Category: Class 7

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 7th Lesson Mughal Empire Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 7th Lesson Questions and Answers Mughal Empire

7th Class Social 7th Lesson Mughal Empire Textbook Questions and Answers

Review Of Your Previous Knowledge

Observe the given picture and respond to the following questions.

Question 1.
Have you ever seen this picture?
Answer:
Yes, I’ve seen this picture.

Question 2.
Can you say a few words about this picture?
Answer:
It is called the Red Fort. Every year on Independence day the Prime Minister hoists the Indian tricolour National flag at the forts main gate and delivers nationally broadcast speech from its ramparts.

Question 3.
Do you know the importance of this fort in history?
Answer:
The Red Fort is a historic fort in the cityof Delhi in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors.

Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort on 12th May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi.

On August 15th 1947, the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru/raised the Indian National Flag above the Lahori Gate.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Analyze the reasons, why Akbar rose to prominence among the Mughal emperors.
Answer:

1. Akbar proved to be a thoughtful and open-minded leader.
2. His record of unbeaten military campaigns that consolidated Mughal rule in the Indian subcontinent is still unbeaten.
3. He encouraged interreligious dialogue and patronized literature and the arts.
4. He took away all of the laws against non-Muslims, promoted religious tolerance, and established a strong central government.

These are the reasons behind Akbar rose to prominence amongthe Mughal emperors.

Question 2.
Appreciate the work of the Mughals in architecture and sculpture.
Answer:
Mughal architecture is a remarkably symmetrical and decorative amalgam of Persian, Turkish, and Indian architecture.

Mughal architecture first developed and flourished during the reign of Akbar. Humayun’s Tomb, the sandstone mausoleum of Akbar’s father, was built during this period of Mughal architecture.

Architecture reached its peak in refinement and attention to detail under Shah Jahan (1628-1658), who commissioned the famous Taj Mahal.

The Mughal sculpture was the amalgamation of both Hindu and Persian styles of Sculptures. …

Some of the masterpieces of the Indo Islamic Sculpture are Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza and Jami Masjid from the period of Delhi Sultanate and Taj Mahal, Jama Mosque and Red Fort from the Mughal Era.

Question 3.
Explain “why Shivaji’s personality is glorious”
Answer:
With the following reasons Sivaji’s personality is glorious.

1. Shivaji is known as one of the greatest organizers in history….
2. An efficient general and military strategist:…
3. A skillful diplomat: …
4. Brave soldier:…
5. An enlightened administrator: …
6. Respect for others faith:…
7. An inspiring leader: …
8. An obedient son:

Question 4.
Briefly tell about Shersha Sur.
Answer:

1. Sher Shah was the founder of Sur Dynasty.
2. His original name was Farid.
3. He was the son of Hasan Khan, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar.
4. He was given the title Sher Khan for his bravery under the Afghan Rule of Bihar.

Question 5.
Mark the following places in outline map of India.
a) Agra
b) Delhi
c) Punjab
d) Fatehpur Sikri
Answer:

Question 6.
Prepare a timeline chart of the Mughal Empire.
Answer:
Timeline of the Mughal Dynasty.

Mughal Ruler	Period of Rule
1. Babu	1526-1530 CE
2. Humayun	1530 – 1540 CE & 1555 – 1556 CE
3. Akbar	1556-1605 CE
4. Jahangir	1605 -1627 CE
5. Shahryar Mizra (de facto)	1627 -1628 CE
6. Shah Jahan	1628 -1658 CE
7. Aurangzeb	1658- 1707 CE
8. Muhammad Azam Shah (titular)	1707
9. Bahadur Shah -1	1707-1712 CE
10. JahandarShah	1712-1713 CE
11. Farrukhsiyar	1713 -1719 CE
13. Rafi ud-Darajat	1719
14. Shah Jahan II	1719
15. Muhammad Shah	1719 -1748
16. Ahmad Shah Bahadur	1748 -1754
17. Alamgir II	1754 -1759
18. Shah Jahan III (titular)	1759 -1760
19. Shah Alam II	1760 -1806
20. Jahan Shah IV (titular)	1788
21. Akbar II	1806 -1837
22. Bahadur Shah II	1837 -1857

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. The musician we found in Akbar’s court …………….
a) Tansen
b) Abul Fazal
c) Raja Birbal
d) Raja Todarmal
Answer:
a) Tansen

2. Find out the odd one.
a) Akbar
b) Humayun
c) Shershah
d) Jahangir
Answer:
c) Shershah

3. IbadatKhana is situated in …………….
a) Fatehpur sikri
b) Delhi
c) Jahangirabad
d) Aurangabad
Answer:
a) Fatehpur sikri

4. Identify the miss matched pair:
a) Qutubminar – Flumayun
b) Tansen – Rag Dipak.
c) Abul Fhajal – Akbar Nama
d) Shivaji – Rayaghar
Answer:
a) Qutubminar – Flumayun

5. Contemporary Mughal ruler of Shivaji.
a) Akbar
b)Babar
c) Jahangir
d) Aurangzeb
Answer:
d) Aurangzeb

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Copper Coin	a) Shah Jahan
2. Mansabdar	b) Autobiography
3. Taj Mahal	c) Minister
4. Todarmal	d) Dam
5. Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri	e) Rank

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Copper Coin	d) Dam
2. Mansabdar	e) Rank
3. Taj Mahal	a) Shah Jahan
4. Todarmal	c) Minister
5. Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri	b) Autobiography

7th Class Social 7th Lesson Mughal Empire InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 5

Question 1.
Collect some tales about Akbar – Birbal.
Answer:
1. The Crows in The Kingdom :
On one fine sunny day, Akbar and Birbal were taking a leisurely walk in the palace gardens. Suddenly, Akbar thought of testing Birbal’s wits by asking him a tricky question. Emperor asked Birbal, “How many crows are there in our kingdom?” Birbal could sense the amusement in the king’s voice, and within a few minutes Birbal replied, “My king, there are eighty thousand nine hundred and seventy-one crows in our kingdom”. Surprised and amazed, Akbar further tested Birbal, “What if we have more crows?” Birbal replied, “Oh, then the crows from the other kingdoms must be visiting us”.” What if there are lesser crows?” asked Akbar. “Well, then some of our crows must be visiting other kingdoms”, replied Birbal with a grin on his face. Akbar smiled at Birbal’s great sense of humour and wit.

Moral :There is always a solution if one thinks with ease.

2. Birbal’s Khichadi :
Once on a cold winter day, Akbar and Birbal were walking by a lake. Akbar stopped and put his finger into the freezing water and immediately took it out . saying, “I don’t think anyone can sustain a night in this cold water”. Birbal took that as a challenge and said that he would find someone who can do it. Akbar promised a sum of 1000 gold coins to whoever could spend a night standing in the cold water of the lake. Soon, Birbal found a poor man who agreed to undertake the challenge for the 1000 gold coins. Guarded by two royal guards, the poor man spent the entire night standing in the freezing water.

In the morning, the paor man was taken to court for the reward. On being asked by the king how he could stand in freezing water/the man replied, “My lord, I kept looking at a lamp that was burning at a distance, and spent my entire night looking at it”. On learning this, the emperor said, “This man is not worthy of the reward as he could manage to stand in the lake because he was getting warmth from the lamp”. The poor man felt doomed and heart-broken. He reached out to Birbal for help.

Birbal didn’t go to the court the next day. Akbar visited Birbal to find the reason. To his amusement, the King found Birbal sitting beside the fire with a pot hanging almost 6 feet above it. On being enquired, Birbal said, “I am cooking khichadi, my lord”. Akbar started laughing and said that was impossible. Birbal said, “It is possible my King. If a poor man can stay warm by simply looking at the lamp burning at a distance, I can cook this khichadi the same way.” Akbar understood Birbal’s point and rewarded the poor man for completing the challenge.
Moral: I Hope can inspire people to work hard.

3. The Foolish Thief :
Once upon a time, a rich merchant was robbed in King Akbar’s kingdom. The grief-stricken merchant went to the court and asked for help. Akbar asked Birbal to help the merchant find, the robber. The merchant told Birbal that he was suspicious of one of his servants. On getting the hint from the merchant, Birbal summoned all the servants and told them to stand in a straight line.

When asked about the robbery, everyone denied doing it, as expected. Birbal then handed over one stick of the same length, to each one of them. While dispersing, Birbal said, “By tomorrow, the robber’s stick will increase by two inches”. The next day when Birbal summoned everyone and inspected their sticks, one servant’s stick was shorter by two inches. On being asked by the merchant about the mystery of finding the real thief, Birbal said, “It was simple: the thief had cut his stick by two inches, fearing that it would increase in size”.

Moral: Truth always prevails.

4. Wise Birbal:
Once upon a time, King Akbar lost a ring that was very precious to him. This ring was a gift from his father and losing it made the king very sad. Akbar summoned Birbal and requested him to find the ring. The court was full of courtiers. Birbal announced, “My great king, the ring is right here in the courtroom, and the one who has the ring has a straw stuck in his beard/’ Everyone started looking at each other, and one of the courtiers started touching his beard to find the straw. Birbal called the guards and asked them to search the suspect. On searching the suspect, the ring was retrieved. Akbar was amazed at how Birbal managed to find the ring. Birbal said, “My King, the one who is guilty will always feel scared”.

Moral: The guilty conscience needs no accusation.

5. The Farmer’s Well:
Once upon a time, a clever man sold his well to a farmer. The next day, when the farmer went to the well to fetch some water, the man said that he only sold the well and not its water. The farmer did not know what to do, and with a sad heart, he went to Akbar’s court. Birbal was told to take care of the case. The following day, the man who sold the well along with the farmer was called to the court. The clever man made the same statement – he had sold his well, not the water in it. On learning this, Birbal said, “My friend, in that case, you either remove your water from the well or pay tax for your water because it is the farmer’s well.” The man realised his mistake and asked for forgiveness as he felt helpless and outwitted.

Moral: If you cheat, you will pay for your deeds.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 6

Question 2.
Collect the letter from library / internet writen by Aurangzeb to his teacher, discuss in the classroom.
Answer:
AURANGAZEB’S LETTER TO HIS TEACHER :
Sir! What do you expect from me? Is there any justification in your asking that I, in my capacity of a famous Muslim ruler, should take you into my court? May be your request would have been reasonable if you had imparted education to me in proper way. A student, who receives good education, should respect his teacher as he respects his father. But, what have you taught me? Firstly, you taught saying that Europe means a small island called Portugal, that the king of that country alone is great, in the next position is the king of Holland and then comes the king of England. You also said the king of the France and Spain are like the petty rulers in our country and that the King of Hindustan are greater than all those Kings, that they are the emperors who conquered the whole world and the kings of Persia, Uzbek, Tartar, China, Eastern China, Pegu, Machina, will shiver at the mere mentioning of the names of Hindustan kings.

Ah! You have taught excellent history and Geography, indeed! Instead, you should have taught me about the different countries in the world and their varied interests, the strengths and weaknesses of those kings, their war strategies, their customs, religions, Government policies, the advantages, History, progress, downfall, what disasters and blunders had led to great changes and revolutions-you should have taught me all these things. I did not learn anything from you regarding the great men, who established the Mughal empire. You did not teach me anything about their life histories. You did not teach about the policies and the strategies that they followed to achieve glorious victories.

You wanted me to learn how to read and write Arabic. You wasted much of my time on something, which cannot be mastered unless I worked hard for ten to twelve years. Perhaps, in your opinion, it is a great thing if a prince becomes a great linguist and a perfect grammarian. May be you thought this esteem is enhanced by learning other languages and foreign languages instead of learning his mother tongue, the language of his people and the languages of neighboring states! Infact, he does not need these languages. Time is quite precious duringthe childhood forthe people like me, who belong to the royal family, since we have to shoulder so many responsibilities. There is an urgent need to learn many things during the limited time that is available to us. You have wasted all my time in teaching Arabic for such a long time, which was boring activity. Study of an Arabic was tragic event in my life. It was useless pursuit. I had to learn it with extreme reluctance. It has even blunted my intellect. (Persian was the official language at that time).

Don’t you knpw that happy childhood memories are preserved forever, that thousands of things can be learned which makes everlasting impression on the young minds and that because of their influence, he can be mentally prepared to take up greater responsibilities? Is it not possible to learn the laws, prayers, and sciences in our mother tongue instead of learning them in Arabic?

I cannot say how long you had taught me that kind of speculative knowledge. I could only remember that those ugly and horrible vocabulary which could surprise and confuse even the most intelligent people. Ignorant egoists like you, who would like to hide their bad qualities, must have created such words. By listening to such bombastic words, we should think that you are knowledgeable and omniscient! We should think that those wonderful words contain some wonderful inner meaning, which could be understood only by scholars like you!

You should have trained me to be a person with analytical thinking. You should have taught me the techniques of being a person of equanimity and imperturbable mind! You should have told me the laws and grandeur of the universe and the fundamental principles of life. You should have filled my mind with this kind of practical philosophy. Had you done these things, I would have shown you same kind of reverence that Alexander showed to his teacher Aristotle. I would have helped you more than that.

Instead of raising me to the skies with flattery, you should have taught me the essentials of being a good king. You should have given me the knowledge of a king’s responsibilities towards his subjects and their responsibilities towards the king. You should have foreseen that a day would came when I should use the sword in the battle with my brother. You should have taught me how to lay siege to a town and rally the soldiers who are scattered in confusion. However, I learned all these things from others, but not from you.

Therefore, now you must go to your village. I will not help you in any manner. Let not the people know who are you. Lead the rest of your life as an ordinary citizen.

Discussion :
Childhood is a good period of learning because a well-taught child remember all the good things taught him then all his life. These things prepare him to be good and noble in life. It is useless to teach a child the law, religion and sciences in a foreign language. A child taught well in his childhood is surely a good and noble man.

Aurangzeb’s last advice to his former tutor is to go back to his village from where he had come to teach him. He tells him to hide himself in a remote village. Nobody should know about his position as a teacher. Nobody should about his position as a teacher. Nobody should also know that he has been censored by the emperor for teaching him in a wrong way. This is some sort of punishment to the bad teacher.

Question 3.
Locate the following places in the outline map of India.
Delhi, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Chittorgarh, Ahmednagar.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 8

Question 4.
Discuss with your teacher the method of levying agricultural tax during the Mughal period.
Answer:
Land comprised the main tax base, along with a few other taxes including import and export duties, and tributes from states controlled by the Mughals. Indian history
emphasizes the imposition of jizya, a progressive income tax on non-Muslims with an exemption for minimum wagers.

Chauth and Sardeshmukhl

Chauth…’ was 1? 4 of the government revenue paid by Mughal officers.

In addition to this, the sardeshmuki was another ten percent tax.

Previously, the Mughal emperors collected taxes by relying upon a decentralized network of local administrators called zamindars. Acting as local aristocratic landlords, they collected taxes from peasants and sent a set quota to the state. But much of this revenue never made it to the emperor.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 10

Question 5.
Take your favorite story from Akbar – Birbal stories and role play the conversation between Akbar – Birbal in that story with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
The Story of how Birbal came to Akbar’s court Emperor Akbar loved to go hunting. On one such trip, he came across a young man named Mahesh Das. In the meeting that occurred, the Emperor was extremely impressed by the wit of Mahesh Das. The Emperor gave Mahesh Das his ring and asked him to come and visit him in his palace at any time. A few years later Mahesh Das decided to try his luck in the city and to take the emperor up on his offer.

He reached the city of Agra where Emperor Akbar had his fort on the banks of the Yamuna River. At the gate of the fort he was greeted by the guards. He told them that he had come to visit with the emperor. The guards looked at him in disdain (since he was not very well dressed) and asked him why they should let him in. He showed them the ring that was given to him by the emperor as proof.

One of the guards realized that this individual obviously was of importance to the emperor and gave him permission to enter, based on one condition: the young man would share half of what he received from the emperor with the guard. Mahesh Das promised to do so and was given access into the court of Emperor Akbar. He bowed to the emperor as he went in and showed him the ring. The reputedly benevolent Emperor Akbar recognized the ring and the young man and immediately offered him anything he wanted.

The young man thought a while, and asked the emperor for fifty lashes of the whip. The emperor was amazed but he knew that Mahesh Das was a very astute young man and asked him for his reason for his wish. Mahesh Das revealed to the emperor that deal that he had made with the guard outside the fort.

The emperor was thoroughly amused and angry at the same time. He awarded the fifty lashes to the guard for his impertinence and his habit of bullying people. He rewarded Mahesh Das by including him in his court and giving him all the comforts he could desire. He also bestowed on him the name of Birbal.

ROLE PLAY : Students’ Activity with the help of teacher.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 11

Question 6.
Collect the detailed names of the Navaratnas in the court of Akbar.
Answer:
Navaratnas in Akbar Court – Abdul Fazl, Abdul Rahim Khan -1 – Khana, Birbal, Mulla Do – Piyaza Faizi, Raja Man Singh, Raja Todarmal, Fakir Aziao – Din.and Tansen

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 3

Question 1.
Analyze the reasons why the Miighal Empire was first established in northern India.
Answer:
In 1526 a Turkic Prince, Babur (who was a descendent of the Turkic conqueror, Timur, and the Mongol ruler, Genghis Khan), set out to take control over the Punjab region in India. From his base in Kabul, Afghanistan, Babur took control of the Punjab region and was able to defeat Ibrahim Lodi, the Delhi Sultan. This battle is known as the First Battle of Panipat. Babur’s thirst for the conquest of India is said to have been inspired by Timur’s raids on India during the 14th century. Babur military success is significantly owned to his . use of firearms and the superiority and experience of his cavalry. Consequently, by Babur’s death in 1530, the Mughal’s controlled most of Northern India.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 5

Question 2.
What would have happened in the Mughal Empire, if there was no Bhairam Khan in the life of Akbar?
Answer:
If really Bhairam Khan was not there in the life of Akbar after death of Humayun, the Mughal Empire may have come to an end.

Question 3.
Many Rajput rulers joined Akbar’s court. But Ranapratap did not. Why?
Answer:
Maharana refuse to bow to Akbar because he was a Turk who could not be trusted.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 9

Question 4.
Compare the present land revenue system to that of Mughal system.
Answer:
During the Mughal period the land revenue was decided on the basis of

1. Measurement of land
2. Productivity of the land
3. 1/3 rd of the produce to be paid in cash.

Present land revenue system : In India at present government impose’land revenue in two ways.

1. The tax on wet land is more
2. The tax on dry land is less.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 4

Question 1.
What were the circumstances that led to Sher Shah coming into power?
Answer:
One of the great Muslim rulers of India, Sher Shah rose from the rank of private to become emperor, efficiently administered the army and tax collections, and built roads, rest houses, and wells for his people. He was generally tolerant of non-Muslims, except in his massacre of Hindus after the surrender of Raisen. His tomb at Sasaram is one of the most magnificent in India.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 8

Question 2.
“Din-l-llahi could not become a popular”. Why? Ask your teacher to know more about it.
Answer:

1. Din-l-Ilahi was an elite religious movement, formulated by the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late 16th Century A.D.
2. Why it could not become a people’s movement because it was the idea of combine all religious faiths.
3. It was not a successful movement as the successors were not as liberal and tolerant as Akbar and therefore they did not promote it.
4. Also, the more Orthodox Muslims were not ready to accept other religious practices.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 11

Question 3.
Browse internet or go through the library books to know more about the miniature paintings of Mughal period and identify its peculiar features.
Answer:
Mughal miniatures were small (many not more than a few square inches), brightly colored, and highly detailed paintings mostly used to illustrate manuscripts and art books. Despite their tiny sizes, they are incredibly precise, with some lines painted using brushes composed of a single hair.

Project Work

Briefly write about your favourite heritage structure of Mughal period along with its picture.
Answer:
My favorite heritage structure is Taj mahal. The Taj Mahal, a World Heritage Site was built between 1630-49 by the emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.[1] Its construction took 22 years and required 22,000 laborers and 1,000 elephants, at a cost of 32 million rupees, (corresponding to US $ 827 million in 2015) It is a large, white marble structure standing on a square plinth and consists of a symmetrical building with an iwan (an arch-shaped doorway) topped by a large dome and finial.

The building’s longest plane of symmetry runs through the entire complex except for the sarcophagus of Shah Jahan, which is placed off centre in the crypt room below the main floor. This symmetry is extended to the building of an entire mirror mosque in red sandstone, to complement the Mecca-facing mosque placed to the west of the main structure. Parchin kari, a method of decoration on a large scale-inlaid work of jewels and Jali work has been used to decorate the structure.

Read Genghis Khan Novel by Tenneti Suri and write important points.
Answer:
Important points from Tenneti Suri’s Novel about Genghis Khan :

1. Genghis Khan was Mongloian ruler who became one of the world’s most powerful military leaders who joined with the Mongol tribes and started the Mongol Empire.
2. He was a very strong and powerful emperor who occupied much of China and some surrounding countries of China.
3. Because of his military success people referred to him as Genghis, meaning “Universe Ruler”.
4. Genghis Khan died in the Liupan mountains in North-Western China in August 1227 A.D.

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 13th Lesson Women Change the World Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 13th Lesson Questions and Answers Women Change the World

7th Class Social 13th Lesson Women Change the World Textbook Questions and Answers

Review of Your Previous Knowledge

Observe the given pictures and respond to the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you observe in the above picture? Have you ever seen this?
Answer:
A women is ploughing the land in the above picture. Yes, I have seen this in our village.

Question 2.
Do you support the notion that women have the same abilities as men? Explain.
Answer:
Yes. I support that women have the same abilities as men. Men and women have the same relative muscular strength.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
In this lesson you learnt about some inspiring women. Write about the accomplishments of any two women you know.
Answer:
PT USHA :
USHA became the first Indian women to reach the final of an Olympic Event. She is the youngest Indian Sprinter, at 16, to compete in the Olympics at the 1980 Moscow games and won the first medal of the 1982 Asian Games in track and field.

