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AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5C Sindbad, the Sailor Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 5C Sindbad, the Sailor

7th Class English Chapter 5C Sindbad, the Sailor Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who changed the fate of Sindbad? How?
Answer:
The huge mighty birds, the rocs changed Sindbad’s fate as they dropped him in the valley of diamonds and later dropped him in one of their nests where the local merchants were. They helped Sindbad go home safely with the diamonds.

Question 2.
What would you want to become in your life? Would you like to become a sailor? Why/Why not?
Answer:
I would like to become an engineer in my life. I would not like to be a sailor»because the job of a sailor is rather risky.

Question 3.
How would you have handled the encounter with a roc?
Answer:
I would have not lost my courage when I faced a roc. I would have used my brain sharply and do what Sindbad had done as it would be the only possible thing to get on to a safer place.

Question 4.
What factors would you change to make the story more adventurous and thrilling?
Answer:
Unlike what was said in the story that Sindbad was dropped into a nest by a roc, and helped by the local merchants, the roc should have dropped him onto the land where wild and uncultured humans inhabited. Then how Sindbad would tackle with them and reach home would be more adventurous and thrilling.

Question 5.
Describe Sindbad’s preparations for his journey.
Answer:
To make his journey peaceful and comfortable, Sindbad bought a substantial stock of goods to trade and packed some food and got water-stored cans. He kept all these in the ship and sailed with a large number of his merchant friends.

What is a palindrome?
Answer:
A palindrome is a word (or a number), phrase or sentence which reads the same backwards or forwards. Look at the following examples and try to discover some more palindromes.
WORDS: madam, bib, level, Malayalam
PHRASES: dog’s god, lion oil, too hot to hoot
SENTENCES: Madam, I’m Adam; Was it a cat I saw? Rise to vote, Sir.

Sindbad, the Sailor Summary in English

Sindbad was sailing along with many other merchants on a ship with his stock of goods to trade. Soon they reached an island. All his friends went to gather fruits and flowers there. But Sindbad went to a shady place and there he had his meal. Later he slept under the trees. When he woke up, he found that the ship had gone and he was alone there. Then he went to something which appeared like a huge white ball. It was so high and so smooth that he could not climb to the top of it. Later he saw a great, huge and wonderful bird called ‘roc’ coming towards the ball- like object. Then he realized that it was the egg of the ‘roc’ and the bird was coming for it. When the bird came there, he quickly tied himself with his turban to one of the legs of the huge bird. Then the bird flew away, carrying Sindbad. It landed on the ground among huge and great mountains. At once Sindbad untied the turban. The bird caught up a snake and flew away.

Sindbad could not know what to do. The sides of the valley looked so steep that there was no possibility of climbing them. Sindbad looked around the valley. He found large diamonds lying on the ground. All around the valley, there were huge snakes which could eat even an elephant. At nightfall, they came out of their holes. During the day, the snakes hid themselves from the huge mighty birds, the rocs.

Sindbad found a small cave and decided to spend the night in it. He put a large stone at the entrance of the cave so as to prevent the snakes from entering it. But he could not sleep well because of the hissing sound outside the cave. As day light came on, all the snakes went into their holes. Sindbad came out of the cave. He walked upon the diamonds. He ate food and slept for a while. Suddenly Sindbad woke up as a huge piece of meat had fallen near him. Some more pieces of meat fell down. He remembered how the local merchants would use huge eagles (rocs) to carry up the diamonds for them, and how they would throw huge pieces of meat into the valley as food for them, etc.

At once, Sindbad collected a large number of diamonds. He put them in his wallet and tied it to his waist. Next he tied one large piece of meat to the middle of his back with his turban. He lay down with his face to the ground. Then a huge roc flew down and picked up the piece of meat along with Sindbad and flew away to the top of the rocky walls of the valley. He was dropped into a nest. There were already some local merchants in that nest. They heard the story of Sindbad. So they helped him to find a ship to go home. Thus Sindbad got back to Baghdad. He became very rich. He gave money to the poor and lived peacefully in his home.

Sindbad, the Sailor Glossary

sailor (n): a person who works on a ship as a member

crept (v): moved slowly, quietly and carefully

day break: dawn or the time of sun rising

immense (adj): very large or huge

steep (adj): a slope on which rising/falling ¡s quick

frightened (v): made somebody suddenly feel afraid

serpents (n): snakes

suppose (v): guess/think/imagine

hissing (n): sound produced by the snakes

huge (adj): very large/big

believed (v): thought something to be true

merchants (n): people doing some trade

consider (u): think about something carefully

wallet (n): a small flat folding casa of leather/plastic used for keeping paper/money in

wealthy (adj): rich

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5B My Trip to the Moon Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 5B My Trip to the Moon

7th Class English Chapter 5B My Trip to the Moon Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Do you think the: child really went to the moon?
Answer:
No, I don’t think so. It’s only the imagination of the child.

Question 2.
What was the child’s feeling about his trip to the moon?
Answer:
The child felt very happy, and amused. It was a lot of fun to the child.

Question 3.
Why couldn’t the astronaut and the. child walk on the moon?
Answer:
The astronaut and the child could not walk on the moon because the gravitational force of the moon is much less than that of the earth. A person becomes lighter in terms of weight, on the moon.

Question 4.
How would you feel if you were in the child’s place?
Answer:
If I were in the child’s place, I would feel even more amused and very happy.

Question 5.
If you were given a chance, which planet would you visit?
Answer:
If I were given a chance, I would visit the planet Mars, as there are guessings of the presence of water on that planet.

Question 6.
Can you guess the secret that dwells inside the child’s mind?
Answer:
I think the secret that dwells inside the child’s mind is the unexpected happiness in the mind of the child because of the dream he had about his trip to the moon.

Project

Take a few important tourist places in your district / state, collect a few pictures and paste them on a big chart with a small write up under each picture. Display this in your classroom. The write up should include the following.

• The name of the place
• Its importance
• Salient features of the place

1. THE TAJ MAHAL: The Taj Mahal looms fairytale-like from the banks of the Yamuna River. It’s actually a tomb that contains the body of Mumtaz Mahal – the wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. He had it built as an ode to his love for her. Dating back to 1630 AD, the Taj Mahal is made out of marble and took 22 years and 20,000 workers to complete. One of the most captivating things about it is the way its colour appears to gradually alter in the changing light of the day.

2. HAMPI: Now a relegated village, Hampi was once the last capital of Vijayanagar, one of the greatest Hindu empires in India’s history. It has some extremely captivating ruins, intriguingly intermingled with large boulders that rear up all over the landscape. The ruins, which date back to the 14th century, stretch for just over 25 kilometers (10 miles) and comprise more than 500 monuments.

3. AJANTA AND ELLORA CAVES:
Astonishingly carved into hillside rock in the middle of nowhere are the Ajanta and Ellora caves. There are 34 caves at Ellora dating from between the 6th and 11th centuries AD, and 29 caves at Ajanta dating back to between the 2nd century BC and 6th century AD. While the Ajanta caves are rich in paintings and sculpture, the Ellora caves are renowned for their extraordinary architecture. The most incredible thing about these caves is that they were crafted by hand, with only a hammer and chisel.

4. FATEHPUR SIKRI: A city that was once the proud capital of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, Fatehpur Sikri
now stands deserted as a well preserved ghost town. It was abandoned by its occupants after only 15 years due to insufficient water supply. Constructed out of red sandstone, Fatehphur Sikri is full of regal palaces and courtyards.

My Trip to the Moon Summary in English

The poem was an imagination by the poet of his trip to the moon. The writer was a student appearing for his exams. He had already taken exams in four subjects. Now he is to study for and write the science examination, going to be held the very next day.

The writer was sitting alone in his house. He was studying the structure of a mouse. Suddenly the lights went out. Then he heard a loud burst. He thought that someone was there outside. So he went out, full of fright. There he saw a big rocket. An astronaut was there inside the rocket. He invited the writer on a flight to the moon. The writer readily agreed. He went in and sat by his side.

The writer along with the astronaut reached the moon by afternoon. But they could not walk on the ground of the moon as the gravitational force of the moon is much less than that of the moon. So they jumped around. It was a lot of fun to the writer. The writer along with the astronaut started their return journey.

The writer reached home before the setting sun. To his surprise and also to the surprise of his parents, the writer fared his science test very well. But no one knew the secret as to how his science test had gone very well. The secret still dwelled inside the writer.

My Trip to the Moon Glossary

structure (n): a particular arrangement of the parts

a loud burst: a huge/big sound

full of fright: full of fear caused by something

huge (adj): very big/large

astronaut (n): a person whose job involves travelling and working in a spacecraft.

fun (n): enjoyment/pleasure

dwells (v): lives

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 5 Materials: Separating Methods

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods

Question 1.
Name any five objects which are made up of only one material.
Answer:
The following objects are made up of only iron.

1. Iron pan
2. Iron lock
3. Iron key
4. Iron trunk
5. Iron cot
6. Iron crow bar
7. Bodkin (Iron)
8. Blowpipe (Iron).

Question 2.
Name any five objects which are made up of more than two materials.
Answer:

1. Pen (Plastic + Metal)
2. Cycle (Steel + Iron + Rubber)
3. Scissors (Steel + Plastic top)
4. Mirror (Glass + Metal frame)
5. Axe (Iron + Wooden handle)
6. Table (Wood + Steel)

Question 3.
With what material is your pen made?
Answer:
My pen is made of plastic, whereas its clip is made of iron.

Question 4.
How do we decide which material should be used for making an object?
Answer:
Depending upon the use and purpose they serve, we decide which material should be used for making an object.

Question 5.
What are soluble substances?
Answer:
Substances which dissolve in water are said to be soluble substances.

Question 6.
Select those objects from the following which are made up of plastic.
Table, mug, utensils, chair, iron gate, wood, cotton shirt, plastic toy, pen, computer
Answer:
Table, mug, utensils, chair, plastic toy, pen, computer.

Question 7.
Write two substances that are made from leather.
Answer:

1. Belt and
2. shoes.

Question 8.
List out any 5 items that float on water.
Answer:
List of 5 items that float on water:

1. Paper
2. Wood
3. Wax
4. Ice
5. Oil

Question 9. (You might come across some situations where you have to separate some components from a mixture. Write down two examples of such situations.
1. …………………………
2. …………………………
Ex: 1) Rice and small stones. 2) Muddy water.
What do you do to separate the components?
Answer:

1. Rice and small stones are separated by handpicking.
2. Muddy water is filtered with filter paper.

Question 10.
How are stones separated from pulses and rice?
Answer:
Stones are separated by handpicking from rice and pulses.

Question 11.
Give some examples of the handpicking method of separation.
Answer:
Examples for handpicking method of separation:

1. Rotten fruits are removed from fresh fruits.
2. Separating oranges and apples.

Question 12.
When can winnowing be used?
Answer:
Winnowing can be used to separate lighter and heavier components of a mixture. Eg: To
separate husk from grain with the help of air.

Question 13.
Where do we use the chromatography method?
Answer:
We use chromatography to separate colours or pigments from their mixtures.
Ex: 1. To separate colours from ink.
2. To separate colouring pigments from the leaf extract, etc.

Question 14.
Identify the mixtures among the following:
Jangree, coffee, sand, haldi, red chilli.
Answer:
Mixtures:

1. Jangree
2. Coffee
3. Sand with impurities
4. Haldi with impurities.

Question 15.
Can you filter mud water with filter paper?
Answer:
Yes, we can filter the mud water with filter paper.

Question 16.
Is the water clean after the mud water is sieved with filter paper?
Answer:
The mud water filtered after using the filter paper is clean.

Question 17.
Are you able to separate the salt from the saltwater with filter paper?
Answer:
We cannot separate the salt from the saltwater with filter paper.

Question 18.
A solid substance is dissolved in water which method is used for separating it?
Answer:
Filtration.

Question 19.
20. Name the process by which water is separated from rice and pulses after washing them.
Answer:
Sedimentation.

Question 20.
Which process is used to separate a mixture of camphor and salt?
Answer:
Sublimation is the process that is used to separate the mixture of camphor and salt.

Question 21.
How do farmers use sieving?
Answer:
Farmers separate grains which are bigger in size from the smaller ones by sieving. The bigger grains are then used as seeds or sold at a higher price.

Question 22.
What is filter paper? How is it useful?
Answer:
Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes. We can filter very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 23.
What is sublimation?
Answer:
The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called sublimation.

Question 24.
What is Chromatography?
Answer:
The process of separating colours from a mixture of colours is called chromatography.

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give a list of objects which would be broken and which might not be broken when they fall on the floor.
Answer:

Objects	Examples
Would be broken	glass cups, earthenware pots, ceramic utensils … etc.
Might not be broken	stainless steel plates, wooden items, iron pans … etc.

Question 2.
How do you sort materials as solids, liquids and gases? Write your answer with an example.
Answer:
1) We sort materials as solids, liquids and gases based on their state at normal temperature.

