• Chapter 6 విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యం

AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf Sem 2

• Chapter 7 మొఘల్ సామ్రాజ్యం
• Chapter 8 భక్తి – సూఫీ
• Chapter 9 భారత రాజ్యాంగం – పరిచయం
• Chapter 10 రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వం
• Chapter 11 రహదారి భద్రత
• Chapter 12 మన పరిసరాలలో ఉన్న మార్కెట్లు
• Chapter 13 ప్రపంచ పరివర్తనలో మహిళలు

AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf English Medium (Old Syllabus)

• Chapter 1 Reading Maps of Different Kinds
• Chapter 2 Rain and Rivers
• Chapter 3 Tanks and Ground Water
• Chapter 4 Oceans and Fishing
• Chapter 5 Europe
• Chapter 6 Africa
• Chapter 7 Handicrafts and Handlooms
• Chapter 8 Industrial Revolution
• Chapter 9 Production in a Factory – A Paper Mill
• Chapter 10 Importance of Transport System
• Chapter 11 New Kings and Kingdoms
• Chapter 12 The Kakatiyas – Emergence of the Regional Kingdom
• Chapter 13 The Kings of Vijayanagara
• Chapter 14 Mughal Empire
• Chapter 15 Establishment of the British Empire in India
• Chapter 16 Making of Laws in the State Assembly
• Chapter 17 Implementation of Laws in the District
• Chapter 18 Caste Discrimination and the Struggle for Equality
• Chapter 19 Livelihood and Struggles of Urban Workers
• Chapter 20 Folk Religion
• Chapter 21 Devotional Paths to the Divine
• Chapter 22 Rulers and Buildings

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 1st Lesson The Universe and The Earth Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 1st Lesson Questions and Answers The Universe and The Earth

7th Class Social 1st Lesson The Universe and The Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What things do you observe from the picture?
Answer:
Things I observed in the above picture are, the Sun, Stars, the Moon, Planets, Galaxies, etc.

Question 2.
Which among them appear during the day, and which things appear during the night?
Answer:
The Sun is the only thing that appears during the day.
The Moon and stars appears during the night.

Question 3.
What do we call all these objects collectively?
Answer:
Collectively these objects are called Solar System.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you know about the Universe?
Answer:
The Universe is a vast space that contains many unimaginable elements.

It includes the Sun, Planets, the Milky way Galaxy and all the other Galaxies. Nobody knows how big the Universe is.

The range of the Universe is infinite. The Universe is everything we can touch, feel, sense measure or detect. It includes stars, clouds, light, time and living things etc.

Question 2.
What do you mean by natural environment?
Answer:
The Natural environment is comprising of (and, water, air, living organisms like plants and animals. It consists of both biotic (plants and animals) and abiotic (land) conditions that exist on the earth.

The biosphere is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water, and air interact with each other to support life.

Question 3.
“Natural environment is different from the Man- made” Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the above statement by the following.

Natural environment refers to the natural biotic and abiotic components of the environment. They are naturally occurring. For example : Pond, lake, grassland, etc.

Our surroundings ‘which are made by the human beings are called man-made environment. For example : Buildings, factories, parks, roads, bridges, projects, and monuments, etc.

Justify : The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species. ,

Human environment is developed from the natural environment with the adaptation of human beings to their surroundings.

Question 4.
Prepare any two slogans on the protection of environment.
Answer:
Go green and eliminate the global warming.
Save the nature to save the future.
Save environment, save life.
Natural environment is everything for healthy life, we should maintain it.

Question 5.
Write a list of different plants and animals that depend on each other.
Answer:

1. Plants depend on bees and insects for pollination, while the pollinators need the nectar from the flowers.
2. After the flowers have been pollinated, they can turn into berries, which are then eaten by animals like bears, ptarmigan, fox, and the people.
3. Animals breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Plant use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis and exhale oxygen for animals to breathe.
4. Forest and wetlands filter water and provide clean water for plants and animals.
5. Some animals eat plants and animals when plants and animals die, they decompose and provide nutrients in the soil for plants.

Question 6.
Composition of atmosphere is getting changes now. Give reasons.
Answer:
Changes in atmosphere :

1. Carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect by trapping the heat radiated from the earth.
2. When greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere increases due to factory smoke or car fumes, the heat retained increases the temperature of the earth. This is called global warming.
3. Rise in temperature on the earth surface causes the snow in coldest parts of the world to melt.
4. As a result the sea level rises, causing floods in the,coastal areas.

Reasons:

1. Deforestation
2. Excessive usage of natural resources.
3. Burning of fossil fuels.
4. Usage of inorganic fertilizers, chemicals, and pesticides.
5. Usage of motor vehicles.
6. Usage of refrigerators and air conditioners etc.

Question 7.
Prepare any two slogans on the protection of minerals that are available in the Lithosphere.
Answer:
R3 – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
Use the minerals in a planned way.
Technology should be improved to use the low grade ores profitably.
Substitute in order to save minerals should be encouraged.

Save minerals – live in better future.
Wastage in process of mining and processing has to be reduced to minimum.

II. Choose the correct answers.

1. The following is not a component of human environment.
a) Factory
b) Religion
c) Community
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Factory

2. Find out the odd one.
a) Plains
b) Road
c) Valley
d) River
Answer:
b) Road

3. This is a threat to environment.
a) Growing plants
b) Growing crops
c) Increasing vehicles
d) All
Answer:
c) Increasing vehicles

4. Which is the second layer of the interior of the Earth?
a) Mantle
b) Inner Core
c) Outer Core
d) Crust
Answer:
a) Mantle

5. Which theory is related to Origin of the Universe?
a) Geocentric
b) Heliocentric
c) Big Bang
d) All the above
Answer:
c) Big Bang

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Lithosphere	A) Natural domain of water
2. Biosphere	B) Air which surrounds the Earth
3. Core	C) Narrow zone where land water and air interact
4. Hydrosphere	D) Rocky layer of the Earth.
5. Atmosphere	E) Deep interior part of the Earth

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Lithosphere	D) Rocky layer of the Earth.
2. Biosphere	C) Narrow zone where land water and air interact
3. Core	E) Deep interior part of the Earth
4. Hydrosphere	A) Natural domain of water
5. Atmosphere	B) Air which surrounds the Earth

IV. Fill up the following table.

Word	Origin (word) and meaning	Origin (language)
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Environment

Answer:

Word	Origin (word) and meaning	Origin (language)
Biosphere	Bios – Life – Sphaira-ball	Greek
Lithosphere	Litho – Stone – Sphaira-ball	Greek
Hydrosphere	Hydor – Water – Sphaira-ball	Greek
Atmosphere	Atmos – Vapour – Sphaira-ball	Greek
Environment	Environer – Neighbourhood	French

Puzzle

Solve the puzzle with the words related to given hints.

DOWN :
1. A system formed by the interaction of aii living organisms (9)
3. Blanket of air (10)
4. Our surroundings (11)
5. Life gas (6)

ACROSS:
2. Hard surface layer of the Earth (11)
4. Planet which has life (5)
6. Natural domain of water (11)
7. A Human-made environment (6)
Answer:

7th Class Social 1st Lesson The Universe and The Earth InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 3

Question 1.
Collect some more information about the Universe.
Answer:

1. The Universe includes living things, planets, stars, galaxies, dust clouds, light, and even time.
2. Before the birth of the Universe, time, space and matter did not exist.
3. The space between the stars and galaxies is largely empty. The Universe has not always been the same size.
4. Since it’s birth-, the Universe has been expanding outward at very high speed. So the area of space we now see is billions of times bigger than it was when the Universe was very young.

Question 2.
Refer atlas or go through the internet and collect information about two more galaxies in the Universe. (Take the help of your teacher if you need.)
Answer:
Types of Galaxies :
Astronomers classify galaxies into three major categories :

Elliptical, spiral and irregular.

Elliptical:

1. Elliptical galaxies are shaped like a spheriod, or elongated sphere.
2. In the sky where we can only see two of their three dimensions, these galaxies look like elliptical or oval shaped disks.
3. The light is smooth, with the surface brightness decreasing as you go farther out from the centre.

Spiral Galaxies:

1. Spiral Galaxies have three main components : a bulge, disk and halo.
2. The bulge is a spherical structure found in the center of the galaxy.
3. The disk is made up of dust, gas and younger stars.
4. The halo contains old clusters of stars, known as globular clusters.

Irregular Galaxies:

1. Irregular galaxies have no regular or symmetrical structure.
2. They are divided into two groups, I rr I and I rr II.
3. These are mix up of hydrogen gas and dust.
4. All this dust makes is almost impossible to see distinct stars in the galaxy.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 5

Question 3.
Collect the Information and fill the following Table.

Name of the Planet	No. of Natural Satellites	Features of the Planet

Answer:

Name of the Planet	No. of Natural Satellites	Features of the Planet
The Mercury	Mariner 10 Messenger	It has a solid surface that is covered with craters. It has no atmosphere.
The Venus	No Satellites	Venus has crushing air pressure at its surface more than 90 times that of Earth similar to the pressure you’d encounter a mile below the ocean on the Earth. It is the second most planet from the Sun.
The EARTH	One-Moon	1. Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that is capable of supporting life as we know it. 2. It has the right temperature because it is neither too close to the Sun nor too far from it. 3. So, the living things survive on the Earth.
The Mars	Phobos and Deimos	Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere with surface features reminiscent of the impact craters of the Moon and the Valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth.
The Jupiter	There are 79 known moons. Ex : Galilean moons, Simon Marius	Jupiter is called a gas giant planet. Its atmosphere is made up of mostly hydrogen gas and helium gas like the Sun. The planet is covered in thick red, brown yellow and white clouds. The clouds make the planet look like it has stripes.
The Saturn	It has 82 moons	Saturn is a gas giant made up mostly of hydrogen and helium. Saturn’s volume is greater than 760 Earths.
The Uranus	Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and oberon	Uranus is made of water, methane, and ammonia fluids above a small rocky center. Its atmosphere is made of hydrogen and helium like Jupiter and Saturn, but it also has methane.
The Neptune	Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Hippo- camp, Larissa, etc.	It is dark, cold, and very windy. It is the last of the planets in our solar system. It is encircled by six rings.

Question 4.
Observe the things in the Fig 1.6 and categorize them under the headings in the given table.
Answer:

Natural Environment	Human Environment	Man-made Environment

Answer:

Natural Environment	Human Environment	Man-made Environment
Abiotic-Land, Air, Water Biotic – Animals, Plants, insects, Birds	Individual Family Community, Religion, Educational, Economic and Political etc.	Bridge, Buildings. Parks, Industries, Monuments and Roads etc.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 7

Question 5.
Observe the components of natural environment in fig. 1.8 and write those components under the right headings given in the table. You can add some more components if any.

Lithosphere	Hydrosphere	Atmosphere	Biosphere
Mountains	Ocean	Troposphere	Humans

Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 8

Question 6.
With the help of your teacher, fill the following table related to land forms by getting information from different sources like internet, library, etc.
Answer:

First order land forms	Second order land forms	Third order land forms

Answrer:

First order land forms	Second order land forms	Third order land forms
Oceans and Continents	Mountains, plains, and plateaus	Landforms by wind and water. Ex : Deltas, sand dunes etc.

Question 7.
List the things which are used in our daily life and write down the names of related minerals.
Answer:

Name of the things	Related minerals

Answer:

Name of the things	Related minerals
Toothpaste	Calcium and Phosphorous
Ceiling Fan	Copper
Piece of Chalk	Limestone
Gas Cylinder	Liquefied petroleum
Motor Bike	Petrol
Iron box	Coal

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 10

Question 8.
Locate all Oceans in the world map.
Answer:

Question 9.
Locate Major Seas in the World Map.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 11

Question 10.
Collect the information through internet about Oxygen levels in different areas i.e., the Industrial area, the Traffic area and the Greenery area. Write the reasons and suggest the measures to improve the Oxygen levels.
Answer:

1. Oxygenleve! in industrial Area -19.5%
2. Oxygen level in traffic area depends upon the traffic of the area.
3. Oxygen Level in Greenery Area – 40 %

Reasons and suggestions:

1. Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.
2. Consider using gas logs instead of wood.
3. Reduce or eliminate fire place and wood stove use.
4. Avoid burning leaves, trash and other materials.
5. Conserve energy – at home, at work, everywhere.

Question 11.
List the different living organisms in your surroundings and categorize them into plants and animals in a table.
Answer:

	Plants	Animals
In the Forest Area	Teak, Sandalwood, Rosewood,	Lion, Deer, Tiger
	Neem Sal etc.
In the Desert Area	Cactus	Camel
	Saguaro	Bat
	Desert Marigold	Aardwolf
In the Mountain Area	Oaks, Pines	Yak, mountain goals,
	deodars	snow leopards
In the Sea Area	Casuarina	Crabs, fish, prawn.