She received the Arjuna Award and Padma Shri Award.

Bachendri Pal:
Indian Mountaineer who in 1984 became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

She was received the Padma Shri Award in 1984,

Question 2.
“The stereotypes that men can do anything and woman can only do certain things is an impediment to women’s progress.” Comment.
Answer:
The above statement is not correct. At present stereotype between men and women has been disappearing.

Today women also equally paid and treated along with the men.

If opportunities are provide women can do far better than men in various spheres.
Ex : Sunitha Williams, Smt Indira Gandhi.

Question 3.
Support the notion that woman have the equal capabilities as men by two examples.
Answer:

1. Enjoy Equal access to education and the opportunity to develop personal ambitions, interests and talents.
2. Sports : Women also equally participated and achieve their targets.
3. IAS officers etc.
4. Administration at home or outside.

Question 4.
Mention the issues you think that we need to fight for women.
Answer:
Issues of women, we need to fight

1. Domestic violence
2. Equal pay for equal work
3. Marital law
4. Welfare policies and education etc.

Question 5.
“Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting education.” Can you justify this statement?
Answer:
The above statement is not true. There are several reasons behind it.

1. In many parts of the country, especially in rural and poor areas, there are neither proper schools nor teachers who teach them on a regular basis. ,
2. There is no transport facility.
3. Many families are very poor.
4. They are unable to bear the cost of educating all their children.
5. In such a situation boys get preference and girls are forced to stay indoor.

Question 6.
Write some slogans that emphasize the importance of women’s equality.
Answer:
Slogan on the importance of women’s equality.

1. A woman’s place is in the house and in the senate.
2. Dignity, respect and justice for all.
3. Equality for all.
4. Rise of the women = rise of the nation.
5. The future is female.
6. Women holdup half the sky.

Question 7.
Write about the purpose of ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ campaign.
Answer:
The main purpose of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign is to save the girl child, educate the girl child.

The main aim of Government of India is to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls in India.

The scheme was launched with an initial funding of 100 crore rupees.

It was launched by our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 22nd January 2015.

Question 8.
Prepare some slogans on Women Empowerment.
Answer:
Best women empowerment slogans.

1. Pink doesn’t mean weak.
2. Make our voices heard.
3. Our consent is important.
4. We are more than someone’s something.
5. Humans first.
6. Education not discrimination.

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. The percentage of working women are engaged in agricultural work as per NSS 61st round (2004-05)
a) 89.6
b) 91.7
c) 83.6
d) 65.2
Answer:
c) 83.6

2. ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ campaign was launched in this year.
a) 2012
b)2013
c) 2014
d)2015
Answer:
d)2015

3. “International Women’s day” was celebrated on.
a) 15th March
b) 7th April
c) 8th March
d) 11th July
Answer:
c) 8th March

4. The first woman scientist to receive the Padma Shri award was
a) Janaki Ammal
b) Nandini Harinadh
c) Kadambari Ganguli
d) Anna Marii
Answer:
a) Janaki Ammal

5. The state that banned arrack as a result of the Women’s movement in 1993.
A) Tamil Nadu
b) Andhra Pradesh
c) Gujarat
d) Kerala
Answer:
b) Andhra Pradesh

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1) Mithali Raj	a) Environmentalist
2) Vandana Shiva	b) Commando Trainer
3) Seema Rao	c) Cricketer
4) Pranjal Patil	d) Scientist
5) Nandini Harinath	e) I.A.S. Officer

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1) Mithali Raj	c) Cricketer
2) Vandana Shiva	a) Environmentalist
3) Seema Rao	b) Commando Trainer
4) Pranjal Patil	e) I.A.S. Officer
5) Nandini Harinath	d) Scientist

7th Class Social 13th Lesson Women Change the World InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 85

Question 1.
Who perform what?
In your area who is doing the below mentioned professions.

Professions	Women	Men
Police	✓	✓
Doctor	✓	✓
Shop keeper	✓	✓
Farmer	✓	✓
Scientist	✓	✓
Driver	✓	✓

From the above table, what is your observation?
Answer:
According to the above table, women can also achieve success in every profession, if opportunities are given to her.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 88

Question 2.
Gather information about the women in your area who have broken the stereotypes and achieved success. Discuss in your classroom.
Answer:
Mahatma poojary as Kabaddi queen she broke the stereotypes and achieve success in the Kabaddi game. And she make her village and country proud. Her team won 12 gold medals for India.

Question 3.
Read the poem ‘Anadha1 written by Sri Gurram Jashva.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 89

Question 4.
Discuss the reasons why girls dropout of school in your village.
Answer:
The following factors responsible

1. Wage work by childen.
2. Household chores.
3. Sibling case responsibility
4. Collecting minor forest products
5. Grazing cattle etc.
6. Migration of families
7. Highcost of education etc.

The present study was undertaken to know the various reasons of school dropouts amongst girls in various areas.

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 85

Question 1.
Are the women in your area able to exercise their rights equally with men?
Answer:
Yes, women in our area are able to exercise their rights equally with men.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 86

Question 2.
Which of the above tasks do you think men can only do?
Answer:
No, there is no profession that only men can do.

Women can also achieve success in every profession.

Question 3.
Which of the above tasks do you think women can only do?
Answer:
No, there is no profession separate that only can women do.
Men and women are equal in all professions.

Question 4.
Is it fair to assume that women cannot do what men do? Why?
Answer:
No, women can do everything that men can.

If opportunity and support and equal treatment is given to women they can also achieve their goals.

Ex : Seema Rao is the country’s first won Commando trainer. She has trained over 15,000 soldiers in close-quarter battles.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 87

Question 5.
What can be done to overcome these challenges in the family and the community?
Answer:

1. We should be create awareness about the importance of women in the community.
2. Should provide education and employment opportunities to women.
3. Men and women should be counselled regarding gender bias.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 89

Question 6.
How women’s rights movements have contributed to the realization of women’s rights?
Answer:
Women have struggled for equality and against oppression for centuries and also some battles have been partly won

Such as the right to vote and equal access to education. Here are some examples :

1. Examples :
During French Revolution form very beginning onwards women revolt for right to vote and equality along with men.

2. North America :
Women’s movement for to go to school.

3. Women’s movements for equitable pay with men.

In the above movements women were successuful to gain right to vote, equality, education fields etc.

So women’s right movements helpful to development of women.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 89

Question 1.
Find out about the ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ campaign.
Answer:
The key elements of the scheme include Enforcement of PC & PNDT Act, national wide awareness and advocacy campaign and multi – sectoral action in selecting 100 districts in first phase.

There is a strong emphasis on mindset change through training, sansitization, awareness raising and community mobilisation on ground.

Since the launch of Beti Bachao – Beti Padhao, the multi-sectoral District Action Plans have been operationalized in almost all states.

The initiative has received great response.

Observe the below situations:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 86

SITUATION -1:
Dussehra holidays were given. Dharani asked her mother to go to Grand-mother’s village “I don’t know, ask dad”, said mother. Dharani asked her father. “The girl should not go,alone.
Go with your younger brother” said father.
1. What does the above scene convey?
Answer:
Above scene conveys that a girl could not take her own decision.

2. Is the notion that girls cannot travel alone justifiable?
Answer:
No, it is not.

SITUATION -2 :

Rangayya and Rajamma work as construction workers.
Rangayya is given Rs. 500 per day but Rajamma is given only Rs. 300.
1. Is it fair for women to be paid less than men for equal work? Why?
Answer:
No, it is not fair for women to be paid less than men for equal work.
Because both men and women are doing the same work. So the difference in payment is not accetable.

SITUATION – 3 :

Vinay passed with good marks in tenth class. He told his father that he would join Hotel management course. “That is a course for girls. Why do you choose it? Join course that can be useful to become Engineer or Doctor” Father said.
1. Is it fair to divide the courses taken by female and the courses taken by male? Is there a difference in education on the basis of gender?
Answer:
No. It is not. There is no differene in education on the basis of gender.

SITUATION – 4 :

Bhavana and Sailaja passed 10th class Bhavana told her parents that she would study well to become a collector. They admitted Bhavana in a reputed college. Sailaja also said the same to her parents. But her parents said that the higher education for women was unnecessary and they would marry her.

1. What do you think is the reason for the differences in the way parents think?
Answer:
Many be because of their financial status.

2. Why the girl was not supported to continue her studies?
Answer:
Because her parents might think that it is a waste of money to spend on girls education. Due to lack of awareness about the importance of girls education.

Project Work

Question 1.
Prepare a scrap book with prominent women personalities and their achievements.
Answer:

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 12th Lesson Markets Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 12th Lesson Questions and Answers Markets Around Us

7th Class Social 12th Lesson Markets Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Review of Your Previous Knowledge

Introductory Pictures
Question 1.
What do the above pictures convey?
Answer:
The picture tells us about a market.

Question 2.
Why do people gather there?
Answer:
People gather there to buy vegetables, fruits and provisions, clothes etc.

Question 3.
What kind of things are sold there?
Answer:
Fruits, vegetables, clothes, provisions etc., which are our daily needs are sold there.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is a market? Briefly explain different types of markets.
Answer:
A market is a place where buyers and sellers interact with each other.

Types of Markets :
Depending upon the nature and geographical location, markets can be broadly classified into two types. ^

They are :
i) Physical Markets and
ii) E- Markets

1) Physical Markets : A Physical market is a place where buyers can physically meet the sellers and purchase the desired items from them.

Types of Physical Markets :

1. Local market
2. Regional market
3. National market
4. International Market
5. Neighbourhood market

2) E – Market: We can place orders through our mobile phone or a computer device with internet and can buy a variety of things which we like without stepping out from our home.

Question 2.
“Weekly markets are gradually disappearing”. Do you agree with this statement? If so, mention the reasons.
Answer:
Yes. I agree with the statement by the following reasons.

1. Heavy competition from Rythu Bazaars.
2. Weekly market vendors face mass competition from local shops, supermarket like Big Bazars D-Mart, etc.
3. Lack of Formal Credit Access.
4. Lack of space for market, etc.

Question 3.
“Festival days increase sales” do you agree, support your answer.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement.

1. It’s because, Indian festivals are celebrated in a big way.
2. Every festival has certain rituals to follow and we worship different gods and goddesses.
3. Then, there is a practice of wearing new clothes while offering puja as it’s new, fresh and gives sacred feeling.
4. Sd, people buy new clothes during festivals.
5. People use to do lots of shopping during festivals to decorate their home, they bring new clothes, sweets and gifts for their relatives and friends.

Question 4.
Prepare a list of goods available in a weekly market and compare them with the goods available in neighbour markets.
Answer:

Goods available in Weekly Market	Goods available in Neightbour markets
1) Vegetables	1) Books
2) Grains	2) Medicines
3) Animals	3) Eatables
4) Forest Products, etc.	4) Groceries
	5) Toys & Kids articles, etc.

Weekly Markets: Shops are temporary.
Neighbour Markets : Shops are permanent.

Question 5.
What is the aim of Consumer Protection Act 2019?
Answer:
It aims to provide timely and effective administration and settlement of consumer dispute in the digital age.

Question 6.
Write any three consumer rights.
Answer:
Following are the Rights of consumers.
1) Right to safety :
Certain goods may cause serious injuries. These goods are pressure cookers, gas cylinders, electrical goods, etc.

If there is any manufacturing defects in the goods, consumers have right to be protected against their fatal risk.

2) Right to be informed :
A consumer has the right to be informed about the quality, quantity and price of the product.

3) Right to Choose :
The consumer has the right to choose the product of his choice out of the alternative products available.

4) Right to seek redressal :
Consumer have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation.

Question 7.
Prasad makes a living by selling his two buffalo milk. Can it be called business? If so, what advice would you give to expand his business on a large scale?
Answer:
Yes, it is called a business.
Suggestions to expand the business :

1. He take the loan from the bank for the business.
2. Provide best shelter to cattle and nutritious fodder.
3. Find suitable market and transport facilities.
4. Tie up with diary products, industries, hotels, etc., to increase business opportunity.

II. Choose the correct answers.

1. A person fixed a sum of amount in a National bank and is getting monthly income on it. This income return is known as.
A) Salary
B) Rent
C) Interest
D) Commission
Answer:
C) Interest

2. In which of the following markets are the goods available at cheaper rates.
A) Shopping Mall
B) Weekly Markets
C) E-Market
D) Neighbour Markets
Answer:
B) Weekly Markets

3. Which of the following goods has a demand in the International market?
A) Gold
B) Jewellery
C) Petroleum
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

4. People who buy goods on large scale are known as.
A) Wholesaler
B) Retailer
C) Trader
D) None
Answer:
A) Wholesaler

5. For online shopping we can pay through the following method
A) Net banking
B) Credit Card
C) Debit card
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

III. Match the following.

1. Internet Banking	a) Shopping Malls
2. International Market	b) Producer
3. Farmer	c) Petroleurn
4. Multinational Companies	d) Digital Payments
	e) Retailer

Answer:

1. Internet Banking	d) Digital Payments
2. International Market	c) Petroleurn
3. Farmer	b) Producer
4. Multinational Companies	a) Shopping Malls

IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. ……………… is the return for Land.
2. A person who buys goods and services is known as ………………..
3. The persons who finally sell goods to consumers are known as …………….
4. On which day date we observe National consumers day ………………..
Answer:

1. Rent
2. Consumer
3. Retailer
4. 24th December

7th Class Social 12th Lesson Markets Around Us InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 76

Question 1.
Collect and display different images of various shopping malls. Ans. Student Activity.
Answer:
Ex:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 77

Question 2.
Distinguish between shopping malls and shopping complexes.
Answer:
Shopping malls :
Large muity storeyed, air-conditions shops on different floors known as malls. We can buy various branded goods. They also have restaurents, banks, multiplexes, spas etc.

Shopping Complex :
The place where people can buy various products in different shops at one places. These may be identified in small towns as well.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 79

Question 3.
Visit a wholesale shop and collect the prices of different goods and compare the same with the prices of a retail shop.
Answer:

Prices in a Wholesale shop	Price in Retail shop
1. Cello pin point Ball pen – (Pack of 10 pens) – 85/-	Cello pin point Ball pen (Pack to 10 pens) – 100/-
2. Classmate notebook – 31/-	Classmate notebook – 50/-
3. Bicycle price – 8,720/-	Bicycle price -10,225/-
4. Idly Ravva – 23/-	Idly Ravva – 30/-

Question 4.
Collect the products that come from farms and prepare a list. Categorise them into perishable and non-perishable goods.
Answer:
Agriculture commodities in India :

1. Rice
2. Milk
3. Wheat
4. Mangoes
5. Guavas
6. Sugarcane
7. Cotton
8. Bananas
9. Potatoes
10. Groundnuts, etc.

Perishable Goods	Non-Perishable Goods
1. Milk	1. Rice
2. Mangoes	2. Wheat
3. Guavas	3. Cotton
4. Sugarcane	4. Potatoes
5. Bananas	5. Ground Nuts

Question 5.
List the goods that are locally cultivated or manufactured in your area.
Answer:
Goods from agricultural lands :
1) Crops – Food crops & Non-Food Crops

1. Paddy
2. Sugarcane
3. Vegetables
4. Chillies
5. Cotton
6. Pulses etc.

2) Manufactured

1. Bricks
2. Paper boxes
3. Kalamkari products
4. Handicrafts
5. Milk products etc.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 80

Question 6.
Prepare a list of goods and categories them into paid goods and free goods.
Answer:

Free Goods	Paid Goods
Free goods : Air, River water in the village, sunlight, etc.	Paid Goods : Pen, notebooks, clothes, etc.
Services : Education in govt, school. Health treatment in govt, hospital etc.	Services : Education in Private school. Health treatment in Private hospital.

Question 7.
Collect the information about occupations of different sectors.
Answer:
Our entire economy is divided into 3 sectors.
1) Primary Sector:
Occupations in Primary Sector :

1. Agriculture
2. Cattle rearing
3. Mining
4. Forestry
5. Fishing
6. Poultry, etc.

2) Secondary Sector:
Occupations in Secondary Sector :

1. Constructional Activities
2. Manufacturing Activities

3) Tertiary Sector:
Service Sector occupations : Banking, commerce, communications, real estates, doctors, lawyers, teachers, transportation, etc.

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 71 & 72

→ Kamala and her son Balu went to the market on Sunday morning. Balu noticed, a variety of fruits and vegetables there. He also noticed fruit and vegetable shops, as well as grocery and fancy shops, Balu’s mother, bought some fruits and vegetables from the market. Meanwhile, Balu asked the fruit seller for mangoes, but he replied that the mangoes were only available during the summer and now they are not available because of the winter. The boy then asked his mother for a cricket bat. So she bought it. Finally, they left the market with the goods they had bought.
Read the above paragraph and answer the questions (1-3).
1. What did Balu observed in the Market?
Answer:
Baiu observed variety of fruits, vegetables, groceries, and fancy shops, and sports goods like cricket bat etc.

2. What did Baiu and his mother bought in the Market?
Answer:
Fruits, vegetables and cricket bat.

3. Write about the market of your home town / village.
Answer:
I live in a small town. In our town there is a small market next to busstand. It contains various shops like groceries, fruit venders, vegetables venders etc. It get vegetables twice a week from Banglore. Once in a week, local market / santa will be arranged next to the market. People with buy various goods on that day.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 72

Observe the above pictures and answer the following questions (4-7) :

4. Which shop is in the first picture?
Answer:
Cloth shop, various kinds of clothes, dresses are sold here.

5. What are the persons doing in the first picture?
Answer:
Shop keepers, salesmen show their products to consumers and help them to buy their

6. What do you observe in the second picture?
Answer:
Various kinds of goods / groceries required at home are sold here in grocery shops.

7. Name some items kept in the shelves of the general store.
Answer:
Biscuits, paste, bread, soaps, dish clean items, pens, bread, mosquito coils, popcorn, chips packets etc.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 73

Question 8.
Differentiate between National and International Markets.
Answer:
National Markets :
The market which have scope for trade through out the country. Goods will be kept available for consumption across the country. Ex : Coconut products have market across the country.

International Market :
Trading of goods and services among the various countries is known as international market. Ex: Oil from OPEC countries, Electronic goods from Japan, China, Spices from India.

Question 9.
What is the importance of local markets?
Answer:

1. Goods and services kept available for consumption in our neighbourhood areas.
2. Farmers, small sale producers find market for their products.
3. Since they are available from nearby places, the goods may be priced low than international or national markets.
4. They help to circulate flow of money in their habitation and help to achieve prosperity.

Question 10.
Name some spices which are available in your local markets.
Answer:
Pepper, chilli, turmeric, ginger, dry ginger, oregano, pudina, basil, etc.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 74

Question 11.
What kind of shops do you observe in your neighbourhood? What do you purchase from them?
Answer:

1. Grocery shops, medical shops, fancy stores, shops that sell fruits, vegetables, diary products, tailoring materials, etc.
2. I used to by stationary, milk products, grocery, fruits and vegetables, etc.

Question 12.
What is a digital payment?
Answer:

1. The method which requires internet bank facility that can be operated through mobile opp or through website.
2. Amount will be transfered as payment to trader / seller for the product the consumer purchase.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 75

Question 13.
What are the advantages of Rythu Bazar?
Answer:

1. Rythu Bazar is a place provided for farmers to sell their products to the consumers directly.
2. These markets provide both the producer and consumer get require benefit in their transation by avoiding mediators.
3. Consumers get quality products.

Question 14.
“The prices of goods are cheaper at weekly markets than the neighborhood markets or shopping malls”. Why?
Answer:

1. As the shopkeepers need not pay any rents, and shop maintenance cost will be very less.
2. No need to apy taxes to government.
3. No middle men to gain more profit.
4. As consumers pay immediately, they whish to sell their goods at minimum profits.
5. No cost or less transportation cost.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 75 & 76

→ Sanju and Manu made a visit to a shopping mall, the most exciting and fascinating places they have ever visited. They both wondered at the wandering people Tiere and there. They got on to the battery-operated cars and bikes. They made an exciting trip all around the mall onpayment. Later, their eyes fell on the delicious flavours and different cuisines. They enjoyed the taste of cotton candies, milk shakes and ice creams.

They bought new clothes, shoes, caps and belts. They bought so inany soft toys too. They felt very well satisfied in the mall.
Answer the following questions (15-17) based on the above Information.
Question 15.
Why did Sanju and Manu pay for their enjoyment in the mall?
Answer:
They had ride on battery operated cars and bikes. They purchased eatable products, clothes, shoes, caps, belts, soft toys. They spent their time at various a.musement places.

Question 16.
Why did all the shopping malls make such attractive arrangements as mentioned in the above situation of Sanju and Manu?
Answer:

1. To provide recreation to the people who are vexed with daily routine.
2. People can buy various products at one place.
3. To provide tourist attraction.
4. Kids can find lot of fun by playing various games.

Question 17.
Prepare a list of goods bought by Sanju and Manu.
Answer:
New clothes, shoes, caps, and belts, soft toys, eat sugar candies, milkshakes, and ice creams.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 76

Question 18.
What impact do you think shopping malls run by multinational companies will have on retail business?
Answer:

1. They attract customers by offering discounts and gift vouchers and with wide range of products.
2. Retail business of the local area get affected very badly.
3. Money circulation will shift to out of the state/countries that cause decline on local areas.
4. Small shopkeepers have to close their business.
5. Increase unemployment cause poverty.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 78

Question 19.
How can you buy goods through online markets?
Answer:

1. We can buy goods through mobile apps, online shopping websites.
2. We can verify the colour, quality of products from the information and can place order to deliver our place.

Question 20.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of online .shopping?
Answer:
Advantages:

1. Can find wide range of products with various choices.
2. Can compare prices and qualities to choose the best.
3. Can buy at zero physical stress and product will be door delivered.
4. Can use cash on delivery, pay later etc.