Question 3.
Can you think of any material other than ice that goes from solid to liquid, liquid to gas (vapour)?
Answer:

1. Many materials change their state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas.
2. Ghee at slightly low temperature will be in solid state.
3. If it is heated it comes to liquid state and on further heating it becomes vapour.

Another example:

1. At room temperature candle wax will be in solid state (candle).
2. When it is lighted it starts burning and liquid wax is seen at the wick of the candle.
3. The white smoke on the top of the wick is wax vapour.

Question 4.
What are the properties of solids and liquids?
Answer:

1. The materials which do not change shape are solids.
   Example: Wood, rock, brick, plastic objects, vegetables … etc.
2. The materials which change shape are liquids.
   Example: Water, rasam, milk, kerosene, oil… etc.

Question 5.
Explain the terms ‘soluble’ and ’insoluble’ with reference to water.
Answer:

1. Substances that get dissolved in water are called soluble substances.
2. Substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble substances.

Question 6.
Can you make a cricket ball, with mud or glass?
Answer:

1. We cannot make a cricket baH with mud or glass.
2. If that ball is struck with the bat it breaks into pieces.
3. This ball cannot withstand hard strokes.

Question 7.
Can you make a chair with glass or mud? If not why?
Answer:

1. No. We cannot make a chair with glass or mud.
2. Both are brittle materials and can be broken easily.

Question 8.
Give two examples for soluble and insoluble substances in water
Answer:

1. Soluble substances in water: 1) Sugar 2) Salt
2. Insoluble substances in water: 1) Wood 2) Sand

Question 9.
Create table of objects different types that are made from the same material.
Answer:

S.No.	Materials	Objects made of these materials
1.	Iron	Table, doors, mesh
2.	Wood	Cart, plough, doors
3.	Leather	Shoes, belt
4.	Cotton	Bed, pillow, dress
5.	Plastics	Chairs, buckets

Question 10.
Kiran observed his father separating husk and grains by winnowing method in the field and appreciated how wind flow helped in separation. On evaporation, salt is formed from seawater. Isn’t it? How would you appreciate this process?
Answer:

1. The flowing wind carries the lighter husk with it and the heavy grains fall vertically downwards.
2. This winnowing is done with the help of flowing wind which is nature’s gift.
3. Similarly, the evaporation of seawater leaves salt for us. This is done with the help of sunlight. This is also nature’s gift.

Question 11.
When farmers thresh their crops, they get a mixture of husk and grain. How do the farmers separate the husk from the grains?
Answer:

1. On a windy day, a farmer stands on a high platform and allows the mixture of grain and husk to drop slowly from the flat Pan.
   
2. The wind carries the husk forward and the grips fall vertically downward.
3. A separate heap of grain is formed.

Question 12.
How will you separate the tea leaves from tea? Which property helped in the separation of tea leaves from tea?
Answer:

1. Tea leaves are separated from tea using a strainer.
2. The size of the tea leaves is more when compared to the size of the holes in the Strainer.
   This property helped in the separation of tea leaves from the tea.

Question 13.
Laxmi says that sedimentation and decantation are used at home while cleaning rice and pulses for cooking. Describe the sediments in this process.
Answer:

1. While cleaning rice we wash rice with water. Rice settles down in the water as sediments and the lighter impurities float. This is called sedimentation.
2. The water gets separated from the sediment (rice). This process is called decantation.
3. The same process takes place while washing pulses.

Question 14.
We use sieves to separate tea leaves from tea and sand from gravel. What are the differences between the sieves used in the two instances?
Answer:

1. The holes of the sieve to separate tea leaves from tea are small.
2. The holes of the sieve to separate sand from gravel, are relatively large.

Question 15.
With what liquid do doctors mix injection powder before administering injections to patients?
Answer:

1. Before administering injections to patients, doctors mix injection powder with some liquid.
2. This liquid is water and it is known as distilled water.

Question 16.
What is a mixture? Give examples.
Answer:

1. Mixtures contain more than one substance.
2. A combination of more than one substance forms a mixture.
3. Some mixtures are natural like soil.
4. Some mixtures are man-made like laddu, lemon juice etc.

Question 17.
What is a filter paper made of? For what purpose is it useful?
Answer:

1. Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes.
2. We can filter very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 18.
Can you separate mad from muddy water using a sieve?
Answer:

1. Yes. We can separate mud from muddy water using a sieve.
2. Mud water can be filtered with filter paper. The pores of the sieve (filter paper) are very small.

Question 19.
After using the Filter paper to filter water what do you find? What do you see left behind on the paper? What is obtained in the beaker?
Answer:

1. After using the filter paper to filter mud water. 1 find pure water free from mud in the filtrate.
2. Mud is left behind on the paper.
3. Pure water is obtained in the beaker.

Question 20.
How is salt manufactured?
Answer:

1. Water is generally evaporated in sunlight.
   
2. We use this property while extracting salt from seawater.
3. Seawater is captured in wide pans and is exposed to air and sunlight.
4. Then water evaporates and the salt is left behind in the pans.

Question 21.

1. Identify the part labelled X’.
2. Write a short note about it.

Answer:

1. The name of the part ’X’ is filter paper.
2. Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes.
3. Very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 22.
Distinguish between the separation methods of winnowing and sieving.
Answer:

Winnowing	Sieving
1. If mixtures have light and heavy substances winnowing can be used for separation.	1. Sieving can be used for separating longer and smaller substances in a mixture.
2. Ex: Husk from grains.	2. Ex: Sand from gravel.

Question 23.
What is meant by solvent? Why water is called a universal solvent?
Answer:

1. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves other substances in it.
2. Water can dissolve more substances than any other solvents. So it is called Universal Solvent.

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write at least two properties of solids, liquids and gases.
Answer:
A) Solids:

1. Solids have a definite shape.
2. Solids are incompressible.
3. Solids do not flow.

B) Liquids:

1. Liquids occupy the shape of the container.
2. Liquids are incompressible.
3. Liquids can flow.

C) Gases:

1. Gases have no fixed shape.
2. Gases can be compressible.
3. Gases flow and diffuse.

Question 2.
What is the sweet dilemma? How do you support the argument of the student Razia?
Answer:

1. Sugar takes the shape of the container. So one group of students concluded that sugar is a liquid.
2. Razia, a student, took a single crystal of sugar and one drop of water and declared that sugar is solid while water is a liquid.
3. As sugar crystals are very small they assumed the shape of the container. Razia argued that sugar crystal has a definite shape and can be held independently.
4. She showed that a drop of water has no definite shape and is not possible to hold it independently as is done with the sugar crystal.
5. This sweet dilemma is thus solved.

Question 3.
Observe the diagram and answer the following.

1. What is the aim of the experiment?
2. Write two gaseous substances.
3. Did the candle not catch fire from a distance?
4. Does the white smoke represent candle wax in the state of gas?

Answer:

1. Aim: Lighting a candle without touching its wick.
2. a) Oxygen, b) carbon dioxide
3. Yes. It catches fire, as there is vapour around the wick.
4. Yes, the smoke is the gas of wax.

Question 4.
Srikar accidentally mixed mustard seeds with rice and salt. How can he separate them?
Answer:

1. First, this mixture should be sieved through the sieve of small holes.
2. Then rice will remain in the sieve and mustered seeds along with salt will come down.
3. Now take the mixture of mustard seeds and salt in a vessel and add water to it.
4. Let the salt dissolve in the water.
5. Filter it into another vessel using a cloth or filter paper.
6. Mustered seeds will remain on the cloth/ filter paper and saltwater goes down into the vessel.
7. Heat the saltwater till the water completely get evaporate living behind the salt crystals in the vessel.
8. Thus by using three methods- sieving, filtration and crystallization, he can separate
   mustered seeds, rice and salt from their mixture.

Question 5.
Divya suggested some methods to separate mixtures given below. Are they correct? Find whether they are possible or not. Give reasons.
a) Pure water can be obtained from seawater by the process of filtration.
b) Cheese is removed from curdled milk by the process of decantation.
c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done by filtration.
Answer:
a) 1) No. Filteration is used to remove the insoluble substances only. But salt is soluble in water.
2) So, filtration is not used to obtain pure water from seawater.
b) 1) Yes. The decantation method is used to .separate an insoluble substance (cheese) in liquid (milk).
2) So, it can be removed from curdled milk.
c) 1) No. Filtration is used to remove the insoluble substances only. But sugar is soluble in tea it cannot be removed by filtration.

Question 6.
Collect information from your parents regarding various methods used by us to clean food grains at home and prepare a chart to show them.
Answer:
Methods used to clean food grains at home:

1. Handpicking: This method is used for separating small particles of dirt, stone, husk etc., from the grains of wheaL rice, pulses …. etc.
2. Sieving:
   a) Sieving is used when two components of a mixture have different particle size.
   b) Sieving allows the fine particles to pass through the holes of the sieve, while the bigger-particlesTepnain on the sieve. Eg: Sieving of wheat flour.
3. Threshing: The process that is used to separate the grain from stalks is called threshing.

Question 7.
How do you separate mud and sand from muddy water? What is sedimentation and decantation?
Answer:

1. Take a mixture of soil and. water in a glass tumbler and keep it undisturbed for some time.
2. We will find that the sand and the mud particles in the soil settle down at the bottom of the glass tumbler.
   
3. These are called sediments. This process of separation of mud and sand is called sedimentation.
4. After sedimentation, the tumbler is gently lifted.
5. The tip of the tumbler is inclined on the edge of another tumbler without disturbing the sediments. The water gets separated from the sediment (mud).
6. This process is called decantation.

Question 8.
Draw different objects made up of wood which we use in our daily life.
Answer:

Question 9.
Identify the parts labelled ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’ and ‘E’ in the following figure.

1. Name of the part A: ……………………..
2. Name of the part B: ……………………..
3. Name of the part C: ……………………..
4. Name of the part D: ……………………..
5. Name of the part E: ……………………..
Answer:
A: Cotton,
B: Funnel,
C: China dish,
D: Burner,
E: Stand

 

 

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 4

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 4

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following passage.
Tenali Raman was a poet and jester in the court of King Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagar. He was famous for his wit and intelligence. This interesting play provides an example of his wit.
Now answer the following questions.
a) What was Tenali Raman?
b) Which kingdom did King Krishnadevaraya rule?
c) What do you call a person who amuses people?
d) Two qualities of Tenali Raman were mentioned in the passage. What are they?
e) What are the people in the court called?
Answer:
a) Tenali Raman was a poet and jester.
b) Krishnadevaraya ruled Vijayanagara kingdom.
c) Jester
d) He was famous for his wit and intelligence.
e) Courtiers

2. Read the following passage.
One day, Raja Krishnadevaraya and his courtiers watch as an artist shows his paintings to the king. The king and most of his courtiers are impressed with the paintings. However, one of the courtiers, Tenali Raman, looks displeased.
Now answer the following questions.
a) Why did the artist come to Krishnadevaraya’s court?
b) What was the reaction of Raja and courtiers when they saw the paintings?
c) Why were the king and the courtiers impressed with the artist?
d) Who was Tenali Raman?
e) How did Tenali Raman react after looking at the paintings?
Answer:
a) To show his paintings.
b) The Raja and the courtiers were pleased to see the paintings.
c) Because they were beautiful.
d) Tenali Raman was the poet and jester in Krishnadevaraya’s court.
e) Tenali Raman was displeased with the paintings.

3. Read the following passage.
That is really a beautiful painting. I can almost feel the peace of the village scene. You are a very talented artist. Here is a bag of gold for you. We shall be very pleased if you can stay on at our court and make more beautiful paintings like these.
Now answer the following questions
a) Who liked the painting?
b) What is the speciality mentioned in the painting?
c) What did the king offer the artist?
d) What was the request of Raja to the artist?
e) Who really did not like the painting in the king’s court?
Answer:
a) The king and the courtiers
b) The painting was a village scene with peaceful atmosphere.
c) The king offered a bag of gold to the artist.
d) The Raja requested the artist to stay, at their court and make more beautiful paintings.
e) Tenali Raman

4. Read the following passage.
For one thing, where is the other side of these two men? You can only see their one side. For another, where is the face of that cow?
What an ignorant fool you are! Everything cannot be painted. You must imagine the bits that are missing.
I bet I can paint better than that. Well, I could if I had the paints.
Now answer the following questions.
a) “Where is the other side…” Who said these words and to whom?
b) Who was called ‘an ignorant fool’?
c) Where did this incident take place?
d) What must be imagined, according to the speaker?
e) What did Tenali Raman bet?
Answer:
a) Tenali Raman said these words to the Raja and the artist.
b) Tenali Raman
c) In Krishnadevaraya’s court
d) The other side of the picture
e) Tenali Raman made a bet to make more beautiful painting than that of the artist.