Question 12.
How Biosphere depends on the Lithosphere and the Hydrosphere?
Answer:
Biosphere is an environment where animals micro-organisms, humans and plants live together.Biosphere depends on Lithosphere and the Hydrosphere :

1. All the spheres in the system interconnect and overlap.
2. No sphere works on its own.
3. All forms of life have an integral connection with the land, air, water and sunshine around them.

Examples:

1. Plants themselves draw (Biosphere) their vital nutrients from the soil (Lithosphere), especially from organic compounds formed due to decay of other plants and animals. They get nitrogen from soil.
2. Biosphere receives water from Hydrosphere and a living medium from the Lithosphere.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 12

Question 13.
Collect and list the elements of the human environment in your surroundings and find out how they are formed.
Answer:
List of elements of human environment in our surroundings.

Individual, family, community, religion, politics, education.How they are formed :

After the settled life was formed, human beings started depending on one another.

It resulted in the establishment of human environment.

After the invention of agriculture human beings starts to live together, next form community with the number of families, next with their beliefs and emotions, mystical feelings they from religion. Next for better and order living formed as rulers and after invention of letters education started.

Question 14.
Collect the information from your elders about how natural environment was when he/she was in your age.
Answer:
According to some of the elders, I encountered the natural environment during their childhood was much better compared to ours.

As per them, most of the land used to be covered by plants, trees and vegetation.

Ponds & lakes used to be pure during their time.

We are living in a concrete jungle, whereas they lived in a pollution free harmless environment.

Finally, in their words our environment is far worse compared to theirs.

Question 15.
Prepare a poster based on the collected information.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 13

Question 16.
Make a list of different human activities that causes air pollution.
Answer:
The following list of activities are made by human beings causing air pollution :

1. The burning of Fossil fuels.
2. Industrial activities emit several pollutants in the air.
3. Wild fires.
4. Transportation.
5. Open burning of Garbage waste.
6. Use of pesticides and fertilizers in the agriculture lands.
7. Use of chemical and synthetic products.
8. Use of refrigerators and AC’s etc.

Question 17.
Suggest measures to reduce air pollution.
Answer:
Measures to reduce air pollution :

1. Using of public transport.
2. Using of echo friendly products.
3. Use solar energy.
4. Recycle and Reuse.
5. No to plastic bags.
6. Use filters for chimneys.
7. Avoid usage of crackers.
8. Afforestation etc.

Question 18.
With the help of your teacher, draw a diagram with the events that cause air pollution.
Answer:

Question 19.
Make a list of different human activities that cause water pollution.
Answer:
Humans are the main cause of water pollution, which is triggered in many ways.

1. By the dumping of industrial waste.
2. Sewage and waste water.
3. Mining activities.
4. Accidental oil leakage.
5. Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
6. Leakage from sewer lines etc.

Question 20.
Suggest measures to reduce water pollution.
Answer:
Six ways to prevent water pollution.

1. Pick up litter and throw it away in a garbage can.
2. Don’t put fertilizer on the grass right before it rains.
3. Don’t pour your motor oil down the storm drain.
4. Effluent sewage treatment.
5. Reusing the water.
6. Proper incineration, etc.

Question 21.
Collect the information (paper clips etc, regarding water pollution and display in your class.
Answer:

Question 22.
With the help of your teacher, draw a diagram with the events that cause water pollution.
Answer:

Question 23.
Prepare two slogans about conservation of natural resources.
Answer:
Slogans :

1. R₃ – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
2. Clean air is vital for all to survive on the planet.
3. Tree planting is the most reliable solution to pollution.
4. Save the Earth, Save our environment.
5. Don’t be cruel, preserve fuel,
6. Unite to make planet Earth pollution – free.

Question 24.
Prepare a poster on conservation of water.
Answer:
Poster on Conservation of water :

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 14

Question 25.
Observe the given picture and write your comment.

Answer:
The given picture shows the flooded area.Generally, a flood is a natural event. Flood is caused by a combination of heavy rainfall causing river/oceans to overflow their banks and can happen at any time of the year.The flash floods occur with little or no warning and cause the biggest loss of human life.

Reasons for cities are drowned in the water during floods.

1. Many of our cities are made of mostly concrete and other impermeable material.
2. There is no ground for water to sink into.
3. Lack of vegetation is one of the cause.

For example :
We can take Wardha cyclone in Chennai.

The people without proper measures constructed buildings not only in the city area but also occupied ponds, lakes and tanks in the city to construct the buildings. They did not give any proper drainage passage area.

Whenever the cyclone comes there is no chance to rainwater neither to sink nor to flow outside from the city.

So the entire city was blocked by flood water.

Conclusion : Sometimes floods are occurred by human beings only.

Question 26.
Prepare two slogans about prevention of disasters.
Answer:

1. A little bit of awareness can save hundreds of iives.
2. Stay alert and move out of the vulnerable areas.
3. Move fast and avoid wasting time.
4. Your life is precious – Save it.

Question 27.
Prepare a list with the disasters that occurred recently in your area.
Answer:
In Andhra Pradesh Recently (2020) the following disasters are occurred.

1. Niver cyclone.
2. L-G-Polymers – company disaster.

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 3

Question 1.
What are the observations of Galileo?
Answer:

1. Galileo was an Italian astronomer.
2. He made a device called a telescope.
3. When Galileo first looked at the sky through this instrument, he saw many wonders unknown to him.
4. Galileo discovered that the Sun is in the centre of the Universe and planets revolve around it.
5. The planets are revolving on their own axis.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 5

Question 2.
Why do we celebrate June 5th as World Environment Day? Find out the significance of the day with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
Since 1974, World Environmental day has been started celebrating as an annual event on every 5th June to raise the importance of the healthy and green environment in the human lives, to solve the issues of the environment by implementing some positive environmental actions by the government, organisation and individual.

Significance of June – 5th:
On June 5th 1942 America declared war on Bulgaria and Israel declared war on Egypt on this day.

According to my opinion 5th June 1972 was the first day of the first UN Conference on the human environment. This conference was about the interaction between humans and environment. So we celebrate on this day.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 7

Question 3.
How is Biosphere different from other natural elements of the Earth?
Answer:
Biosphere is different from other natural elements of the Earth due to the following reasons:

1. All living organisms are present in the biosphere.
2. Biosphere consists of land, water and air.
3. Other elements are not having these conditions.

Question 4.
The Biosphere would not have survived without the other three spheres. Why?
Answer:
Earth’s living things make up the biosphere.

The living portion of the Earth interacts with all the other sphere.

Living things need water (hydrosphere), chemicals from the atmosphere and nutrients gained by eating things in the biosphere.

Plants and animals grow in geosphere, they absorb water from hydrdsphere, we get other gases and carbon dioxide from atmosphere.

So, Biosphere depends on all these spheres.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 8

Question 5.
Why do we celebrate April 22nd as World Earth Day? Find out the significance of the day with the help of your teacher.
Answer:

1. On April 22, 1970, the United States celebrated the first Earth day.
2. More than 20 million people around the U.S. gathered together holding rallies, demonstration and participating in activities to promote a clean and safe living environment. Children and adult students also participated in this movement.

Significance :
On this first Earth day we saw unprecedented unity among the people of the World.

7th Class Social TextbookPage No. 9

Question 6.
Write a few more uses of the Lithosphere.
Answer:

1. The lithosphere is the domain that provides us with land for agriculture and human settlements.
2. The thin soil layer of lithosphere helps us for agricultural development and gives us food.
3. The rockey layer of the lithosphere provides us with minerals, forIndustries and supports industrial development.
4. It also provides us with forests and grasslands for grazing.

Question 7.
List the human activities that cause change in the Lithosphere.
Answer:
Human can affect the lithosphere by farming, building structures, mining and all manner of activities that change the Lithosphere.

Question 8.
Suggest measures to protect the Lithosphere.
Answer:
Measures to protect the Lithosphere :

1. Planting more plants.
2. Not to follow the over mining.
3. Follow safety measures while getting oil from lithosphere.
4. Don’t throw the waste into deeper soil.
5. Follow the modern technology without disturbance to lithosphere while constructing buildings.

Question 9.
Why do we celebrate March 22nd as World Water Day? Find out the significance of the day with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
According to United Nations World Water Day celebrates since 1993. Water and raises awareness of the 2.2 billion people living without access to safe water.

It is taking action to tackle the global water crisis.

Significance :
To focus on the importance of fresh water.

Question 10.
Why can’t we use total water on the Earth?
Answer:
The following factors are responsible for total water that we can’t use are,

1. 97.25% of water belongs to ocean bodies means salt water.
2. 2.5% of the earth’s fresh water is unavailable due to following reasons :
   1) Locked up in glaciers, polar ice caps, atmosphere and soil.
   2) Highly polluted or lies too far under the Earth’s surface to be extracted at an affordable cost.
   3) 0.5% of the Earth’s water is available as fresh water.So, the total water on the Earth can’t be used fully.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 10

Question 11.
How is water being used for different purposes in your school? Observe the places/ situations in which water is being wasted !
Answer:
In my school water is being used for

1. Drinking purpose.
2. Washrooms purpose.
3. Watering plants in the school.
4. Sometimes to clean our classrooms.

Near hand wash basins and toilets cleaning sections much of water is being wasted.

Question 12.
What measures do you follow to prevent the wastage of water?
Answer:
5 to 7 ways are there to reduce the wastage of water.

1. Checks for leaks in the pipes.
2. Stop wasting water in the sink.
3. Reuse water.
4. Turn off the tap while washing your face, brushing your teeth and shaving.
5. Don’t use more dishes than you need.
6. Avoid-mid-day plant and lawn watering.
7. Shorten your showers.

Question 13.
Suggest measures to increase ground water. What will happen if all the ice melts?
Answer:
Some measures:

1. Vegetation increase ground water table due to absorption of water coming from rainfall.
2. Avoid planting those trees which need more water for their growth.
3. Construction of check dams.
4. Percolation tanks.
5. Loose boulder structures etc.
   a) If all the ice around the World were to melt Ice level would rise about 70 meters.
   b) The ocean would cover all the coastal cities.
   c) And land are would shrink significantly.

Question 14.
Why do we celebrate September 16th as World Ozone day? Find out the importance of the day with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 16th Sept, the International day for the preservation of the Ozone layer, commemorating the date of the signing in 1987, of the Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 11

Question 15.
What happens if the Carbon dioxide level increase in the atmosphere?
Answer:

1. The increased percentage of carbon dioxide will cause greenhouse effect, i.e., It will not allow the hot rays of sun to escape from the atmosphere after reflection.
2. Once they enter the earth’s atmosphere, there by increasing the temperature of earth, ice on mountains will melt and water level will rise.

Question 16
How can we increase Oxygen level in the atmosphere?
Answer:
We can increase oxygen level in the atmosphere by three ways.

1. Afforestation – Trees are the absolute source of oxygen.
2. Reducing the use of non-biodegradable things like plastics.
3. Reducing the test of different bombs, missiles etc.

Question 17.
Why is Biosphere considered a separate natural domain of the Earth?
Answer:

1. The biosphere is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water, air interact with each other to support life.
2. There are several species of organisms that vary in size from microbes and bacteria to a large mammals.
3. All living organisms including humans are linked to each other and to the biosphere for survival.
4. In this zone that life that is unique to Earth exists and flourishes.
5. Biosphere is the part of the earth’s surface and atmosphere in which plants and animals can live.

Question 18.
What measures do you suggest to protect Biosphere?
Answer:

1. Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on land where forests have been cutdown.
2. Encourage people to live jn a way that doesn’t hurt the environment.
3. Establish parks to protect rain forests and wildlife.
4. Support the activities that operate in ways that minimize damage to the environment.
5. Conserve water.
6. Use long-lasting light bulbs.
7. Plant a tree etc.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 12

Question 19.
How did the establishment of man-made environment cause change in natural environment? How is it harmful to us?
Answer:
Human beings modified the natural environment by clearing the land for agriculture, buildings, factories, roads etc. It is harmful to us by global warming. Means due to deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, using more vehicles, release more waste from chemical factories etc. The above reasons cause global warming. Due to the global warming climate change occurred. Floods, cyclones, tsunamis, earthquakes, acid rains are common.

Question 20.
Is there any need to protect natural environment? What can you do for this?
Answer:
Yes, there is a need to protect natural environment.Our environment gives us a lot of things to live mainly air, land and water.

Our life depends on so many non-living components. It is our duty to save our environment for making a happy life.