Disadvantages:

1. Can’t assess the quality accurately.
2. Prices may high.
3. Money transactions may get failed or we may be cheated by fraud sellers.
4. If required, return policies may not easy.

Question 21.
How do you pay for online shopping?
Answer:

1. We can pay through credit, debit cards by using digital, payment through online transactions or through UPI payments.
2. Certain companies, shopping sites allow consumers to pay on delivery.

Question 22.
“Buying goods through online market affects the local traders”. Do you agree/disagree with this statement? Give your reasons.
Answer:
Yes, I agree this statement to some extent. Now-a-days the IT revolution made our life easy access through internet. Most of consumers from urban, semi urban areas and few rural areas can buy goods.

This may affect the local shopkeepers business. Money circulation will be shifted from local areas to outside the country. This will destroy our economy.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 79

→ Anwar is a wholesale trader of fruits. He purchases different kinds of fruits in bulk from different areas i.e., Mangoes from Nujiveedu and Ulavapadu, Grapes from Ananthapur and Bangalore, Pomegranate from Sholapur, bananas from Mahanandi and Nandhed and stores them in his warehouse. All the retail fruit merchants and hawkers of the town purchase these fruits from Anwar and then they sell the same to the consumers in the town and in the surrounding villages.

Answer the following questions (23, 24) based on the information given in the above box.
Question 23.
How does a retailer get goods for his shop?
Answer:
He purchase the products (fruits) from wholesale traders.

Question 24.
Why do you think a wholesaler is important in the distribution of goods?
Answer:
Wholesale trader buy goods directly from producer or farmer. He brings products from produced areas to market and keep them availiable for retail traders. They provide market to producers of various places.

Question 25.
“Cottage industries are a boon to the rural unemployed”. Discuss.
Answer:

1. They provide alternate employment to rural people who can’t accomodate in agriculture.
2. Women can Work in cottage industries to get additional income.
3. Various products can have global market which have special qualities.
   Ex : Laces from Narsapur, toys from Kondapalli.

Question 26.
Do you have any cottage industries in your area?
Answer:
Yes, in our village Nandamuru in Krishna district we have carton making factory.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 80

Question 27.
What is the source of income for your family?
Answer:
The main source of income for my family is salary of my father.

Question 28.
How does a farmer earn money for his family needs?
Answer:
Farmers grows crops in his farm. He sell the products in market. Few farmers work with their family members in fields. Small farmers and landless labourers work in other fields. Few of them earn money from other farming activities.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 81

Question 29.
What is the use of Consumer Protection Acts?
Answer:
Use of Consumer Protection Acts: Consumer Protection Acts provide safety and security of their transaction. Help to get protection against cheating, products of low quality exchange of products etc.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 74

Question 1.
Ask you teacher about different e-payments?
Answer:
Different types of e – payments :
1. Credit / Debit card payments :
Payments through cards are most widely used and popular method.

2. Bank transfers :
Customers enrolled in internet banking can do bank transfers for their online purchase.

3. E Wallets :
E wallets require a sign up from merchants as well as customers. After creating an e – wallet account and linking it to the bank account they can withdraw or deposit funds.

4. Moble payments :
To set up a mobile payment method, the customer has to download and link it to the credit card.

5. Cash :
Cash is often used for physical goods and cash-on-delivery transactions.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 77

Question 2.
Collect more information about floating markets and discuss in your class room.
Answer:
A floating market is a market where goods are sold from boats.

Originating in times and places where water transport played an important role in daily life. Most floating markets operating today mainly serve as tourist attractions.

Ex : Kolkata’s Patuli area in West Bengal
Goods : Fruits, vegetables and fish available.

Question 3.
During the Covid 19 pandemic, many people bought goods online. Discuss the reasons for this with your friend.
Answer:
About 59% of people purchased things through online because of, they were practicing social distancing and wanted to minimize their time outside of the home. To avoid the queues in the super market.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 73

Question 1.
What are the goods available in your local market?
Answer:
Mostly perishable goods are available in my local markets.
Ex : Vegetables, fish, eggs, milk, etc.

Question 2.
List out the goods which are available in your region.
Answer:
Mangoes, vegetables, dais, onions, jaggery, kalamkari goods, kondapalli toys, etc., are available in my region.

Question 3.
Name some goods which has a National market.
Answer:
Market for airline travel, smart phones, new cars, pharmaceuticals, products and the markets forfinancial services such as banking, martgages etc., has a National Market

Question 4.
Name some goods which have an international market.
Answer:
Gold & Platinum have an international market.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 74

Question 5.
Read the song “In the Bazaars of Hyderabad” written by Mrs. Sarojini Naidu.
Answer:
In The Bazaars of Hyderabad
What do you sell O ye merchants?
Richly your wares are displayed.
Turbans of crimson and silver,
Tunics of purple brocade,
Mirrors with panels of amber,
Daggers with handles of fade.
What do you weigh, O ye vendors?
Saffron end lentil and rice.

What do you grind, O ye maidens?
Sandalwood, henna, and spice.
What do you call, O ye pedlars?
Chessmen and ivory dice.

What do you make,0 ye goldsmiths?
Wristlet and anklet and ring.
Bells for the feet of blue pigeons
Frail as a dragon-fly’s wing,
Girdles of gold for dancers,
Scabbards of gold for the king.

What do you cry,0 ye fruitmen?
Citron, pomegranate, and plum.
What do you play ,0 musicians?
Cithar, sarangi and drum,
What do you chant, O magicians?
Spells for aeons to come.

What do you weave, O ye flower-girls
With tassels of azure and red?
Crowns for the brow of a bridegroom.
Chaplets to garland his bed.
Sheets of white blossoms new-garnered

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 78

Question 6.
Observe the above flow chart and with the help of your teacher, find out which way the customer is getting cheaper and the reason for it?
Answer:
Wholesale channel is the best to consumer because wholesale seller brought from producer in a bulk way. To the consumer not necessary the things in* a bulk manner.
So the consumer get the goods with fine quality and quantity and at cheaper prices from wholesale channel.

Question 7.
The price of the products hike if there is an agent between the producers and consumers. Discuss.
Answer:
Generally the prices of the products like if there is an agent between producers and consumers. Because the agent brought the good from the producer, so he add some amount to the real price because he add transportation charges, rents of the shops, worker salaries, electricity charges and his profits also.

Project Work

Question 1.
Visit different e-commerce sites and collect the prices of the following goods and then compare them with one another.
A. Laptop
B. Cellular Phone
C. Jeans Pants
D. Pens
E. Toys
Answer:
A. Laptop : Prices in t:

Amazon – Lenovo -18,700/-, Avita – 21,990/-, HP – 15s – 28,499/-, Acer – 54,999/-

Reliance-HP-14s-41,499/-

Hi laptop.com – Lenovo -18,999/-, Dell – Vlebazar -17,500/-

B. Cellular Phone :
Amazon : Samsung -14,999/-

Gadget store : i phone – 4,999/-, Redmi note – 4 – Bingkart – 5,499/¬

C. Jeans pants : Prices from 1000 to more.
Because Jeans pants are our needs of daily life. So more demand is there.

D. Pens : Cross Bailey light – 1,345/- (in Amazon)
Fountain pen – (IGP.com)-445/- Parket Frontier – 661/- (In amazon)

E. Toys : Toys prices from 50 to more.
But toy’s create recreation. Depends up the income only people demand the toys.

Question 2.
Visit a weekly market and collect information and then prepare a list of goods available in that market.
Answer:
I have visited Undi Doolla santha neat Bhimavaram in West Godavari District. I found different animals there like Buffaloes, cows, sheep , goats and cocks there.

Question 3.
Visit a shopping mall or rythu bazar and write your experience in brief.
Answer:
I visited Trendset in Vijayawada. Really it is a fantastic experience. I enjoyed escalator there. The lift is also very attractive with glasses. I saw different floors with different kinds of shops. One is with clothes, another is with electronics etc. I had my lunch there, but it is very expensive and the items we get there will not be available in our middle class houses. I spent my time nearly 3 to 4 hours by wandering here and there in that mall and enjoyed a lot. I took selfies also with my fathers’ cell phone.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Air, Winds and Cyclones

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 8th Lesson Air, Winds and Cyclones

7th Class Science 8th Lesson Air, Winds and Cyclones Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you prove that air exerts pressure?
Answer:

1. We know that a bicycle tube or tube of any other vehicle can burst when it is over filled with air.
2. Take a balloon and fill it with air. Keep blowing more and more air into it.
3. The balloon expands and after a point bursts.
4. The reason for the burst is the increase in air pressure inside them.
5. For example a balloon being filled with air, the air filled football that becomes hard, water rising through a hand pump, the tubes of cycle, scooter or car are all due to the pressure exerted by air.

Question 2.
How do you show that air exerts pressure by a simple experiment?
Answer:

1. Take a syringe and draw out its plunger (piston) to the limit.
   
2. Close the nozzle of the syringe with a finger and press the piston.
3. The finger experiences the pressure exerted by air.

Question 3.
What happens on heating air? How is pressure related to this?
Answer:

1. It is important to remember that on heating the air expands and occupies more space.
2. When something occupies more space, it becomes less dense.
3. The warm air is therefore less dense than cold air. Thus smoke and hot air go up.
4. Similar to observations of activities done so far, numerous factors contribute to heat air.
5. When the air rises up, air pressure at the place becomes low and we have many kinds of winds as air comes into occupying areas of lower pressure.
6. The differential heating of land and water by the sun leads to land and sea breeze.

Question 4.
How are land breeze and sea breeze developed?
Answer:

1. The land heats up faster than the sea, so warm air rises over the land during the day as it is warmed by the Sun.
2. At certain times of a year, this can create a sea breeze which is a gentle breeze blowing into the land.
   
3. At night, the land cools faster than the sea, reversing the air flow.
4. This creates a land breeze that blows out to sea.

Question 5.
How are we getting monsoon winds? In which months do they come?
Answer:

1. We have read about the sea breeze and the land breezes.
2. In summer, near the equator the land heats up faster and during the day the temperature of the land is higher than the water in the ocean.
3. The air over the land gets heated and rises.
4. This causes the winds to flow from the oceans towards the land.
5. These are monsoon winds.
6. This is usual during the months of June to September.

Question 6.
How are winds useful in our life?
Answer:

1. The direction of the wind flow gets usually reversed in the months from December to early March.
2. The wind flows from the land to ocean as the sea cools more slowly.
3. The winds from the oceans carry water and bring rains.
4. Farmers in our country depend mainly on rains for their harvests.
5. We can also generate energy from high-speed wind.
6. Thus we can see the usefulness of winds in our life.

Question 7.
Describe how cyclones are formed.
Answer:

1. Tropical cyclones are like giant engines that use warm moist air as fuel.
2. The warm moist air rises upward from near the surface.
3. The warm air rises causing an area of lower air pressure below.
   
4. Air from surrounding areas of high air pressure pushes into the low pressure area.
5. Then this “new” air becomes warm and rises too.
6. As the warm air continues to rise, the surrounding air swirls – into take its place and the water from the sea surface also comes up with the air.
7. As the warmed moist air rises and cools off, the water in the air forms clouds.
8. The whole system of clouds and winds spins and grows, fed by the ocean’s heat and water evaporating from the surface. See the figure.
9. These kinds of satellite images help us to predict the path of the cyclones to some extent.

Question 8.
Write the Do’s and Don ‘ts during cyclones.
Answer:
Cyclones – Do’s and Don’ts:

1. We should not ignore the warnings issued by the meteorological department through T.V., Radio or newspapers: Pass on the information to others and ignore rumors.
2. When a cyclone alert is on for your area, continue normal working but stay alert to the radio warnings.
3. We should make necessary arrangements to shift essential household goods, domestic animals and vehicles, etc. to safer places.
4. Switch off electrical mains in your house.
5. Keep ready the phone numbers of all emergency services like police, fire brigade, and medical centres.
6. Pack essentials for yourself and your family to last few days, including medicines, special food for those who would need it. This may include babies and elders.

Question 9.
Write the precautions to be taken before the cyclone.
Answer:
Precautions to be taken before a cyclone:

1. We should be cautious about rumours.
2. If we feel that houses are not safe at the time of cyclone, we have move into a pucca building in the vicinity.
3. We should keep mobile phones in a waterproof bag, fully charged. If we have more than one mobile phone, we have to use one phone at a time, leaving the other phones switched off and using them one after the other to ensure communication to the longest possible period.
4. If we have to vacate the house close the toilet seat with sandbags.
5. We should close the drainage holes to prevent reverse flow of sewage.
6. The trained students should cooperate with the response teams.
7. We should make necessary arrangements to shift essential household goods, domestic animals and vehicles, etc. to safer places.

Question 10.
What are the post-cyclone measures?
Answer:
Post cyclone measures :
If you are staying in a cyclone hit area-

1. Strictly avoid any loose and dangling wires.
2. Do not drink water that could be contaminated. Always store drinking water for emergencies.
3. Whenever there is an outbreak of dysentery, we should take tea, decoction and starch solution (Ganji).
4. We should not go near to bunds of tanks, streams, the river banks, fallen trees, buildings, poles and seashores to play or sight-seeing and taking selfies.
5. Cooperate and help your neighbours and friends. First aid should be provided to the injured.
6. At the time of cyclones, some people lose their beloved family members and children or pets. In such situations, we should give assurance, guidance and counselling in order not to go to a depressed state.

Question 11.
Establish the fact that moving air creates low pressure.
Answer:

1. Take a glass and a postcard.
2. Keep the glass on a table and the postcard on the glass.
   
3. Wave our hand or note book above the postcard to displace the air just above the postcard.
4. As the card moves, it moves the air there creating low pressure.
5. Due to this low pressure the card on the glass rises up.
6. It means moving air creates low pressure.

Question 12.
What are the reasons that different areas have different temperatures? How does this help in getting rain?
Answer:

1. Uneven heating takes place on the surface of the earth.
2. We know that regions close to the equator gets more heat from the sun.
3. This is because of the direction of the sunlight being straighter close to the equator.
4. The air in these regions gets warmer.
5. The warm air rises, and the cooler air from the regions in the 0 – 30° latitude belt on either side of the equator moves in.
6. This movement of air sets forth winds that move over the earth.
7. We have also seen that the increased wind speed is accompanied by a reduced air pressure and this aids rains.

Question 13.
Do winds cause harm? Explain.
Answer:

1. We are familiar with the word cyclone.
2. During the months of May – June or October – November reports about them can be seen in the Newspapers and TV.
3. This way winds cause harm.

Question 14.
Where do we And air? Explain it with an activity.
Answer:

1. Take a bucket full of water and transparent glass.
2. Take a paper, crumple it into a ball and push it to the bottom of the glass.
3. Invert this glass and immerse it into the bucket of water. Keep the glass straight and press it so that the glass is completely under water.
   
4. Take it out and observe what happens.
5. The paper in the glass did not wet.
6. However if the glass is tilted air in the glass escapes as bubbles through water and water enters the glass.

Question 15.
Describe a simple activity to show the presence of air.
Answer:

1. Fill a bucket with water.
2. Take a bottle with a narrow mouth and immerse it in the bucket till it fills with water.
   
3. During the time the bottle is filling with water bubbles of air come out of the glass.
4. This air is earlier filled in the glass. So the glass is not empty but full of air.
5. Any bottle, glass or any other container that appears empty is actually full of air.
6. Nothing can be added to it unless the air inside is removed.
7. It is only when some air is removed that something else can enter.
8. Air occupies the space around us.

Question 16.
Show by a simple experiment that air expands on heating.
Answer:

1. Take an empty injection bottle and one empty ball point refill.
2. Remove the pin of the refill and insert one of its ends in the cork of the injection bottle as shown in Fig.
3. Put a water drop on the upper end of the refill.
   
4. Rub your hands together so that they become warm.
5. Carefully pick up the bottle and hold it in both your hands for sometime.
6. So that the bottle also becomes warm.
7. The water drop inflate in the refill.
8. This is because air in the bottle expands due to the heat supplied by the hands.

Question 17.
‘Hot air is lighter than cold air’. How do you prove it?
Answer:

1. Take two paper bags or empty paper cups of the same size.
2. Take a broomstick. Hang the two bags in the inverted position on the two ends of the broomstick.
3. Tie a piece of thread in the middle of the stick. Hold the stick by the thread, like a weighing balance.
   
4. Put a burning candle below one of the bags as shown in the figure (b) and observe what happens.
5. Note that we have used paper bags or cups as they are of a light weight and it would be easier to see the results of this experiment if we take any such light objects to hang on the thread.
6. The balance of the bags is disturbed.
7. This proves that hot air is lighter than cold air.

Question 18.
‘Air moves from a region of higher pressure to a lower pressure’. Prove this statement by a simple experiment.
Answer:

1. Take a balloon. Blow air into it. As we fill it up, it expands and it becomes harder to press the walls of the balloon. The inside air exerts pressure on the walls of the balloon.
2. Open the mouth of the balloon slightly. Air from the balloon comes out.
3. We can open the mouth less or more and control the flow of air.
4. The air in the balloon is at high pressure and it goes towards low pressure area.
5. We already know that when air moves, it is called wind. Air moves from the region where the air pressure is high to the region where the pressure is low.

Question 19.
How can you demonstrate that warm air rises up?
Answer:

1. Take an incense stick (agarbati) and light it. Observe the smoke of the incense stick.
2. When something occupies more space, it becomes less dense. The warm air is therefore less dense than cold air.
3. The smoke rises up indicating that warm air rises up.

Question 20.
Write an activity to prove that moving air creates low pressure.
Answer:

1. Wet the edges of glass and put a postcard on it, and hold it inverted with our left hand as shown in figure and move your right hand or note book to move the air form under the paper.
   
2. Due to the movement of the hand or note book, air there moves fast.
3. This moving air creates low pressure and the postcard is pushed out by the air inside the glass.

Question 21.
Prove by an activity that increased wind speed is accompanied by a reduced pressure.
Answer:

1. Take a glass containing water and two straws. Keep one straw in the water and another in horizontal direction as shown in figure and blow through the horizontal straw.
   
2. When you blow over the straw the water comes out due to low pressure which forms inside the straw.
3. So the water from the glass reaches up in the straw due to high pressure.
4. We see that the increased wind speed is accompanied by a reduced air pressure.

Question 22.
What is a cyclone? What are the other names for it?
Answer:

1. Cyclones are a form of violent storms on earth.
2. People call these storms by names such as typhoons, hurricanes, etc. depending on where they occur.

Question 23.
What factors contribute to cyclone? When and where do they likely to occur?
Answer:

1. Factors like wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity contribute to the development of cyclones.
2. In India cyclones usually occur in the month of May – June and October – November.
3. More cyclones tend to occur on the eastern side i.e. towards Bay of Bengal.

Question 24.
What are the effects of cyclone? On what factors the destruction of a cyclone depends?
Answer:

1. Cyclones can be very destructive.
2. The main effects of cyclones include heavy rain and strong wind.
   
3. The destruction of a cyclone depends mainly on its intensity, its size and its location.

Question 25.
What are the steps needed to use a dropper? Explain its functioning.

Answer:
Fig. (a): The air present in the tube of the dropper is removed by pressing the rubber head.
Fig. (b): Putting the open end of the tube of the dropper in water and releasing the pressed rubber head.
Due to low pressure in the tube water enters into it.
Fig. (c): Rubber head is made free from pressing. Water entered in to the tube of the dropper as air there was already sent out.

Question 26.
What is wind?
Answer:

1. The air around us is rarely still. It moves continuously from one direction to another.
2. The movement is in many directions.
3. This is what we call winds.
4. So we know that wind is moving air.

Question 27.
What are the advantages of advanced technology with regard to cyclones? How do you appreciate it?
Answer:

1. Advanced Technology has helped and these days we are better protected.
2. In the early part of last century, coastal residents may have had less than a day to prepare or evacuate their homes from an oncoming cyclone.
3. The world today is very different.
4. Thanks to satellites and radars, a cyclone alert or cyclone watch is issued 48 hours in advance of any expected storm and a cyclone warning is issued 24 hours in advance.
5. The message is broadcast every hour or half an hour when a cyclone is near the coast.
6. Information about cyclones will be given by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).

Question 28.
What are the post cyclone measures we have to take?
Answer:
Post cyclone measures: If you are staying in a cyclone hit area

• Strictly avoid any loose and dangling wires.
• Do not drink water that could be contaminated. Always store drinking water for emergencies.
• Do not go out for the sake of fun.
• Cooperate and help your neighbors and friends.

Question 29.
Observe the experiment and answer the following questions.

1. What happens to the water drop in the refill?
2. Why is the position of water drop changed?

Answer:

1. The water drop inflates in the refill.
2. Because we know that air expands on heating. So. the water drop is moved upwards. Hence, there is a change in the position of the water drop.

Question 30.
Observe the experiment and answer the following question. When two identical, inverted paper bags are hung on a balance, they balance each other as shown in right figure.

i) After a burning candle is placed under one of the bags as shown in the left figure, why is the balance of the bags disturbed?
Answer:
As the air beneath the cup heats up and moves, the cup of the balance raises up.

Question 31.
What measures will you take to protect your village from an approaching cyclone?
Answer:
I would follow the below methods to protect my village during cyclone.

1. I would convey the information of cyclone throughout the village.
2. I would store all the food grains, medicines, first aid things sufficient for a few days.
3. I would help people to move to a safe place.
4. I would make sure to keep a radio and batteries along with me.
5. I would keep necessary phone numbers of fire, police, etc. to get emergency services.
6. I would help people whenever they are in danger.