5. Read the following passage.
Good afternoon, Sir. See what a beautiful horse I have drawn. It’s a magnificent black stallion with a white star on its forehead. Look at the polished leather saddle on it. Hmm, I wonder if I should have the reins trail like that.
Now answer the following questions.
a) Who has drawn a horse?
b) Who does ‘Sir’ refer to?
c) What does the word ‘stallion’ mean?
d) What is there on the horse?
e) Did Tenali Raman paint the complete picture of the horse?
Answer:
a) Tenali Raman
b) Krishnadevaraya
c) A male horse
d) A white spot on the forehead
e) No

6. Read the following text.
Raja: What’s this? I cannot see a horse! This is very insulting. You’re trying to make a fool’of me. There’s nothing on this canvas.
Tenali: Well, you were the one who told me that we had to use our imagination when we looked at paintings. Imagine that the rest of the horse is just outside the canvas grazing at some lush green grass. Look, you can see the edge of its tail in that corner.
Now, answer the following questions.
a) ‘You’re trying to …….’ – Who does ‘you’ refer to?
b) What should be used by us when we look at paintings according to the Raja?
c) What was the horse doing according to Tenali Raman?
d) Where did Tenali Raman paint the picture?
e) Can anybody really see a horse in the painting of Tenali Raman?
Answer:
a) You’ here refers to Tenali Raman.
b) Our imagination
c) The horse was grazing at some lush green grass.
d) On the canvas
e) No. Nobody can see a horse in the painting of Tenali Raman.

B. Reading

1. Read the following stanza.

While you were out
a cup went and broke itself,
a crack appeared in the blue vase
your great-great granddad
brought back from China.
Somehow, without me even turning on the tap
the sink mysteriously overflowed.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Who does ‘you’ refer to?
b) What happened to the cup?
c) Who brought the blue vase?
d) Where was it brought back from?
e) Who do you think did all’those mysterious things?
Answer:
a) Mother of the boy
b) The cup broke.
c) The child’s great-great granddad
d) It was brought back from China.
e) I think the boy himself did all those mysterious things.

Additional Questions:
a) Who is the speaker?
b) What happened to the things at home?
c) How old could be the poet?
d) How did the poet support himself?
Answer:
a) The little boy
b) The things at home were all disordered and at a mess.
c) The poet could be 8 to 10 years old.
d) The poet supported himself that he was not at home when the mess happened.

2. Read the following stanza.

A strange jam stain
about the size of a boy’s hand
appeared on the kitchen wall.
I don’t think we’ll ever discover,
exactly how the cat.
managed to turn on the washing machine
(especially from the inside)
or how the self-raising flour
managed to self-raise.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Why was the jam stain in the size of a boy’s hand?
b) What mess did the cat do?
c) How do you think the flour raised?
d) What spoiled the kitchen wall?
e) Who does T refer to here?
Answer:
a) Because the boy Spilt the jam.
b) The cat turned on the washing machine.
c) When the boy tried to open the flour can, it tumbled and raised in the air.
d) The kitchen wall was stained with jam.
e) T refers to the boy.

3. Read the following stanza.

I can tell you I was scared when,
as if by magic,
a series of muddy footprints
appeared on the new white carpet.
I was being good (honest)
but I think the house is haunted
So, knowing you’re going to have a fit.
I’ve gone over to gran’s for a bit.

Now answer the following questions.
a) What was the magic the poet refers to?
b) Whose muddy footprints could they be?
c) What impression did the poet create about the house?
d) Why do you think mom is going to be in fit?
e) When did the poet escape?
Answer:
a) The white carpet turns dirty with muddy footprints.
b) The boy’s muddy footprints
c) The poet said the house has been haunted.
d) Because mom has to reset the house and bring it to the original condition.
e) The poet escaped when he knew his mom arrived.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.
Many years ago there was an Emperor who was so fond of new clothes that he spent all his money on them. One day, two men came to the Emperor’s court. “We’re weavers,” they said. ‘We can make the most beautiful cloth in the world.” The Emperor was very happy.
“Our cloth is also very special,” said the men. “Only wise men can see it, fools cannot.
“That’s very good,” thought the Emperor. “When I wear.the clothes made with it, I will know who is wise and who is foolish.”
The Emperor gave the men a lot of money. “Start weaving at once,” he told them.
They set up two looms, and pretended to be very busy, though they had nothing at all on the looms. They asked for the finest silk and the purest gold thread. They put these in their own bags, and they worked at the empty looms until late at night.

Now, answer the following questions.
a) What did the king like to do?
b) Why was the king happy?
c) What is the speciality of the clothes?
d) How will the clothes help the king?
e) What did the weavers do with the silk and gold thread?
Answer:
a) The king liked to wear new clothes.
b) because the weavers said that they could make the most beautiful cloth in the world.
c) Only wise men could see those clothes.
d) to find out who was wise and who was foolish
e) They hid them in their bags.

Additional Questions:
a) What did the Emperor deeply like?
b) Who visited the Emperor?
c) What were the weavers good at?
d) What is the special feature of the weavers’ cloth?
e) Why did the Emperor wish to wear the clothes made by the weavers?
Answer:
a) The Emperor deeply liked new clothes that he spent all his money on them.
b) Two weavers met the Emperor.
c) The weavers were good at making the most beautiful cloth in the world.
d) Only wise men can see the weavers’ cloth.
e) Because the Emperor was fond of new clothes and they were the best clothes.

2. Read the following passage.

“I should like to know how those weavers are getting on with my cloth,” thought the Emperor. “Only wise men can see the cloth. I’ll send my old minister, who is the wisest man in the court.” So the good old minister went into the room in which the men were working at the empty looms. “What can be the meaning of.this?” thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. “I cannot see anything on the looms!”:

Now answer the following questions.
a) What was the Emperor curious about?
b) Who, according to the king, was the wisest man in the court?
c) What were the weavers doing?
d) Why was the old man surprised?
e) What do you think the old minister was?
Answer:
a) The Emperor was curious to know-how the weavers are getting on with the cloth.
b) The old minister
c) The weavers were acting as if they were making cloth.
d) The old man was surprised to see the empty looms.
e) The old minister was a wise man.

3. Read the following passage.
Now the Emperor thought he would like to see the cloth. So he called his officers and went with them to the weavers’ room. “Isn’t the cloth beautiful!” said the old minister, pointing to the empty looms. “How.is this?” said the Emperor to himself. “I can see nothing at all. Am I a fool?” “Oh, it’s beautiful!” said the Emperor aloud.
All the officers looked keenly. They saw nothing on the looms. But they all said, “It’s very beautiful!” “For the great procession next week,” said the old minister, “kindly wear robes made.of this cloth,” The Emperor agreed.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Why did the Emperor go to the weavers’ room?
b) Who found the cloth beautiful?
c) What did the old minister propose to the king?
d) Why did the Emperor feel confused?
e) What did the Emperor, old minister and the courtiers pretend?
Answer:
a) The Emperor went to the weavers room to see the cloth.
b) The old minister, the officers and other courtiers formed the cloth beautiful.
c) The old minister proposed the king to wear the new clothes for the procession.
d) The Emperor was confused if he was wise or foolish.
e) The Emperor, the old minister and the courtiers pretended as if they could see the cloth.

4. Read the following passage.
“Will Your Majesty take off your clothes?” said the men. “Then you can put on your new clothes.” The Emperor took off all his clothes. The men made a show of putting new clothes on him. The Emperor stood in front of a mirror and turned round and round. “How well his Majesty looks in his new clothes!” cried all his officers.
Then the Emperor walked along in the procession. People in the streets cried, “How beautiful the Emperor’s new clothes are!” “But he’s got nothing on at all!” said a little child. And one person said to the other, “He has nothing on at all. He has nothing on.” “He has nothing on!” cried all the people. The Emperor felt unhappy. He knew that the people were right; he had nothing on. But the procession had to go on.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Whose clothes were sewn by the weavers?
b) How was the Emperor cheated by the weavers?
c) Where did the Emperor go with his new clothes?
d) Who dared to say the truth to the Emperor?
e) Why was the Emperor unhappy?
Answer:
a) The Emperor’s cloth
b) The weavers said that only wise people could see their cloth and acted as if they were, making the cloth.
c) The Emperor went on a procession.
d) A little child
e) The Emperor felt unhappy for having no clothes on his body.

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.
Respect is a very important part of life. If a person is respected, it makes him feel good and in return, he or she respects you. Respect is important to me because if a person didn’t respect anyone, he himself would not be admired^ and overtime, he would grow up to be a very rude and inconsiderate person. Rudeness and kindness are also two very big components of respect. If you are rude to people or a person, you are disrespectful. If you are purposely mean or nasty to people, you are disrespectful. Teachers feel good when they are respected and tend to be less grumpy and nicer during the day. Bosses like respectfulness because they’know you will be a good member of their company by helping others and working with others.
Now answer the following questions.
a) How does a person feel when he is respected?
Answer:
It makes the person feel good.

b) What has to be faced by a disrespectful person?
Answer:
A disrespectful person should face the grumpiness of his teacher or irritation of their bosses.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) The antonym of kindness is ………. ( )
i) respect
ii) disrespect
iii) rudeness
iv) obedience
Answer:
iii) rudeness

d) A disrespectful man acts in a ………. way. ( )
i) nasty
ii) admirable
iii) good
iv) pleasing
Answer:
i) nasty

e) What happens if you respect teachers? ( )
i) They bless you
ii) They hate you
iii) They respect you
iv) They will be less irritated and also feel nice.
Answer:
iv) They will be less irritated and also feel nice.

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Nationalism is a concept that involves a feeling of extremely strong attachment towards one’s own country.
Due to one or more than one object factors like race, religion, language, literature, culture, etc. there grows in a people a strong feeling of like mindedness which endows them with the quality of nationality.
This feeling of oneness prompts every member of the group to feel themselves as equal partners in the pleasure and regret, justice and injustice, pride and humiliation of the entire people. Nationalism is a great democratic ideal which continues to live as the strongest force and continues to inspire struggle for national liberation in different parts of the globe.
However Nationality is an all-round development of human civilisation. It builds healthy culture and progresses to the world’s peaceful environment.

Now answer the following questions.
a) What is Nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is a feeling of extremely strong attachment towards one’s own country.

b) When do people of a nation develop like mindedness?
Answer:
Due to factors like some race, religion, language, literature or culture.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Which quality in people makes them feel as one in pleasure or regret? ( )
i) thoughtfulness
ii) nationalism
iii) sorrow
iv) extreme happiness
Answer:
ii) nationalism

d) Nationalism continues to inspire ( )
i) strong men
ii) struggle for national liberation
iii) people retain from peace
iv) injustice
Answer:
ii) struggle for national liberation

e) How does civilisation tend to build a healthy culture? ( )
i) nationalism
ii) foreign culture
iii) by riots and revolts
iv) giving up hope on one’s own nation
Answer:
i) nationalism

3. Read the following passage carefully.

When you read a book, its feels great to put yourself into the world the writer has created for you. The habit of reading good content daily will act as an exercise for your mind and keep you mentally fit and flexible. Reading a book is not like that you read a book in English, that is in any language which you feel comfortable. If you have never given it a try then always remember that it’s never too late to start a good habit.
Books are many types. Some inspire you ; some books are given a moral of life, some books are turning point of some person’s life and it will improve our language, vocabulary also. Sometimes books bring tears or laughter also. The first book of life of every person is the mother. Books like the Gita, the Mahabharata, the Quran, the Bible, inspire us and teach the best lessons of our life. Some books enlighten us with the great works, struggles and achievements of great people in the society. If you want to select a best friend in life, then it’s time to select books as your best friends because books give good company in our good or bad times.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Where do you go as you read a book?
Answer:
We go into a world created for us.

b) Why should we read books?
Answer:
It is an exercise for mind and keeps mentally fit and flexible.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Books are useful for students ( )
i) to learn
ii) to improve vocabulary and language
iii) to be away from friends
iv) to avoid, textbooks
Answer:
ii) to improve vocabulary and language

d) The first book for any person is ( )
i) Ramayana
ii) Bible
iii) Quran
iv) Mother
Answer:
iv) Mother

e) What can compensate or replace the best friend? ( )
i) Mother
ii) Father
iii) A good book
iv) Examinations
Answer:
iii) A good book

4. Read the following passage carefully.
A man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. As he got out of his car he noticed a young girl sitting on the curb sobbing. He asked her what was wrong and she replied, ‘I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.
The man smiled and said, “Come with me. I’ll buy you a rose.” He bought the little girl her rose and ordered his own mother’s flowers. As they were leaning he offered the girl a ride home. She said, ‘Yes please! You can take me to my mother.” She directed him to a cemetery, where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Where was the man travelling?
Answer:
The man was travelling to visit his mother.

b) Why was the girl sobbing?
Answer:
Because she had no money to buy a rose for her mother.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) How much was the cost of the rose? ( )
i) a dollar
ii) 75 cents
iii) 2 dollars
iv) 2 dollars 75 cents
Answer:
iii) 2 dollars

d) Where did the girl take the man? ( )
i) to her house
ii) to graveyard
iii) to the church
iv) to the countryside
Answer:
ii) to graveyard

e) What happened to the girl’s mother? ( )
i) The girl’s mother died.
ii) The girl’s mother is sleeping.
iii) She is waiting for the girl at the cemetery.
iv) She is selling flowers.
Answer:
i) The girl’s mother died.