Ways to protect the environment :

1. Choose reusable things.
2. Recycle properly.
3. Use few chemicals.
4. Use less water.
5. Use your purchasing power for good etc.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 3

Question 1.
Get through the internet and explore the Big Bang Theory and list the things you have observed.
Answer:
The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the Universe began. At its simplest, it says the Universe as we know it started with a small singularity, then inflated over the next 13.77 billion years to the cosmos that we know today.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 4

Question 2.
Go through the internet and collect information about two (ancient and modern) Indian astronomers and discuss in the classroom.
Answer:
Ancient Astronomer:
1) Aryabhata -1:
He is one of the greatest mathematicians and astronomers of ancient India.

2) Varahamihira :
He is one of the ancient astrologer, astronomer and mathematician.

Modern Astronomers :

1. Aluru Seelin Kiran Kumar
2. Byrana Nagappa Suresh
3. G. Madhavan Nair
4. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar etc.

Question 3.
Go through the library or internet & collect information. Why Pluto is removed from planet system?
Answer:

1. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) downgraded the status of Pluto to that of a dwarf planet because it did not meet the three criteria the IAU uses to define a full sized planet.
2. Essentially Pluto meets all the criteria one – it has not cleared its neighbouring region of other objects.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 8

Question 4.
Refer library books or go through the atlas and know more about different types of land forms. Now try to know the process of how land is formed in your locality. (You can discuss with your teacher about the above concept.)
Answer:
Different types of land forms :

1. Mountains and hills, Plateaus, Plains, Valleys, Deserts and Dunes etc.
2. I live in Visakhapatnam. This is formed on the shore of the Bay of Bengal. It is a part of the Eastern Coastal Plain. It can form by deposits of sediments carried by ocean current or rivers entering the sea.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 10

Question 5.
Browse internet or go through the atlas and know more about different water bodies across the world.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 11

Question 6.
Go through the online educational sources to know more about different layers of the atmosphere, air pressure and various winds. (If necessary, take the help of your teacher).
Answer:

1. The atmosphere is comprised of different layers based on temperature.
2. These layers are the Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and the Exosphere.
3. Air pressure – it is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth. This pressure is called atmospheric pressure, or air pressure.
4. Wind is the horizontal movement of air, caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the Sun and the Earth’s own rotation. The Earth contains five major wind zones: polar easterlies, westerlies, horse latitudes, trade winds, and the doldrums.

Project Work

Question 1.
Prepare a poster showing the activities that destroy natural environment and the activities that protect natural environment.
Answer:
1) A poster showing the activities that destroy natural environment.

2) The activities that protect natural environment.

Question 2.
Collect the information from your surroundings regarding water usage and its wastage. Suggest how you control the wastage of water.
Answer:
We live in the village Pachipenta in Vizianagaram District. Peddagedda Reservoir project is a Medium irrigation Project Proposed across Peddagedda (also called Vegavathi on its downstream), a tributary to River Suvarnamukhi, which itself is a tributary to River Nagavali to irrigate our Dachipenta village. We use this water for drinking, daily needs, and agricultural needs. But most of the water is wasted in household works. Government check is not possible in the issues like this. Every common man should have their own con RC over their behavior and usage. Invest in a Water Saving Equipment Reuse the polluted water Conserve the

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 13th Lesson ప్రపంచ పరివర్తనలో మహిళలు Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Solutions 13th Lesson ప్రపంచ పరివర్తనలో మహిళలు

7th Class Social 13th Lesson ప్రపంచ పరివర్తనలో మహిళలు Textbook Questions and Answers

కింది తరగతులలోని విషయ పునశ్చరణకి

ప్రశ్న 1.
పై చిత్రంలో మీరు ఏమి గమనించారు? మీరు ఎప్పుడైనా ఇటువంటి దృశ్యాన్ని చూశారా?
జవాబు:
పై చిత్రంలో ఒక మహిళ వ్యవసాయం (చేనును దున్నటం) చేయటం గమనించాను. ఇలాంటి దృశ్యాన్ని మా ప్రాంతంలో తరచుగా చూస్తుంటాను.

ప్రశ్న 2.
పురుషులతో సమానమైన సామర్థ్యాలు మహిళలకు ఉన్నాయనే భావనను మీరు సమర్థిస్తారా? వివరించండి.
జవాబు:
పురుషులతో సమానమైన సామర్థ్యాలు మహిళలకు ఉన్నాయనే భావనను నేను సమర్థిస్తాను.

1. పురుషులతో సమానంగా అన్ని రంగాలలో స్త్రీలు రాణిస్తున్నారు.
2. పురుషులకు ధీటుగా వారి శక్తి, సామర్థ్యాలు ప్రదర్శిస్తున్నారు.
3. మహిళలు తక్కువ సామర్థ్యం కల్గి ఉంటారనేది ఒక మూస ఆలోచన మాత్రమే అని చెబుతూ అన్ని వృత్తులలో మహిళలు రాణిస్తున్నారు.

Improve your learning (మీ అభ్యసనాన్ని మెరుగుపడుచుకోండి)

I. క్రింది ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానాలు వ్రాయండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఈ పాఠంలో కొంతమంది స్పూర్తిదాయక మహిళల గురించి తెలుసుకున్నారు. మీకు తెలిసిన ఎవరైనా ఇద్దరు మహిళలు, వారు సాధించిన విజయాల గురించి వ్రాయుము.
జవాబు:
1) వైద్య విద్య కోసం ఆస్తులు అమ్మడానికైనా సిద్ధమయ్యే వాళ్లు ఎందరో ! మోనిక ఇందుకు భిన్నంగా ఆలోచించింది. తొలి ప్రయత్నంలోనే కామన్ ఎంట్రన్స్ టెస్ట్ లో 200వ ర్యాంకు సాధించింది. బంధువులు, కుటుంబ సభ్యులు ‘మంచి ర్యాంకు….. మెడికల్ సీటు పక్కా’ అంటూ పొగడ్తలతో ముంచేశారు. కానీ మోనిక సమాధానం విన్నాక అందరూ ఆశ్చర్యపోయారు. తనకి వైద్య విద్య కన్నా వ్యవసాయమే ఇష్టమని. ఆ కోర్సునే ఎంచుకుంటానని చెప్పింది. అప్పటి తన నిర్ణయం సరైందే అని తాజాగా మోనిక సాధించిన విజయాలే నిరూపించాయి. బెంగళూరులో మంగళవారం నిర్వహించిన బెంగళూరు వ్యవసాయ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం 55వ స్నాతకోత్సవంలో 10 స్వర్ణ పతకాలు అందుకుంది.

సేవ చేయాలనే తపన ఉంటే ఏ రంగమైనా ఒకటేనని చెబుతోంది మోనిక. కర్ణాటకలోని తుమకూరు జిల్లా మధుగిరి ఆమె సొంత ఊరు. అక్కడ సరైన సదుపాయం లేక దగ్గర్లోని మూడబిదరిలోని ఆళ్వాస్ పీయూ కళాశాలలో చేరింది. అప్పుడే తనకి తన సొంత ఊర్లోనే కాక, చదువుకుంటున్న చోట కూడా రైతులు ఎదుర్కొంటున్న కష్టాలు తెలిశాయి. రైతు కష్టానికి తగిన ఆదాయం పొందలేకపోవడంపై అధ్యయనాలు చేపట్టింది. వ్యవసాయ కుటుంబంలో పుట్టిన మోనిక తండ్రి సాగులో లాభం రాదని ఉపాధ్యాయ వృత్తిని చేపట్టారు. కానీ మోనిక మాత్రం వ్యవసాయంలోనే విజయం సాధించాలని నిర్ణయించుకుంది. ఎప్పుడు ఊరు వెళ్లినా… తాతయ్య, చిన్నాన్న, పెదనాన్నలనడిగి పంటల బాగోగులు, మార్కెట్ పరిస్థితుల్ని ఆరా తీసేది. సాగుపై మమకారంతో మండ్య వ్యవసాయ కళాశాలలో చేరి నాలుగేళ్ల అగ్రి బీఎస్సీని 91.10 సీజీపీఏతో పూర్తి చేసింది. ప్రస్తుతం అసోంలో ఎమ్ఎస్ఎస్సీ చేస్తోంది. మారుతున్న జీవనశైలికి అనుగుణంగా రైతులు తమ పంటల్లో వైవిధ్యత పాటించాలి. ఈ రంగంలో సమస్యల్ని అధ్యయనం చేసి పరిష్కారాలు చూపడం, రైతన్నల జీవితాల్లో వెలుగులు నింపడమే నా లక్ష్యం ‘ అని అంటోంది మోనిక.

2) రక్షణ శాఖ ఆధ్వర్యంలో డీఆర్‌డీవో జాతీయ స్థాయిలో డేర్ టు డ్రీమ్ 2.ఓ-2020 కార్యక్రమానికి దేశవ్యాప్తంగా 1965 మంది యువ శాస్త్రవేత్తలు ఆలోచనలను పంపగా స్టార్టప్ విభాగంలో 15, వ్యక్తిగత విభాగంలో 20 మంది చొప్పున ఎంపిక చేశారు. తెలుగు రాష్ట్రాల నుంచి చిత్తూరు జిల్లా కేజీ కుప్పంకు చెందిన డాక్టర్ శిరీష ఒకరే ఎంపికయ్యారు. మద్రాసు యూనివర్సిటీ నుంచి ఎలక్ట్రానిక్స్ అండ్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ ఇంజనీరింగ్, జేఎన్టీయూ, హైదరాబాద్ నుంచి ఎంఈ, కేఎల్ యూ నుంచి పీహెడీ చేశారు. ప్రస్తుతం హైదరాబాద్ ఎంవీఎస్ఆర్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ కాలేజ్ లో అసిస్టెంట్ ప్రొఫెసర్. భర్త దగ్గుబాటి వంశీకృష్ణ స్కూల్ డైరెక్టర్ శిరీష ప్రొఫెసర్ కేఎస్ఆర్ మూర్తి ఆధ్వర్యంలో మరో ముగ్గురితో కలిసి బృందంగా ఎనిమిదేళ్లుగా రక్షణ సంబంధిత ప్రాజెక్టులపై పని చేస్తున్నారు. తను రాసిన పలు పరిశోధన పత్రాలు అంతర్జాతీయ జర్నల్స్ లో ప్రచురితమయ్యాయి. డేర్ టూ డ్రీమ్ పోటీల్లో భాగంగా మూడు అంచెల వడపోత తర్వాత వ్యక్తిగత విభాగంలో శిరీష ఎంపికయ్యారు. ఇటీవల కేంద్ర రక్షణ శాఖ మంత్రి రాజ్ నాథ్ సింగ్ చేతుల మీదుగా అబ్దుల్ కలాం ఆత్మనిర్బర్ పురస్కారం అందుకున్నారు. ‘రక్షణ శాఖలో ఎయిర్ క్రాఫ్ట్ ఇంజిన్ మానిటరింగ్ పై పరిశోధన చాలా క్లిష్టం. పైగా ఖర్చుతో కూడుకున్నది. ఎయిర్ క్రాఫ్ట్ చాలా వేగంగా ప్రయాణిస్తుంది. ఈ క్రమంలో ఇంజిన్ లోపాలు తలెత్తుతుంటాయి. దీనిపై ఆధారపడే ఇతర భాగాల పనితీరు ఉంటుంది. మేము కనిపెట్టిన విధానంతో ఇంజిన్ పనితీరు, కండిషన్ పైలట్ కు ఎప్పటికప్పుడు తెలుస్తుంది. భవిష్యత్తులో ఈ ప్రాజెక్టుపై మరింత పరిశోధన చేయాలన్నది నా లక్ష్యం’ అంటున్నారు శిరీష.

ప్రశ్న 2.
“పురుషులు ఏ పనినైనా చేయగలరు, స్త్రీలు కొన్ని పనులు మాత్రమే చేయగలరు అనే మూస ఆలోచన స్త్రీల పురోగతికి ప్రతిబంధకంగా ఉన్నది”. వ్యాఖ్యానించుము.
జవాబు:

1. నిజమే, పురుషులు ఏ పనైనా చేయగలరు. స్త్రీలు కొన్ని పనులు మాత్రమే చేయగలరు అనే మూస (సంప్రదాయ) ఆలోచనల పరంపరే స్త్రీల పురోగతికి ప్రతిబంధకంగా ఉంది.
2. నేటి సమాజంలో మహిళలు సాధిస్తున్న విజయాలు, ఈ ఆలోచనలకు చరమ గీతికలుగా భావించవచ్చు.
3. నేటి ఆధునిక సమాజంలో స్త్రీలు లేని రంగం ఒకటి కూడా లేదు అంటే అతిశయోక్తి కాదాయే. విద్య, వైద్యం, రక్షణ, పోలీస్, రైల్వే, బ్యాంకింగ్, క్రీడలు, వాణిజ్యం, రాజకీయం ఒకటి ఏమిటి అన్ని రంగాలలో పురుషులతో సమానంగా రాణిస్తున్నారు.
4. కావున సంప్రదాయపు, మూస ఆలోచనల్లోంచి సమాజము కూడా బయటపడినపుడు స్త్రీ పురోగతి సాధ్యమవుతుంది.
5. ఈ మూస ధోరణుల నుండి విముక్తి పొందడంలో విద్య ప్రధాన పాత్ర పోషిస్తుంది.