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 6th Lesson Vijayanagara Empire Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 6th Lesson Questions and Answers Vijayanagara Empire

7th Class Social 6th Lesson Vijayanagara Empire Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Discuss the conflict between Vijayanagar and Bahaman kingdoms.
Answer:

1. The struggle between Vijayanagara and Sultanate of Madurai lasted for about four decades.
2. The disputes/ conflicts started during the time of son of Bukkaraya -1, Kumarakampana.
3. Kumarakampana destroyed Madurai Sultans and freed people from the Sultan misrule.
4. The dispute arises between Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdom over Raichur Doab, the region between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.
5. And also over the fertile areas of Krishna – Godavari delta led to this long drawn conflict.

Question 2.
Write about the Nayakar system in Vijayanagar kingdom.
Answer:
In Vijayanagara empire Nayakas and Amara Nayakas are there.
Nayakas:

1. They were military chiefs usually mentioned law and order in their areas of control.
2. They maintained forests and kept armed supporters.
3. They use to control and expand fertile land and agricultural settlements.
4. They usually submitted to kings.

Amara Nayakas:

1. The Amaranayaka system was a major political innovation of Vijayanagara empire.
2. These Amaranayakas form military commanders, who are given territories to be governed by the Raya.

Question 3.
Describe the development of trade and commerce under the Vijayanagar rulers.
Answer:

1. Vijayanagara kingdom was a great center of trade.
2. Inland, Coastal and Overseas trade led to the general prosperity.
3. There were a number of seaports on the Malabar coast, the chief being Cannanore.
4. Commercial contacts with Arabia, Persia, South Africa and Portugal on the West and Burma, Malaya Peninsula and China on the east flourished.
5. Cotton and Silk, spices, rice iron, saltpeter and sugar were the chief items exported.
6. Vijayanagara kings imported horses, pearls, copper, coral, mercury, China silk and velvet clothes.
7. The art of shipbuilding developed.

Question 4.
Read the concept of “Art and Music” in the lesson and compare it with the present.
Answer:
During the Vijayanagara period Carnatic music is famous. But at present due to change the interest of the people rock and pop music are famous.

At that time Bharata Natyam, Kuchipudi, Yakshaganam, Perni Natyam are famous. But at present breakdance and disco dance styles are famous.

Question 5.
Write about the administration of Sri Krishna Deva Raya.
Answer:

1. Sri Krishna Devaraya was not only a great warrior but also a good administrator.
2. He took the help of his minister Saluva Timmarusu, known as Appaji, in reorganizing the administrative system.
3. The chief adviser to the king was Prime Minister. ‘
4. Council of Ministers assisted the king in administration.
5. He maintained friendly relations with the foreigners.
6. He respected all religions.
7. He was a great patron of literature and art.
8. He maintained Ashtadiggajas, a great 8 poets in his court.
9. The empire was divided into different administrative units called Mandalas, Nadus, Sthalas and finally into Gramas.

Question 6.
Describe the literary services of Sri Krishna Deva Raya.
Answer:

1. Sri Krishna Devaraya was not only a great monarch, soldier and a stateman but was also an accomplished poet and scholar himself.
2. He was a great patron of literature and art.
3. He was known as Andhra Bhoja.
4. His famous quote was “Desa Bhasalandu Telugu Lessa.”
5. Eight eminent scholars known as “Astadiggajas” were at his royal court.
6. Krishna Devaraya himself authored a telugu work ‘Amuktamalyada’ and Sanskrit works, ‘Jambavathi Kalyanam’ and ‘Usha Parinayam’.
7. He patronized various writers and poets in his court called ‘Bhuvana Vijayam’.

Question 7.
Locate the boundaries of Vijayanagara empire in India map.
Answer:

Question 8.
What are the architectural traditions that inspired the architects of Vijayanagar?
Answer:

1. The rulers of Vijayanagara made many innovations in the architectural traditions.
2. They added many new features in the temple architecture.
3. The rulers of Vijayanagara built mandapas or pavilions.
4. Besides there were long and pillared corridors that ran around the shrines.
5. There were two main temples : The Virupaksha temple and’Vithala temple.
6. During the Krishna Devaraya time he built a hall in front of the main shrine to these temples.
7. This hall was decorated with delicately carved pillars.

Question 9.
Why did Bahamani kingdom breakup and what was the result?
Answer:
The Bahamani kingdom was breakup due to the following reasons :

1. Royal officers were appointed in each province.
2. They were aimed to increase the control of Sultan over the nobles and provinces.
3. Most of the forts were under the control of these officers.
4. Allowances were reduced to the nobles who shirked their responsibility. This was disliked by the nobles.
5. Muhammad Gawan was very strict and gave punishments to his nobles. This made them to revolt against Gawan.
6. So, the Deccan nobles organised a plot against Gawan.
7. They induced the Sultan to punish him with death.
8. Muhammad Shah-Ill died in 1482 CE. His successors were weak.

Result:
So the Bahamani kingdom disintegrated into five kingdoms namely :

1. Ahmednagar,
2. Birar,
3. Bidar,
4. Bijapur,
5. Golkonda.

Question 10.
Describe the services of Reddy kings to the people.
Answer:

1. The Reddy rulers patronised and protected Hinduism and its institutions.
2. Telugu literature blossomed under the Reddy kings.
3. The administration was carried according to the “Dharmasutras”.
4. One sixth of agricultural surplus was levied as tax.
5. Under the reign of Anapota Reddy, customs-duty and taxes on trade were lifted.
6. Sea trade was carried through the port Motupalli.
7. Celebrating “Vasantosavalu” was revived during the rule of Anavema Reddy.
8. Caste systerp was observed.

II . Choose the correct answer.

1. Sri Krishna Deva Raya belongs to this Vijayanagar dynasty.
a) Saluva
b) Thuluva
c) Aravedu
d) Sangama
Answer:
b) Thuluva

2. The kingdom of Vijayanagara was established during the reign of ………….
a) Alauddin Khilji
b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
d) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Answer:
b) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

3. Rakshasathangadi or Tallikota war broke out in the year.
a) 1563 A.D
b) 1564A.D
c) 1565 A.D
d) 1566 A.D
Answer:
c) 1565 A.D

4. Madura Vijayam is a book written by
a) GangaDevi
b) Tirumalamma
c) Hanumayamma
d) Nagalamba
Answer:
a) GangaDevi

5. The founder of the Bahamani kingdom was
a) Alauddin Mujahid Shah
b) Ahmed Shah
c) Alauddin Bahman Shah
d)FirozShah
Answer:
c) Alauddin Bahman Shah

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Krishnadevarays	a) Chief Minister
2. Muhammad Gawan	b) Capital city of Bahamani
3. Vijayanagara empire	c) Andhra Bhoja
4. Gulbarga	d) Persian
5. Abdul Rajjak	e) Tungabhadra

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Krishnadevarays	c) Andhra Bhoja
2. Muhammad Gawan	a) Chief Minister
3. Vijayanagara empire	e) Tungabhadra
4. Gulbarga	b) Capital city of Bahamani
5. Abdul Rajjak	d) Persian

7th Class Social 6th Lesson Vijayanagara Empire InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 78

Question 1.
Get the information about the first Surveyor General of India from your library or Internet.
Answer:
Collin Mackenzie was appointed first Surveyor General of India to the Madras Presidency in 1810.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 81

Question 2.
Play a drama of Astadiggajas with the help of your teacher.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 83

Question 3.
There are so many ancient and modern Indian women who are role model to us. Prepare a list of great India women with the help of your teacher and parents.
Answer:
Sita, Savitri, Arundhathi, Anasuya, Ahalya, Gargi and Maithreyi etc.,–these are the great woman from our Indian mythology.

Jhansi Lakshmi bai, Rani Rudrama Devi, Razia Sultana etc., — are the great woman from our historical period.

Indira Gandhi, Kiran Bedi, Mother Teresa, Kalpana Chawla, Sushma Swaraj, Lata Mangeshkar, M.S. Subbu Laxmi, P. Suseela, Karanam Malleswari etc. are the great women in modern times in India.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 86

Question 4.
Locate the cities ” Kondapalli, Rajamundry, Kondaveedu, Vinukonda, and Addanki in present Andhra Pradesh Map.
Answer:

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 77

Question 1.
Why did Vidyaranya want to establish new kingdom on the bank of Tungabhadra river?
Answer:
Vidyaranya told the brothers Hari Hara Raya and Bukkaraya the South Bank of the River Tungabhadra area was sacred.

And he advised them to establish a new kingdom on the bank of Tungabhadra river.

Question 2.
Under which dynasty Harihara-1 and Bukkaraya-1 worked?
Answer:
Hari Hara Raya – I and Bukkaraya – I worked in the court of the Kakatiya king Pratapa Rudra II of Warangal in 1323 CE.

After defeat of Kakatiya kingdom, they worked under the control of Muslim rule. Later they established Vijayanagara Kingdom.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 81

Question 3.
Why were there constant wars between Vijayanagara Empire and the contemporary Muslim rulers?
Answer:
The main reason for the constant wars between Vijayanagara and contemperory rulers were :

1. Both the kingdoms wanted to control of fertile and rich Raichur doab lying between rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.
2. They also wanted to conquer Golconda because of its diamond mines.

Question 4.
What were the effects of Taliikota war? Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:
The effects of Taliikota war :

1. Aliya Ramaraya was defeated.
2. He and his people were killed mercilessly.
3. Temples were destroyed.
4. Rama Raya was imprisoned and executed.
5. Tirumala Raya and Venkata Raya sons of Rama Raya escaped from the war and ran away to Penukonda.
6. The city of Vijayanagara was destroyed by the Muslim kings.
7. This battle is also known as Rakshasa Thangadi.
8. This battle was generally considered to mark the end of the Vijayanagara empire.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 85

Question 5.
Discuss the contribution of the Vijayanagara empire to Indian art and. Architecture.
Answer:

1. The temple building activity of the Vijayanagar rulers produced a new style called the Vijayanagar style.
2. Though often characterized as Dravida style, it had its own distinct features.
3. The distinct features of the architecture were the pillars.
4. The horse was the most common animal to be depicted on the pillars.
5. The temples had a Mandapam or Open Pavilion with a raised platform, generally meant for seating the deity on special occasions.
6. The Rajagopurams, towers in commemoration of the visit of emperors in different corners of the empire are also important examples.
7. Amman Shrine was meant for the consort of the God.

Project Work

Collect the information about temples costructed in Andhra Pradesh with the influence of Vijayanagara style.
Answer:
In Andhra Pradesh the empire built the Mallikarjuna Temple at Srisailam, Upper Narasimha Temple and Lower Narasimha Temple at Ahobilam, Veera Bhadra Temple at Lepakshi and Venkateswara Temple at Tirupati and others.

The Veerabhadra temple of Lepakshi, which was built by the brothers Viranna and Virupanna, is dedicated to Veerabhadra. it is an example of the Vijayanagara architectural

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 2 Acids and Bases

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases

7th Class Science 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the names of food substances that you know in the appropriate column, based on their taste.
Answer:

Sweet	Sour	Bitter	Salty	Spicy
Sugar	Lemon Juice	Bittergourd	Common Salt	Red Mirchi
Custard apple	Apple Juice	Bittergouard Snakegourd	Sea water	Chillies
Jack fruit	Citron Juice	Soapnut	Ground water	Pepper
Mango	Grapes Juice	Bitter Almond	Mixture	Green Chillies
Date fruit	Orange Juice	Bitter Ribbedgourds	Rasam	Bar of Cloves
Papaya	Gooseberry	Bitter Cucumber	Iodised salt	Samosa

Question 2.
Take solutions of some juices of fruits, vegetables, cold drinks and various solutions and test them with blue and red litmus papers. List out results in the table, by marking (S) in the relevant column.
Answer:

Question 3.
How are hydroxides prepared? What is their nature?
Answer:

1. Oxides of Magnesium when dissolved in water form Magnesium Hydroxide.
2. Similarly oxides of Potassium and Sodium form Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide when dissolved in water.
3. All these are basic in nature.
4. They would be soapy when touched.

Question 4.
Classify the substances given in the table under question 2 into the following categories. Acidic substances, Basic substances, and Neutral substances.
Answer:

Question 5.
When do you get a neutral solution from acids and bases?
Answer:
When acids and bases are mixed in definite proportions they give a neutral solution.

Question 6.
How are salts produced? Give an example.
Answer:

1. We have seen in the process of neutralization, both the acidic and the basic qualities are destroyed.
2. Actually when an acid and a base are mixed, a chemical reaction takes place and salts are produced.
3. For example by neutralizing Hydrochloric acid solution with Caustic soda (Sodium Hydroxide) solution, a salt Sodium Chloride is produced.
4. Production of salt depends on the quantity of acid and base by proportion in a very specific manner.

Question 7.
Write the uses of acids, bases and salts.
Answer:

Question 8.
What are indicators? How are they useful?
Answer:

1. The paper strips like litmus paper strips change colour based on the nature of the material put on them.
2. These are all indicators.
3. They tell us whether a substance is acidic or basic.
4. They are used extensively in studying substances and their properties.

Question 9.
Are there any acids apart from natural acids? What are they?
Answer:
Apart from natural acids, there are certain acids like Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid etc., that are prepared from minerals.

Question 10.
You might have touched soap water or lime water. How do you feel? What is your conclusion?
Answer:

1. When I have touched soap water and lime water, they are soapy to touch.
2. These substances are basic in nature.

Question 11.
Who discovered Hydrogen? What is its colour?
Answer:

1. Henry Cavendish, an Italian Scientist.
2. He discovered a colourless gas called Hydrogen.

Question 12.
Write the properties of acids and bases from your observations with the experiments done by you.
Answer:

Acids	Bases
1)  Acids are sour to taste. 2)   They react with bases forming salts. 3)   These turn blue litmus red.	1)        Bases are bitter to taste. 2)        They react with acids forming salts. 3)        These turn red litmus blue.

Question 13.
Are all neutral solutions salts? Give examples.
Answer:

1. All neutral solutions are not salt solutions.
2. Sugar or Starches are neutral but they are not salts.

Question 14.
How do you draw a red flower using indicators to get the desired colour?
Answer:

1. We should take some turmeric powder. Add a bit of water to it and prepare turmeric paste.
2. We should rub the turmeric paste on a white paper.
3. And draw a flower on that paper with a pencil.
   
4. Colour the flower with soap water using a brush.
5. We notice that the colour of the flower changes to red.
6. Similarly take some lime water.
7. Add a few drops of it on a piece of turmeric paper.
8. The colour changes to red.

Question 15.
Turmeric paper is a natural indicator, along with turmeric indicator paper, we can also prepare other natural indicators mentioned in the table below. Carry on tests and note your observations.
Answer:

Question 16.
How can you prepare a base by doing a simple experiment?
Answer:

1. We should burn a small piece of Magnesium ribbon by holding it with tongs.
2. Collect the white ash and dissolve it in a little water.
   
3. Touch the solutions formed and test this solution with blue litmus and red litmus.
4. This solution turns red litmus blue.
5. Oxides of Magnesium when dissolved in water form Magnesium Hydroxide.
6. Magnesium Hydroxide is a base.

Question 17.
Take the following substances and test them with Phenolphthalein and Methyl orange solutions. Draw a table and record your observations. Substances Orange, Tomatoes, Baking soda, Mineral water, Vinegar, Saltwater, Shampoo, Washing soda.
Answer:

Question 18.
What changes in colour take place in the indicators Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange when you test with the following substances. Spirit, Saliva, Cucumber, Ridge gourd, Kheera, Buttermilk, Milk.
Answer:

Question 19.
Record your observations when you test the following substances with the indicators Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange.
Substances: Cold drink, Lemon Juice, Grape Juice, Bathing soap, detergent soap, Lime water and Sugar.
Answer:

Question 20.
How can you prepare Hydrogen in the laboratory by a simple experiment? With which test do you confirm the presence of Hydrogen?
Answer:

1. Take a natural acid say lemon juice in six test tubes and add Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Iron, Brass, Aluminium pieces to each one of the test tubes separately.
2. Note the observations.
3. Light a matchstick and introduce it into the test tubes.
4. The gas releasing catches fire with a sound.
5. This gas is Hydrogen. This is the test for the presence of Hydrogen.

Question 21.
How do you prepare carbondioxide? What substances do you need for its preparation? How is it tested?
Answer:
Preparation of carbondioxide:

1. Take lemon juice in two test tubes and add some pieces of marble to one test tube and egg shells to another.
2. Bring a burning match stick near the test tube.
   
3. The flame of the burning match stick is put off.
4. This is due to release of carbon dioxide gas.
5. Pass the gas into lime water. Lime water turns milky white.
6. This is the test for carbondioxide.
   
7. Lemon juice and pieces of marble or egg shells are the substances needed for the preparation of carbondioxide.

Question 22.
When is the solution made by mixing an acid and a base, a neutral solution? Describe a small activity.
Answer:

1. Take a clean test tube using a clean dropper and put 10 drops of Hydrochloric acid carefully in it and also add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution.
2. The solution becomes colourless as the indicator phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic medium.
3. Now add Caustic soda solution (whose concentration is equal to Hydrochloric acid) drop by drop to the test tube.
   
4. After each drop shake the test tube well and see if there is any change in the colour of the solution.
5. Keep adding the Caustic soda drop by drop until the colour begins to turn pink.
6. Now the test tube has basic solution.
7. Add one drop of Hydrochloric acid and see if it changes back to its original (colourless) state.
8. If not, then add one more drop of Hydrochloric acid.
9. Keep doing this until the solution in the test tube becomes colourless again.
10. Now the solution in the test tube is neutral. It can be tested with litmus paper.

Question 23.
What are your conclusions from the experiment done in the above question no. 9?
Answer:

1. On the basis of the experiment done above, we can conclude that adding excess of base to acidic solution we can turn acidic solution into basic solution.
2. If we are given basic solution we can similarly convert it into acidic solution.
3. In the above experiment, if we add excess of base (caustic soda) to acidic solution it converts into a base.
4. Similarly we can change base into an acid.

Question 24.
Test the following salt substances with red litmus and blue litmus papers. Record your observations in the table.
Answer:

Salt substance	Effect on Blue litmus paper	Effect on Red litmus paper
Copper sulphate	Turns red	No effect
Common salt	No effect	No effect
Sodium carbonate	No effect	Turns blue

Question 25.
Collect some salt substances with the help of your teacher. Make their salt solutions. Test the salt solutions with blue litmus and red litmus papers. Classify these salts and record your observations in the table.
Answer:

Question 26.
What acids are present in the following substances? Collect the information and write. Substances: Vinegar, Lemon or orange, State cheese Buttered milk or curd, Spinach or Tomato.
Answer:

Acid	Substance
Acetic Acid	Vinegar
Citric Acid	Lemon, Orange
Butyric Acid	Stale cheese
Lactic Acid	Battered Milk, Curd
Oxalic Acid	Spinach, Tomato

Question 27.
You are asked to find out the acids present in the substances, placed in front of you. Write the names of the acids present in them by collecting information from any source available to you.
Substances placed in front of you : Apples, Tea, Olive oil and fats.
Answer:

Acid	Substance
Malic Acid	Apples
Tannic Acid	Tea
Oleic Acid	Olive Oil
Stearic Acid	Fats

Question 28.
Grapes, Palm oil, Amla (emblica fruit) and Urine are put before you. You are asked to give the information about the acids that are present in those substances. Collect the information and record in a table.
Answer:

Acid	Substance
Tartaric Acid	Grapes, Tamarind
Palmtic Acid	Palm Oil
Ascorbic Acid	Amla (emblica fruit)
Uric Acid	Urine

Question 29.
Write the names of some substances that contain bases that we use in our daily life.
Answer:

Substance	Base
Lime Water	Calcium Hydroxide
Glass Cleaners	Ammonium Hydroxide
Soaps	Sodium Hydroxide / Potassium Hydroxide
Milk of Magnesium	Magnesium Hydroxide

Question 30.
Methyl orange and Phenolphthalein are indicators. Collect the information about their colour change in Acid and Basic solutions.
Answer:
Methyl orange gives red colour with acids and yellow colour with bases. Phenol¬phthalein remains colourless in acidic solution while it turns pink in basic solution.

Question 31.
What sort of food do we eat?
Answer:

1. We eat food of different tastes.
2. The food will be a balanced diet.

Question 32.
What kind of tastes do food substances we eat have?
Answer:
Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty and Spicy tastes of food we eat.

Question 33.
Do you find any difference in the taste of a ripe and a raw fruit?
Answer:

1. Ripe fruit is sweet to eat.
2. Raw fruit is also sweet to eat but is hard relative to ripe fruit.

Question 34.
Do some substances change their taste when cooked?
Answer:
Some substances change their taste when cooked.

Question 35.
Add sugar to lemon juice. What change do you notice in the taste?
Answer:
The lemon juice becomes sweet to taste when sugar is added.

Question 36.
Is there any difference in the taste without sugar?
Answer:
Without sugar lemon juice will be sour to taste.

Question 37.
Do some substances change colour when added to other substances?
Answer:
Yes. Some substances change colour when added to other substances.

Question 38.
Have you observed any change when lime water is added to turmeric?
Answer:
When lime water is added to turmeric the colour changed to red.

Question 39.
What are indicators?
Answer:
Those substances that indicate a change in colour when some substances are added to them are known as indicators.

Question 40.
How do you prepare lime water? In what way is this useful to you in day to day life?
Answer:

1. Take half a beaker full of water. Add about 5 gm of lime that we apply to betel leaves.
2. Stir the beaker well and let it stand overnight.
3. Filter this solution the following day.
4. This filtrate is lime water. This solution should be transparent.
5. We use this filterate in our experiments.
6. Lime is used when we consume betel leaves.

Question 41.
You are given a substance. What do you do to identify it as an acid, a base or neutral in nature?
Answer:

1. The substance that turns blue litmus to red is acidic in nature.
2. The substance that is soapy to touch and turns red litmus to blue is basic in nature.
3. If the substance given did not change the colour of either blue or red litmus, then it is said to be neutral in nature.