5. Read the following passage.
Far away from a forest there was a village. A young shepherd used to take his sheep to the forest and go back to his village in the evenings. Every day it was the duty of the boy. In course of time, having worked so many days in the same way, the boy lost interest in that routine work. One day he decided to escape from the routine work and do something different. So he began to shout, “Wolf! Wolf! A wolf is carrying away the lamb, please help.” On hearing it, the farmers working in the nearby fields, rushed to the spot, but they could not find any wolf there. They asked, “Where is the wolf?”.
The boy laughed at them and said, “There is no wolf. I shouted just for fun, but you took it seriously.” The farmers left the place. But the boy, now and then, was doing the same. The farmers stopped believing him.”
But one day a wolf pounced on a lamb. Terrified by the very sight of the wolf, the boy really began to shout for help. The farmers thought that the boy was shouting just for fun. So, they did not turn up. The wolf had taken away the lamb. He wept for some time and went home.

Now, answer the following questions.
a) What is the wild animal mentioned in the story?
Answer:
Wolf

b) What was the routine work of the shepherd boy?
Answer:
taking his sheep to the forest and going back to his village in the evenings.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
c) The boy shouted “Wolf! Wolf!” for the first time because
i) He wanted to kill the wolf.
ii) He wanted to protect the lamb.
iii) He wanted to make fun.
Answer:
iii) He wanted to make fun.

d) The farmer stopped believing the shepherd because
i) he was frequently making fun of them.
ii) they disliked the shepherd boy.
iii) the shepherd boy can fight with the wolf and protect the lambs.
Answer:
i) he was frequently making fun of them.

e) Choose the correct statement from the following.
i) At last the wolf attacked and took away the lamb.
ii) The boy felt sad that he could not make fun of the farmers anymore.
iii) The lamb escaped from the wolf and reached home.
Answer:
i) At last the wolf attacked and took away the lamb.

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. Read the Average Inflation table In India for the past 10 years and answer the questions given below.
Now answer the following questions.
a) In which year is the inflation very high?
Answer:
2010

b) What was the Average inflation rate in 2007?
Answer:
6.39%

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) In which year was inflation above 9% and below 9.5 %? ( )
i) 2014
ii) 2012
iii) 2007
iv) 2008
Answer:
ii) 2012

d) In 2014, the inflation rate is ……….. than 2015. ( )
i) more than ii) less than
iii) equal to iv) the highest
Answer:
i) more than

e) In which years was the average inflation rate almost same? ( )
i) 2014 and 2011
ii) 2014 and 2007
iii) 2016 and 2008
iv) 2010 and 2009
Answer:
ii) 2014 and 2007

2. Observe the advertisement given below.

Now answer the following questions.
a) What is the advertisement about?
Answer:
The advertisement is about the sale of a washing powder.

b) What is free with each product?
Answer:
One sachet of ‘Grow Well’ coconut oil

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) What is special about the product?
i) adds brightness to whiteness
ii) makes the coconut oil
iii) we can see fresh air.
iv) it is clean and clear.
Answer:
i) adds brightness to whiteness

d) When was the product launched?
i) 1959
ii) 1950
iii) long time ago
iv) Rs. 59/-
Answer:
ii) 1950

e) What can clean the tough stains?
i) free product
ii) bright and white
iii) OMO
iv) the fresh air
Answer:
iii) OMO

3. Observe the following flow chart.
What do we do at school to help out?

Now answer the following questions.
a) What does the flow chart show?
Answer:
The flow chart shows what children do at school to help out!

b) How do the other people at school learn?
Answer:
Because they look up to you learning.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) How can the school become better? ( )
i) When a boy gets 1st in class
ii) When the whole class learns
iii) When other schools do better
iv) When there is no progress
Answer:
ii) When the whole class learns

d) When do we need more teachers? ( )
i) When there is absence of teachers
ii) When pupils are absent
iii) When the headmaster needs more teachers
iv) When there are many pupils/students
Answer:
iv) When there are many pupils/students

e) What is developed in between schools? ( )
i) competition
ii) confusion
iii) war
iv) friendship
Answer:
i) competition

4. Observe the following flow chart.

Now answer the following questions.
a) What does it mean when you say there is no homework?
Answer:
You are lying.

b) What would you do if there is more time for completing homework?
Answer:
Watch TV, check E-mail, play games, have snacks, etc.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) If there is less time due for homework, what should you do?
i) sleep
ii) start working
iii) play games
iv) enjoy free time
Answer:
ii) start working

d) What is the meaning of ‘get a life’?
i) get a gift
ii) get a chance
iii) make it active
iv) waste your time
Answer:
iii) make it active

e) When does one lie, ‘there is no homework’?
i) When the student is not interested
ii) When the student wants to escape
iii) When there is no homework!
iv) When the student completes every work
Answer:
ii) When the student wants to escape

5. Observe the following table.
QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR SMALL-SCALE RURAL FOOD INDUSTRIES

Now answer the following questions.
a) What does the table show?
Answer:
The table shows the quality assurance of the food products in rural areas.

b) What are the two food products processed in industries?
Answer:
1. Spices 2. Herbs

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) What is done to the spices after winnowing? ( )
i) dried
ii) harvested
iii) transported
iv) ground into powder
Answer:
iii) transported

d) What is done at last after processing both the products? ( )
i) stored in containers
ii) distribution is done
iii) both are mixed
iv) kept for sale
Answer:
ii) distribution is done

e) When are the herbs transported? ( )
i) after winnowing
ii) after distribution
iii) after packing
iv) after harvesting
Answer:
iv) after harvesting

6. The following table tells us about, the population details of five villages. Study it and answer the questions given under.

Name of the village	No. of families	Male	Female
Veerukonda	321	390	500
Alkapur	765	766	813
Suripadu	704	960	900
Rambedu	412	390	389
Velagalammapudi	563	580	530

Answer the following questions.
a) What information can we get from the above table?
Answer:
Population details of five villages

b) Which village has the highest n umber of total population?
Answer:
Suripadu

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
c) Which village is in the second place in female population? [ ]
i) Veerukonda
ii) Alkapur
iii) Suripadu
Answer:
ii) Alkapur

d) The two villages with the same number of male population are [ ]
i) Velagalammapudi and Suripadu
ii) Rambedu and Suripadu
iii) Veerukonda and Rambedu
Answer:
iii) Veerukonda and Rambedu

e) Which of the following statements is true with reference to the information given above? [ ]
i) The number of males and females in Rambedu is almost equal.
ii) The number of females is higher than the number of males in Velagalammapudi.
iii) Alkapur has the lowest number of families.
Answer:
i) The number of males and females in Rambedu is almost equal.

7. Study the following tree diagram carefully.

Now, answer the following questions.
a) Who is Meena’s mother-in-law?
Answer:
Naveena

b) How many granddaughters does Arjun have?
Answer:
Four

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
c) Praveena is the daughter of [ ]
i) Meena
ii) Ravi
iii) Kavya
Answer:
iii) Kavya

d) Venu and Nikhil are [ ]
i) brothers
ii) cousins
iii) friends
Answer:
ii) cousins

e) Which of the following statements is true with reference to the information given above? [ ]
i) Anil has two daughters.
ii) Anuhya and Rani are sisters.
iii) Kavya is Ravi’s wife.
Answer:
ii) Anuhya and Rani are sisters.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. When the king made a bet with Tenali Raman that he had to paint a picture in one month, the courtiers were happy to find Tenali Raman in a fix. What could be the possible conversation between two courtiers?
Answer:
1st Courtier: A very good thing happened! I am very happy to see Tenali Raman in a soup.
2nd Courtier: Yah! You are right. Otherwise he feels too proud of himself.
1st Courtier: I know he doesn’t paint at all.
2nd Courtier: That’s true, but what is he going to do for a month.
1st Courtier: May be think of what to do. Any way I’m sure he would be punished.
2nd Courtier: But he Is very clever. We should wait and see what happens.
1st Courtier: Let us wait for a month.

2. When Tenali Raman went home, his wife asked him why he came home with paper and paints. Write a possible conversation between Tenali Raman and his wife.
Answer:
Tenali Raman: See what I brought home today.
Wife: Why did you bring these things home? We do not have children.
Tenali Raman: They are for me. I’m going to paint.
Wife: What! You are going to paint! What on earth made you think so?
Tenali Raman: Why are you surprised? I had a bet with the king.
Wife: Bet? For what?
Tenali Raman: I said I could paint as any other well-known artist.
Wife: But you do not know even to make a sketch?
Tenali Raman: I need’nt. The only thing I should know is imagination.
Wife: Imagine what?
Tenali Raman: The painting, the surroundings of the painting, the scenic beauty …….
Wife: Stop …… stop. I cannot understand you.
Tenali Raman: OK, you can see my painting after a month. Then you will understand my talent.

3. When the king sent away Tenali Raman off the court, he became thoughtful of Tenali Raman’s comments. Write a diary entry of the king.
Answer:
Dear diary,
What happened to Tenali Raman today. I know he is very good and talented at poems, jokes and funny things. But today he made a bet that he could paint! How funny? Did he joke as usual or serious ? But he could not bet with a king in a silly way. There must be something in his mind. He is very clever. He can do anything and prove himself right. Is he going to employ an artist to paint the picture ? No, no, he is not a cheater. Let me wait for a month and see if he can win the bag of gold.
Krishnadevaraya

4. The artist in Krishnadeva Raya’s court was hurt when Tenali Raman said the painting was not pleasing. When the king gave him the task of painting, he felt happy. Write the diary entry of the artist.
Answer:
Dear diary,
Today I was deeply hurt when Tenali Raman said my painting was not pleasing. What does he know about painting. How foolish it is to say that he should see the other side of the painting ! The king and all other courtiers were pleased with my work. Only Tenali Raman became the spoil in the game. But, the king, his Highness was very justful. He bet against Tenali Raman to make an equally beautiful picture. I’m so happy, Tenali Raman to be in a fix. But that man was very cool. He agreed for the bet and went home with the canvas and colours. Can he really make a painting and impress the king? Let me wait and see.
Artist

1. Write a letter to your sister in Guntur congratulating her on her success in Kabaddi.
Answer:

Sudarsan Buildings
Vinukonda
2.4.20xx

Dear Anu
How are you ? Very pleased to learn about your success in Kabaddi competitions.
I am fine and finished my Summative Exams. I am regularly going for volleyball practice to the stadium. When Mum, Dad and I knew you won in Inter-School Kabaddi competition, we felt very excited and happy. Congratulations ! We shall celebrate when you come here. When are you coming ? I am eagerly waiting for your arrival.

With love
Kanchana

Address on the Envelope:
To
R. Anusha,
1-134, Girls Hostel,
ZPHS,
Guntur.

2. Write a letter to your Headmaster requesting him for three days leave to visit your uncle’s place.
Answer:
Dt 2.4.20 xx
Ravi Kumar,
Class VII ZPHS
Ramavarappadu
VIJAYAWADA

The Headmaster
ZP High School
Ramavarappadu
Vijayawada
Sir
I bring to your kind notice that last night we received a call from our uncle’s place. He met with an accident and admitted in the hospital. Our family has to visit his place to be helpful to his family.
So kindly grant me leave for three days. I promise that I shall attend the Exams without fail.
Thanking you

Yours sincerely
Ravi Kumar
Class VII
(Parent’s Signature)

3. Your school is going to celebrate its Annual Day next month. You are going to dance for two songs. The local M.L.A will be the chief guest of the function. Many important people of the village will attend the programme. All the teachers are working very hard to make it a big success. Games are being conducted for the occasion.
Now, write a letter to your friend inviting him to attend the programme.
Answer:

Tenali.
10-3-xx.

Dear Ravi,
It has been a long time since I wrote to you. How are your parents? How are you? How is your little sister? I hope you are studying well. We are all fine here. I am also doing well here. In this letter I would like to describe you about our school Annual Day which we celebrate next month.
On 20th of April our school is going to celebrate the Annual Day. The local M.L.A. will be the Chief Guest of the function. Our Head Master will preside over the function. Many important people of the village will attend the programme. All the teachers are working hard to make it a big success. Competitions in games and sports are being conducted for the occasion, Many cultural activities are going to be held. I am going to dance for two songs. It is going to be a great fun and enjoyment.
Do you want to grab the fun and entertain yourself by attending our Annual Day? I would like you to be at the function. I am looking forward to seeing you here.
Convey my regards to your parents. Hoping you will turn up, I remain.

Yours lovingly,
x x x x x

Addres on the Envelope:
To
G. Suresh,
S/o G. Satish,
H.No: 8-95/A,
Sai Baba Temple Street,
Brahmin Street,
Nizam Patnam.
Guntur (Dt.)