ప్రశ్న 3.
మహిళలు పురుషులతో సమానమైన శక్తి సామర్థ్యాలు కలిగి ఉన్నారు. అను భావనను రెండు ఉదాహరణల ద్వారా సమర్థించుము.
జవాబు:

1. మహిళలు పురుషులతో సమానమైన శక్తి సామర్థ్యాలు కలిగి ఉన్నారు అనుటలో సందేహం లేదు.
2. మహిళలు, పురుషులతో సమానంగా అన్ని రకాల ఉద్యోగాలు, వృత్తులు చేయగలుగుతున్నారు. ఉదాహరణ పైలెట్లుగా, సైన్యంలో కమాండర్లుగా రైల్వేలో కో పైలట్లుగా, సాఫ్ట్వేర్, శాస్త్రవేత్తలుగా, వాణిజ్యవేత్తలుగా, పారిశ్రామికవేత్తలుగా ఎదిగారు, ఎదుగుతున్నారు. వీటితో పాటు ఇంటి పనులు సైతం చాలా చాకచక్యంగా నిర్వహిస్తున్నారు.
3. శారీరక దృఢత్వంలోను పురుషులతో సమానంగా వివిధ క్రీడలలో రాణిస్తున్నారు. ఉదా : కరణం మల్లీశ్వరీ వెయిట్ లిఫ్టింగ్ ఛాంపియన్ మరియు స్వర్ణ పతకం సాధించింది. అలాగే గీతా పోగట్ కుస్తీ పోటీల్లో మొదటిగా భారతదేశానికి స్వర్ణపతకం అందించింది.

ప్రశ్న 4.
మహిళల కోసం ఏయే అంశాలలో ఉద్యమించవలసిన అవసరం ఉంది అని నీవు భావిస్తున్నావు?
జవాబు:
నేను మహిళల కోసం క్రింది అంశాలలో ఉద్యమించవలసిన అవసరం ఉందని భావిస్తున్నాను.

1. మహిళా సాధికారత (ఆర్ధిక మరియు రాజకీయ సాధికారత).
2. చట్టసభల్లో మహిళలకు రిజర్వేషన్లు కల్పించుటకు (ఇది రాజకీయ సాధికారతకు నిదర్శనం)
3. అత్యాచార నిందితులకు, కఠిన (మరణ శిక్షలు అమలుచేయడంపై.
4. లైంగిక వేధింపులకు పాల్పడేవారిని కఠినంగా శిక్షించే చట్టాలు చేయటంపై.
5. బాలికల, మహిళల అక్రమ రవాణాకు కఠినంగా శిక్షించే చట్టాలు చేయటం మొ||న వాటికై ఉద్యమించాల్సి ఉంది.

ప్రశ్న 5.
“పేద అమ్మాయిలు చదవడం ఇష్టం లేకపోవడం వలన చదువు మానేస్తారు”. ఈ ప్రకటనను సమర్థిస్తారా?
జవాబు:
“సమర్థించను, పేద అమ్మాయిలు చదవడం ఇష్టం లేకపోవటం వలన చదువు మానివేయడం లేదు, దానికి ఇతర కారణాలు కలవు. అవి :

1. పేదరికం, ఆర్థిక స్తోమత లేకపోవడం.
2. తల్లిదండ్రుల నిరక్షరాస్యత.
3. తల్లిదండ్రుల మూఢ నమ్మకాలు, విశ్వాసాలు.
4. తల్లిదండ్రుల పేదరికం.
5. ఇంటి దగ్గర పనులు చేయించడం.
6. ఇంటి దగ్గర సోదర, సోదరీమణుల పోషణ అమ్మాయికి అప్పగించడం మొ||వి.

ప్రశ్న 6.
మహిళల సమానత్వము ప్రాముఖ్యతను తెలిపే కొన్ని నినాదాలను వ్రాయుము.
జవాబు:

1. మహిళ సమానత్వము గౌరవించడం పురుషుడి సంపన్నత్వము.
2. మహిళా (లింగ) సమానత్వము – ఇది ప్రతి ఒక్కరి బాధ్యత.
3. దేశ అభివృద్ధికి చిహ్నం – లింగ సమానత్వం,
4. మహిళా సమానత్వము లేనిదే – నిజమైన స్వేచ్ఛ లేదు.
5. మహిళా సమానత్వము అంటే సాంఘిక సమానత్వమునకు చిహ్నం.
6. మహిళ నీలో సగం, నింగిలో సగం. జనాభాలో సగం అందుకే మీతో సమానం.

ప్రశ్న 7.
“బేటీ బచావో బేటీ పఢావో” ప్రచారం యొక్క ఉద్దేశ్యం ఏమిటో వ్రాయుము.
జవాబు:
“బేటీ బచావో బేటీ పఢావో” ప్రచారం యొక్క ఉద్దేశ్యం:

1. బాలిక జననం వేడుక కావాలి, ఆమె చదువుకు ఆటంకం లేకుండుట.
2. బాలికల రక్షణ మరియు జీవనమునకు భరోసా కల్పించుట.
3. బాలికల విద్య, భాగస్వామ్యంకై భరోసా కల్పించుట, (హామినిచ్చుట)
4. లింగ వివక్షతను రూపుమాపుట.

ప్రశ్న 8.
మహిళా సాధికారతపై కొన్ని నినాదాలను తయారుచేయండి.
జవాబు:

1. మహిళా సాధికారత – అది జాతి సాధికారత.
2. మహిళల స్వేచ్ఛ – సామాజిక స్వేచ్ఛకు సంకేతం.
3. మహిళలకు సాధికారత కల్పించడం – సామాజిక అభివృద్ధికి చిహ్నం.
4. మహిళ – దేశ భవిత, దానిని అపాయంలోకి నెట్టకండి.
5. మహిళలకు సాధికారత కల్పించండి – లింగ అసమానతను తొలగించండి.
6. స్త్రీని శక్తివంతం చేయండి – తద్వారా దేశం శక్తివంతం అవుతుంది.

II. సరైన సమాధానాన్ని ఎన్నుకోండి.

1 ఎన్.ఎస్.ఎస్ 61వ రౌండ్ (2004-2005) ప్రకారం భారతదేశంలో వ్యవసాయ పనిలో నిమగ్నమైన శ్రామిక మహిళల శాతం.
ఎ) 89.6
బి) 91.7
సి) 83.6
డి) 65.2
జవాబు:
సి) 83.6

2. “బేటీ బచావో బేటీ పఢావో” కార్యక్రమం ఈ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రారంభమైంది.
ఎ) 2012
బి) 2013
సి) 2014
డి) 2015
జవాబు:
డి) 2015

3. అంతర్జాతీయ మహిళా దినోత్సవంను మనం ఈ తేదీన జరుపుకుంటాం.
ఎ) మార్చి 15
బి) ఏప్రిల్ 7
సి) మార్చి 8
డి) జులై 11
జవాబు:
సి) మార్చి 8

4. పద్మశ్రీ అవార్డు పొందిన మొట్టమొదటి మహిళా శాస్త్రవేత్త.
ఎ) జానకీ అమ్మాళ్
బి) నందిని హరినాథ్
సి) కాదంబరి గంగూలీ
డి) అన్నా మణి
జవాబు:
ఎ) జానకీ అమ్మాళ్

5. మహిళల ఉద్యమ ఫలితంగా 1993వ సంవత్సరంలో సారాను నిషేధించిన రాష్ట్రం.
ఎ) తమిళనాడు
బి) ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్
సి) గుజరాత్
డి) కేరళ
జవాబు:
బి) ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్

III. జతవరుచుము.

గ్రూప్ -ఎ	గ్రూప్ -బి
1. మిథాలీ రాజ్	ఎ) పర్యావరణవేత్త
2. వందనా శివ	బి) కమాండో ట్రైనర్
3. సీమారావ్	సి) క్రికెటర్
4. ప్రాంజల్ పాటిల్	డి) శాస్త్రవేత్త
5. నందిని హరినాథ్	ఇ ) ఐ.ఏ.ఎస్ అధికారిణి

జవాబు:

గ్రూప్ -ఎ	గ్రూప్ -బి
1. మిథాలీ రాజ్	సి) క్రికెటర్
2. వందనా శివ	ఎ) పర్యావరణవేత్త
3. సీమారావ్	బి) కమాండో ట్రైనర్
4. ప్రాంజల్ పాటిల్	ఇ ) ఐ.ఏ.ఎస్ అధికారిణి
5. నందిని హరినాథ్	డి) శాస్త్రవేత్త

7th Class Social Studies 13th Lesson ప్రపంచ పరివర్తనలో మహిళలు InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.171

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఎవరు ఏ పనులు చేస్తారు?
మీ ప్రాంతంలో క్రింద ఇవ్వబడిన పనులను ఎవరు నిర్వహిస్తారు ? వృత్తులు
మహిళలు పురుషులు వైద్యం అంగడి నిర్వాహకుడు వ్యవసాయం శాస్త్రవేత్త డ్రైవర్
ప్రశ్న : పై పట్టిక నుండి మీరు ఏమి గమనించారు?
జవాబు:
పై పట్టికలో నేను గమనించిన అంశాలు :

1. పైన ఇవ్వబడిన పనులు అన్నీ మహిళలు, పురుషులు నిర్వహిస్తున్నారు.
2. మహిళలు ఏ విషయంలోను పురుషుల కంటే తక్కువ కాదని గమనించాను.
3. డ్రైవర్ వృత్తి మా ప్రాంతంలో చేయడం లేదు కాని మిగతా ఇతర పట్టణాలలో, ప్రాంతాల్లో నిర్వహిస్తున్నారని గమనించాను.
4. మహిళలు, పురుషులు సమాన నైపుణ్యాలు కల్గి ఉంటారని గమనించాను.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 177

ప్రశ్న 2.
మీ ప్రాంతంలో మూస పద్ధతులను విచ్చిన్నం చేసి విజయం సాధించిన మహిళల గురించి సమాచారాన్ని సేకరించండి. మీ తరగతి గదిలో చర్చించండి.
జవాబు:
మా ప్రాంతంలో ఈశ్వరమ్మ అనే ఆమెకు ఇద్దరు పిల్లలు. ఒక మగపిల్లాడు, ఒక ఆడపిల్ల. అయితే ఈమెకు చిన్నతనంలోనే అంటే 36 సం||ల వయస్సులోనే భర్త మరణించాడు. ఆమె ఏనాడూ బయటికి వచ్చి ఏ పనీ చేసింది లేదు. కాని భర్త మరణంతో ఆమె బ్రతుకు పోరాటాన్ని ఒక చిన్న టిఫిన్ సెంటర్లో ప్రారంభించింది. ఆమె తన ఇద్దరి పిల్లల చదువుకు ఏ మాత్రం ఆటంకం కలుగనీయలేదు. సమాజంలో బాగా బ్రతికిన ఆమె అలా చితికిపోవటం బాధాకరం అయితే చుట్టుప్రక్కల వాళ్ళు, బంధువులు ఆమె ఆర్థిక పరిస్థితిని చూసి ఆదుకోవాల్సింది పోయి ఆడిపోసుకుంటున్నారు. కొంత మంది హేళనగా మాట్లాడేవారు. అయినా ఆమె వీటన్నింటిని ఎదుర్కొని తన కుమారుడిని బ్యాంక్ అధికారిగా, కుమార్తెను టీచర్ గా తీర్చిదిద్దింది. నిజంగా ‘ ఆమెను గురించి మా పెద్దలు చెబుతుంటే నాకు ఎంతో స్ఫుర్తిదాయకంగా ఉంది.