Question 42.
Take things which are sour in taste and used as food. Eg. Curd, lemon juice. If you check these substances with blue and red litmus what happens?
Answer:

1. When a drop of curd is put on blue litmus paper the colour changed to red indicating the acidic nature of curd.
2. When a drop of lemon juice is put on the blue litmus paper, the colour of the paper changed to red indicating the acidic nature of lemon juice.

Question 43.
Why have you experienced a burning sensation when bitten by an ant?
Answer:

1. I have experienced a burning sensation when bitten by an ant.
2. The sensation is due to the presence of formic acid that the ant releases.

Question 44.
How is it possible to make-believe Blood comes out of a lemon?
Answer:

1. When a magician or a juggler cuts a lemon, blood flows out of it. Actually, he uses a knife dipped in Methyl Orange or hibiscus solution to cut the lemon.
   
2. When Methyl Orange is mixed with citric acid (lemon juice) it turns red.
3. But it is not blood.
4. In many of our places we find people doing this and presenting it as magic.

Question 43.
Why are the inner sides of vessels made up of brass and copper coated?
Answer:

1. When some substances are kept in a copper container for a long time then a blue-green layer is formed in the inner walls of the container.
2. Copper reacts with the acids present in the substances and forms a blue-green compound.
3. To avoid this reaction the inner walls of these vessels are coated with Tin.

Question 44.
Why are pickles, jams, jellies preserved in glass, porcelain and plastic containers?
Answer:

1. The acidic or basic nature of the substances pickles, jams, jellies react with the material of the containers if they are preserved in metallic containers.
2. These corrode the metal of the container.
3. To avoid this these are preserved in glass, porcelain or plastic containers.
4. The material of these containers do not react with the substances preserved.

Question 45.
Ravi said that acid rains are causing damage. Do you agree with his statement?
What are acid rains? Where do you witness such rains in our state?
Answer:
Yes. I agree with his statement because

1. Acid rains are the combination of Carbonic acid, Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid with rain water.
   
2. Acid rains cause damage to buildings and to our skin.
3. Industrial waste gases contain Sulphur dioxide,
   Nitrogen Oxide, Carbon dioxide.
4. When they get mixed with moisture they change to acids.
5. Acid rains are also witnessed in our State in the Visakhapatnam district.

Question 46.
You are given Hydrochloric acid. How can you make it into a solution which is neither acidic nor basic?
Answer:

1. 10 drops of Hydrochloric acid is taken in a clean test tube.
2. A drop of methyl orange indicator input is that acid in the test tube.
3. The colour of the solution becomes red due to the indicator.
4. With the help of a dropper carefully drop drops of caustic soda into the test tube and shake it.
5. When an additional drop is put in the solution, the colour changes to yellow, indicating that the solution becomes a base.
6. If we add only one drop of Hydrochloric acid in the test tube, the colour of the solution almost disappears indicating that the solution in the test tube is neutral.

Question 47.
You are asked to make the given caustic soda solution into neither acidic nor basic. What would you do?
Answer:

1. In a clean test tube 10 drops of caustic soda solution is taken.
2. One drop of Methyl orange indicator is added to it.
3. The solution turns to yellow colour indicating that the solution is basic in nature.
4. With the help of a dropper drops of hydrochloric acid are added to the solution in the test tube.
5. By the drop of a drop of Hydrochloric acid in the process, the yellow colour of the solution disappears.
6. The solution in the test tube is now neutral in nature.

Question 48.
Why is the use of natural organic manure becoming more preferred?
Answer:

1. In recent years the use of chemical fertilizers has increased.
2. Though the use of chemical fertilizers increases production it changes the nature of the soil.
3. Some fertilizers increase the acidity of the soil and some its basicity.
4. Thus use of natural organic manure is becoming more preferred these days.

Question 49.
Why is our sweat like salt?
Answer:

1. Our body needs many types of salts.
2. We lose some salts through excretion.
3. So sweat is salty.

Question 50.
Charitha sprinkled lime water on turmeric idol. It turned into red colour. Guess and write the reasons.
Answer:
Turmeric is a natural indicator. When we sprinkle lime water (calcium hydroxide) which is a base, turmeric indicates red colour in the basic medium.

Question 51.
If Hibiscus, Turmeric, Rose petals are given to you, mention the use of the above materials for investigating Acids and Bases in the school lab. MiiKiitaa
Answer:
Rose, turmeric and hibiscus are natural indicators. Hence, we can use them to identify the chemical nature of different substances.

Question 52.
a) You have tested the following materials with litmus paper. Fill the table according to that and answer the following questions.

b) In the above table
Acids are: ……………….
Bases are: ……………….
Neutral solutions are: ……………….
Answer:

From the above table
The Acids are – Lemon juice, Grape juice and Orange.
The Bases are – Lime water, Soap water.
The Neutral solutions are – Milk, Sugar solution and Salt water.

Question 53.
Read the following table and answer the questions.

i) Which substances will change blue litmus to red?
ii) Which substances will change red litmus to blue?
iii) Which substances will not be affected by blue litmus or red litmus?
iv)What kind of substances are litmus papers?
Answer:
i) Acids like orange juice, vinegar turn blue litmus red.
ii) Basic substances like baking soda solution turn red litmus blue.
iii) Sugar solution will not be affected by either red litmus or blue litmus.
iv) Litmus papers are called indicators.

Question 54.
Burn a small piece of Magnesium ribbon by holding it with tongs.

Collect the white ash formed and dissolve it in little water.
Test the solution formed with blue litmus and red litmus.
Now answer the the questions given below,
i) What is the aim of this experiment?
ii) Is the composition of the ash formed different from Magnesium ribbon? If so, how?
iii) What substance is formed when the ash is mixed with water?
iv) What inference can be made on the basis of this experiment?
Answer:
i) To test the effect of basic substances on red litmus paper.
ii) Yes, the substance formed after burning looks like ash.
iii) Magnesium Hydroxide.
iv) Basic substances (or) Magnesium Hydroxide.

Question 55.
Observe the experiment and answer the following questions.
Mix a spoon of vinegar and a pinch of baking soda in a test tube. Pass the gas that is released into another test tube containing lime water as shown here.
i) What is the aim of this experiment?
ii) Name the apparatus used to conduct this experiment.
iii) Name the gas released in the test tube that on mixing vinegar with baking soda.
iv) What is the change observed in the lime water on passing the gas?
Answer:
i) Test tubes, rubber cork, delivery tube.
ii) Vinegar, baking soda, water, lime water.
iii) Carbon dioxide.
iv) Lime water turns milky.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Respiration in Organisms

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 11th Lesson Respiration in Organisms

7th Class Science 11th Lesson Respiration in Organisms Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is breathing?
Answer:
The process by which air goes in and out of our body is called breathing.

Question 2.
What is inspiration and expiration ?Explain the term ‘respiration rate’.
Answer:

1. The process of breathing in air is called inspiration and that of breathing out air is called expiration.
2. The number of times we breathe in and breathe out air in a minute is called the respiration rate.

Question 3.
What does our breath contain?
Answer:

1. We know that we inhale and exhale air.
2. The exhaled air is warm and has moisture in it.
3. What we do not know is about the gases our body takes from the inhaled air and throws out in exhaled air.
4. We know that air is a mixture of several gases not only Oxygen and Carbon dioxide, there are others as well. Air also contains several suspended particles.
5. We inhale all these.
6. We exhale Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen and other gases.

Question 4.
How does a fish breathe?
Answer:

1. Observe fishes in an aquarium. Fishes continuously open and close their mouth in water.
2. Why do the flaps on both sides of the head alternately open and close?
   
3. If you look below the flaps, you will see gills. These are the respiratory organs of the fish.
4. The water that enters the mouth flows through both the gills as it comes out of the flaps.
5. The gills absorb the oxygen that is dissolved in the water. This oxygen is carried to different parts of the body.

Question 5.
Describe how does a frog take its breathe.
Answer:

1. We know that frog is able to stay on land, in water and even underground.
2. To breathe on land it has lungs while it goes deep underground and sleeps twice every year, its moist skin takes over the function of its lungs.
   
3. In baby frogs or tadpoles there are special organs like that of fishes called gills.
4. These gills help them to breathe in water by taking in the air dissolved in water.
5. Tadpoles of the frog live only in water but the frog lives either on land or in water. Sometimes you may see frogs under the soil also.
   

Question 6.
Explain the breathing process in cockroach.
Answer:

1. A cockroach has small openings on the sides of its body.
2. Other insects have similar openings.
   
3. On the underside of the cockroach in each segment, there are small holes which are connected through respiratory tubes in a network.
4. These help the cockroach to breathe. These holes are called spiracles.
5. The network of respiratory tubes called trachea take air from these spiracles, circulate it throughout the body, collect it back and send it out through these spiracles.
   
6. To know more about this process you may observe a live cockroach by keeping it covered by a transparent bottle or glass.

Question 7.
Describe how does an earthworm breathe.
Answer:

1. Earthworms breathe through their skin.
2. It is thin and moist with minute holes.
   
3. Through the skin, air passes in and out.
4. The earthworm thus breathes through its whole body surface.

Question 8.
How do plants respire?
Answer:

1. In human beings gaseous exchange with the surroundings takes place through nose and mouth.
2. We know the parts in plants that help in gaseous exchange.
3. They are stomata present on surface of leaves and lenticels present on the surface of stems.
4. They respire through them.

Question 9.
At what time plants respire and photosynthesize?
Answer:

1. In day time plants respire as well as photosynthesize.
2. At night only part of the process of photosynthesis takes place and carbon dioxide is not used up completely by this process.
3. Respiration continues at night also.

Question 10.
What is use of oxygen in hospitals?
Answer:

1. You may have heard of big hospitals keeping cylinders filled with oxygen.
2. When a person has breathing problems he is given oxygen.
3. An oxygen mask is fitted to the nose and mouth of the person and a rubber tube connects the mask to the oxygen cylinder.
4. Sometimes a patient is given oxygen during an operation.

Question 11.
In your opinion does the expiration rate increase or decrease after exercising?
Answer:

1. The air we breathe in fills our lungs that are located in our chest.
2. Exercise and running increase the rate of our breathing.

Question 12.
What happens to your chest when you take a breath?
Answer:

1. Take a length of twine or a measuring tape. Wrap the tape around the chest of one of your friends and measure the width of her / his chest.
   
2. Hold the tape lightly and ask your friend to breathe in and out deeply a few seconds.
3. You find that the chest expands when air is inhaled, it reaches the lungs and chest expands.

Question 13.
What is the difference between inhaled and exhaled air?
Answer:

1. Exhaled air is warm and contains moisture and carbon dioxide.
2. Inhaled air is at room temperature and contains oxygen along with other gases.

Question 14.
How long a person can hold his / her breath? How do you find?
Answer:

1. Use a watch with a seconds needle to time our breathing.
2. If we don’t have a watch, then practice counting at a uniform rate.
   
3. We can measure the time by counting.
4. Close our mouth and close our nose with our fingers so that air cannot pass through it.
5. We can find the time for how long could we keep our mouth and nose closed.

Question 15.
How many breathes do you have in a minute?
Answer:

1. Hold a finger under the nose of one of your friends.
2. The side with the fingernail should face the nostrils.
   
3. Ask your friend to breathe in and out normally.
4. When your friend exhaled your finger felt the warmness of the air.
5. Using this method you can find out how many times your friend inhales and exhales in a minute.

Question 16.
How much air do you breath? Do a simple activity to know it?
Answer:

1. Make a measuring cylinder with a two-litre plastic bottle and 100 ml injection bottle.
2. To do this, pour 100 ml of water at a time in the bottle and mark the water level after each addition.
3. Now fill the bottle to the brim and invert it in a bucket or a large container of water.
4. But remember, no air bubbles should remain in the bottle after you invert it.
   
5. Insert one end of a rubber tube into the mouth of the bottle under water.
6. Hold the other end of the tube in your hand. Inhale as much air as you can and blow the air into the measuring cylinder through the rubber tube.
7. Don’t breathe in while blowing the air out.
8. Blow out as much air as you can in a single breath.
9. This air will collect in the measuring cylinder.
10. As a result,-the water level in the cylinder will fall.
    The reduction in water level is equal to the air you breath.

Question 17.
How do you find the gases that are present in our breath? Describe the activity you perform.
Answer:

1. Set up the apparatus shown in Figure (a) for this experiment. Be careful while inserting the glass tube in the cork. It could break. So take the help of your teacher to do this.
   
2. Fill both boiling tubes one fourth with phenolphthalein solution. Mark them A and B.
3. Now repeatedly blow in and suck out air in this apparatus as shown in Figure (b).
   
4. Note the boiling tube in to which air flows when you suck in air.
5. Note the boiling tube through which air flows out when you blow out air.
6. You find that there is a difference between inhaled air and exhaled air.
7. Repeat the experiment by replacing the boiling tubes with lime water filled one fourth in them.
8. You will find that the lime water in the tube through which exhaled air passed turned milky.
9. This indicates that the exhaled air contains carbon dioxide.
10. The table given here under shows the components in the inhaled air and exhaled air.
    

Question 18.
How can you find out the respiration in plants by an experiment?
Answer:

1. Take a conical flask. Fit a two-holed rubber cork tightly into its mouth and insert glass tubes into the two holes.
2. Fit a rubber tube on one of the glass tubes and a funnel on the other. If the funnel does not sit tightly on the glass tube, make a funnel with an ink dropper.
3. Fill a test tube about one-fourth with lime water and dip the rubber tube into it.
4. Now add water to the funnel drop by drop. Keep adding water till the conical flask is filled one-fourth with water. Observe the test tube carefully while you add water.
5. You find no change in the colour of lime water.
6. Now remove the water from the conical flask and put some flowers and buds in it. Fit a cork on the flask and let it stand for half an hour.
7. Now add water drop by drop to the conical flask through the funnel as you did in the previous experiment. Look carefully at the test tube while doing so.
8. The lime water turns milky indicating the release of carbon dioxide.
9. This is how plants respire. They take oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Question 19.
How do you find respiration in sprouted seeds?
Answer:

1. Take sprouted seeds is the conical flask.
2. Pour water drop by drop in to the funnel through the funnel.
   
3. The released gases are allowed to pass through lime water.
4. Lime water turns milky indicating the release of carbon dioxide.
5. Sprouted seeds respire taking oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Question 20.
Write a note on the discovery of carbon dioxide.
Answer:

1. The first step towards trying to find out what air contained was carried out by Von Helmont.
   
2. He conducted an experiment of burning charcoal which leads to the formation of ash.
3. He found the weight of ash to be much less as compared to charcoal.
4. On the basis of this, he concluded that the decrease in mass was due to the formation of an invisible substance which he named “gas”.
5. In the year 1756, Joseph Black studied this gas in more detail.
   
6. He found that when limestone is heated or reacted with acids, it gives rise to a gas which he called “fixed air”.
7. He studied several properties of this gas. One of the properties was, lime water turned milky when this gas was passed through it.
8. Now we know this gas as carbon dioxide.

Question 21.
How is oxygen discovered? Write the history of its discovery.
Answer:

1. After nearly two decades of discovery of carbon dioxide, oxygen was discovered.
2. Joseph Priestley, published his“Experiments and observations on different kinds of air” and was the first to prove the different qualities of the gases released by plants and the one’s exhaled by animals (mice).
   
3. He discovered that, although a candle burned out in a closed container, when he added a living sprig of mint to the container, the candle would continue to burn.
4. At the time, Priestley did not know of Oxygen, but he correctly concluded that the mint sprig “restored” the air that the burning candle (or mice which he used in a similar set of experiments) had spoiled.
5. Priestley shared his observations with Lavoiser.
   
6. Lavoiser had also conducted several experiments on atmospheric air and knew that it contained many gases, and he identified Priestley’s discovery as the active component of air for which he had been searching.
7. He called it oxygen (Greek: acid former), in the belief that all acids contained it.

Question 22.
Do plants respire?
Answer:

1. Plants respire like us.
2. But it is difficult to observe this through experiments.
3. Both plants and animals use oxygen during respiration.

Question 23.
Read the table and answer the following questions.

Respiratory organ	Name of the organism
Gills	Fish, Tadpole
Skin	Frog, Earthworm
Trachea	Scorpion, Cockroach, Grasshopper
Lungs	Frog, Hen, Man

1. Which animals respire through the trachea?
2. Why does fish respire only in water?
3. In how many ways does frog respire?
4. Give some more examples for animals that respire with lungs.

Answer:

1. Scorpion, Cockroach, Grasshopper.
2. Gills are the respiratory organs of the fish. The gills absorb the oxygen that is dissolved in water. Hence, fish respire only in water.
3. Gills, Lungs, Skin.
4. Frog, Monkey, Man.

Question 24.
Name the respiratory organs of the following animals,
a) Fish b) Earthworm
Answer:
a) Fish ——– Gills.
b) Earthworm ——– Skin.

Question 25.
Read the table. Answer the questions given below.

Gases	Available in Inhaled gas (ml)	Available in Exhaled gas (ml)
Oxygen	210	165
Carbon dioxide	0.4	40
Nitrogen	790	795

a) Which gas is more in inhaled air?
b) What changes do you observe in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air? Where does it come from?
c) How much Oxygen is retained in our body?
d) Which gas is more useful in our respiration process?
Answer:
a) Nitrogen
b) The volume of carbon dioxide is increased. CO₂ is released during respiration.
c) 45 ml
d) Oxygen.

Question 26.
Latha’s teacher conducted an experiment in the classroom. Look at the picture and answer the following questions.

1. What is the aim of this experiment?
2. Which equipment is required to conduct this experiment?
3. Which gas is released during the experiment?
4. What other material can be used in this experiment instead of seeds?

Answer:

1. To prove that respiration takes place in plants.
2. Conical flask, a two-holed rubber cork, test tube, funnel, rubber tube and lime water.
3. CO₂ (Carbon dioxide)
4. Moong, Bengal gram.

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 5th Lesson Questions and Answers Kakatiya Kingdom

7th Class Social 5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom Textbook Questions and Answers

Review Of Your Previous Knowledge

Observe the given Map and respond to the following questions.

Question 1.
Which dynasties do you observe in the given map?
Answer:

1. Rajput kingdoms
2. Delhi Sultanate
3. Eastern Gangas
4. Kakatiya kingdom
5. Hoyasalas
6. Pandyas

Question 2.
According to given map who ruled Andhra region?
Answer:
Kakatiya Kingdom.

Question 3.
Name the South Indian kingdoms in the given map?
Answer:

1. Delhi Sultanate
2. Eastern Gangas
3. Kakatiya Kingdom
4. Pandyas.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How did the Kakatiyas emerge as independent rulers?
Answer:

1. Early Kakatiyas served as a feudatories to the Rashtrakutas and the Western Chalukya kings.
2. They were holding the posts of village heads called Rattadi and through their military skills became army chiefs, Samanthas, etc., and gained control over Ammakonda in Telangana.
3. The Kakatiyas emerged as independent rulers after the fall of Western Chalukyas.

Question 2.
Explain about the Kakatiya’s Administration.
Answer:
Kakatiya’s Administration :

1. The administration of the kingdom was organised on a military basis.
2. The Kakatiyas divided their territories among a number of military chiefs known as Nayankara.
3. The Nayankara had to maintain a stipulated number of troops for the services of the king.
4. The village administrative divisions were divided into two main classes, the Sthala and the Nadu.
5. The Sthala consisted of a group of villages ranging perhaps from 10 to 60 in number.
6. Nadu formed out of a combination of several Sthalas.
7. The villages were looked after by village officials called Ayagars.
8. The village was the basic unit of administration.

Question 3.
Who were Nayankara? Why were they appointed?
Answer:
Nayankara who served as a feudatory to the Kakatiyas obtained grants of lands from the Kakatiya monarchs to enable them to maintain their status.

“The skilled warriors are called Nayankar.”

They were appointed to collect the taxes and the maintain the army.

These Nayankaras were always loyal to the king or queen.

Question 4.
Describe the Kakatiya art and architecture.
Answer:
Art and Architecture of Kakatiyas :

1. The Thousand pillar temple and Ramappa temple were glorious constructions of the Kakatiya dynasty.
2. The iconic Kakatiya Toranam was built by Ganapathi Deva.
3. The scenic Pakhal Lake in Warangal is one of the famous.
4. The Thousand pillar temple has rock cut elephants and the monolithic dolerlte rock Nandi are the main attractions.
5. Ramappa temple was built with brick.
6. The carvings on them depict flowers, creepers, elephants, gandharvas, dancers, epic stories, etc.
7. Among the statues Yakshini’s and Nagini’s are most attractive.
8. Some of the pillars of that temple produce Saptaswaras.
9. Kakatiya temple architecture shows fantastic smooth carving of black-marble stone.
10. They followed Mandapa, Antaralaya and Garbha griha model with pillar sculptures. This style is called Thrikuta method.
11. UNESCO recognised this art and architecture as world heritage centres.

Question 5.
Read Introduction paragraph “During medieval period …………. art and architecture” comment.
Answer:
During the medieval period five important kingdoms are there in South India. Among them Kakatiyas are very famous.

1. Though they faced so many rampages from other kingdoms the Kakatiya’s did their best to protect their kingdoms.
2. They put more effort to promote unity among the regions which are under their control.
3. They encouraged local languages with the help of poets and scholars.
4. The protect their own architecture with the construction of temples and arches, etc.

Question 6.
Rudrama Devi, Ganapathi Deva, Prola raj II, Mahadev Rudra deva. Following rulers arrange in a chronological order.
Answer:
Kakatiya Rules:

1. Prola Raju-II : 1115-1157 C.E
2. Maha Deva : 1195-1199 C.E
3. Ganapathi Deva : 1199-1262 C.E
4. Rudramma Devi : 1262-1289 C.E

Question 7.
A European traveller visited Rudrama Devi reign. Who was he and which country did he come from?
Answer:
Marco Polo an Italian traveller visited Rudrama devi’s court.