4. Write a story using the following hints.
Crocodile and monkey.- friends – monkey gives fruits every day – crocodile gives the fruits to its wife – wife wants to eat the Heart of the monkey – crocodile invites monkey for dinner – asks monkey to sit on its back to swim across the river – on the way says it’s going to take out its heart – monkey says – put its heart on the tree – will go back and bring it – crocodile takes it back to the tree – monkey jumps to the bank-climbs the tree.
Answer:
Once there were a crocodile and a monkey. They were good friends. Monkey used to give fruits to crocodile every day. The,crocodile used to give these fruits given by monkey to his wife. His wife was a crooked one. She wanted to eat the heart of the monkey. She told her husband about her wish. At first the crocodile did not accept his wife’s proposal. With her repeated requests the crocodile had to accept his wife’s wish.
One day the crocodile invited the monkey to his home for dinner. Since his burrow is on the other side of the river they had to swim across the river. The monkey did not know how to swim. So the crocodile asked the monkey to sit on his back to swim across the river.
On the way the crocodile said that he was going to take out his heart. The clever monkey told the crocodile that it had put his heart on the tree. The monkey said that they would go back and bring it. Believing the monkey’s words the crocodile took the monkey back to the three. When they reached the bank the monkey jumped to the bank and climbed the tree. Thus the clever monkey saved its life from the crooked crocodile.

5. Write a story using the following hints.
Woodcutter – cutting tree – on river bank – axe slips – falls into water – woodcutter sad – river god appears from water – offers golden axe – woodcutter refuses – god offers silver axe – woodcutter refuses – god offers iron axe – woodcutter happy and accepts the iron axe – god very pleased – admired honesty of woodcutter – gives all the three axes.
Answer:
Once there was a woodcutter. One day he was cutting a tree on a river bank. When he was cutting down the branch his axe slipped and fell into water. The woodcutter was sad.
Then the river god came up from water and appeared before him. The god offered him the golden axe. The woodcutter refused saying that it was not his own axe. Then the god entered water and came up with a silver axe. When die god offered the woodcutter the silver axe he once again refused to accept it by saying that it was not his own axe.
Finally the god came up with the woodcutter’s iron axe. When the god offered him the iron axe the woodcutter happily accepted it. The god was very pleased. He admired the woodcutter’s honesty and gave him all the three axes – gold, silver and iron axes.
Moral: Honesty is the best policy.

Vocabulary

Choose the words with similar meaning from the list given to the words underlined.

1.

Tenali Raman was a poet and iester (a) in the court of King Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagar. He was famous (b) for his wit and intelligence.

2.

One day, Raja Krishnadevaraya and his courtiers (a) watch as an artist shows his paintings to the king. The king and most of his courtiers are impressed (b) with the paintings;

3.

I can almost feel the peace (a) of the village scene. You are a very talented (b) artist.

4.

What an ignorant (a) fool you are! Everything cannot be painted. You must imagine (b) the bits that are missing.

5.

It’s only fair that if he doesn’t make good his boast (a), he should pay a penalty (b).

6.

It’s a magnificent (a) black stallion with a white star on its forehead. Look at the polished (b) leather saddle on it.

7.

Imagine that the rest of the horse is just outside the canvas (a) grazing at some lush (b) green grass.
Answer:
1. a) joker b) well-known
2. a) king’s ministers b) pleased
3. a) calm b) skilful
4. a) without knowledge b) think
5. a) speak great of oneself b) fine
6. a) wonderful b) shining
7. a) a cloth for painting b) thick and strong

Write the opposite words to the underlined words in the given paragraph.

1. That is really a beautiful (a) painting. I can almost feel the peace (b) of the village scene.
2. Your Highness is very kind (a). It will be an honour (b) to paint for Your Majesty.
3. What an ignorant (a) fool you are! Everything cannot be painted. You must imagine the bits that are missing (b).
4. I agree (a). After a month. I will show you a better (b) painting than that one.
5. Perhaps he’s so busy (a) with his painting that he has lost (b) track of the days.
6. It’s only fair (a) that if he doesn’t make good his boast, he should pay a penalty (b).
7. You old rascal, you have got the better (a) of me. Minister, where is that bag of gold? Give it to Tenali Raman, the cleverest (b) man in my kingdom!
Answer:
1. a) ugly b) din
2. a) cruel b) dishonour
3. a) innocent b) found
4. a) disagree b) worse
5. a) idle b) found
6. a) unfair b) reward
7. a) worse b) dullest

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.

1. That is really a ——– (beauty/beautiful) (a) painting. I can almost feel the ——– (peace/peaceful) (b) of the village scene.
2. Your Highness is very ——– (kindly/kind) (a). It will be an ——– (honourable/honour) (b) to paint for Your Majesty.
3. What an ——– (ignorance/ignorant) (a) fool you are! Everything cannot be painted. You must ——– (imagination/imagine) (b) the bits that are missing.
4. I ——– (agree/agreement) (a). After a month, I will show you a better ——– (paint/painting) (b) than that one.
5. I wouldn’t be too ——– (certain/certainly) (a) of that. He really is very ——– (clever/cleverly) (b).
6. It’s only ——– (fairness/fair) (a) that if he doesn’t make good his ——– (boasting/boast) (b), he should pay a penalty.
7. This is very ——– (insult/insulting) (a). You’re trying to make a ——– (fool/foolish) (b) of me.
Answer:
1. a) beautiful b) peace
2. a) kind b) honour
3. a) ignorant b) imagine
4. a) agree b) painting
5. a) certain b) clever
6. a) fair b) boast
7. a) insulting b) fool

a) Complete the following words using ie, ei, ea, ee, ai, ou, io.

1. Raja Krishnadevaraya and his court _ _ rs watch as an artist shows his p _ _ ntings to the king.
2. That is r _ _ lly a b _ _ utiful painting.
3. I can almost f _ _ l the p _ _ ce of the village scene.
4. We shall be very pl _ _ sed if you can stay on at our c _ _ rt and make more beautiful paintings like these.
5. I wouldn’t be too cert n of that. Her lly is very clever.
6. Well, I can’t w _ _ t anymore. Somebody sh _ _ ld go to his house and tell him he has lost his
bet and the bag of gold.
7) It’s a magnificent black stall _ _ n with a white star on its foreh _ _ d.
8) Tenali comes in with two men carrying a p _ _ nting covered with a sh _ _ t of cloth.
Answer:
1. a) courtiers b) paintings
2. a) really b) beautiful
3. a) feel b) peace
4. a) pleased b) court
5. a) certain b) really
6. a) wait b) should
7. a) stallion b) forehead
8. a) painting b) sheet

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1) Tenali Raman had a great imagina——– (sion/tion) in drawing pictures.
2) See what a beauti——– (ful/full) horse I have drawn.
3) If you don’t pay the fee in time, you should pay a penal——–(ty/ti).
4) This magnifi——– (sent/cent) hare is black in colour.
5) Tenali Raman was famous for his wit and intelli——– (gense/gence).
6) The court——– (iers/ears) disliked Tenali Raman.
7) What an igno——– (rent/rant) fool you are!
Answer:
1) imagination
2) beautiful
3) penalty
4) magnificent
5) intelligence
6) courtiers
7) ignorant

c) Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling.

i) promiss; imagine; clear; corner
ii) smartest; sertain; clever; court
iii) indeed; smiling; pleased; courtear
iv) wisper; eager; each other; tower
v) imagine; courtiers; lovily; everything
Answer:
i) promise
ii) certain
iii) courtier
iv) whisper
v) lovely

Put the following words under correct headings.

Answer:

People	Things
1)    artist 2)    courtier 3)    soldier 4)     minister	1)   painting 2)    canvas 3)    colours 4)    paper

a) Make sentences with the phrasal verbs given below

i) catch up
ii) part from
iii) lookout
iv) get through
v) get on
vi) look after
Answer:
i} catch up: Komal has to catch up with others in studies.
ii) part from: Sonam cried when she had to part from her parents.
iii) look out: Look out! The tiger is coming.
iv) get through: Mani worked hard and got through all the difficulties.
v) get on: You should get on with good and bad people.
vi) look after: Geetha looks after her little brother, when her mother goes out.

b) Guess the meaning of the idioms below and use in your own sentences.

i) a hot potato
ii) at the drop of a hat
iii) ball is in your court
iv) be glad to see the back of
v) costs an arm and a leg
Answer:
i) a hot potato: To get first in class is like a hot potato.
ii) at the drop of a hat: After packing everything, we are at the drop of a hat.
iii) ball is in your court: Do you want to buy a cake or pastry? Now the ball is in your court.
iv) be glad to see the back of: We are happy to see the back of the other team.
v) costs an arm and a leg: It costs an arm and a leg to go across with my neighbour.

Grammar

Read the following passage and correct the parts underlined. Rewrite the corrected parts in the space provided.
1. That is really the (a) beautiful painting. I can almost feeling (b) the piece (c) of the village scene. You are a very talent (d) artist.
2. For one thing, where is an (a) other side of these too (b) men? You can only sea (c) there (d) one side.
3. You may also take live (a) from the court at (b) a month. If on (c) the end of the month you bring me a painting that half as good for (d) the ones we saw today, I promise you a bag of gold and the title ‘King of Artists !’
4. Sir, the day has arrive (a) when Tenali Raman show (b) you her (c) painting. He’s so busy for (d) his painting that he has lost track of the days.
5. It’s a magnificient (a) black stallion of (b) a white star on its fourhead (c) Look at the polish (d) leather saddle on it.
6. This is very insult (a). You’re trying to made (b) a fool at (c) me. There is nothing of (d) this canvas.
Answer:
1. a) a
b) feel
c) peace
d) talented
2.
a) the
b) two
c) see
d) their
3. a) leave
b) for
c) at
d) as
4.
a) arrived
b) shows
c) his
d) with
5. a) magnificent
b) with
c) forehead
d) polished
6. a) insulting
b) make
c) of
d) on

Complete the passage choosing the right words from those given below. Each blank is numbered and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and. (D) in the blanks.

1. That is really a ________ (1) painting. I can almost feel ________ (2) peace of the village scene. You are ________ (3) very talented artist. Here is a bag of gold ________ (4) you.
1) A) beautiful B) beauty C) most beautiful D) beautifullest
2) A) a B) of C) an D) the
3) A) the B) a C) all D) very
4) A)to B)of C)for D)in
Answer:
1 – A; 2 – D; 3 – B; 4 – C

2. What ________ (1) ignorant fool you are! Everything cannot (2) painted. You must _________(3) the bits that ______ (4) missing.
1) A) a B) an C) th D) one
2) A) be B) will C) is D) was
3) A) imaginary B) imagines C) imagine D) imagination
4) A) is B) are D) may be C) will be
Answer:
1 – B; 2 – A; 3 – C; 4 – B

3. The courtiers start _______ (1) thinking that he would lose ________ (2) bet. They _________ (3) Tenali Raman cannot paint at all. Tenali looks _________ (4) the giggling courtiers angrily and walks out.
1) A) smile B) smiled C) smiling D) smiles
2) A) the B) a C) one D) an
3) A) knew B) knows C) know D) knowing
4) A) for B) at C) by D) on
Answer:
1 – C; 2 – A; 3 – C; 4 – B

4. Well, I can’t________ (1) anymore. Somebody should go ________ (2) his house and tell him _________ (3) he has lost his bet and the bag _________ (4) gold.
1) A) waiting B) waited C) waits D) wait
2) A) to B) for C) by D) with
3) A) because B) so C) hcnce D) that
4) A) and B) of C) with D) for
Answer:
1 – D; 2 – A; 3 – D; 4 – B

5. Sir, see what a beautiful horse I ____ (1) drawn. It’s a magnificent black stallion with ________ (2) whitestar on – (3) forehead. Look ________ (4) the polished leather saddle on it.
1) A) am B) have C) has D) was
2) A) the B) an C) a D) one
3) A) it B) its C) her D) their
4) A) at B) on C) with D) for
Answer:
1 – B; 2 – C; 3 – B; 4 – A

6. Well, you ________ (1) the one who told me that we had to use ________ (2) imagination when we looked at paintings. Imagine that _________ (3) rest of the horse is just outside the canvas _________ (4) at some lush green grass.
1) A) will be B) are C) were D) may be
2) A) our B) its C) their D) my
3) A) a B) very C) the D) an
4) A) graze B) grazing C) grazed D) is grazing
Answer:
1 – B; 2 – A; 3 – C; 4 – B

Read the following sentences and say what they mean.