ప్రశ్న 3.
శ్రీ గుఱ్ఱం జాషువా రచించిన ‘అనాథ’ పద్యంను చదవండి.
జవాబు:
విద్యార్థులు స్వయంగా చదవగలరు.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 179

ప్రశ్న 4.
మీ గ్రామంలో బాలికలు బడి మానేయడానికి గల కారణాలను చర్చించండి.
జవాబు:
మా గ్రామంలో బాలికలు బడి మానేయడానికి గల కారణాలు :

1. పేదరికం, తల్లిదండ్రుల ఆర్ధిక స్తోమత.
2. బాల్య వివాహాలు
3. ఇంటి దగ్గర చిన్న పిల్లలను చూసే బాధ్యత అప్పగించటం.
4. తల్లిదండ్రులలో ఎవరో ఒకరు మరణించటం.
5. అభద్రతా భావం
6. సమాజంలోని మూఢనమ్మకాలు / విశ్వాసాలు మరియు మూస ధోరణులు

ఆలోచించండి & ప్రతిస్పందించండి

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 171

ప్రశ్న 1.
మీ పరిసరాలలోని మహిళలు పురుషులతో సమానంగా తమ హక్కులను వినియోగించుకోగలుగుతున్నారా?
జవాబు:
మా పరిసరాలలోని మహిళలు కొంతమంది మాత్రం పురుషులతో సమానంగా తమ హక్కులను వినియోగించు కోగలుగుతున్నారు. ఈ తరం మహిళలు దీనిలో ముందంజలో ఉన్నారు. పాత తరం మహిళలు సంప్రదాయాలు, కట్టుబాట్లు మొ||న వలయంలోనే చిక్కుకొని తమ హక్కులను కొన్నింటిని కోల్పోతున్నారు.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 173

ప్రశ్న 2.
పైన పేర్కొన్న పనులలో ఏవి పురుషులు మాత్రమే చేయగలరని మీరు అనుకుంటున్నారు?
జవాబు:
పైన పేర్కొన్న పనులలో ఏవీ కూడా పురుషులు మాత్రమే చేయగలరని నేను అనుకోవడం లేదు, మహిళలు కూడా చేయగలరు.

ప్రశ్న 3.
పైన పేర్కొన్న పనులలో ఏవి మహిళలు మాత్రమే చేయగలరని మీరు అనుకుంటున్నారు?
జవాబు:
పైన పేర్కొన్న పనులలో ఏవీ కూడా మహిళలు మాత్రమే చేయగలరని నేను అనుకోవడం లేదు, పురుషులు కూడా చేయగలరు.

ప్రశ్న 4.
పురుషులు చేసే పనులు మహిళలు చేయలేరని అనుకోవడం సమంజసమా? ఎందుకు?
జవాబు:
పురుషులు చేసే పనులు మహిళలు చేయలేరని అనుకోవడం సమంజసం కాదు. ఎందుకంటే, పనిలో నైపుణ్యం, (తెలివితేటలు) శక్తి సామర్థ్యాలు మొ||వి లింగం ఆధారంగా ఉండవు. అవి అందరికి సమానంగానే ఉంటాయి.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 175

ప్రశ్న 5.
కుటుంబంలో, సమాజంలో ఎదురవుతున్న ఈ సవాళ్లను అధిగమించడానికి ఏమి చేయాలి?
జవాబు:
కుటుంబంలో, సమాజంలో ఎదురవుతున్న ఈ మూస ధోరణులు / సవాళ్ళను అధిగమించడానికి

1. మహిళలు/బాలికలు విద్యావంతులు కావాలి.
2. మహిళలు ఆర్ధిక మరియు రాజకీయ సాధికారత సాధించాలి.
3. మహిళలు ఆర్థిక స్వేచ్ఛను కల్గి ఉండాలి. దానికిగాను ఉద్యోగ, ఉపాధులను పొందాలి.
4. మహిళలు స్వయం శక్తులు / పోషకులు అవ్వాలి ఇతరులపై ఆధారపడకూడదు.
5. మహిళలు తాము బలహీనులమని భావించకూడదు. బలవంతులమని దృఢంగా నమ్మాలి.
6. మహిళలు అబలలు కాదని సబలలని నిరూపించాలి. ఆత్మవిశ్వాసంతో ముందుకు నడవాలి/నడపాలి.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 179

ప్రశ్న 6.
మహిళా హక్కుల ఉద్యమాలు మహిళా హక్కుల సాధనకు ఎలా దోహదపడ్డాయి?
జవాబు:
మహిళలు మరియు బాలికలకు చదువుకునే మరియు పాఠశాలకు వెళ్లే హక్కు ఉంది. ఇతర అంశాలు ఐన హింస మరియు ఆరోగ్యం వంటి రంగాలలో న్యాయపరమైన సంస్కరణలు జరిగి, మహిళలు మరియు బాలికల పరిస్థితి మెరుగుపడింది. ఈ మార్పులు అనుకోకుండా జరిగినవి కావు. ఈ మార్పులను తీసుకురావడానికి మహిళలు వ్యక్తిగతంగా మరియు సమష్టిగా పోరాటం చేశారు. ఈ పోరాటాన్నే మహిళా ఉద్యమం అంటారు.

ఉదాహరణకు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ లో మహిళలు చేసిన సారా వ్యతిరేక ఉద్యమ ఫలితంగా 1993వ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రభుత్వం సారాను నిషేధించింది.

ఆడపిల్లల ఆత్మ గౌరవం కోసం జరిగిన ఉద్యమాల ఫలితంగా పాఠశాలలో ఆడపిల్లలకు ప్రత్యేకంగా మరుగుదొడ్లు , ఏర్పాటు చేయడమే కాకుండా ప్రతి ఇంటా మరుగుదొడ్లు నిర్మించడం జరిగింది.

అన్వేషించండి

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 179

ప్రశ్న 1.
2015 లో ప్రారంభించిన ‘బేటీ బచావో బేటీ పఢావో’ ప్రచారం గురించి తెలుసుకోండి.
జవాబు:

1. ‘ఆడపిల్లను రక్షించు – ఆడపిల్లను చదివించు’ పథకాన్ని 2015, జనవరి 22లో హర్యానాలో ఆడపిల్లలను రక్షించే ఉద్దేశ్యంతో ప్రధానమంత్రి ప్రారంభించారు.
2. మహిళా, బాల వికాస మంత్రిత్వశాఖ ఈ చట్టాన్ని తయారుచేసి, దానిని పర్యవేక్షిస్తుంది.

ముఖ్య లక్ష్యాలు :

1. ఆడపిల్లల సంఖ్య తక్కువగా ఉన్న 100 జిల్లాల్లో బాలికల సంఖ్య పెరిగే విధంగా చూడటం. (CSR లో వ్యత్యాసం తగ్గించడం)
2. 5 సం||లలోపు సంభవించే శిశుమరణాల రేటు 8% నుండి 5% నికి తగ్గించడం.
3. బాలికలకు పౌష్టికాహారం అందించడం.
4. ప్రతి తరగతిలోను బాలికల సంఖ్య పెరిగేలా చూడటం, బాలికల విద్యను ప్రోత్సహించడం.
5. ఆడపిల్లల్ని లైంగిక వేధింపుల నుండి రక్షించే విధానాలు రూపొందించడం.
6. భ్రూణ హత్యలను అరికట్టేలా ప్రజలను చైతన్యపరచడం.

ప్రాజెక్ట్ పని

ప్రశ్న 1.
ప్రముఖ మహిళలు మరియు వారి విజయాలతో ఒక ప్ పుస్తకమును తయారుచేయండి.
జవాబు:
విద్యార్థులు స్వయంగా చేయగలరు. క్రింది ఉదాహరణ ఆధారంగా
సాహిత్య రంగం:
1. సుసన్నా అరుంధతీ రాయ్ – రచయిత – సంఘాన్ని చైతన్యం చేసే వ్యక్తి :
మొట్టమొదటిసారిగా తన రచన ‘ది గాడ్ ఆఫ్ స్మాల్ థింగ్స్, అనే పుస్తకానికి 1997లో బ్రిటన్ వారిచ్చే ‘బుకర్ ప్రైజ్’ను గెలుచుకున్న భారతీయ మహిళ. 24.11. 1961లో బెంగాల్ లో జన్మించి కేరళ, కొట్టాయంలోని ‘అయమానమ్’ గ్రామంలో పెరిగింది. ఆమె చాలామందికి స్ఫూర్తి ప్రదాత. చిన్నతనం నుండి బాలికగా, స్త్రీగా ఎన్నో ఇబ్బందులను, అడ్డంకులను అధిగమించి ఈ స్థాయికి చేరింది. పేదలు, అణగారిన వర్గాల తరపున గొంతెత్తి ‘అధికారం’తో మాట్లాడాలంటే ఈమెకి ఈమే సాటి. 2004లో ఈమె సిడ్నీ శాంతి బహుమతిని కూడా గెలుచుకుంది.

విద్యారంగం :
2. శకుంతలాదేవి : మానవ కంప్యూటర్ – గణితంలో ఎంత కష్టమైన సమస్యనైనా ఎటువంటి యంత్ర సహాయం లేకుండానే సాధించగలిగేటటువంటి అసమాన ప్రతిభ కలిగిన స్త్రీ. 1939లో కర్ణాటకలోని బెంగుళూరులో జన్మించింది. చాలా దేశాలు ఈవిడ ప్రతిభను ప్రదర్శించడానికి తమ దేశాలకు ఆహ్వానించాయి. 1995లో గిన్నిస్ బుక్ ఆఫ్ వరల్డ్ రికార్డ్స్ లో ఈమె పేరును 26వ పేజీలో లిఖించారు.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Changes Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 17th Lesson Changes Around Us

7th Class Science 17th Lesson Changes Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Why do we paint wooden doors and windows?
Answer:
We paint wooden doors and window to protect them from moisture, white ants and other insects.

Question 2.
Some deposits were observed in water preserved in Aluminium containers after two to three days. What could the deposit be? What is the reason for the formation of these deposits?
Answer:

1. When water was preserved in Aluminium containers some deposits were observed in the containers after two to three days.
2. This is because salts and minerals present in water form scales on the Aluminium containers.

Question 3.
When a candle is burnt, what type of changes take place? Give another example of a similar process.
Answer:

1. When a candle is burnt both physical and chemical changes take place.
2. Burning of candle giving heat and light and reducing its size is a chemical change.
3. The wax melted during burning again condenses to solid wax is a physical change.
4. Part of the candle burnt is a permanent change and it cannot be reversed.
5. Due to the burning of the candle, carbon dioxide and water vapour are produced.
   Examples:
   1) Burning of LPG in our kitchen.
   2) Liquid state of LPG in the cylinder is converted into a gaseous state when comes out This is a physical change.
   3) When LPG burns in air heat is produced, this is a chemical change.

Question 4.
How is an iron gate prevented from rusting?
Answer:

1. Iron gate when-exposed to moisture and air gets rusted.
2. To prevent rusting of Iron gates it should be painted with a paint.

Question 5.
Between coastal and dry land areas, where is rusting of iron objects faster? Give reasons.
Answer:

1. Rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas.
2. In coastal areas there is humidity in the atmosphere (water vapour is present in the air)
3. This water vapour is responsible for the rusting qf iron objects faster.
4. In dry land areas, the humidity in the atmosphere is relatively less.

Question 6.
Classify the changes involved in the following processes as Physical, Chemical or both.
a) Burning of Coal
b) Melting of Wax
c) Beating Aluminium to make Aluminium foil
d) Digestion of food
e) Boiling of Egg
f) Photosynthesis
g) Cutting of Wood
Answer:

Physical change	Chemical change
1) Melting of wax 2)  Beating Aluminium to make Aluminium foil 3)  Cutting of wood.	1)  Burning of coal 2)   Digestion of food 3)   Boiling of egg 4)   Photosynthesis.

Question 7.
Which of the following processes are chemical changes? Give reasons.
a) Making a Salt Solution.
b) Adding Hydrochloric Acid to Marble stone.
c) Evaporation of water.
d) Adding phenolphthalein indicator to acid solution.
e) Respiration
f) Ripening of a Mango
g) Breaking of Glass.
Answer:
Physical changes:
a) Making a salt solution
c) Evaporation of water
g) Breaking of glass
Chemical changes:
b) 1) Adding Hydrochloric acid to Marble stone.
2) New Substances are formed so it is a chemical change.
d) 1) Adding phenolpthalein indicator to acid solution.
2) Phenolpthalein indicator in acid solution is colourless.
3) It turns pink in basic solution.
4) This is a chemical change because there will be a structural change in phenolpthalein.
e) 1) Respiration is also a chemical change.
2) There will be exchange of gases in this process.
f) Ripening of a Mango: This is a chemical change. Ripening can not be reversed back.

Question 8.
Identify the incorrect statements among the following and rewrite them correctly.
a) Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change.
b) Iron pipes coated with Zinc do not get rusted.
c) Setting of curd is a physical change.
d) Condensation of steam is not a chemical change.
e) Burning of Magnesium in air is a chemical change.
Answer:
a) 1) Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change (Incorrect)
2) Formation of manure from leaves is a chemical change (correct)
b) Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted (correct)
c) 1) Setting of curd is a physical change (Incorrect)
2) Setting of curd is a chemical change (correct)
d) Condensation of steam is not a chemical change (correct)
e) Burning of magnesium in air is a chemical change (correct)

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks in the following statements.
a) The chemical name of vinegar is …………
b) Changes in which only ………… properties of a substance change are called physical changes.
c) Changes in which new substances are formed are called ………… changes.
d) Magnesium + Oxygen → …………
e) Copper Sulphate + Iron → …………
Answer:
a) Acetic acid
b) Physical
c) Chemical
d) Magnesium oxide
e) Iron sulphate + copper

Question 10.
Answer the following questions.
I) The gas we use in kitchen is in the form of liquid in the cylinder. When it comes out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (step-I) then it burns (step-II). Choose the correct statement from the following.
a. Only step – I is a chemical change.
b. Only step – II is a chemical change.
c. Both steps – I & II are chemical changes.
d. Both steps – I & II are physical changes.
Answer:
a) Step – I – is a physical change (not a chemical change)
b) Step – II – is a chemical change (It is correct)
c) Both steps I & II – are chemical changes.
This is not correct.
Step – I – Physical change and
Step – II – Chemical Change is correct.
d) Both steps I & II – are physical changes – This is not correct.
Step I – Physical change
Step II – Chemical change.

II) Bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (step – I). The biogas is then burnt as fuel (step – II). Choose the correct statement from the following.
a) Only step – I is a chemical change.
b) Only step – II is a chemical change.
c) Both steps – I & II are chemical changes.
d) Both steps – I & II are physical changes.
Answer:
a) 1) Only step – I is a chemical change This is not correct.
2) Both step – I and step – II are chemical changes – This is correct.
b) 1) Only step – II is a chemical change – This is not correct.
2) Both step – I and step – II are chemical changes – This is correct.
c) Both steps I & II – are chemical changes – This is correct.
d) 1) Both steps I & II – are physical changes – This is not correct.
2) Both steps I & II – are chemical changes – This is correct.

III) A piece of paper was cut into four pieces. What type of change occurred in the property of the paper?
A) Physical change B) Chemical change C) Both changes D) No change
Answer:
A) Physical change

IV) Aryan stretched a rubber band. What does it represent?
A) Chemical change B) Physical change C) Both changes D) No change
Answer:
B) Physical change

V) Which of the following changes are reversible or irreversible?
a) Rise of water from ground to the overhead tank …………
b) Setting of cement …………
c) Absorption of water by a sponge …………
d) Migration of birds …………
e) Rise in temperature during summer …………
Answer:
a) Rise of water from ground to the overhead tank is a reversible change.
b) Setting of cement is an irreversible change.
c) Absorption of water by a sponge is a reversible change.
d) Migration of birds is a reversible change.
e) Rise in temperature during summer is a reversible change.

Question 11.
Sudheer wants to make his vessels, which are made of Brass and copper, clean and shiny. What suggestions you would like to give him?
Answer:

1. Brass and copper vessels when exposed to air we find a greenish coat on them.
2. This greenish coat is formed when copper or brass reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide present in air.
3. This coat protects copper from getting further corroded.
4. To keep them clean and shiny they must be used regularly washing them with cleaning powders.
5. In case if they are not used regularly grease on than to prevent direct contact of these metals with oxygen and water vapour in the air.

Question 12.
Does Anurag appreciate the changes in ripe mango as “How nice its colour and taste are” ? Give some examples of changes that makes you feel happy, or wonder.
Appreciate them in your own words.
Answer:

1. When mango ripens, the contents present in the fruit gives good taste. The change in colour indicates that the fruit is ripend.
2. Similar situations we experience with many fruits like banana, guava, papaya, pine apple … etc.
3. In fact fruits are a gift to human beings as they give instantaneous energy when eaten.
4. Nature is so kind to us to provide such ready made safe foods.

Question 13.
The changes like, chicks came out of eggs, blossoming flowers, etc. are very pretty to see. List out such type of changes around you which make to feel happy on observation.
Answer:

1. A cow giving birth to a calf
2. Plants producing vegetables
3. A new born baby trying to search for milk.
4. These are all wonderful changes we feel happy to observe in the nature.

Question 14.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 15.
Collect information on changes taking place in the food during the process of digestion. [From the school library/internet and display your observations on
the bulletin board].
Answer:
1. The digestion of food in human beings starts from mouth.
2. The digestive system of human being consists of mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus.
Summary of the digestive enzymes of various glands with their secretions and/end products of digestion in man

Question 16.
Collect information on the process of artificial ripening of fruits in fruit markets and discuss whether it is useful or harmful.
Answer:

1. Calcium carbide is more commonly known as “masala” is used for the artificial ripening of fruits.
2. It is very harmful to health.
3. Calcium carbide is a carcinogenic agent.
4. The most important precaution to avoid eating such artificially ripened fruits is to go in for fruits and vegetables which are not unseasonal.
5. Always wash the vegetables and fruits properly before consuming them.

Question 17.
Ravi prepared carbon – dioxide using baking soda and vinegar. Carbon – dioxide changed lime water into milky white. Represent this experiment in a diagram with labelling.
Answer:

Question 18.
When you burn a piece of wood different changes take place. Analyse the following.
a) Predict possible changes and list them all.
b) Are there any physical changes among them?
c) How many forms of energy are released in the change?
d) What chemical changes do you notice? Explain briefly why these occur.
Answer:
a) During burning.

1. Heat is produced
2. Sound and light is also produced.
3. Wood turns into ash
4. Chemical change.

b) No physical changes are there in the list.
c) Heat energy, light energy, sound energy are produced.
d) Wood turns into carbon dioxide and ash.
(wood) carbon + (Air) Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + ash.

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 11th Lesson రహదారి భద్రత Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Solutions 11th Lesson రహదారి భద్రత

7th Class Social 11th Lesson రహదారి భద్రత Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning (మీ అభ్యసనాన్ని మెరుగుపడుచుకోండి)

I. క్రింది ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానం రాయండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
రోడ్డు ప్రమాదాల నివారణపై అవగాహన కల్పించే నినాదాలు తయారుచేయండి.
జవాబు:

1. ట్రాఫిక్ నియమాలు – ప్రాణాలను రక్షించే సాధనాలు.
2. ఈరోజు హెచ్చరిక – రేపటి జీవితానికి పునాది.
3. వేగంగా నడపటం – మృత్యువుకు దగ్గరవటం.
4. సురక్షితంగా నడుపు – ప్రాణాలు కాపాడు.
5. ఆగండి, చూడండి, వినండి – అప్పుడు రోడ్డు దాటండి.
6. Speed thrills but kills.
7. నిదానమే – ప్రధానం
8. నిదానంగా నడపండి – సురక్షితంగా గమ్యం చేరండి.
9. అతివేగం – అనర్థం, ప్రమాదకరం.

ప్రశ్న 2.
మీరు ఒక ట్రాఫిక్ ఆఫీసర్ అయితే, స్కూల్ విద్యార్థులు సురక్షితంగా పాఠశాలకు చేరుకోవడానికి మీరు ఏమి చర్యలు సూచిస్తారు?
జవాబు:
నేనే ట్రాఫిక్ ఆఫీసర్ అయితే, స్కూల్ విద్యార్థులు సురక్షితంగా పాఠశాలకు చేరుకోవడానికి తీసుకునే చర్యలు :

1. స్కూలు విద్యార్ధులకు ట్రాఫిక్ నిబంధనలపై అవగాహన కల్పించటం.
2. ట్రాఫిక్ నిబంధనలు అతిక్రమించినచో కౌన్సిలింగ్ ఇవ్వటం.
3. జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్ వద్దనే రోడ్డు దాటేటట్లు చూడటం.
4. ఎదురుగా, ఎడమ, కుడి వైపుల గమనించి రోడ్డు దాటడం వంటి చర్యలను సూచిస్తాను.

ప్రశ్న 3.
రహదార్లను ఉపయోగిస్తున్నప్పుడు మీరు ఏ ట్రాఫిక్ నియమాలను పాటించాలి?
జవాబు:
రహదార్లను దాటేటప్పుడు మనం పాటించవలసిన నియమ నిబంధనలు :

1. రహదారులపై నడిచేటపుడు ఎల్లప్పుడు ఫుట్ పాత్ లను వినియోగించడం వలన పాదచారులు రోడ్డు అంచుల నుండి దూరంగా ఉండటం తద్వారా ఏదైనా వాహనం ఢీకొట్టి వెళ్ళే ప్రమాదాన్ని నివారించవచ్చు.
2. ఎదురుగా వాహనాలు వచ్చే విధంగా ఉన్న రోడ్డు వైపున పూర్తిగా చివరి అంచున నడవడం వలన పొరపాటున జరగబోయే ప్రమాదాల నుండి తప్పించుకునే అవకాశం ఉంటుంది.
3. తెరిచి వున్న డ్రైనేజీ కాలువలు, గుంతలు, పండ్లు మరియు కూరగాయల తొక్కల వంటి వాటిని గుల.
4. వేగంగా వెళ్లే వాహనాల వలన ప్రమాదం ఉంటుంది కాబట్టి, రహదారులపై ఆడుకోకూడదు. ఇతరులకు అసౌకర్యం కలగవచ్చు కాబట్టి ఫుట్ పాత్ లపై ఆడుకోరాదు.
5. అపరిచితుల వాహనాలు ఎక్కకూడదు. కిడ్నాప్ కు గురికావడం, గాయపరచబడడం వంటి రూపాల్లో ఇది మీకు ప్రమాదకరం కావచ్చు.
6. జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్ వద్ద మాత్రమే రోడ్డు దాటాలి. జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్ లేని సమయాల్లో రెండు వైపుల రోడ్డు కనిపించే విధంగా ఉన్న సురక్షిత ప్రదేశం వద్ద రోడ్డు దాటాలి. ప్రమాదకర మలుపు వద్ద రోడ్డు దాటకూడదు.
7. రైల్వే ట్రాక్ పై ఎప్పుడూ నడవరాదు. ఎల్లప్పుడూ ఓవర్ బ్రిడ్జిలను ఉపయోగించాలి. ఒకవేళ ఓవర్ బ్రిడ్జి లేకపోయినట్లయితే గేటు తెరుచుకునే వరకు ఎదురుచూసి గేటు దాటాలి.

సైక్లిస్టుల కోసం నియమాలు :

1. రోడ్డుకు ఒకవైపున అంచు వెంబడి సైకిల్ నడపండి. సైకిల్ ట్రాక్ ఉంటే తప్పనిసరిగా ఉపయోగించండి.
2. సైకిల్ నడిపేవారు రోడ్డుకు ఎడమవైపున ఫుట్ పాత కు దగ్గరగా ఉండేట్టు చూడటంతో పాటు కాలువలు, మూసి వుంచని డ్రైనేజి గుంతలను గమనించుకుంటూ జాగ్రత్తగా ప్రయాణం చేయాలి.
3. ఎక్కువగా రద్దీ ఉన్న మార్గాలను వదిలేయాలి.
4. రహదారులపై భారీ వాహనాలకు తగిన దూరంలో ప్రయాణించాలి. లేనిచో ఆ వాహనాల వేగం వలన కలిగే పీడనం వలన సైకిల్ నడిపేవారు సమతుల్యతను కోల్పోయే ప్రమాదం ఉంటుంది.
5. వేగంగా సైకిల్ నడపరాదు. ప్రత్యేకించి రహదారులు తడిగా ఉన్నపుడు అస్సలు వేగంగా ఉండరాదు.
6. ప్రయాణం మొదలు పెట్టేముందు, ఆగడం, మలుపు తీసుకోవడం వంటి సమయాల్లో చేతి సంజ్ఞలు ఇవ్వడం ద్వారా మీ కదలికలు ఇతరులకు తెలియజేయాలి. సురక్షితంగా ఉన్నప్పుడు మాత్రమే ముందుకు కదలాలి.
7. రహదారి కూడళ్ళలో ఉన్న ట్రాఫిక్ సిగ్నల్స్ ని తప్పనిసరిగా పాటించాలి. ఎరుపు రంగు సిగ్నల్ ని దాటి వెళ్ళరాదు. రహదారులు కలిసేచోట సైకిలను నిదానంగా నడపాలి.
8. కూడళ్ళు, రహదారులు కలిసేచోట వాహనాల కదలికలను గమనిస్తూ తగిన అవకాశం ఉన్నపుడు మాత్రమే రోడ్డును దాటాలి.
9. రాత్రిపూట ప్రయాణంలో లైట్ లేదా రిఫ్లెక్టర్ ఉండేట్లు చూసుకోవాలి.
10. అన్ని రహదారుల సంజ్ఞల గురించి అవగాహన కలిగి ఉండటం, రోడ్డుపై ప్రయాణించే సమయంలో నియమాలను తప్పనిసరిగా ఆచరించడం వంటివి అత్యంత ముఖ్యమైన అంశాలు.