Question 8.
Write a short note on the Economic and Social life of people in the Kakatiya reign.
Answer:
Economic Social life of people :

1. Some of the farmers get the land from the king on rent purpose these are called Artha Seeri.
2. The Kakatiyas brought large tracts of forest land under cultivation.
3. For the encouragement of agriculture rulers dug many tanks and constructured reservoirs.
4. During this period trade tax, lllari (house tax), Pullari (forest products), tax upon of flock (Addapatlu Sunkam) were imposed.
5. The imposed professional tax on artisans.
6. They appointed officials called Sunkadhikavisfor tax collection.
7. The Kakatiya kings gave much importance to foreign trade.
8. They developed Motupalli Port for this purpose.
9. In this period many women members of royal families made land grants.
10. Land, tanks, money, cattle, jewellery, etc., were donated to temple’s, brahmins and others.

Question 9.
Which regional dynasties emerged in the south India in Medieval era?
Answer:
During the medieval period five important kingdoms emerged in South India.
They are:

1. The Chalukyas of Kalyani,
2. The Yadavas,
3. The Kakatiyas,
4. The Hoyasalas and
5. The Pandyas.

Question 10.
Locate the following places in India map.
a) Godavari river b) Motupalli c) Warangal d) Devagiri
Answer:

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Founder of the Kakatiya Dynasty was ………….
a) Gundyana
b) Recharla Rudra
c) Ganapathi deva
d) Jayapa
Answer:
a) Gundyana

2. The Kakatiyas worshipped the mother goddess ……………..
a) Ammathalli
b) Kakati
c) Tripurasundari
d) Maisamma
Answer:
b) Kakati

3. Siva tatava saaram was written by ……………..
a) Mallikharjuna Panditharadya
b) Jayapa
c) Palkurki Somanadha
d) Nanne Choda
Answer:
a) Mallikharjuna Panditharadya

4. In every village some land was kept under king’s possession it was …………….
a) Velipolam
b) Rachapolam
c) Thotapolam
d) All the above
Answer:
b) Rachapolam

5. Motupalli inscription was issued by ………………
a) Rudrama Devi
b) Rudra Deva
c) Prataparudra
d) Ganapathi Deva
Answer:
d) Ganapathi Deva

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Basava puranam	a) Vidhyanadha
2. Kumara Sambhavam	b) Palkurki Somanadha
3. Nrutya Ratnavali	c) Nanne Chodudu
4. Pratapa Rudreeyamu	d) Tikkana
5. Srimadandhra Mahabharatam	e) Jayapa

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Basava puranam	b) Palkurki Somanadha
2. Kumara Sambhavam	c) Nanne Chodudu
3. Nrutya Ratnavali	e) Jayapa
4. Pratapa Rudreeyamu	a) Vidhyanadha
5. Srimadandhra Mahabharatam	d) Tikkana

IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Ramappa temple is located at ………………… .
2. Vilasa Grant referred to ………………… Nayaka.
3. Rekhapalli lies in the ………………… river basin.
4. Educational institutions Ghatikas were established by ………………… kingdom.
5. Capital of Yadavas ………………… .
Answer:

1. Warangal near Palampet village.
2. Prolaya
3. Sabari
4. Chalukyas of Kalyani
5. Devagiri

Puzzle

Draw boxes with help of given clue words.

1. Early capital of Kakatiya’s (11)
2. Women ruler in Kakatiya’s (11)
3. New capital of Kakatiya’s (8)
4. Prataparudra lost his throne due to the invasion of (9)
5. Nrutya ratnavali written by (6)
6. A fortified building called (4)
7. Women ruler (5)
8. Tax on forest products (7)
9. House tax (6)
10. The place where ships are allowed (4)
11. Founder of Chalukyas (7)
Answer:

1. Hanukonda
2. Rudrama Devi
3. Orugallu
4. Ulghu Khan
5. Jayapa
6. Fort
7. Queen
8. Pullari
9. lllari
10. Port
11. Thilapa

7th Class Social 5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 72

Question 1.
Have you heard any news related to ancient excavations and remains of historical monuments? Discuss in class.
Answer:
Yes, I heard some news about excavations in recent times.

Madurai: A granite plough and a tiny terracotta cubical dice have been found during the latest excavations at Keeladi ancient site in Tamilnadu.

R. Sivanatham, Deputy Director of Archaeology, State Archaeological Department, said the cubical dice has numbers one, two, three, four, five and six marked on it with depressions.

The three-sided granite plough is indicative of the fact that the people of Keeladi was indulged in farming according to him.

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 68

Question 1.
How do you think Rudrama Devi got those brave adventurous qualities?
Answer:
It was possible because that she was trained well from her childhood in the martial arts as well as in administrative skills.

They helped her to lead large armies and become a good administrator.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 69

Question 2.
Why did the Kakatiya rulers transfer the Nayankaras frequently?
Answer:
Nayankara were given several villages from where they could collect tax, but they did not keep the villages permanently.

They could be transferred at the will of the king to a new place.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 71

Question 3.
What aspects do you observe while visiting a temple?
Answer:
I observed the following aspects :

1. This temple is famous for Vishnu and Siva being combinedly worshipped in the same place.
2. Temple was built with brick.
3. The statues of this temple were made of black granite stone.
4. They used decorative art very beautifully.
5. The statue of Nandi here is very splendid.
6. Some of the pillars of that temple produce Saptaswaras.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 73

Question 4.
Why did all the local kings form into an alliance?
Answer:
The local kings formed an alliance to protect themselves from Muslim invasions.

Ex : Prolaya Verna Reddy and Prolaya Nayaka had joined efforts to drive the Muslim rule out from their area.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 64

Question 1.
Know the duration of the Medieval period with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
The Medieval period may be divided into two periods.
1. The Early Medieval period which lasted from the 6th to the 13th century and the “Late Medieval period” which lasted from the 13th to 16th century, ending with the start of the Mughal empire in 1526 A.D.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 67

Question 2.
Find out more details about Kakatiya Kala Thoranam from the internet.
Answer:

1. The arch was built around 12th century during the rule of Kakatiya dynasty.
2. The monument was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage site.
3. The Warangal Fort has four Arnamental gates to the destroyed great Shiva temple which are known as Kakatiya Kala Toranam.
4. These gates or arches in the Warangal Fort are said to have similarities with the gateways of the Sanchi Stupa.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 73

Question 3.
Let us discuss : What do we learn from History?
a) We should know the past and act wisely in future.
b) We should learn the heritage and culture from the past
Now add your opinion ……………………
…………………………………………………..
Answer:

1. History helps us develop a better understanding of the world.
2. History teaches a working understanding of change.
3. History gives us the tools we need to be decent citizens.
4. History makes us better decision makers.

Project Work

Collect the pictures related to Kakatiya kingdom and prepare photo album.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 7 Electricity – Current and Its Effect

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 7th Lesson Electricity – Current and Its Effect

7th Class Science 7th Lesson Electricity – Current and Its Effect Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are Series and Parallel electric circuits?
Answer:
A) Series circuits:

1. In a series circuit, electricity has only one path to flow through.
2. All the electrical components are connected in this path.
3. If any one of them is removed or is not functioning properly, the circuit will be incomplete.

B) Parallel circuits:

1. A parallel circuit has more than one path for the flow of electricity.
2. Each bulb in the circuit is connected in a separate path through which electricity can flow.

Question 2.
Describe the effect of connecting electrical cells in series. How would you connect them in series?
Answer:
Connecting Electrical cells in series:

1. Take a dry cell and torch bulb.
2. Connect the bulb to a cell using copper wires shown in figure-a. Observe the intensity of light.
   
3. Now take one more dry cell and connect two cells as shown in figure-b.
   
4. In this method the positive terminal of the first cell and the negative terminal of the second cell are connected to the bulb.
5. .When the cells are connected in series more electricity flows in the circuit and the bulb glows with greater brightness.

Question 3.
Describe the connection of cells in parallel. Draw the circuit diagram also.
Answer:
Connecting Electric Cells in Parallel:

1. Take three dry cells and connect them as shown in figure-a.
   
2. That is all the positive terminals of the three cells are connected together and all the three negative terminals are connected together.
3. These three positives and three negatives are connected together to a bulb.
4. There is no difference in the intensity of the bulb glow compared to that in the case of only one cell.
   

Question 4.
How are electric bulbs connected in series? Where do you find such connections in your daily life? What is the disadvantage with this arrangement?
Answer:
Connecting electric bulbs in series:

1. Connect three torch bulbs in series as shown in figure.
   
2. Connect this to a dry cell. Observe the brightness of each of the three bulbs.
3. Now connect one more dry cell in series with the first cell.
4. Observe the brightness of each of the bulb.
5. Then connect one more dry cell in series with the first two cells. Again observe the bulbs. The brightness of the bulbs increases with the addition of cells.
6. In series connection of bulbs, if one bulb gets fused, all the other bulbs in the series will stop glowing.
7. It means that if one bulb is disconnected the other bulbs do not glow. This is the disadvantage.
8. This can be observed in serial bulbs used in decorative items at the time of marriages and other festivals.

Question 5.
a) How are electric bulbs connected in parallel?
b) What is, the advantage with this type of connection?
c) Where do you find such connections?
Answer:
Connecting bulbs in parallel:
a)

1. Connect three bulbs in parallel as shown in figure.
   
2. That is, one end of each of the three bulbs are connected to one wire.
3. The other ends of the three bulbs are connected to another wire.
4. These two wires are connected to a cell. All the three bulbs glow dimly.
5. Now disconnect one of the bulbs.

b)

1. It means that if one bulb is disconnected the other bulbs continue to glow.
2. This is the advantage with this type of connection.
3. This can be observed in our household electric circuit. All components in our houses are connected in parallel.

Question 6.
What are the advantages of using tube lights and compact fluorescent lamps.
Answer:

1. Wastage of electricity can be reduced by using fluorescent tube lights in place of the bulbs, as shown in figure, (a).
   
2. Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFLs) shown in figure, (b) also reduces wastage and can be fixed in ordinary bulb holders.
   
3. The ISI mark of a lamp ensures that the appliance is safe.

Question 7.
What is an electric fuse? Explain its importance. How does it work?
Answer:
Electric Fuses:

1. When excessive electric current flows through a circuit the wires or the appliances may get heated and can catch fire.
2. To avoid fire, a safety device known as a fuse is connected in series in the circuit.
3. A fuse is a small piece of wire as shown in figure.
   
4. It is made of a special alloy that gets heated quickly and melts.
5. If the current in the circuit is too high, the fuse wire gets hot and melts.
6. This leaves a gap in the circuit. Automatically the circuit is broken and flow of electricity is stopped.
7. This protects appliances from getting burnt due to the passage of too large a current through them.

Question 8.
What is a Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)? What is its advantage? For which mark should we look at it?
Answer:
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB):

1. These days Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) is increasingly being used in place of fuses.
2. These are switches which automatically turn off when current in a circuit exceeds the safe limit.
3. It has a switch which goes OFF automatically if there is overheating.
   
4. This breaks the circuit. If we turn them on, the circuit is once Miniature Circuit again complete.
5. The advantage miniature circuit breakers have over fuses is that they can be reset (manually or automatically) to restore normal operation, whereas fuses need to be replaced after every single operation.
6. The MCB can be reset by hand and the circuit becomes complete once again.
7. Look for ISI mark on MCBs.

Question 9.
What are the inventions of Michael Faraday?
Answer:
Michael Faraday (1791-1867): Michael Faraday observed that by moving a magnet in and out of a coil we can make electric current flow through the coil. Using this he built the first electric generator or dynamo in 1831. He also invented the transformer.

Question 10.
What is the importance of symbols? What role do they play in our life?
Answer:

1. We know about symbols. We do indicate to our teacher that we wish to go out to drink water.
2. We know the signs for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
3. We might have used the symbols for ‘greater than’, ‘less than’, ‘equal to’ etc.
4. Symbols play an important role in our life.
5. They convey precise meaning with few descriptions.
6. Some common electric components can be represented by standard symbols.

Question 11.
What happens to the electric bulb when the current is passed?
Answer:

1. The bulb becomes hot when we put it on for some time.
   
2. It is the filament of the bulb that heats up due to current flowing through it.

Question 12.
What do you understand by the term ‘the filament of an electrical appliance’?
Answer:

1. We have seen an electric iron, electric cooker and electric heater.
   
2. All these contain a coil of wire made up of Nichrome.
3. This coil is called a filament of the appliance.

Question 13.
What happens when electrical appliances like electric iron, electric heater etc., are switched on?
Answer:

1. We have noticed that when these appliances electric heater, electric iron are switched on, their filaments become red hot and give out heat.
2. The amount of heat produced in a wire depends on its materials, length and thickness.
3. Thus, for different requirements, the wires of different materials, lengths and thicknesses are used.

Question 14.
What happens when an electric current passes through wires used for making electric circuits and through the elements of some electric appliances?
Answer:

1. The wires used for making electric circuits do not normally become hot.
2. On the other hand, the elements of some electric appliances become so hot that they are easily visible.
3. The filament of an electric bulb gets heated to such a high temperature that is starts glowing and giving out light.

Question 15.
Describe how can you make your own cell. Explain how do you test the working condition of that cell.
Answer:

1. We will need a few things to make a cell.
2. First get two injection bottles. Then cut two 3 cm long bits of thick copper wire. Use sandpaper to scrape about 1 cm of the coating off both ends of the wires.
3. Break open a discharged dry cell and remove its outer metal covering (made of Zinc). Cut two 2 mm wide and 3 cm long strips from this zinc plate.
4. Insert the copper wires and zinc strips separately into the rubber caps of the injection bottles as shown in Fig.
   
5. Ensure that the copper wires and zinc strips do not touch each other.
6. Now take a wire and connect the zinc plate of one bottle with the copper wire of the other bottle.
7. Fill both bottles with sulphuric acid. Carefully close the bottles with the caps in which the copper wires and zinc strips are inserted.
8. The cell is ready. To test its working take a LED.
9. Attach two wires to its two terminals. Touch the wire from one terminal to the copper wire of the first bottle and the wire from the other terminal to the zinc plate of the second bottle.
10. The LED lights up. It means the cell is working.

Question 16.
What can you see inside a dry cell when it is cut open?
Answer:

1. With the help of your teacher cut open a dry cell.
   
2. Observe the chemical components in the dry cell.
3. Inside a dry cell there are certain chemicals which react with one another to produce electric energy.

Question 17.
Think of the main use of electrical appliances and write their names in a table.
Answer:

Question 18.
How is electricity supplied to our houses ? Are we getting it free of cost?
Answer:

1. Most of the electricity that we use at home and at school is alternating current.
2. The main electricity that is supplied to our houses comes from power stations and sub-stations distribute electricity.
3. Electricity is not free of cost.
4. We have to pay for it according to how much we consume.

Question 19.
How can you know the current consumed in your house?
Answer:

1. We notice that a person belonging to the electricity department, the meter reader, visits houses every month and takes the meter readings.
   
2. If we look at the meter in our house we will notice a wheel that goes around and the numbers in the window keep changing.
3. Modern meters have digital displays.

Question 20.
What does the term ’one unit’ mean? How is the usage of electricity measured?
Answer:

1. If we look at the bulbs used in our home, we will notice that they are marked in watts 25 W, 40W, 60W, 100W.
2. The wattage measures how ‘powerful’ the bulb is.
3. The brighter the bulb, the higher its wattage and the more the electricity used by it.
4. 1 kilowatt (KW) is 1000 watts (W).
5. When any appliance of 1 Kilo Watt is used for one hour, it uses up one Kilo Watt – hour (KWH) or ‘one unit’ of electricity.
6. If it runs for two hours it will use up two units of electricity.

Question 21.
Draw a neat diagram of the dry cell and label its parts.
Answer:

Question 22.
Describe the construction of a dry cell.
Answer:
Description of a dry cell:

1. A dry cell consists of a container made up of zinc metal.
2. The container also serves as the negative terminal in the centre.
3. A carbon (graphite) rod with a metal cap serves as a positive terminal.
4. The carbon rod is surrounded by a mixture of carbon particles and a chemical called ammonium chloride.
5. The cell is sealed from the top.
6. The dry cell can supply electric current in a circuit for a certain time.
7. After that/its chemicals get exhausted and it cannot be used any more.
8. Dry cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

Question 23.
Write the symbols of some common electric components and describe their use.
Answer:

Question 24.
Draw a simple switch to close the circuit. For that draw the circuit diagram.
Answer:

1. See figure (a). A bulb, battery and switch are connected as shown.
2. Can we make this drawing simpler using symbols ?
3. The picture of circuit using symbols is called a circuit diagram.
4. Figure (b) shows a circuit diagram of the same circuit as shown in figure (a).

Question 25.
What is a circuit diagram? Explain it appreciating the simplification.
Answer:
Circuit Diagram: The picture of a circuit using symbols is called a circuit diagram.

1. There should be a source, which is one or more electric cells (battery).
2. The switch can be placed anywhere in the circuit. If the switch is in the ON position, the circuit is complete from the positive terminal of the battery to its negative terminal.
   
3. The circuit is then said to be closed and the current flows throughout the circuit constantly.
4. The wires should not have any discontinuity (gaps).
5. When the switch is in the OFF position, the circuit is incomplete. It is said to be open. No current flows through any part of the circuit.
6. Observe the sequence in which the cell, bulb and switch are connected in the circuit.
7. The sequence of components is as follows:
   Positive terminal of the cell → Wire → Switch → Wire → Bulb → Wire → Negative terminal of the cell

Question 26.
Why does the bulb glow brighter and brighter when electric cells are connected in series?
Answer:

1. The electricity can flow through one path when electric cells are connected in series.
2. Addition of a cell in such a circuit adds strength to the electricity flowing.
3. As more electricity flows into the bulb its glow becomes brighter.

Question 27.
Does electric bulb in your house glow with dry cell? Why?
Answer:

1. The electric bulb in our house does not glow with dry cell.
2. The electric bulb in our houses glows with the supply of A.C. at high voltage.
3. Dry cell supplies only D.C. at a low voltage.

Question 28.
Are the cells used in a torch light and wrist watch the same?
Answer:
They are not the same.

Question 29.
What is the reason for connecting electric bulbs in parallel in household electric appliances?
Answer:

1. In the house every bulb should glow independently without depending upon the working condition of other bulbs.
2. This is possible only with parallel connection.
3. So electric bulbs or electric appliances are connected in parallel in household electric connections.

Question 30.
How do we get a battery?
Answer:
By connecting small cells in series we get a battery.

Question 31.
The meter reading in Ayub’s house in January is 400 units, February 580 units. Calculate how much his parents would have to pay towards electricity bill of February. The unit cost is Rs. 3.05.
Answer:

Reading on January 1st	400 Units
Reading on February 1st	580 Units
Number of units Electricity Used	180 Units
Cost per unit	Rs. 3.05/-
Total Amount to be paid	180 × 3.05 = 549/­

Question 32.
Suppose in a house there are four bulbs of 100 W each, six of 60 W each and six of 40 W each. All of them are used for two hours a day. How many units of electricity will be used up in 30 days? How much will they have to pay at Rs. 2.80/- per unit.
Answer:

1. Total power used = (4 × 100 W) + (6 × 60 W) + (6 × 40 W) = 1000 W = 1 KW
2. Total power used every day = 2 hrs × 1 KW = 2 KWH
   In 30 days, power used = 2 × 30 KWH = 60 KWH
3. The cost of the power is = Rs. 2.80 × 60 = Rs. 168/-

Question 33.
Why should we use electricity carefully and only when needed?
Answer:

1. Our country faces a shortage of electricity.
2. So wasting electricity means we are depriving someone else of electricity.
3. Our bill also goes up.
4. So use electricity carefully and only when it is needed.

Question 34.
a) Look at the diagram, correct it and redraw.

b) Guess the reasons why the bulb did not glow in the circuit.
Answer:
a)

b)

1. The wires are not properly connected.
2. The battery lost its efficiency
3. The battery is not set properly.
4. The bulb has lost its filament.

Question 35.
Fill the table with suitable symbol of electric components listed in the table.

Answer:

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 11th Lesson Road Safety Education Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 11th Lesson Questions and Answers Road Safety Education

7th Class Social 11th Lesson Road Safety Education Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

1. Prepare slogans to create awareness on the prevention of road accidents.
Answer:

1. Little attention on road leads you risk free journey.
2. Stop – Look – Go while you cross the road.
3. Drive with carefulness because you life is priceless.
4. Line and signs on the road are the symbols of your safety.
5. Respect the road rules – Be a responsible citizen.

Question 2.
If you are a traffic officer, which steps would you like to suggest to the students to reach the school safely?
Answer:

1. I would create indepth awareness about the rules to be followed on road.
2. Ask the school staff to conduct a mock road usage like Kerb drill.
3. I will ask the students to follow the basic rules like
   a) Always walk on footpath.
   b) Cross the road at Zebra Crossing only.
   c) If Zebra Cross is not available, find safe place to cross, look first at right, then left, if everything is clear – cross the road safety.
   d) Start early to reach your destination in time and avoid hurriedness on road.
   e) Follow the traffic signs strictly. Use hand signs wherever necessary.
   f) Give adequate space to heavy vehicles and never overtake them.

Question 3.
What are the traffic rules you need to follow while using road?
Answer:
Rules for pedestrians :

1. Use footpath to walk on road. Else walk on left side margin.
2. Cross the road only at Zebra Crossing. If it is not available follow Kerb drill.
3. Be cautious at signal lights and move accordingly.
4. Don’t go for triple ride on cycle or motor cycle.
5. Avoid using phones on road and listening to music.
6. Don’t play on road and let pet animals on road.
7. Use torch and reflectors during night time
8. Don’t overtake vehicles from left.
9. Don’t ride close to heavy vehicles.
10. Don’t accept gifts from strangers.