A) Choose the right answer from the choices given.
1. You will wait here, won’t you? ( )
A) confirmation
B) request
C) order
D) suggestion
Answer:
A) confirmation

2. Do exercises every day to be fit. ( )
A) Order
B) Advice
C) Wishes
D) Suggestion
Answer:
B) Advice

3. Many happy returns of the day. ( )
A) Request
B) Statement
C) Blessings
D) Wishes
Answer:
D) Wishes

4. You may get inside. ( )
A) giving permission
B) taking permission
C) rejecting permission
D) request
Answer:
A) giving permission

5. Where is the Goddess Durga’s temple? ( )
A) suggestion
B) exclamation
C) seeking information
D) giving information
Answer:
C) seeking information

B) Rewrite the sentence with contract form wherever possible.
1) Ram is not coming today.
2) They are not leaving for any business.
3) I have many pets at home.
4) We are planning for a day’s outing.
5) Nora could not climb the wall.
Answer:
a) Ram isn’t coming today.
b) They aren’t leaving for any business.
c) I’ve many pets at home.
d) We’re planning for a day’s outing.
e) Nora couldn’t climb the wall.

C) Fill in the blanks with Adverbs of manner. The words are given in the brackets.
1. My brother completed his homework ——– (quick).
2. The teacher asked the question ——– (loud).
3. Rina did ——– in the Exams. (good)
4. The children entered the restaurant ——– (noise).
5. Mona asked for a bicycle ——– (pleasing).
Answer:
1. quickly
2. loudly
3. well
4. noisily
5. pleasingly

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 5

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 5

1. Read the following passage carefully.

In the evening, we boarded a ship for Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The ship looked much bigger than our school building. It had four storeys. It set out after sounding a loud horn. People who had come to see off their friends and relatives cheered them up by waving their hands. My sister Amala and I too waved our hands while Mom and Dad smiled at us.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What is the capital of city of Andaman & Nicobar Islands?
2) Who were travelling to Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
3) What is the ship compared to?
4) Name two places where people come to see off their friends and relatives.
5) Why did the writer’s parents smile at him and Amala?
Answer:
1) Port Blair
2) The writer and his family.
3) A school building.
4) Airport, railway station, sea-port.
5) Because the writer and Amala enjoyed waving hands like other even though the people are unknown to them.

2. Read the following passage carefully.
Tall buildings, cell towers and factory chimneys began to vanish gradually. After a while, the twinkling lights of Chennai bade us farewell. Soon everything around us began to look dark and calm but inside the ship it was all bright and beautiful. When we closed the windows and doors of our cabin, we did not feel the movement of the ship.
On the second day, we came to know that we were in the middle of the sea. The weather was pleasant on the sea. The day was sunny and the sea was reflecting the clouds like a flat mirror. We saw Dolphins swimming along the ship. They sprang and dived again and again. It was quite amusing.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Where did the writer and his family board the ship?
2) How was it inside the ship even in the dark?
3) How was the weather in the sea?
4) Which sea animals are mentioned in the passage?
5) What was the amusing thing for the writer?
Answer:
1) The writer and his family boarded the ship at Chennai port.
2) Inside the ship it was all bright and beautiful.
3) The weather was pleasant on the sea.
4) Dolphins
5) The sprinihg and diving of Dolphins was amusing to the writer.

3. Read the following passage.

I was dUrious to know what other people were doing on the ship. So I went around. I saw some watching films and some others eating and drinking in the restaurants. A few were buying things in the fancy stores. I was surprised to see some in a saloon getting their hair cut.
The medical staff was busy treating the patients suffering mostly from sea-sickness. The sanitary workers were on their job of keeping the cabins, corridors and toilets neat and clean. The crew of the ship was very friendly and courteous. They gladly answered all my queries about the ship.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Who went around the ship?
2) Why did the speaker go round the ship?
3) What were the people doing on the ship?
4) How were the crew with the people on the ship?
5) What do we call the people who work on the ship?
Answer:
1) The writer
2) He was curious to know what qther people were doing on the ship.
3) Some were watching films, some were eating and drinking, some were buying things and others in the hair cutting saloon.
4) The crew of the ship was very friendly and courteous.
5) Crew

4. Read the following passage.
Dad said, “I know a little. There are about six hundred islands. They are located between India’s coast and Myanmar. Only 37 of them are inhabited. They have plant, animal and marine life in abundance.”
We learnt that the inhabitants of the islands were the aboriginal tribes. Some of them lived far away from the civilized society. Despite this, the islands today look like a miniature India. We saw people of different languages, cultures, and faiths living together happily.
We visited a famous national monument, the Cellular jail. We learnt that the Cellular jail was built by the British. It was nd longer a jail. It had been converted into a big hospital.
Now answer the following questions.
1) How many islands are there in the Andaman and Nicobar islands?
2) What is inhabitance?
3) How did the islands look like to the writer?
4) What is the famous monument in the islands?
5) What has the Cellular jail changed to?
Answer:
1) There are about six hundred islands.
2) The existence of plant, animal and marine life is called inhabitance.
3) The islands looked like a miniature India.
4) The Cellular jail
5) It was changed into a big hospital.

5. Read the following passage.

After a while, we reached an exciting place, the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park.
The park was spread over a wide area of 15 islands. Open creeks running through the park area were a special attraction. We watched coral reefs, fishes of different celours and sea turtles through glass-bottomed boats. For some time, we felt ourselves as a part of them. Amala and I cheered the fish and turtles.
We travelled by a ferry from Port Blair to a place called Havelock island. The ferries carry people, vehicles and goods. We enjoyed panipuri, samosas and gharam chai during the ferry journey.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What is the exciting place visited by the writer’s family?
2) What is the special attraction on the island?
3) Name some sea animals mentioned in the passage.
4) What is the means of transport to reach Havelock islands from Port Blair?
5) What is a ferry?
Answer:
1) Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
2) Open creeks running through the park area.
3) Fishes and turtles
4) Ferry
5) A ferry is a small boat to carry people, vehicles and goods.

6. Read the following passage.
A majestic lighthouse greeted us on our arrival at the Havelock Island. We felt as if the sandy beaches and greenish-blue sea were warmly welcoming us.
Some foreign tourists on the beaches were basking in the sun and enjoying themselves. We saw tourists enjoying swimming in the sea, and riding on elephants. Silky sands, foaming tides and cool breeze of the sea attracted us very much. We took lots of pictures of the beautiful scenery.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What looked very grand and royal in the Havelock Island?
2) What welcomed the tourists to the island?
3) What is the meaning of basking?
4) What was the most fun making and amusing activity for the tourists here?
5) The sea was attractive to the tourists. Why?
Answer:
1) Light house
2) The sandy beaches and greenish-blue sea
3) Drying up oneself in the sun.
4) Swimming in the sea and riding on elephants.
5) Because there was silky sand, foaming tides and cool breeze.

7. Read the following passage.

We visited the beach called Elephant beach. To our amazement, we saw some swimmers
diving into the sea from the motor boats. They were dressed in a different way. They put masks on their faces and carried air cylinders on their backs.
I asked Dad, “Why are the swimmers diving into the sea?”
Dad replied, “They want to watch the coral reefs and beautiful coloured fishes and sea turtles. They stay for a long time beneath the sea and swim along with them. lt is called Scuba diving.” The Scuba diving filled my heart with a spirit of adventure. I wished 1 could do it.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What is Scuba diving?
2) Why do swimmers dive into the sea?
3) Why do the swimmers carry air cylinders?
4) Name the place where the Scuba diving is done.
5) Can you name two adventurous acts?
Answer:
1) Diving deep into the sea and spending time watching the sea animals is called Scuba diving.
2) They want to watch the coral reefs and beautiful coloured fishes and sea turtles.
3) Because they stay for a long time under the sea and need air to breathe.
4) Elephant beach
5) Trekking, mountaineering, surfing on the sea.

B. Reading

1. Read the following lines.
I was sitting alone in my house,
Studying the structure of a mouse,
My exams were going on.
And science I hadn’t done.
Suddenly the lights went out,
Then I heard a loud burst,
Someone was there, outside,
I went out to look, full of fright.
Now answer the following questions
1) Who was ‘I’ in the poem?
2) What was the speaker doing?
3) What was the subject the speaker was not ready with?
4) Why did the speaker feel someone was outside?
5) How do you feel when you were alone at home?
Answer:
1) The boy/ the poet
2) He was preparing for science exam.
3) Science
4) Because he heard a loud burst.
5) A little scared if it is night.

2. Read the following stanza.
I saw a huge rocket,
And an astronaut in white,
He invited me on a flight to the moon,
We reached there by afternoon.
We jumped around
As we couldn’t walk on the ground.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Do you think the child really went on the moon?
2) Who is an astronaut?
3) Why couldn’t the speaker and the astronaut walk on the ground?
4) How did the speaker feel on the moon?
5) How would you feel if you were invited on the moon?
Answer:
1) No, it was his dream.
2) A person who studies about other planets/travels in space.
3) Because there was no air in the space.
4) It was exciting to the speaker to spend time on the moon.
5) I would feel very happy and delightful.

3. Read the following stanza.
We jumped around
As we couldn’t walk on the ground.
It was a lot of fun,
I reached home before the setting sun.
My science test went very well,
But no one knows the secret,
Which even now inside me dwells.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Who does ‘we’ refer to?
2) Where were they?
3) How did the speaker reach home?
4) What was the secret about the speaker?
5) If you were given a chance, which planet do you prefer to visit?
Answer:
1) The poet and the astronaut
2) They were on the moon.
3) By rocket
4) The secret was that the poet spent his time in the space. The speaker learnt everything by self experience.
5) Mars

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.
I bought a substantial stock of goods to trade, and sailed on a ship with a number of my merchant friends. We placed ourselves in the care of Allah and set off. Soon we reached an island.
We decided to go ashore. My friends went to gather fruits and flowers, but I took my food packet to a place in the shade. I had a good meal and lay down to sleep under the trees. I don’t know how long I slept, but when I awoke and looked out to sea, the ship had gone. I was all alone. Not knowing what to do, I climbed up to the top of a tall tree and looked over the island on all sides. In the distance I could see something white, and decided to find out what it was.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Who does ‘I’ refer to?
2) Why do you think the speaker bought the stock of goods?
3) Who accompanied the speaker?
4) What did the speaker realise after he woke up?
5) What would you do if you were left alone in a place?
Answer:
1) ‘I’ refers to Sindbad.
2) The speaker bought the goods to trade.
3) His friends
4) The speaker realised that the ship had gone leaving him alone on the island.
5) I would search for a companion.

2. Read the following passage.
Suddenly, the sky above me became dark, as if a huge cloud was covering it. Looking up,
I saw that the darkness was caused by the shadow of a huge bird that was flying towards me.
I had often heard sailors talk of a great and wonderful bird, called a ‘roc’. This must be a roc,
1 thought, and this huge ball must be its egg!
The bird came nearer and sat on its egg. I soon crept close to the egg. Near me was one of the bird’s legs, which was as big as a tree. I decided to tie myself to the leg of this bird with my turban so that when it flew away from the island, it would carry me with it.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What made the sky dark?
2) How is the bird described?
3) What is the egg of the bird compared with?
4) How big was the bird’s leg?
5) What was the plan of escape made by the speaker?
Answer:
1) It was the shadow of a huge bird that came between the speaker and the sky.
2) Huge, great and wonderful.
3) Huge ball
4) The leg was as big as a tree.
5) The speaker tied himself to the leg of the bird with his turban.

3. Read the following passage.
At day break, the bird flew up so high that 1 was carried out of sight of the island. Then it came down again so fast that I lost my senses. When I found myself on the ground, I quickly untied the turban. The bird caught up a snake and flew away.
This time I found myself surrounded on all sides by immense mountains that seemed to reach above the clouds. The sides of the valley looked so steep that there was no possibility of climbing them. When I began to look around the valley, I found that there were large diamonds lying on the ground.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What happened to the speaker when the bird landed very fast?
2) Where did the bird leave the speaker?
3} How were the mountains?
4) Have you ever climbed mountains? What is mountain climbing called?
5} What did the speaker find in the valley?
Answer:
1) The speaker lost his senses.
2) In a valley
3) The mountains were immense/very big in size.
4) No, I did not climb a mountain. Mountain climbing is called Alpinism or Mountaineering.
5) Huge serpents

4. Read the following passage.

I was excited to find such riches lying around me. Then I saw something else that made
roe very frightened. All around the valley there were huge serpents, some of them big enough to even eat an elephant! These came out of their holes at nightfall. During the day, I suppose, they hid themselves from the rocs.
I found a small cave where I decided to spend the night. At the entrance I put a large stone to protect myself from the serpents, but the noise of their hissing outside made sleep impossible.
Now answer the following questions.
T) How would you feel if you find diamonds?
2) What is the valley inhabited with?
3) How did the speaker try to protect himself?
4) What made the speaker unable to sleep?
5) Did you ever face a serpent? What did you do to escape?
Answer:
1) Very excited
2) Huge serpents
3) The speaker protected himself by taking shelter in the rocks in the night.
4) The hissing noise of the serpents.
5) No. I never faced a serpent.