సురక్షిత ప్రయాణం :

1. కదులుతున్న ఆటో, కారు, బస్సు నుండి ఎక్కడం / దిగడం చేయకూడదు.
2. ఎల్లప్పుడు ఎడమ వైపున ఫుట్ పాత్ పైకి దిగేలా చూసుకోవాలి.
3. వాహన చోదకుని ఏకాగ్రతకు ఆటంకం కలిగించకూడదు.
4. పరిమితికి మించి ఎక్కువ మంది ఉన్న ఆటో, బస్సులలో ప్రయాణం చేయరాదు.
5. వాహనానికి ఉన్న అన్ని డోలు సరిగా వేసి ఉన్నది లేనిది గమనించాలి.
6. చేతులు / తల కిటికి నుండి బయట పెట్టరాదు.
7. ప్రయాణ సమయంలో తప్పనిసరిగా సీటు బెల్టు ధరించాలి.
8. బస్సు కోసం వేచి వున్న సమయంలో ఎల్లపుడు క్యూలో నిలబడాలి. రోడ్డుపై కాకుండా ఫుట్ పాత్ లపై మాత్రమే నిలబడాలి. బస్సులో సీటు పొందడం కొరకు ఒకరినొకరు తోసుకోకూడదు.
9. బస్సు దిగిన వెంటనే అది దాటుకుని వెళ్ళే వరకు వేచి వుండి తరువాత కదలాలి.
10. సురక్షిత ప్రదేశం వద్దనే రోడ్డు దాటాలి. కెర్చ్ డ్రిల్ (సురక్షితంగా రహదారి దాటడానికి చిన్నారులకు ఇచ్చే శిక్షణ)ను తప్పనిసరిగా తీసుకోవడం మర్చిపోవద్దు.
11. కదులుతున్న బస్సును ఎక్కడం లేదా దిగడం వంటివి చేయరాదు.

ప్రశ్న 4.
ట్రాఫిక్ పోలీసు యొక్క విధులు ఏవి?
జవాబు:

1. రహదారి వినియోగంపై ప్రజలకు అవగాహన కల్పించటం.
2. రహదారీ రద్దీని క్రమబద్ధీకరించటం.
3. ప్రమాదాలు జరగకుండా నిరంతరం ప్రజలను అప్రమత్తం చేయటం.
4. క్షత్రగాత్రులకు అత్యవసర సహాయాన్ని అందించటం.
5. రహదారి నియమాలను ఉల్లంఘించిన వారికి జరిమానా విధించటం.

ప్రశ్న 5.
రహదారి పమాదాలను నివారించడానికి సూచనలు ఇవ్వండి.
జవాబు:
రహదారి ప్రమాదాల నివారణకు సూచనలు :

1. రోడ్డు వినియోగదారులందరికి కచ్చితంగా రహదారి భద్రతా నియమాలపై అవగాహన కల్పించాలి.
2. వాహనాలను అతివేగంగా మరియు నిర్లక్ష్యంగా నడపకూడదు.
3. మద్యం సేవించి వాహనాలను నడపకూడదు.
4. సీట్ బెల్ట్ మరియు హెల్మెట్లు ధరించి వాహనాలను నడపాలి.
5. ముఖ్యంగా వాహనం నడుపునపుడు సెల్ ఫోన్ వాడకం నిషేధించాలి.
6. వాహనాలను ఓవర్ టేక్ చేసేటపుడు అప్రమత్తంగా ఉండాలి.
7. ట్రాఫిక్ సిగ్నల్స్ ని కచ్చితంగా అనుసరించాలి.

II. సరియైన సమాధానాలను ఎంచుకోండి.

1. ఈ క్రింది వాటిలో వాహనాలు ఆగడానికి సూచించే రంగు ఏది?
ఎ) ఆరెంజ్
బి) ఆకుపచ్చ
సి) ఎరుపు
డి) పసుపు
జవాబు:
సి) ఎరుపు

2. భిన్నమైనది ఏది?
ఎ) ఫుట్ పాత్
బి) వంతెన
సి) డివైడర్
డి) జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్
జవాబు:
బి) వంతెన

3. రహదారి భద్రతకు అడ్డంకి ఏది?
ఎ) పాదచారులు ఫుట్ పాత్ ను ఉపయోగించడం
బి) ట్రాఫిక్ సంకేతాలు అనుసరించడం
సి) పాదచారులు జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్ వద్ద రోడ్డు దాటడం
డి) ఏదీ కాదు
జవాబు:
డి) ఏదీ కాదు

III. జతపరుచుము.

గ్రూప్ – ఎ	గ్రూప్ -బి
1. ఫుట్పాత్	ఎ) రహదారిపై గల సంకేతాలు
2. ఎరుపు రంగు లైట్	బి) ముందుకు వెళ్ళుటకు సిద్ధం
3. ఆకుపచ్చ రంగు లైట్	సి) పాదచారులు
4. ఆరంజ్ రంగు లైట్	డి) వాహనం ముందుకు వెళ్ళడం
5. రహదారి డివైడర్	ఇ) గీత ముందు ఆగటం

జవాబు:

గ్రూప్ – ఎ	గ్రూప్ -బి
1. ఫుట్పాత్	సి) పాదచారులు
2. ఎరుపు రంగు లైట్	ఇ) గీత ముందు ఆగటం
3. ఆకుపచ్చ రంగు లైట్	డి) వాహనం ముందుకు వెళ్ళడం
4. ఆరంజ్ రంగు లైట్	బి) ముందుకు వెళ్ళుటకు సిద్ధం
5. రహదారి డివైడర్	ఎ) రహదారిపై గల సంకేతాలు

7th Class Social Studies 11th Lesson రహదారి భద్రత InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.115

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రింద ఇచ్చిన చిత్రాలను పరిశీలించి, వాటిలో ప్రమాదాలకు దారితీసే చిత్రాలను టిక్ (✓) మా తో సూచించండి.
జవాబు:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.127

ప్రశ్న 2.
ట్రాఫిక్ పోలీసులను కలిసి రోడ్డు నియమాలు గురించి చర్చించండి.
జవాబు:
రోడ్డు నియమాలు :

1. ట్రాఫిక్ సిగ్నలను కచ్చితంగా పాటించాలి.
2. లైసెన్స్ లేకుండా వాహనం నడపరాదు.
3. జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్ వద్దనే రోడ్డును దాటాలి.
4. పాదచారులు ఫుట్పలను వినియోగించాలి.
5. పరిమితికి మించి వాహనంలో ఎక్కువ మంది ప్రయాణం చేయరాదు.
6. ద్విచక్ర వాహనాలను నడిపేటపుడు హెల్మెట్ విధిగా ధరించాలి.
7. నాలుగు చక్రాల వాహనాలను నడిపేటపుడు సీట్ బెల్ట్ పెట్టుకోవాలి.
8. రోడ్డు చిహ్నాలను అనుసరించాలి.
9. మద్యం తాగి వాహనాలు నడపరాదు.
10. పరిమితికి మించి వేగంగా వాహనం నడపరాదు.
11. సెల్ ఫోన్ ఉపయోగిస్తూ వాహనం నడపరాదు.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.135

ప్రశ్న 3.
రహదారి భద్రతపై ప్రజలకు అవగాహన కల్పించడానికి ప్లకార్డులను పట్టుకొని మీ గ్రామంలో / పట్టణంలో ర్యాలీ చేయండి.
జవాబు:

విద్యార్థులు పై ప్లకార్డులను ఉపయోగించుకోగలరు.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.137

ప్రశ్న 4.
రహదారిని ఉపయోగిస్తున్నప్పుడు చేయదగినవి మరియు చేయకూడని వాటితో నింపండి.
జవాబు:

చేయదగినవి	చేయకూడనివి
1. నెమ్మదిగా, రోడ్డుకు ఇరువైపులా చూస్తూ రోడ్డును దాటాలి. లేదా జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్ వద్ద దాటాలి.	1. రోడ్డు ఎక్కడ పడితే అక్కడ దాటకూడదు.
2. పరధ్యానం, కబుర్లాడుతూ వెళ్ళరాదు.	2. సరైన డ్రైవింగ్ లైసెన్స్ కల్గి ఉండాలి.
3. హెల్మెట్ లేకుండా ప్రయాణించరాదు.	3. హెల్మెట్ ధరించాలి.
4. మద్యం సేవించి వాహనం నడపరాదు.	4. కారు సీట్ బెల్ట్ ధరించాలి.
5. వేగంగా, నిర్లక్ష్యంగా వాహనం నడపరాదు.	5. ట్రాఫిక్ సిగ్నల్స్ పాటించాలి.
	6. ట్రాఫిక్ నియమాలను ఉల్లంఘించరాదు.

ఆలోచించండి & ప్రతిస్పందించండి

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.115

ప్రశ్న 1.
పట్టణీకరణ వలన ట్రాఫిక్ సమస్య పెరిగిందని నీవు ఎలా చెప్పగలవు?
జవాబు:

1. పట్టణ జనాభా పెరుగుదల (పట్టణీకరణ) వలన ట్రాఫిక్ సమస్య చాలా పెరిగిందని చెప్పవచ్చు.
2. పట్టణంలో వివిధ వృత్తులు చేయువారు తమ కార్యస్థానాలకు చేరుటకు వివిధ వాహనాలు వినియోగించటం.
3. పట్టణీకరణలలోని పారిశ్రామికీకరణ కూడా ట్రాఫిక్ సమస్యకు కారణం. పరిశ్రమల నుండి జరుగు రవాణా ట్రాఫిక్ సమస్యకు కారణం.
4. పట్టణ జనాభా సహజంగా కొనుగోలు శక్తి కలవారై ఉండి, వాహనాల కొనుగోలు పెరిగి, వాడకం పెరిగింది.
5. పట్టణాలలో వాహన దుకాణదారులు వాహనాల కొనుగోలును ప్రోత్సహించటం.
6. పట్టణ జనాభా చేయు ఉద్యోగాలకు సమయానికి చేరుకోవాలనే ఆరాటం.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.121

ప్రశ్న 2.
రహదారి ప్రమాదాలకు ఇతర కారణాలను గుర్తించండి.
జవాబు:
రోడ్డు ప్రమాదాలకు కారణాలు :

1. రోడ్డు ప్రమాదాలకు అతిముఖ్య కారణం వాహనం వేగంగా నడపటం.
2. వాహనం నడపడంలో నిర్లక్ష్యం.
3. మత్తు పానీయాలు సేవించి వాహనం నడపడం.
4. రోడ్డు సిగ్నల్స్ ని అతిక్రమించి వాహనం నడపడం.
5. ఓవర్ లోడింగ్ మరియు ఓవర్ టేకింగ్ వలన.
6. వాహనం నడిపే సమయం, రోడ్డు దాటే సమయంలో సెల్‌ఫోన్‌ను ఉపయోగించటం.
7. సీట్ బెల్ట్, హెల్మెట్ మొ||నవి సక్రమంగా వాడకపోవటం.
8. డ్రైవర్ యొక్క పరధ్యానం లేక కబుర్లు చెప్పటం మరియు విశ్రాంతి లేకుండా డ్రైవింగ్ చేయడం.
9. రోడ్డు సంకేతాలను పట్టించుకోకపోవటం.
10. రహదారులపై గేదెలు, మేకలు, గొర్రెలు వంటి జంతువులను యథేచ్ఛగా వదిలివేయుట.
11. దమ్ము చక్రాలతో ట్రాక్టర్లను నడుపుట.
12. ప్రొక్లెనర్ వంటి భారీ వాహనాల వినియోగం వలన ఏర్పడే గుంటలు.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఒక వ్యక్తి రహదారి ప్రమాదానికి గురైతే, అతని/ఆమె కుటుంబం ఎలా ఇబ్బంది పడుతుంది?
జవాబు:
ఒక వ్యక్తి రోడ్డు ప్రమాదానికి గురైతే అతని / ఆమె కుటుంబం చాలా తల్లడిల్లిపోతుంది. వారి బాధ వర్ణనాతీతం. వారి కుటుంబం దాదాపుగా ఒంటరి అయ్యే అవకాశాలు ఎక్కువగా ఉంటాయి. అదే వారు ఇంటి ఆదాయ వనరు అయితే వారికి ఆర్థికపరమైన సమస్యలు కూడా చుట్టుకుంటాయి. పెద్దవారయితే ఇంటి పెద్దని / యజమానిని కోల్పోతే ఆ కుటుంబం దాదాపుగా అనాథ లాగా మారుతుంది.

ప్రశ్న 4.
ఎవరైనా ప్రమాదానికి గురైతే నీవు ఎలా స్పందిస్తావు?
జవాబు:
నా కళ్ల ఎదుట ఎవరైనా ప్రమాదానికి గురైతే ముందుగా ప్రమాద తీవ్రతని బట్టి అంబులెన్స్ (108)కి ఫోన్ చేస్తాను. ఈలోగా – ప్రథమ చికిత్స ఏమైనా అందించవచ్చేమో చూసి అందిస్తాను. అలాగే ప్రమాదానికి గురైన వ్యక్తి యొక్క కుటుంబ సభ్యులకు ఈ విషయంను తెలియజేస్తాను.