Question 4.
What are the duties of a traffic police?
Answer:

1. Traffic police is the person who assigned the duties of regulating, the traffic and guide the public for safe travel on road.
2. Inculcate awareness on road usage among public.
3. Regulate the flow of traffic.
4. Alert the people regularly to avoid road accidents.
5. Make arrangements for emergency medical help to the victim of road accidents.
6. Accord penalties to the road users who violate road safety rules.

Question 5.
Give suggestions to prevent road accidents.
Answer:

1. Follow the road rules and traffic signs compulsorly.
2. Use vehicles as per speed limits on road.
3. Always ride the vehicles in controllable speed.
4. Use helmet, seat belts.
5. Avoid using mobile phone on road and listening music.
6. Inculcate awareness on road usage measures from school life.
7. Do not rush on roads.
8. Do not play and let animals on road.
9. Do not chase or overtake the power driven vehicles.
10. Driving licence is mandatory for power driven vehicles..
11. Trauma care must be available on high ways.

II. Choose the correct answers.

1. Which of the following colour lights indicate stop before line?
A) Orange
B) Green
C) Red
D) Yellow
Answer:
C) Red

2. Find out the odd one.
A) Footpath
B) Bridge
C) Divider
D) Zebra crossing
Answer:
B) Bridge

3. Which is a road safety hurdle?
A) Using footpaths by pedestrians
B) Following traffic signals
C) Pedestrians crossing the road at zebra crossing
D) None
Answer:
D) None

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Footpath	a) Road marking sign
2. Red colour light	b) Get ready to go
3. Green colour light	c) Pedestrians
4. Orange colour light	d) Move the vehicle
5. Road divider	e) Stop before the line

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Footpath	c) Pedestrians
2. Red colour light	e) Stop before the line
3. Green colour light	d) Move the vehicle
4. Orange colour light	b) Get ready to go
5. Road divider	a) Road marking sign

7th Class Social 11th Lesson Road Safety Education InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 57

Question 1.
Observe the pictures given below and put a tick mark (✓) against pictures that are dangerous.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 63

Question 2.
Interact with traffic police about traffic rules.
Ans. One day after school hours I met the traffic police who discharges his duties on the road.
Even though he is busy with duties but accepted my request to explained the following traffic rules.

1. Pedestrains should walk on footpath.
2. Cross the road at zebra crossing.
3. Look behind and cross only when there is enough gap.
4. Never play on the road.
5. Nevel walk on railway tracts.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 67

Question 3.
Let’s pick up the placards and make a rally in your village/ town to aware people on road safety.

Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 68

Question 4.
Fill up the following with Do’s and Don’ts while using the road.

Answer:

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 57

Question 1.
How can you say that traffic problem has increased due to urbanization?
Answer:

1. Due to rapid industrialisation for employment purpose more people move to the towns & cities.
2. It led to the increase of traffic.
3. Maximum number of people have their own vehicles.
4. For jobs, schools and for own work purposes all the people come on the road at a time.
5. Growth of population is also an another reason.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 60

Question 2.
Identify other reasons for road crashes.
Answer:

1. Not wearing seat belts and helmets.
2. Rain or wet roads.
3. Potholes and Bad road condition.
4. Tailgating etc.

Question 3.
If a person met with a road crash, how will it effect his / her family?
Answer:
If a person met with an road crash, the entire family will effect by the following,

1. Sometimes the family may loose the member.
2. If the family depends on him, they may face financial problems.
3. Sometimes children may stop their education.

Question 4.
How do you react when somebody met with an crash on the road?
Answer:

1. At first, I will check how is the person’s condition. If it is ok, means small incident.
2. I will take the candidate to the hospital in case of minor injures, or I will call 108 in case of major accident.
3. I will inform to the police and tell about what I saw on the spot of an crash

Question 5.
How a country’s economy effects, if majority of the youth lost their lives in accidents.
Answer:

1. The economy of any country depends on the productive capacity of the youth of the country.
2. If majority of the youth lost their lives in accidents, it would damage our economy.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 67

Question 6.
Now a days traffic is increasing rapidly. Find out the possible solutions for this.
Answer:

1. Use of public transportation.
2. Carpooling is a .very good option.
3. If we want to go for short distance, we should go on foot.
4. The government has to allocate sites to hospitals, colleges and offices in the outskirts of city.
5. Government has to increase more number of public transport facilities.

Question 7.
What will happen if someone doesn’t follow traffic signals?
Answer:
If traffic signals are not followed, there can be more accidents.

Question 8.
What sign boards are required at your school premises?
Answer:

1. School is ahead, go slow.
2. Drive slowly, children may cross the road.
3. Blow Horn, save children.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 62

Question 1.
With the help of your teacher collect the remaining signs from RTA office/ Traffic Police. Discuss about them in the classroom. Or Visit: https://morth.nic.in/
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 62

Question 2.
Match the following traffic signs with their meanings.

Answer:
Mandatory Signs : D, E, A, B, C
Information Signs : B, C, D, E, A
Cautionary Signs : B, C, A, E, D

Project Work

Question 1.
Prepare a model electronic traffic signals with all road marking signs.
Answer:

Question 2.
Visit traffic police office and learn about road safety.
Answer:
One day I visited traffic police office.
I met some of the traffic police officers here. They are explaining about road safety
measures to persons. Some of the following road safety measures.

1. Always avoid distractions.
2. Never break Red Signal.
3. Keep a safe distance from the vehicle ahead.
4. Always drive within speed limit.
5. Always wear a helmet while riding a bike (or) Wear seat belt while driving a car.
6. Follow the traffic signals.

Question 3.
Write a letter to your friend what precautions to take on the road when going from home to school and when coming home from school.
Answer:

Place : …………. 25-11-2021 Dear Murthy, I am doing well. How are you doing. I congratulate you for getting first rank in the first semester. I wish to tell you one thing I faced when I was going to my school. Yesterday when I was going to school I escaped from a big road accident because of my hurry. The traffic police saved and gave me some precautions about road safety. So I want to share those to you also because you are also travelling 3 kms daily from your home to school daily. Please do follow my suggestions. Cross the road at the Zebra Crossing…. Do not run on the streets. … Always walk on the pavement…. Do not stick your hand or head out of a moving vehicle. … Strap on seatbelts in cars. … Get off on the safer side of the car…. Gear up for bicycle rides. Wish you a bright future Thank you raa. Yours loving friend BABU. To NLN Murthy S/o. ……………………….. ……………………………….. ………………………………..

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 4th Lesson Delhi Sultanate Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 4th Lesson Questions and Answers Delhi Sultanate

7th Class Social 4th Lesson Delhi Sultanate Textbook Questions and Answers

Review Of Your Previous Knowledge

Observe the given Map and respond to the following questions.

Question 1.
Suggest a title to the map given here.
Answer:
Different dynasties in South India.

Question 2.
Find the different kingdoms in South India and list out them.
Answer:

1. Pandya
2. Chola
3. Deccan
4. Vijayanagar.

Question 3.
Locate any two cities in the map which are still in existence.
Ansnser:

1. Sanchi
2. Sarnath
3. Pataliputra (Patna)
4. Konark
5. Puri.

Question 4.
Locate Delhi in the given map and discuss its importance.
Answer:
Delhi is of great historical significance as an important commercial, transport and cultural hub, as well as the political centre of India.

According to legend, the city was named for Raja Dhilu, a king who reigned in the region in the 1st century B.C.

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Write about Bandagan System introduced by lltutmish.
Answer:

1. lltutmish purchased slaves for military service called Bandagan in Persian.
2. The Sultan was confident in this system as these slaves were loyal and completely dependent on their king.
3. It was continued during Khiljis and Tughlaqs.
4. The heirs of the Bandagans who were loyal to Sultah were appointed as generals and governors.

Question 2.
Locate the following in the out line map of India,
i. Delhi ii. Nepal iii. Afghanistan iv. Daulatabad v. Gujarat
Answer:

Question 3.
Collect and paste the pictures of any five rulers of the Delhi sultanate on a chart and write about them in five lines each.
Answer:
Five rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. MB

1. Qutubuddin Aibak

1. Qutubuddin Aibak was a general of Muhammad Ghori.
2. He was incharge of the Ghori territories in the Northern India.
3. After death of Ghori, he became a ruler of an independent kingdom in India.
4. He was the first ruler of Delhi Sultanate.
5. He was the founder of Slave Dynasty in India.

2. Razia Sultana :

1. Razia Sultan was the first Muslim woman, who was involved in the throne of Delhi.
2. She succeeded her father lltutmish and turned into the Sultanate of Delhi.
3. Razia Sultan was very wise, an excellent administrator and brave warrior.
4. Being a profitable ruler Razia Sultan set up legitimate and complete peace in her domain.
5. Each and every single person follows the rules and regulations set up by her.

3. Alauddin Khalji

1. Alauddin Khalji was the successor of Jalaluddin Khalji.
2. He took strong measures to control Mangole invasions and to curb his opponents.
3. He maintained spy system to control the conspiring nobles.
4. He recruited and organised a standing army.
5. He strictly controlled the prices of commodities in the markets.

4. Muhamad bin Tughlaq

1. Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the most learned and yet he was an eccentric ruler.
2. He was proficient in philosophy, mathematics, astronomy etc.
3. He was an excellent warrior and good administrator of innovative measures.
4. He changed his capital from Delhi to Devagiri.
5. He introduced copper coins.

5. Ibrahim Khan Lodi

1. Ibrahim Lodi was an Afghan Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate.
2. He faced a numbers of rebellions.
3. He was a very cruel and high headed ruler who was known for his atrocities.
4. He fought with Rana Sangram. Ibrahim Khan Lodi
5. He was defeated by Babur a Mughal ruler in the Battle of Panipat in 1526 A.D.

Question 4.
Write a brief note on administration of the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
Administration of Sultans :

1. The Sultan authority was supreme in all aspects of administration.
   All the powers of political, legal, military and religious powers vested with him.
2. The rule was in accordance with Shariat or the Islamic law.
3. The Sultanate was divided into smaller units ’Iqtas, Shiqs, Parganas and Villages.
4. The centre will not interfere in the affairs of village administration.
5. The heirs of the Bandagans who were loyal to Sultan were appointed as generals and governors.
6. Chahaigani played pivotal role during the period of lltutmish.

Question 5.
What is your opinion on introducing copper and brass coinage during the Tughlaqs?
Answer:
My opinion is

1. It became difficult for Tughlaq to obtain regular supply of gold and silver for minting coins.
2. Thus, he replaced those coins and started the circulation of copper and brass coins as the token currency.
3. He asked the people to consider them equal to the value of gold and silver coins.

Question 6.
Write about Iqta system.
Answer:
Iqta system

1. Delhi Sultanate was divided into Iqtas.
2. The governors of these Iqtas were called Muqtis, the military officers.
3. Muqtis had to maintain law and order in theirallotted Iqtas and had to provide military, revenue services to Sultan.
4. Revenue collected from their Iqtas was utilised for administrative purpose and maintenance of army.
5. Rank of Muqti was not hereditary.
6. They were often transferred from one Iqta to another Iqta.

Question 7.
Write a few words on social and economic life of Delhi sultanate.
Answer:
Social Life :

1. The Muslim community had two branches, foreign and local.
2. Foreign origin stood first in the society. ‘
3. They got many privileges and influenced the administration.
4. The Indian Muslims were down graded to the second place.
5. They occupied many jobs like teachers, judges etc. ‘

Economic Life:

1. Agriculture was the main occupation.
2. The tillers had to play 1/3 of their produce as land revenue.
3. Textile industry was the main industry. .
4. Trade was carried in both ways – internal and international.
5. Alauddin Khalji introduced the market reforms. .
6. Grains were stored in government granaries.
7. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was introduced copper and brass coins.

Question 8.
Explain the administrative failures of Mohammad-Bin-Tughlaq.
Answer:
Failures of Tughlaq :

1. His campaign into Kashmir was a disaster, after which he gave up his plans to invade Transoxiana.
2. The shifting of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad was a spoiled decision.
3. He ordered entire population to move with bed and baggage. Many died during the travel and some after reaching the destination.
4. The rising of taxes and famine, the Ganga, Yamuna belt led to the wide spread of rebellions.
5. He also, introduced ‘Token’ currency in copper coins and agriculture reforms. These were ill-calculated experiments which provied a miserable failures of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. The Delhi Sultans divided the Empire into …………………..
a) Mandala
b) Iqtas
c) Nadus
d) Valanadus.
Answer:
b) Iqtas

2. People started minting coins in their homes during the period of ……………….
a) Alauddin Khalji
b) Balban
c) Muhammad bin Tuglaq
d) Ibrahim Lodi
Answer:
c) Muhammad bin Tuglaq

3. Alauddin Khalji was connected to this issue.
a) Branding of horses
b) Changing of capital
c) Founder of Khilji dynasty
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Branding of horses

4. Alai Darwaja was constructed by
a) Muhammad bin Tuglaq
b) Alauddin Khalji
c) Gyasuddin Balban
d) Sikindar Lodi.
Answer:
b) Alauddin Khalji

5. Iqtas were administered by
a) Muqtis
b) Governors
c) Wazirs
d) Quazis
Answer:
a) Muqtis

III. Match the following.

Group-A	Group-B
1. Slave Dynasty	a) Bahalul Lodi
2. Tuglaq Dynasty	b) Khizr Khan
3. Khalji Dynasty	c) Ghiyasuddin
4. Lodi Dynasty	d) Qutb’uddin Aibak
5. Sayyad Dynasty	e) Jalaluddin

Answer:

Group-A	Group-B
1. Slave Dynasty	d) Qutb’uddin Aibak
2. Tuglaq Dynasty	c) Ghiyasuddin
3. Khalji Dynasty	e) Jalaluddin
4. Lodi Dynasty	a) Bahalul Lodi
5. Sayyad Dynasty	b) Khizr Khan

IV. Identify and write the rulers to the description given below.

Famous Woman ruler
Founder of Slave dynasty
Couplet writer during Tughluks
Shifting of Capital
Last ruler of Delhi Sultans
The first ruler of Mughal dynasty

Answer:

Famous Woman ruler	Raziya Sultana
Founder of Slave dynasty	Qutubuddin Aibak
Couplet writer during Tughluks	Amir Khusrau
Shifting of Capital	Muhammad – Bin – Tughlaq
Last ruler of Delhi Sultans	Ibrahim Lodi
The first ruler of Mughal dynasty	Babar

Puzzle

Solve the puzzle with the words related to given hints.

Down :
2. Famous woman Muslim ruler (12)
3. Another name of Mamluk dynasty (12)
4. The last ruler of Delhi Sultanate (11)

Across:
1. The rule is based on Islam principles. (7)
5. Daulatabad is located in this state (11)
6. The first capital of Delhi sultanate (6)
7. The writer of couplets (11)
Answer:

7th Class Social 4th Lesson Delhi Sultanate InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 50

Question 1.
Collect the names of some literary works of the Medieval period and write them on a chart.

Name of the book	Writer
1. Tarik-AI-Hind	Alberuni
2. Tuti-e-Hind	Amir Khusrow
3. Badshah Nama	Abdul Hamid Lahori
4. Tughlaq Nama	Amir Khusrow
5. SurSagar	Surdas
6. Periya Puranam	Sekkilar
7. Amukta Malyada	Sri Krishna Devaraya
8. Shahnama	Ferdowsi
9. Kitab-ul-Rehla	Ibn Battuta

Question 2.
Have you visited any historical places earlier? Try to write a travelogue.
Answer:
Yes, I visited important historical places, Madurai, Rameswaram in Tamilnadu.

Like a lot of other trips, Madurai to Kanyakumari circuit had been on my mind for a long time. Since the whole trip was not working out I went for a short trip to Madhurai and Rameshwaram.

I went on road way. The road from Madurai is single lane but very good and does not have too much traffic like NH.7.

I stayed at a Hotel. It provide all facilities.

About Madurai:
I saw Meenakshi temple is what makes Madurai famous.

Temple is located at the middle of the city. I can enter the temple from all four directions, but east is the recommend direction to enter.

As I go inside by design I get into the queue for darshan. And came out only after I have had the darshan.

When I came after the Sundareswar darshan from the exit on the eastern side, i came across the Mandapam or hall with thousand pillars. The central hall has Nataraj Statue.

Next I went to Rameswaram Temple.

This temple is similar to the Madurai Meenakshi temple, may be a bit smaller. The unique feature of this temple is the 22 wells. The temple has many Shiva Lingas.

I returned after 3 days. I am so tired, but I am happy I did it.

Question 3.
Name some historical places in your surroundings in the following proforma :

Answer:

Name of the Historical Place	Name of the District & Mandal	Importance of the place
1. Gandikota Fort	Kadapa district Jammalamadugo (Md)	Sand fort It was ruled by Kalyani Chalukyas and Kamma kings.
2. Lepakshi	Anantapur-(dt) Hindupur	Vijayanagara kings ruled this area. Veerabhadra Temple is there.
3. Amaravati	Guntur (Dt)	It is the capital of Andhra Satavahanas. Famour pilgrimage site for Hindus & Buddhists. So many dynasties ruled this place.
4. Kondareddy Buruju / Fort	Kurnool	The fort has different gateways and bastions. It was ruled by Vijayanagara Kings.
5. Undavalli caves	Guntur (Dt)	These are ancient cave temples. It was ruled by Vishnu kundinas famous for Gupta architecture. Lord Vishnu statue is there.
6. Chandragiri Fort	Chittoor District Near Tirupati	It came under the control of Vijayanagara Kings.
7. Kondapalli Fort	Krishna District	It was built by Reddy Kings. It was used as business centre. During colonial rule British soldiers were given training in this fort.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 53

Question 4.
List out the invasions of Alauddin Khalji the Map 4.2. into South India with place and year based on
Answer:
Invasions of Alauddin Khalji

Year	Place
1. 1296	Devagiri
2. 1301-1311	Dwarasamudra
3. 1311	Madurai
4. 1311	Warangal

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 56

Question 5.
Collect the pictures of coins belong to different dynasties.
Answer:

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 58

Question 6.
Qutub Minar stands as master piece of Delhi architecture. Discuss.
Answer:

1. Qutub Minar construction was started by Qutubuddin Aibak and completed by lltutmist.
2. The minar is made of red sandstone. The first three storeys are same.
3. The Fourth and fifth storeys are of marble and sandstone.
4. Highest tower with a height of 74.1 meters.
5. It was constructed as a grand monument to celebrate the defeat of the last Hindu ruler of Delhi and the establishment of Muslim dominance.

Question 7.
Prepare a table with the details of the famous rulers of Delhi sultanate and significance of their rule.
Answer:
Chronology of Delhi Sultanate

Significance of the Rulers

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 50

Question 1.
How are archeological sources useful for the study of history.
Answer:

1. The archeological sources played an important role in construct or to reconstruct the history of a region.
2. The archeological source enhanced our knowledge about our pa :” and ais provided important materials, which we could not have been obtained othe wise.

Example :
Inscriptions, coins, monuments are the archeological sources.

These material things provide valuable information about social, political ar d economic status of the people of the period.

They give evidences of Ancient history.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 52

Question 2.
During those days the ruling power was on hereditary basis. But sometimes Sons-in- law and Fathers-in law also occupied the crown. Imagine the reason behind it.
Answer:

1. If the king did not have an eldest son, then his brother or another male relative may be appointed as king.
2. Some of the kings were assassinated by their Son-in-law or Father-in-laws to gain the power.

Question 3.
As a woman ruler Rasia had to face discrimination and conspiracies. Are the women of the present times free to make their choices as a man would?
Answer:
Even though at present women are facing discrimination and conspiracies they au coming them and making their ae choices.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 53

Question 4.
What is corruption? And how it can be checked?
Answer:

1. Illeagal ways and means of earning money is corruption.
2. Establishing accountability through oversight systems and transparent decision-making.
3. We can reduce corruption by increasing direct contact between government and the governed.

Question 5.
“Kings or rulers usually conduct campaigns on other kingdoms or places”, Find out the reasons.
Answer:
The general reason is each and every king or ruler has a desire to protect and extend their empire. Due to these kings reason usually conduct the campaigns on other kingdoms.
Ex : Alexander, Akbar, Aurangazeb, Asoka etc.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 54

Question 6.
What could be the reason for shifting the capital from Delhi to Daulathabad?
Answer:
Sultan changed the capital from Delhi to Devagiri (Daulathabad) as he wanted to establish it at a strategic point and at the central location and close proximity to the South.

Question 7.
What might be the reason for the death of many people on their travelling from Delhi to Daulathabad?
Answer:
Reasons:

1. The distance between Delhi to Devagiri was far more than they expected.
2. They carried heavy bed and baggage without transportation.
3. In addition to that there was no suffient amount of food and water.

All these circumstances led them to their death while travelling Delhi to Daulatabad.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 58

Question 1.
Learn more information about the art and architecture of Delhi sultanate.
Answer:
The important architectures of Delhi Sultanate.

1. Tomb of lltutmish.
2. Purana Qila
3. Tomb of Kale Khan
4. Tomb of Darya Khan
5. Tomb of Hashang Shah
6. Mehrauli, Tomb of Imam Zamin
7. The Alai Darwaja
8. Tomb of Isa Khan
9. The Qutub Minar
10. Alauddiq Khilji’s Tomb
11. Quwwat Ul Islam Mosque
12. Lodhi Gardens etc.

Characteristics of Sultanate Architecture :

1. A mixture of Indian and Iranian style.
2. Buildings constructed with the material of Hindu temples.
3. Pointed arched in Muslim structures’.
4. Carvings
5. Use of geometrical designs.
6. Use of Stones and Lime.