5. Read the following passage.

I had heard stories in the past about this valley of diamonds, but had not believed them. Now I saw with my own eyes what the local merchants did to obtain the jewels; they used huge eagles to carry up the diamonds for them!
When the eagles have young ones in their nests among the rocks, they fly down into the valley to get food for them. So, the merchants would throw down large pieces of raw meat; the diamonds stick to the meat, and in this way get carried to the eagles nests. Each merchant has his own nest, and considers its jewels his. The idea came to me that I too could use these eagles I myself could be lifted up from this deep valley, and thus escape from it! The eagles were so big and strong that my weight would seem little.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What did the merchants do to obtain jewels?
2) Why did the eagle fly down into the rocks?
3) What happens to the diamonds when the merchants throw meat into the valley?
4) How did the speaker try to escape from the valley?
5) What would you do with the diamonds if you get them?
Answer:
1) The merchants threw meat to make the diamonds stick to them. When the eagles pick them up as food, they separate the diamonds from the meat.
2) To pick the meat.
3) The diamonds stick to the meat.
4) The speaker tied a large piece of meat to his back and laid on the ground enabling the eagle to carry him.
5) I would keep some for my living and help the poor with others.

6. Read the following passage.

First, I collected a number of large diamonds. These I put in my wallet and tied the wallet
to my waist. Next, I tied one of the large pieces of meat to the middle of my back with my turban. I then lay down with my face to the ground, and waited there. There was the sound of huge wings around me. Then I felt myself lifted up and carried to the top of the rocky walls of the valley.
Soon I was in one of the nests. The merchants were surprised to see me there, and I when they heard my story, they helped me to find a ship to go home. When I got back to Baghdad.
I was a very wealthy man. I gave large amounts of money to the poor and lived peacefully in my own home.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did the speaker tie large pieces of meat to his back?
2) Who carried the speaker to the top of the valley?
3) Who helped the speaker reach home?
4) What good’work did the speaker do after reaching home?
5) What do you call the incidents that took place with the speaker?
Answer:
1) To attract the eagles
2) The eagle
3) The merchants
4) He gave large amounts of money to the poor.
5) Adventures

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.
From the architectural and cultural point of view, India is one of the most famous countries all over the world. Here is the variety in clothing, food, culture, tradition, language, living status etc. because of the presence of many religions all over the country. So, people become more interested to travel India more than once in their life time. India is the right place for the historical and peaceful scenery visits. India is most populated and multicultural country however
famous for unity in diversity. India is the motherland Of the worldwide famous legends such as Mahatma Gandhi, Gautama Buddha, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Ratan Tata and so many. India is the country having well-developed cities, heritages, monuments and other sight seeings such as Taj Mahal, Great Indian Himalayas, Bengal Tiger, etc. which are considered as the icons of India tourism.
Now answer the following questions
1) What made India one of the most famous country in the world?
Answer:
India is famous for its architecture and culture.

2) India has people following many religions. What is the effect of this feature?
Answer:
There will be variety of traditions, culture, food, clothing, languages, etc.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) Foreigners visit India more than once because
a) there are many forests.
b) there are many cities.
c) people are very beautiful.
d) the country has a great history and scenic beauty.
Answer:
d) the country has a great history and scenic beauty.

4) What do we call ‘Mahatma Gandhi’ nationwide ?
a) Gandhiji
b) Bapu
c) Mahan
d) Guruji
Answer:
b) Bapu

5) Where is Taj Mahal?
a) In Taj
b) In Telangana
c) In Delhi
d) In Agra
Answer:
d) In Agra

2. Read the following passage carefully.

A visit to an exhibition is a novel experience. An exhibition which I visited recently was very interesting. It was one of the largest exhibitions ever held. Being a Sunday there were many visitors that made it difficult to walk.
Men, women and children in their colourful and best dresses were there. At the booking counter there were long quees. I bought tickets and entered the exhibition ground. Our parents and I enjoyed the exhibition for a long time. The grounds were tastefully decorated. There were stalls and pavilion of ministries, companies and states.
There were hundreds of exhibits for the domestic use.. By the time we came out of the German pavilion, we were very tired. We went to a coffee-shop and had hot coffee. My mother bought a shawl. There was a village complex with many village singers, jugglers and folk artists. The puppet show was very amusing.

Now answer the following questions
1) What is necessary to visit the exhibition?
Answer:
An entrance ticket

2) Who is a juggler?
Answer:
One who does magic is a juggler.

Choose the correct answer:
3) When is it difficult to go around in exhibition? ( )
a) Sunday
b) Tuesday
c) Working day
d) In the morning
Answer:
a) Sunday

4) What was very entertaining for the author? ( )
a) Stalls
b) Coffee shop
c) Puppet show
d) Exhibition
Answer:
c) Puppet show

5) What did the writer’s family do when they were tired? ( )
a) They sat down and released.
b) They went to a coffee shop and had coffee.
c) They bought toys and shawl.
d) They went home.
Answer:
b) They went to a coffee shop and had coffee.

3. Read the following passage carefully.

Sally jumped up as soon as she saw the surgeon come out of the operating room. She said: “How is my little boy? Is he going to be all right? When can I see him?” The surgeon said, “I’m sorry. We did all we could, but your boy didn’t make it”. Sally said, “Why do little children get cancer? Doesn’t God care any more ? Where were you, God, when my son needed you?”
The surgeon asked, “would you like some time alone with your son? One of the nurses will be out in a few minutes, before he’s transported to the university”.
Sally asked the nurse to stay with her while she said goodbye to son. She ran her fingers through his curly hair. “Would you like a lock of his hair?” the nurse said. She cut a lock of the boy’s hair and gave it to Sally in a plastic bag. Sally said, “It was Jimmy’s idea to donate his body to the university for study. He said it might help somebody else. “She continued,” My Jimmy had a heart of gold. Always thinking of some one else. Always wanting to help others if he could”.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Who was admitted in the hospital?
Answer:
Sally’s son

2) What was the boy suffering from?
Answer:
Cancer

Choose the correct answer:
3) Where will the boy be taken after the surgery?
a) to his home
b) to hospital
c) to university
d) to a clinic
Answer:
c) to university

4) What did the nurse offer sally as a token of memory?
a) a gold win
b) a big chest of clothes
c) the boy’s clothes
d) a lock of hair of the boy
Answer:
d) a lock of hair of the boy

5) Why was the boy taken to the university?
a) to be operated
b) to get good treatment
c) to be helpful for the study of others
d) to help the doctors
Answer:
c) to be helpful for the study of others

4. Read the following passage carefully.
Gardening! It is a hard work. It is even a dirty work. You have to dig up the hard earth and make its heart soft. Not only this. You have to plan it well. You have to lay out beds for different kinds of plants. They require great care. They must get food and water in time. All this requires hard work and it fills your body with dirt and sweat.
A Gardener is like a mother to the garden. No, good mother leaves her children to a nurse. So as a gardener your garden requires food and water, love and affection. A plant is also a living being and has feelings like a human or an animals. The beauty of flowers, the medicinal value of some plants, the utility of the branches alre all the benefits of possessing a garden.
The hobby of gardening is good for health, fitness and recreation. It involves physical activities in open air. The study of plant life is very interesting.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Why should the hard earth be made soft?
Answer:
To sow the seeds or plant new saplings.

2) Why is gardening a hard work?
Answer:
Because the soil has to be dug, lay out beds, plants must be watered regularly, etc.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Who is the mother of the garden? ( )
a) you
b) plants
c) gardener
d) people
Answer:
c) gardener

4) Who has feelings of pain, love, affection, etc.? ( )
a) gardener
b) plants
c) animals
d) all the three
Answer:
d) all the three

5) What is the study of plant life called? ( )
a) gardening
b) biology
c) anatomy
d) plantology
Answer:
b) biology

5. Read the following passage carefully.
Mother Teresa is also known as ‘Blessed Teresa of Calcutta”. Her earlier name was ‘Anjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhier” She was born on 26th August, 1910 at the then Yugoslavia. She came to India in 1929. Mother Teresa was Roman Catholic nun moved to Calcutta’s slum “to serve God among the poorest of the poor”.
In 1950, she established the Missionaries of Charity to help the poor, helpless, disabled, diseased refugees and lepers. Today, the missionaries of charity are in more than 100 countries.
She was awarded the title of “Padma Shri” in 1962. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Later in 1980, she received conferred the title of ‘Bharat Ratna”, the highest civilian award in India. She was the first citizen of India to win Nobel Peace Prize.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What is the other name for Mother Teresa?
Answer:
‘Blessed Teresa of Calcutta’

2) What was the birth place of Teresa?
Answer:
Yugoslavia

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) When did Mother Teresa found the Missionaries of Charity?
a) 1980
b) 1929
c) 1950
d) 1919
Answer:
d) 1919

4) What was the award received by Teresa in 1979?
a) Nobel Prize
b) Padma Shri
c) Blessed Teresa
d) Bharat Ratna
Answer:
c) Blessed Teresa

5) Where did Mother Teresa find God?
a) in the city of Calcutta
b) in the school of charity
c) in Yugoslavia
d) in the poorest of the poor
Answer:
a) in the city of Calcutta

6. Read the following passage.
There was a Guru who had mastered the Scriptures. One day when he was teaching the] Vedas to his disciples, a cat started moving around. This did not disturb the Guru, but was a distraction to some of his disciples. So the Guru instructed his disciples to get hold of the cat and tie it to pillar. As the nuisance recurred on the following days, the cat was regularly tethered to the pillar before the Guru began his teaching.
Some years later the Guru died. One of his disciples became the new head. The practice of tethering the cat to the pillar continued. After a few months the cat died. When the Guru began his teaching the next day he noticed that the cat was missing. He said, “Don’t you know that a cat must be tied to the pillar during my teaching ? That is our tradition. Go and find a cat”. The disciples immediately obeyed the order. Blindly following traditions, thus, is foolish and serves no purpose.
Now, answer the following questions.
1) Why were the disciples distracted?
Answer:
A cat’s moving around distracted the disciples.

2) What was done to prevent the cat from roaming about?
Answer:
The cat was tied to the pillar.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Who became the new head? ( )
a) One of the disciples of the Guru
b) The cat
c) All the disciples
Answer:
a) One of the disciples of the Guru

4) What practice continued after the new Guru took charge? ( )
a) Keeping the cat near the Guru
b) Tethering the cat to the pillar
c) Making it go round the pillar
Answer:
b) Tethering the cat to the pillar

5) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
a) The new Guru was foolish because he was blindly following a practice.
b) The new Guru was foolish because he was fond of cats.
c) The new Guru was foolish because he disliked traditions.
Answer:
a) The new Guru was foolish because he was blindly following a practice.

1. This table shows the climate of Port Blair from January to December 2015

Now answer the following questions.
1) What is the highest temperature recorded in 2015?
Answer:
April

2) Which months experience the lowest temperature?
Answer:
January and February

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) In which month is the precipitation high? ( )
a) March
b) July
c) June
d) December
Answer:
c) June

4) Which months have a stable low temperature? ( )
a) Jan-May
b) May-Sept
c) Oct-Dec
d) July-Dee
Answer:
d) July-Dee

5) According to the table, which of the following statement proves to be true? ( )
a) The precipitation has been high in the middle of the year.
b) Port Blair is a beautiful city.
c) The minimum temperature has been decreasing from January to December.
Answer:
a) The precipitation has been high in the middle of the year.

2. Given below is John’s family tree. Study and answer the questions.

Now answer the following questions.

1) Who are John’s parents?
Answer:
Edward and Diana

2) Who is the sibling of Diana?
Answer:
Maid

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) Wendy and Edward are ( )
a) cousins
b) brother and sister
c) daughters
d) parents
Answer:
b) brother and sister

4) Who did Maid-marry? ( )
a) Edward
b) Fred
c) Harold
d) Jimmy
Answer:
c) Harold

5) How many people exist in 3rd generation of the family chart? ( )
a) 5 members
b) 10 members
c) 6 members
d) 4 members
Answer:
a) 5 members

3. The bar graph below shows the Sex ratio of females per 1000 males. Study the graph and answer the questions.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What is the Rural female population during 2001?
Answer:
946 females

2) What is the difference in the population from 2001 to 2011?
Answer:
The population has increased in 10 years of time.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) How many females are existing in urban areas in 2011? ( )
a) 947
b) 900
c) 926
d) 947
Answer:
c) 926

4) The ratio of male : female in 2011 in rural area is ( )
a) 1000: 933
b) 1000 : 947
c) 900 : 1000
d) 946 : 1000
Answer:
b) 1000 : 947

5) Which of the following statement is true according to the graph representation? ( )
a) In 2011, the urban female population is lesser than the total population.
b) The female population decreased in 2011 when compared to 2001.
c) The male and female population is same in 2001 in rural areas.
Answer:
a) In 2011, the urban female population is lesser than the total population.