ప్రశ్న 5.
ఎక్కువ శాతం యువత ప్రమాదాలలో చనిపోతే ఆ దేశ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థపై ఎటువంటి ప్రభావం పడుతుందో చర్చించండి.
జవాబు:

1. ఎక్కువ శాతం రోడ్డు ప్రమాదాలకు గురవుతున్నవారు యువతే.
2. యువత ఇలా ప్రమాదాలలో చనిపోతే దేశ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థపై దుష్ప్రభావం కలిగిస్తుంది.
3. యువత అంటే శ్రామిక జనాభా, అత్యధిక ఉత్పత్తి సామర్థ్యం కల్గి ఉంటారు. GDP అభివృద్ధిలో కీలక పాత్ర పోషిస్తారు. వారిని కోల్పోతే దేశాభివృద్ధి కుంటుపడుతుందనుటలో సందేహం లేదు.
4. కుటుంబాలకు కూడా ఆధారం కోల్పోయి, పేదరికంలోకి నెట్టబడతారు. జీవనాధారం కోల్పోతారు.
5. అలాగే వారిపై పెట్టిన విద్య, ఆహారం మొదలైన ఖర్చులు నష్టపోయినట్లే.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.135

ప్రశ్న 6.
ఈ రోజుల్లో ట్రాఫిక్ వేగంగా పెరుగుతోంది. దీనికి పరిష్కారాలు తెలపండి.
జవాబు:

1. వాహనాల వినియోగం తగ్గించాలి. అవకాశం ఉన్నప్పుడు కాలి నడక, సైకిల్ ను వినియోగించాలి.
2. విశాలమైన రహదారుల నిర్మాణం చేపట్టాలి. ట్రాఫిక్ ను దారి మళ్ళించాలి.
3. సరి, బేసి పద్ధతులలో వాహనాల వాడకానికి అనుమతినివ్వాలి.
4. వాహనాలపై భారీగా పన్ను విధించాలి.
5. ట్రాఫిక్ సమస్యలు, రద్దీ, గందరగోళం గురించి ప్రజల్లో అవగాహన కల్పించాలి.

ప్రశ్న 7.
ఎవరైనా ట్రాఫిక్ సిగ్నల్స్ పాటించకపోతే ఏమి జరుగుతుంది?
జవాబు:

1. ట్రాఫిక్ సిగ్నల్స్ పాటించకపోతే ఆ వ్యక్తి ప్రమాదానికి గురికావచ్చు. అతనితో పాటు ప్రక్కవారు ప్రమాదానికి గురి కావచ్చు.
2. ట్రాఫిక్ జామ్ / గందరగోళంలు ఏర్పడవచ్చు.

ప్రశ్న 8.
మీ పాఠశాల పరిసరాలలో ఎటువంటి రహదారి చిహ్నాలు ఉండాలి?
జవాబు:
మా పాఠశాల పరిసరాలలో క్రింది రహదార్ చిహ్నాలు ఉండాలి :

1. హారన్ నిషేధం అనే తప్పనిసరి చిహ్నం.
2. పాఠశాల ప్రాంతం అనే హెచ్చరిక గుర్తు.
3. పాదచారుల దారి అనే హెచ్చరిక గుర్తు.

అన్వేషించండి

7th Class Social Textbook Page No.125

ప్రశ్న 1.
మీ ఉపాధ్యాయుని సహాయంతో మిగిలిన సంకేతాలను ఆర్టీఏ కార్యాలయం/ట్రాఫిక్ పోలీసుల నుండి సేకరించండి. తరగతి గదిలో వాటి గురించి చర్చించండి. లేదా సందర్శించండి.
జవాబు:
మోటారు వాహనాలు నిషేధం
ఎడమకు తిరుగుము
సైక్లింగ్ నిషేధం
కలుపు
కుడివైపుకు తిరుగుము

ప్రాజెక్ట్ పని

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఇంటి నుండి పాఠశాలకు వెళ్ళేటప్పుడు, పాఠశాల నుండి ఇంటికి వచ్చేటప్పుడు రోడ్డు మీద ఏమేమి జాగ్రత్తలు పాటించాలో తెలుపుతూ మీ మిత్రునికి ఒక లేఖ రాయండి.
జవాబు:

తేది XXX XX గుంటూరు.ప్రియమైన మిత్రుడు రఘుపతి సాయికి,నేను ఇక్కడ క్షేమమే. నువ్వు క్షేమమేనని తలుస్తున్నాను. నేటి రోజుల్లో రోడ్డు ప్రమాదాలు బాగా పెరిగిపోతున్నాయి. కనుక నీవు ఈ క్రింది జాగ్రత్తలు పాఠశాల నుండి ఇంటికి, ఇంటి నుండి పాఠశాలకు వెళ్ళేపుడు పాటించగలవని ఆశిస్తున్నాను. రోడ్డు పూర్తి ఎడమ వైపునే నడవాలి. అవకాశం వుంటే ఫుట్ పాత్ వినియోగించగలవు. తెరిచి ఉన్న డ్రైనేజీ కాలువలు, గుంతలు, పండ్ల తొక్కలు లాంటి వాటిని గమనిస్తూ నడవాలి. రహదారులపై ఆడుకోవటం, కబుర్లు చెబుతూ నడవటం లాంటివి చేయరాదు. జీబ్రా క్రాసింగ్ వద్దనే రోడ్డును దాటాలి. డివైడర్స్ ఎక్కరాదు. రైల్వే ట్రాక్స్ దగ్గర చాలా అప్రమత్తంగా ఉండాలి. అపరిచితుల వాహనాలు ఎక్కరాదు. (కిడ్నాప్ కు గురికావచ్చు) కూడళ్ళు రహదారులు కలిసే చోట వాహనాల కదలికలను చూసుకుని నిదానంగా వెళ్ళాలి. నీవు ఆటో గాని, బస్సు గాని ఎక్కితే చేతులు తల బయటికి పెట్టవద్దు. క్యూలో నిలబడే బస్సు ఎక్కాని. బస్సులో కూడా తోపులాట కూడదు. కదులుతున్న బస్సు, ఆటోలు ఎక్కవద్దు. ఇట్లు, నీ ప్రియ మిత్రుడు, శ్రీనివాస్.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Forest: Our Life Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 16th Lesson Forest: Our Life

7th Class Science 16th Lesson Forest: Our Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
How can you say forest is a habitat for people?
Answer:

1. Forests have been a home of people from ancient times.
2. In various forest areas of Andhra Pradesh, we find people still living there and making it their home.
3. They usually live in places in the forest where water is available.
4. These people, aadivasis, never harm the forest in any way.
5. They never cut green trees for fuelwood and for domestic purposes. They collect only dry wood.
6. They also hunt only small animals like lizards and rabbits for their food.
7. While collecting tubers that they eat, they leave a part of them in the soil for the plants to grow again.
8. They earn money by selling forest products in the weekend markets (santha)

Question 2.
What variations do we see in forest types?
Answer:
1) There are two types of forests. They are:
a) Forest of hot and humid areas. (Equatorial forests)
b) Forest of cold areas (Alpine forests)

Equatorial forests	Alpine forests
1) These forests have green trees of all types.	1) These forests have mostly ice and plants that grow in cold atmosphere.
2) The climate in these forests is hot and humid.	2) The climate in these forests is cold.
3) We find different types of trees like teak, sal, neem, tamarind, amla, soap nuts etc.	3) These forests consists of alpine trees and thorny bushes.

Question 3.
How do we depend on forests?
Answer:

1. Forests keep the surroundings cool.
2. We get different varieties of timber from forests.
3. We get honey, tamarind, bamboo from the forests.
4. Forests provide us the rains, fresh air and fresh water.
5. We get medicinal plants from the forest.
6. The forests help us in getting food, shelter and clothing.

Question 4.
How can you say forests are lungs of our earth?
Answer:

1. Forests take up a large amount of Carbon dioxide and some other harmful particles
   and gases and keep the air clean.
2. They serve as lungs of our earth.

Question 5.
List the things that we use in our daily life which are made from wood.
Answer:
We use in our daily life the following which are made of wood.

1. Windows
2. Doors
3. Tables
4. Chairs
5. Stands
6. Bench
7. Cot
8. Cradle
9. Sofa
10. Almirah
11. Counter
12. Cup – Board etc.

Question 6.
What is deforestation? How can it be stopped?
Answer:

1. Deforestation is cutting down forests for replacement of industries or for timber or for other economic needs, croplands etc.
2. People destroy the forests for their own economic purposes. For example, earning by selling trees and thus excessive cutting down of trees or deforestation is taking place.
3. Deforestation can be stopped by the following steps.
   a) The forest officials should make good efforts with voluntary organisations to save forests.
   b) People should be continuously educated about the adverse effects of deforestation.
   c) Plantation of trees should be encouraged.

Question 7.
This is not a forest product.
A) Soap nut B) Plywood C) Matchstick D) Kerosene
Answer:
D) Kerosene

Question 8.
If you want to develop social forestry in your village which type of plants would you like to grow. Why?
Answer:
1) If we want to develop social forestry in our village, we would like to grow the following plants.

1. Bamboo
2. Karaka
3. Rose wood
4. Nallamadi
5. Tamarind
6. Usiri
7. Jafra etc.

Question 9.
Collect the pictures of forest products and stick them in your scrap book.
Answer:
The student can prepare the scrapbook.

Question 10.
Write a note on livelihood of forest tribes of our state.
Answer:

1. Tribals like ‘Chenchu’ are living in the forests of our state.
2. The forest tribes, walk through the forests for nearly 30 km. every day and has thorough knowledge of forest, its flora, fauna and birds with in a radius of around 15 km.
3. They collect various food products like soap nuts, honey, tamarind, bamboo etc and sell them’ in Santha (a weekend market) and purchase materials like clothes etc.
4. They also collect medicinal plants from the forest for which they are well known through- out the state.
5. These people never cut green trees for fuel wood and for domestic purposes.
6. They also hunt only small animals like lizards and rabbits for their food.
7. While collecting tubers, that they eat, they leave part of them in the soil for the plants to grow again.
8. They have very little needs and happily go about their daily lives.

Question 11.
Collect some songs / stories / poems about conservation of trees.
Answer:
Poem: 1
See the leaves that fall from trees.
Watch then fall to ground with grace.
Carried by the winds of nature.
They never stay in just one place.
Poem: 2
See the leaves that fall from trees.
They grow from branches nice and quick.
A seasons when they live their life.
Full and short poisoned sick.

Question 12.
We can see animals not only in the forests but also in the Zoo. Write some similarities and differences between the conditions in which animals are found in the zoo and the forest.
Answer:
a) Similarities:

1. Both the animals in the forest and in the zoo appear in the same way.
2. They continue their food habits.
3. The nature of these animals do not change.
4. They give birth to the off spring.

b) Differences:

1. The animals in the forest feel independence. The animals in the zoo do not feel it.
2. The animals in the forest struggle to get their food. The animals in the zoo get their food in fixed times without any effort.
3. There is difference in the conceivement of forest animals and zoo animals. Zoo animals are facing inconvenience.
4. Forest animals can wander freely where as zoo animals cannot wander freely. This has an effect on their Biological system.

Question 13.
Charita said “forest is good habitat” How can you support her?
Answer:

1. By harboring greater variety of plants the forest provides greater opportunities for food and habitat for the herbivores.
2. Larger number of herbivores means increased availability of food for a variety of carnivores.
3. The wide variety of animals help the forests to regenerate and grow.
4. Forests provide habitat to a wide variety of plants and animals.

Question 14.
Draw or collect pictures of forests. Discuss with your friends. Write about fate of forests in your state and what steps you would take to conserve them.
Answer:
The student can collect pictures of forests available.
The fate of Forests:

1. In many parts of our country, the deforestation has been on a large scale and the consequences are being faced by men.
2. Flood situations, drought, soil erosion, land slides etc. are very common problems due to deforestation.
3. People are clearing forest land for cultivation, construction of houses, roads, factories and dams.
4. Extinction of many animals and living organism result of this deforestation.

Steps for conservation:

1. We must make efforts to save forests by planting plants like Karaka, Rosewood, Nallamadi, Usiri etc.
2. We should conserve soil moisture by making bunds along edges of plantation areas, digging trenches etc.
3. We should see that no one harms trees.
4. We should Start growing forests once again.

Question 15.
Find out about state of forests in India and write a brief report on it.
Answer:

1. In our country the area of the forests is decreasing due to deforestation.
2. This has already shown its effect on our environment.
3. Several types of organisms already disappeared due to this deforestation in our ‘ country.
4. There are forests only on 19.3% of the geographical area of our country.
5. Forests play an important role in the maintenance of ecological balance.
6. Conservation of forests is the need of the hour in our country.

Question 16.
Plant a tree on your birthday or during any celebration in the family.
Answer:
Every student, parent, teacher, and citizen should follow this suggestion.