Project Work

Prepare an album with the pictures of the constructions of Delhi Sultans and find out their style of Architecture.
Answer:

Qutub Minar :
The Qutub Minar is the world’s tallest brick minaret at 74.1 metres, built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak of the Slave dynasty in 1192 CE.

Jahaz Mahal:
Jahaz Mahal is built during the Lodi dynasty period (1452¬1526) as a pleasure resort,
Malwa architectural style,

Alai Darwaja :
Indo-lslamic architecture

Tomb of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq :
The tomb of the founder of the dynasty, Ghiyathal-Din Tughluq (d. 1325) is more austere, but impressive; like a Hindu temple, it is topped with a small amalaka and a round finial like a kaiasha. Unlike the buildings mentioned previously, it completely lacks carved texts, and sits in a compound with high walls and battlements.

Mausoleum of lltutmish :
Mausoleum of lltutmish, Delhi, by 1236, with corbel arches.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 4 Motion and Time

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson Motion and Time

7th Class Science 4th Lesson Motion and Time Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give few examples of motion you observe in day to day life.
Answer:

1. Motion is a common experience in our life. We observe birds flying in air, buses, autos, cars, bullock carts, moving on roads, trains on railway tracks and many other objects around us in motion.
2. Apart from observing motions of objects around us, we ourselves experience motion while we are walking, running, playing, riding a bicycle etc.
3. Similarly, we observe many objects like trees, buildings, display boards, electric poles etc., at rest while we walk to school.

Question 2.
How do you explain the terms motion and rest? Give an illustrative answer.
Answer:

1. We know that the position of the car has changed with respect to the tree in ‘2’ seconds. But there is no change in the position of the tree with respect to its surroundings.
   
2. An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to its surroundings in a given time.
3. An object is said to be at rest if there is no change in its position with respect to its surroundings in a given time.
4. Thus, we can say that the tree is at rest and the car is in motion while we observe them over a period of time (2 seconds in this case).

Question 3.
Explain the terms uniform and non-uniform motions and define them.
Answer:
Uniform and non-uniform motion:

1. A body is said to be in motion if its position keeps on changing with time (with respect to the observer).
2. But in our daily life we experience certain motions in which, the change in position of objects remains the same for a time interval, in some other motions, the change in position of the object will not be the same for a given time interval.
3. Uniform motion (Definition): If a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time it is said to be in uniform motion.
4. Non – Uniform motion (Definition): If a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to be in non – uniform motion.

Question 4.
Explain the types of motion with suitable examples.
Answer:
Types of Motions:

1. When we discuss about motion, it is important to be aware that there exist different types of motions and each type is dependent on a particular situation.
2. Let us consider the following examples.
3. A car travelling along a straight road.
4. Motion of blades of a ceiling fan.
5. Motion of needle in a running sewing machine.
6. Motion of pendulum in an old wall clock.
7. Considering the direction of motion what differences do we notice in above examples?
8. The motions in the above examples are different in terms of direction of motion.
   a) Car is moving in same direction along a straight line.
   
   b) Blades of ceiling fan rotate about a fixed line in a circular path.
   
   c) Needle of sewing machine moves up and down about a fixed point.
   
   d) Pendulum of the wall clock oscillates ‘to’ and ‘fro’ about a fixed point.
   
9. Based on the path taken by the bodies in motion we classify motion of bodies as,
   1) Translatory motion
   2) Rotatory motion
   3) Oscillatory motion

Question 5.
Define rectilinear motion and curvilinear motion.
Answer:

1. Rectilinear motion (Definition): If a body in translatory motion moves along a straight line then motion is called rectilinear motion.
2. Curvilinear motion (Definition): If a body in translatory motion moves along a curved path then motion is called curvilinear motion.

Question 6.
Identify the types of motion in the examples given below.
We notice everyday some motions which are rectilinear and curvilinear at a time. Some examples of motions are given below; Label them as rectilinear (R) or curvilinear (C) or Rectilinear and curvilinear (RC) motions.
1. Seconds hand of a watch. ( )
2. Movement of a train on tracks. ( )
3. Movement of a tape in a tape recorder. ( )
4. Movement of a needle in a speedometer of car. ( )
5. Movement of a bus on hill station road. ( )
6. Motion of coins on a carrom board. ( )
7. Motion of the ball in pin board. ( )
8. Motion of a mango falling from tree.  ( )
Answer:
1. Seconds hand of a watch. ( C )
2. Movement of a train on tracks. ( R )
3. Movement of a tape in a tape recorder. ( C )
4. Movement of a needle in a speedometer of car. ( C )
5. Movement of a bus on a hill station road. ( RC )
6. Motion of coins on a carrom board. ( R )
7. Motion of ball in pinboard. ( RC )
8. Motion of a mango falling from tree. ( R )

Question 7.
Explain Rotatory motion with suitable examples.
Answer:
Observe the following diagrams.


1. What similarity do we find in all the motions?
Answer:
We find all the bodies rotating around an axis.

2. What is the path of motion of each particle of the body that moves?
Answer:
The path of motion of each particle of the body that moves is circular.

3. Is there any change in the position of a body while it is in motion?
Answer:
Except car there is no change in the position of the bodies while they are in motion.
The motion of all these bodies is rotatory motion.

Question 8.
Explain rotatory motion by taking the blades of a fan moving as an example. Define rotatory motion.
Answer:

1. While the blade of a fan is moving, the points A, B, and C on the blade move to Av Br Cj first and then move to A2, B, and C2 position,
2. Thus when a fan is in motion, each point on the blade moves in a circular path around the centre of the fan which is fixed.
3. Here, we observe that the position of a fan is not changing.
   Only the blades of fan are changing their position continuously and moving in circular path around a fixed point.
   
4. The imaginary line passing through this fixed point is called axis of rotation.
5. This type of motion is called Rotatory Motion.
6. Rotatory motion (Definition) : Rotatory motion means that, motion of all particles of a moving body follow a circular path with respect to a fixed centre or axis of rotation.

Question 9.
Explain the terms ‘slow’ and ‘fast motions’.
Answer:

1. We observe many objects in motion in our daily life.
2. In some cases objects move slowly and in other cases they move fast.
3. To know whether the motion is slow or fast

Let us assume that you started to school on a bicycle and your friend started in a bus at the same time from a place.
a) Who reaches the school first? Why?
b) Do you find any difference in the time taken by bicycle and bus to reach the school?
Answer:
a) My friend reached the school first. Because he started in a bus and I started on a bicycle.
b) Bus reaches the school fast. It means bus took less time to reach the school. Bicycle took more time to reach the school.

Question 10.
Observe following pairs of objects that are in motion. Compare their motions and decide which moves slower and which move faster. Mark (S) in relevant box.
a) Whether the motion of a body is slow or fast?
Answer:

a) The body is said to be moving fast if it takes less time to travel the given distance as compared to another body.

Question 11.
Do we need to know about distance covered, time taken by the body in motion to decide whether the motion is slow or fast?
Answer:
Yes, we need to know about distance covered, time taken by the body in motion, to decide whether the motion is slow or fast.

Question 12.
Priya, Karthik, Divya and Kiran participated in a 100 m. running race. They took 20 s, 22s, 25s and 28s respectively to reach the finishing line. Who do you think ran the fastest and whose running is slowest? Why?
Answer:

1. Obviously we can see that all of them ran the same distance of 100 m but time taken to cover the distance was different.
2. Priya took the shortest time of 20 seconds which shows that she was the fastest.
3. Kiran took the longest time of 28 seconds which shows that he was the lowest.

Question 13.
Write the units of time.
Answer:
The basic unit of time is a second(s). Larger units of time are minutes (min) and hours (h).
Table: Units of time

Question 14.
What is the need to know the speed? How do we know it?
Answer:

1. Many objects in the world around us are moving.
2. To compare how fast they are moving, we need to know their speed.
3. You may have observed the speedometer in motor cars which tells us how fast the car is travelling.
4. Usually, the speedometer in a vehicle shows the distance travelled in kilometers and the needle shows the speed of the journey in kilometers per hour.
5. Look at the speedometers of two vehicles shown here and decide which vehicle is slower.
   Car – 1 is slower.
   

Question 15.
How do you calculate the average speed of any object?
Answer:

1. Average speed = Total distance travelled / Total time taken to travel the distance.
2. Thus we can define speed of an object as the distance travelled by it in a unit of time.

Question 16.
What are the units of speed?
Answer:
Units of speed.

1. Depending on the need and context, speed is measured in different units.
2. Unit of speed in S.I. system is meter per second (m/s)
3. Another unit commonly used for speed is kilometer per hour (Km/h).
4. The basic unit of speed is m/s.

Question 17.
Observe motion of the car.

1. The distance between the driver and the car changes. ( )
2. The distance between the car and gate of the house is changed. ( )
3. There is no change in the position of gate of the house with respect to its surroundings. ( )
4. There is no change in the position of the car with respect to its surroundings. ( )

Answer:

1. The distance between the driver and the car does not change.
2. The distance between the car and gate of the house is changed. (Correct statement)
3. There is no change in the position of the gate of the house with respect to its sourroundings (Correct statement)
4. There is change in the position of the car with respect to its surroundings.

Question 18.
Show that 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s.
Answer:
1 km = 1000 m
and 1 h = 3600 s
1 km / h = 1000 m/3600 s = 5/18 m/s

Question 19.
Consider a car driven on a road. A person seated beside the driver recorded the distance travelled after every 10 minutes by noting the distance reading in the
speedometer. The distance travelled by the car at different instances of time is as follow.
a) What is the total distance travelled by the car?
b) What is the time taken to travel the distance?

Time	Reading of Distance Covered
0 minute	0 km
10 minute	15 km
20 minute	25 km
30 minute	38 km
40 minute	60 km

c) How do you find the speed of the car?
d) Is the speed of the car uniform throughout the journey?
Answer:
a) Total distance travelled by the car = 60 km.
b) Time taken = 40 min.
c) To find the speed of the car in the journey we should calculate total distance travelled by the car and the total time taken to cover that distance.
Total distance travelled by the car = 60 km
Time taken = 40 min.
The distance must be either in meters or kilometers and time in seconds or hours. We express the speed either in m/s or in km/h. In this example distance is 60 km and time is 40 min.
1 hour = 60 min

Thus, the car travelled with an average speed of 90 km/h.
d) From the table, we notice that the car has covered unequal distances in equal intervals of time (10 min), which shows the speed of the car is not uniform.

Question 20.
The speed of a bus is 72 km/h, whereas the speed of a car is 12.5 m/s. Which vehicle moves faster?
Answer:
1) The speed of the bus is = 72 km/h
= 72 × \(\frac{5}{18}\) = 20 m/s
2) The speed of the car is = 12.5 m/s
3) As the speed of the bus is more than the speed of the car, the bus moves faster.
Note: To compare two speeds. They must be expressed in the same units. In the above example, speed of a bus is expressed in km/h and the speed of a car in m/s, tp compare these speeds, one of them must be converted to other.
Speed of a bus = 72 km/h = 20 m/s

Question 21.
How can you prove that motion is relative to the observer?
Answer:
Observing motion of the car.
Look at the pictures.

1. Imagine that you sat in the moving car beside the driver.
2. As the car moves, the distance between you and the landmarks like buildings, trees, poles etc., outside the car changes.
3. This change in the scene you view through the window indicates that the car is moving.
4. However your position with respect to the driver of the car remains the same.
5. That is you and the driver of the car are at rest with respect to each other, but both of you are in motion with respect to the surroundings outside the car.
6. A body may be at rest with respect to one set of surroundings and at the same time be in motion with respect to another set of the surroundings.
   Thus motion is relative to the observer.

Question 22.
Observe the following pictures. Read the statement below the first picture and write similar statements about other pictures.
a) 1) The man in the boat is moving in respect to the bank of river.

2) He is at rest with respect to the boat.

b) 1) The girl on the swing is with respect to the to seat of the swing.

A) The girl on the swing is at rest with respect to the seat of the swing.
2) She is with respect to the garden.
A) She is moving with respect to the garden.

c) 1) The girl on the bicycle is in respect to the road.

A) The girl on the bicycle is in motion in respect to the road.
2) She is in respect to the bicycle.
A) She is at rest in respect to the bicycle.

Question 23.
How are the hands of wall clock and the movement of a butterfly in a garden described?
Answer:

1. Imagine the movement of hands in a wall clock and the movement of a butterfly in a garden.
   
2. In these two cases hands of wall clock and the butterfly are in motion.
3. They change their positions with time.

Question 24.
a) What difference do you find in the movement of hands of clock and the body of butterfly?
b) In which case is the change of position with time constant?
Answer:
a)

1. We observe that in case of the wall clock, Change in position of minute hand is same for every minute.
2. How do we know this?
3. Measuring the angle between two positions of the minute hand is the way.

b) 1) But in the case of the butterfly, the change in its position is not constant while it is flying from one flower to another in the garden.

Question 25.
Observe the following tables, showing distances travelled by two different cars for different instances of time.

1) Which car has travelled equal distances in equal intervals of time?
2) Which car has travelled unequal distances in equal intervals of time?
Answer:

1. Obviously we notice that for car – A, the change in position in every 10 seconds is 150 m. But for car – B, the change in position is not constant.
2. For 1st 10 seconds, it is 50 m, for 2nd 10 seconds, it is 40 m, for 3rd 10 seconds it is 90 m, and for 4th 10 seconds it is 50 m.
3. Thus motion of car – A is uniform and motion of car – B is non – uniform.

Question 26.
Define uniform motion and non- uniform motion.
Answer:

1. Uniform motion : If a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to be in uniform motion.
2. Non – uniform motion : If a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to be in non – uniform motion.

Question 27.
Observe the following motions of objects, State whether they are in rotatory motion? Draw a line showing axis of rotation by using pencil.
Answer:

Question 28.
Take a table tennis ball, and keep it on the surface of a table. Push the ball with your finger and observe its motion. Is it in Rotatory motion or in Translatory motion?
Answer:

1. When you push the ball on the surface of a table, it moves from one end to the other end and all the particles of the ball also move along the direction of motion of the ball.
   
2. Hence the balls is in translatory motion.
3. Similarly, each particle of the ball moves in a circular path about a particular line, when the ball rolls on the surface.
4. Therefore it is in rotatory motion.
5. Thus in the above example the ball possesses both translatory and rotatory motions.

Question 29.
Observe following motions of bodies and label them as Rotatory (R), Translatory(T), Translatory and Rotatory (TR).
Answer:

Question 30.
Take a cell phone. Go to ‘setting’ and open ‘stop clock’ option. If you are not able to do this take help from your friend or teacher. Measure the time taken for the events mentioned in the table.

Which event has taken more time to complete? Think! How much time does it take to sing the national anthem?
Answer:
The student is advised to do this activity in the school and fill up the columns.

Question 31.
Write the motion of different parts of a bicycle while it is in motion.
Answer:
a) The wheel: Rotatory and Translatory motion.
b) The cycle chain: Rotatory motion.
c) The pedal with its arm: Rotatory.
d) The movement of feet pedaling Rotatory.
e) The rider along with the bicycle; Translatory.

Question 32.
Identifying Uniform and Non – Uniform motion.
Identify uniform and non uniform motions among the following examples and mark Uniform as (U) and Non-Uniform as (NU).
Answer:
1. Movement of hands of a clock. ( U )
2. A boy cycling in a crowded place. ( NU )
3. Movement of a housefly. ( NU )
4. The fan in an air cooler running at fixed speed. ( U )
5. A train entering into a railway station,. ( NU )
6. Kite in the air ( NU )
7. Rotation of the earth. ( U )

Question 33.
Look at the following pictures.

The bus moved from point ‘A’ to ‘B’ in a certain interval of time.
Think and answer the following questions:
1. Do all the parts of bus (like wheels, head lights, windows etc., move along from point A’ to B’?
2. Is the direction of motion of bus along straight line or curved line?
Answer:

1. Yes all parts of bus (like wheels, head lights, windows … etc.,) move along from point A to B.
2. The direction of motion of bus is along straight line.
3. If all parts of a moving body move in the direction of motion then the motion is said to be translatory motion.

Question 34.
Observe the following table, and state the paths of motion for each case by putting (✓) mark in the relevant column.

Answer:

Question 35.
Identify oscillatory motion among the following and put (✓) mark in the brackets given.
Answer:
A spinning top (- )
Bullet from a gun (-)
Typewriter key (✓)
Motion of a potter’s wheel. (-)
Motion of a vibrating sitar string. (✓)
Motion of a car taking a turn while moving. (-)
Ringing of a bell (✓)
A bouncing belli (✓)

Question 36.
Observe the following pictures and answer the following questions.

1. What similarity do you find in the motions of the above given situations?
2. Are the objects in motion following the same path again and again?
3. Is the direction of motion constant?
4. What type of motion is this?
5. Define oscillatory motion.

Answer:

1. If we critically examine the above mentioned motions, we understand that in each case the objects move backwards and forwards or upward and downward, on the either side of a fixed point or a line.
2. Yes. For example, the girl on a swing moves backwards and forwards, on either side of the rest position of the swing.
3. Similarly in other cases also the body is in ‘to’ and ‘fro’ motion along the same path of motion.
4. This type of motion is called oscillatory motion.
5. Oscillatory motion: (Definition)
   The ‘to’ and ‘fro’ motion of an object about a fixed point always following the same path is called oscillatory motion.

Question 37.
How do you communicate the meaning of the terms ‘faster’ and ‘slower’ with the help of situation showing drawings?
Answer:
We understand that the distance travelled by an object in a given interval of time can help us to decide which one is faster and which one is slower.

1. We use the word time very often in our daily life. Look at the following examples.
2. If we observe the above examples, we use the word ‘time’ for different purposes.
3. In some situations, without using the word ‘time’, we express the duration of time like ‘so late’, so early’ etc.

Question 38.
How do we measure or estimate time? Explain with an example.
Answer:

1. Ravi and Sathish started for school at 8.00 a.m. from their houses which are side by side. Ravi started on a bicycle and Sathish by walk.
   • Who will reach the school first? How much earlier will he be compared to the other?
   • How do you measure ‘early’ or ‘late’ arrival at school?
     
2. You can easily estimate that Ravi reaches the school earlier than Sathish.
3. But to answer the question of how early Ravi reached, we need to measure the times taken by both Ravi and Sathish and find the difference of time between both the cases.
4. For this we need time measuring instruments like watches, clocks etc.
5. Nowadays, we use different instruments like electronic clocks, digital clocks, quartz clocks etc. to measure time.
6. A few decades ago people used pendulum clocks that have now become rare.

Question 39.
What are the different units for measuring time?
Answer:
Like minutes and hours, week, fortnight, month, season, ayanam are also units for measuring time.

Question 40.
How is the measurement of time done?
Answer:

1. Stop Clocks are used to measure time accurately.
2. We have seen stop clocks in the laboratory.
   
3. We use stop clocks in the laboratory to measure short intervals of time like time taken for completion of chemical reaction, time taken by the pendulum for one oscillation etc.
4. Nowadays we find stop clocks almost in all cell phones.
5. In our daily life stop clocks help measure pulse rate etc.
6. Apart from this, they also help us to accurately measure the times in running races, swimming races, etc.

Question 41.
Travel on a motor vehicle with your father to market or any other place and observe the changes in speedometer reading.
Note the exact time when you started from home and observe the speedometer reading carefully and note it and the corresponding time in the table. Some examples are given in the table.

Speedometer Reading	Corresponding Time
(Speed)	(Time)
0	Started at home 9-10 a.m.
20	9.15 a.m.
30	9.20 a.m.

a) Does the speed of the vehicle remain the same throughout the journey?
b) If not, what can you say about the speed of the vehicle during the journey?
Answer:

1. We experience in our everyday life that most of the objects in motion do not have the same speed throughout the journey.
2. To express the speed of the object, we consider its average speed.
   a) The speed of the vehicle is not the same throughout the journey.
   b) If such is the case, we consider its average speed.

Question 42.
We can classify motion based on the path taken by the bodies during motion. What are translatory motion and rotatory motion?
Answer:
Translatory motion: If all parts of a moving body move in the direction of motion, then the motion is said to be translatory motion.
Rotatory motion: Movement of any object about an axis.

Question 43.
i) How many types of motions are there and what are they?
ii) Read the table and identify the motion.
If the motion is Rotatory, put (R), Translatory (T), both Rotation and Translatory (RT), Oscillatory (O).

1. Motion of ceiling fan
2. Motion of needle in the sewing machine
3. Motion of Earth around the sun
4. Drilling bit while drilling a wood plank
5. Motion of wheels in moving cycle
6. Motion of moving top (Bongaram)
7. Motion of the wire in the harp (Veena)
8. Raising the rubber ball from the floor

Answer:
a) There are 3 types of motions.
They are: 1) Translatory motion; 2) Rotatory motion and 3) Oscillatory motion.

b)

1. Motion of ceiling fan	R
2. Motion of needle in the sewing machine	O
3. Motion of Earth around the sun	TR
4. Drilling bit while drilling a wood plank	TR
5. Motion of wheels in moving cycle	TR
6. Motion of moving top (Bongaram)	R
7. Motion of the wire in the harp (Veena)	T
8. Raising the rubber ball from the floor	O

Question 43.
Why do you think the objects like trees, buildings, electric poles, etc. appear to be moving when you are sitting inside a moving bus or train?
Answer:

1. An object may be in the state of movement and at the state of rest at the same time.
2. It happens when the objects compared with different surroundings.

Question 44.
Write the motion of different parts of a bicycle while it is in motion.
i) The wheel
ii) The cycle chain
iii) The pedal with its arm
iv) The movement of the rider along with the bicycle
Answer:
1) The wheel – Rotatory motion
2) The cycle chain – Rotatory and transverse motion
3) The pedal with its arm – Rotatory motion
4) The movement of the rider along with the bicycle – Transverse motion