4. The pie chart below shows the usage of water for domestic purposes. Study it and answer the questions.

Now answer the following questions.
1) For which purpose is water mostly used on domestic front?
Answer:
Toilet flushing

2) What are the different kinds of washing mentioned in the pie chart?
Answer:
Washing up, clothes washing, personal washing showers, personal washing baths and taps

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) Water used for is very less. ( )
a) personal washing showers
b) toilet flushing
c) drinking
d) washing hands
Answer:
c) drinking

4) What is the percentage of water used for outdoor purposes? ( )
a) 12%
b) 7%
c) 21%
d) 5%
Answer:
b) 7%

5) Pick out the true statement with reference to the details in the pie chart. ( )
a) Water is best utilized for clothes washing.
b) Consumption of water for various washing purposes can be minimised/reduced.
c) Water is the main source for keeping ourselves and surroundings clean.
Answer:
c) Water is the main source for keeping ourselves and surroundings clean.

5. Study the following tree diagram carefully.

Distribution of annual income of Ramesh on savings and expenditure

Now, answer the following questions.
1) What does the above pie chart describe?
Answer:
Distribution of annual income of Ramesh on savings and expenditure

2) What is the second highest expenditure of Ramesh?
Answer:
House rent

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Ramesh spends the most on ( )
a) taxes
b) clothes
c) miscellaneous
Answer:
a) taxes

4) Ramesh spends the least on ( )
a) taxes
b) clothing
c) food
Answer:
b) clothing

5) Which of the following statements is true with reference to the information given above? ( )
a) Ramesh spends equally on clothing and miscellaneous items.
b) Ramesh does not have any savings.
c) Ramesh spends more on clothing than food.
Answer:
a) Ramesh spends equally on clothing and miscellaneous items.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. In the lesson A Trip to Andaman’, the writer’s Dad made it possible for the family on a trip to Andaman during summer vacation. Write a conversation between writer and his dad about planning during summer holidays.
Answer:
Writer: Hi Dad, a good news. Our summer vacation is from tomorrow.
Dad: Is it? Very good. I shall take leave from the office. Let’s plan to go somewhere.
Writer: That’s exciting! Where shall we go?
Dad: I have already thought about it. We shall plan for Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Writer: Are we flying?
Dad: No. let us make a trip by ship.
Writer: Wow, that’s wonderful.
Dad: Let us inform your mother. She will pack all the necessary things.
Writer: Is there anything specific to carry?
Dad: Nothing. But let us carry our sweaters and shawls.
Writer: Ok Dad. I shall help Mom do the arrangements.
Dad: Fine. Let us go and tell your mother and your sister Amala.
Writer : Yes.

2. Describe a journey you made with your family.
Answer:
Recently we planned a tour to Araku Valley. Dad said it’s a very pleasant and cool hill station that can be visited in summer. Charan and I were so excited and told our friends about our trip to Araku. Mom also said its a worthy sight seeing place.
We started early in the morning of Monday by a train to Vishakhapatnam. I enjoyed the climate and scenic beauty sitting by the window. Mom made some snacks and lunch for us to enjoy during the journey. We reached Vishakhapatnam in the afternoon. We took rest in a hotel and went to see R.K. Beach in the evening. First time, to go near the heavy waters scared me a lot. But my father held our hands and gave the courage to go near the waters. We enjoyed a lot with the on and off movements of tides.
We took rest for the night and started for Araku early in the morning by train. The journey was pleasant and exciting as we passed through forests and tunnels. Children in the train shouted with joy. We reached Araku, hired a room and got fresh. We hired a taxi to see some old temples. Borra caves, tea and coffee plantations and beautiful gardens. We enjoyed the trip. The garden was beautiful with flower beds, bushes and decorated trees.
The trip was a memorable experience in my life.

3. There was discipline maintained by the crew on the ship. Write a diary entry of the writer about his feelings on the behaviour of the crew on the ship.
Answer:
12th June, Tuesday.
We returned home yesterday after a joyful trip to Andaman and Nicobar islands. When Dad said we are going by ship 1 was afraid of the sea waters and journey by ship. But all my fears vanished when I saw the hospitality of the crew on the ship.
The crew on the ship took utmost care in making arrangements for the travellers. They wandered from one place to another giving right directions. They showed a lot of patience to explain the tourists about the utilization of facilities on the ship. They smiled at everyone and bore the naughty behaviour of children like us. They served at every door of the room and were very friendly and courteous. We liked them and became friends very soon. The crew < never wasted their time. They even worked in the night when everyone slept. The journey was comfortable and enjoyable because of them.
We thanked the crew before we left the port. They smiled and simply bowed in respect.

4. The Inhabitants of the Islands look like a miniature India because there are different languages, cultures and faiths living together. This is called Unity In Diversity. We find the same culture in India. Write a speech on Unity ¡n Diversity that
prevails in India.
Answer:
‘Unity in Diversity’
Respected teachers and my dear friends,
… India is a country that is well known for its ‘Unity in Diversity’. So I feel honoured and proud to speak before you on this remarkable feature of India.
Unity in diversity means oneness In the varieties. India is a country where it is very clear to see this concept because people of many religion, race, culture and traditions live together without affecting each others feelings and believes to their religion. Unity in Diversity focuses in the existence of oneness even after lot of differences of cultural, social, physical, linguistic religions, political, ideological, psychological, etc. More number of differences make more complex unity. People in India are united in spite of the much diversity of races, religions, castes, sub-castes, communities, languages and dialects. People in India are highly spiritual and God fearing in nature so they give respect to everyone’s religion.
Humanity and likelihood of people help them to maintain the policy of Unity in Diversity. We are proud to be Indians”

5. Describe a park or a zoo you visited.
Answer:
We have a small park in front of our house where we go to play every evening. Ours is a residential area with many houses in rows, a few flats and some shopping complexes. Our house in the centre of the street. There is a small park in front of our house. There is a gardener who looks after the park. The park has well cut bushes all around it and trees here and there giving shade to the visitors.
The park is open from 4 p.m. every day. On Sunday, it is open since 6 a.m. in the morning for walkers and children. We go to park every day after school to play and have fun. It is a dwelling place for elders too. Some teenagers come there to read a book or call a friend and have relaxed chat. I love the park. Sometimes I take my comics and drawing books to read and paint.
Every Sunday the park looks like a picnic spot. We have play things like turnstile, merry go round, slide, bells and dens and hiding places to play hide and seek. There are also big structures of animals and people. We can climb them and sit there. y
The park is a place of entertainment, recreation and fun making activities.

6. Your father is interested to join you in swimming, but you are afraid of water.
Write a possible conversation where your father tries to convince you to join swimming.
Answer:
Father: Bunny. Here is an exciting news for you!
Bunny: What is it, Dad?
Father: I would like to join you in swimming classes this summer.
Bunny: Oh, no Dad. I’m afraid of water.
Father: Don’t be silly. You’re a brave boy. Swimming is a very good exercise.
Bunny: But I can’t swim. I may drown in the water.
Father: No boy. There will be a trainer to teach you swimming. Moreover the water is only 5 feet deep.
Bunny: Is it so easy?
Father: The coach will make it easy and comfortable. First you’ll practise with the support of a ring and slowly individually.
Bunny: Are you also accompanying me?
Father: Yes, of course.
Bunny: Then its OK. I shall join the classes from tomorrow.

1. Here is the profie of a great swimmer Virdhawal Khade. Write a biosketch of the great swimmer Virdhawal Khade.
Answer:
Full Name: Virdhawal Vikram Khade
Nickname: Veer
Nationality: Indian
Born: August 29, 1991 (Age 24)
Kolhapur, Maharashtra
Height: 6ft 3″
Weight: 83 kg
Sport: Swimming
Strokes: Free style, Butterfly
Medal record: Swimming, Asian games
Answer:
Biographical Sketch:
Virudhawal Vikram Khade, shortly known as ‘Veer’ is an Indian swimmer, who earned fame and name in swimming world. He was born on 29th August, 1991 in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. He is 24 years old. He was 6 feet 3 inches tall and weighs about 83 kgs.
Vikram Khade was famous in swimming free style and Butterfly strokes in swimming. He participated in Asian games and won medals for the country. We should encourage people with such talent because they are the pride of the nation.

2. Two boys of 13 years went swimming into the nearby river after school hours. They were drowned in the water as they went very far into water. Write a news report on this incident.
Answer:
TWO BOYS DIED IN WATER: PARENTS IN DEEP SORROW
13th September, 20xx, Vijayawada: Two children of 10 years and 11 years of the nearby area at Yanamalakuduru, Vijayawada went into the waters for bath and swimming and lost their lives; reporters said.
Veeraswamy (10 years) and Adidas (11 years) went into the water making fun and swimming after the school hours on Wednesday. While playing, they did not observe going far into the water. Suddenly the speed flowing water pulled swamy. He lost his balance and went along with the water. Adidas who tried to help him also was dragged away by the water, flow. Both of them drowned in the water.
The dead bodies were recovered by the search team. The parents sorrow knew no bounds. The police were reported and they are investigating the case. The local people demanded for some security check in such places where there is hidden danger.
News Reporter The Hindu.

3. Your elder sister is going to be married. You have to attend the marriage function. You have to spend 4 days at home. You cannot attend school these days. Now, write a letter to your class teacher applying for leave of absence for four days.
Answer:

Tenali.
10-3-xx.

To
The Class Teacher,
7th Class, A/S,
Municipal Boys High School,
Tenali.
Respected Sir,
My elder sister’s marriage is going to be celebrated on 20th of this month at Tirupathi. I have to help my parents in making arrangements and I have to attend the marriage function. I have to spend for four days. I cannot attend school these days.
Hence I request you to sanction leave for four days from 18.3.xx to 21.3.xx.

Thanking you sir,

Yours obediently,
x x x x x
Roll No: 23,
VII Class, A/S,
Municipal Boys School,
Tenali.

Vocabulary

1. Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.

1.

After lunch, we hired (a) a taxi for the port. In the evening, we boarded (b) a ship for Port Blair.

2.

It set out (a) after sounding a loud horn. People who had come to see off their friends and relatives cheered (b) them up by waving their hands

3.

Tall buildings, cell towers and factory chimneys began to vanish (a) gradually. After a while, the twinkling lights of Chennai bade us farewell (b).

4.

The Dolphins sprang and dived (a) again and again. It was quite amusing (b).

5.

The crew of the ship was very friendly and courteous (a). They gladly answered all my queries (b) about the ship.

6.

Early in the morning, Mom woke us up to show us the magnificent (a) spectacle of the dawn (b) at the sea.

7.

Only 37 of them are inhabited (a). They have plant, animal and marine life in abundance (b).

8.

Despite this, the islands today look like a miniature (a) India. We saw people of different languages, cultures, and faiths (b) living together happily.

9.

Open creeks (a) running through the park area were a special attraction. We watched coral reefs (b), fishes of different colours and sea turtles through glass-bottom boats.

10.

To our amazement (a), we saw some swimmers diving into the sea from the motor boats. They were dressed in a different way. They put masks (b) on their faces.

11.

We tasted delicious (a) Tandoori fish and other sea foods on the islands. My mouth still waters when I remember those moments. I cherish (b) the memory of the great fun we had.

Answers:
1. a) taken for rent b) to enter, get into
2. a) started b) greeted
3. a) disappear b) good bye
4. a) jump into water from a height b) entertaining
5. a) kind and helpful b) questions
6. a) wonderful b) rising of sun
7. a) living area b) sufficient
8. a) small b) religious belief
9. a) streams b)rocks
10. a) surprise b) a cover to the face
11. a) tasty b) enjoy

2. Write the opposite words to the underlined words in the given paragraph.

1. After lunch, we hired (a) a taxi for the port. In the evening, we boarded (b) a ship for Port Blair.
2. The ship looked much bigger (a) then our school building. It had four storeys. It set out after sounding a loud (b) horn.
3. Tall (a) buildings, cell towers and factory chimneys began to vanish gradually (b).
Soon, everything around us began to look dark (a) and calm (b) but inside the ship it was bright and beautiful.
5. The weather was pleasant (a) on the sea. We saw Dolphins swimming, springing and diving along the ship. It was quite amusing (b).
6. I was curious (a) to know what other people were doing on the ship. So I went around. A few were buying (b) things in the family stores.
7. The crew of the ship were friendly and courteous (a). They gladly (b) answered all my queries about the ship.
8. After a while, we reached an exciting (a) place, the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park. The park was spread over a wide (b) are of 15 islands.
9. A majestic lighthouse greeted us on our arrival (a) at the Havelock island. We felt as if the sandy beaches and greenish-blue sea were warmly (b) welcoming us.
10. In the evening (a) we boarded the ship for Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The ship looked much bigger (b) than our school building.
Answer:
1. a) owned b) alighted
2. a) smaller b) soft
3. a) short b) suddenly
4. a) bright b) noisy
5. a) unpleasant b) boring
6. a) reluctant b) selling
7. a) rude b) sadly
8. a) boring b) narrow
9. a) departure b) harshly
10. a) morning b) smaller

3. Fill in the blanks with the right form of words given in brackets.

1. Soon after the______ (a) (examines/examinations) were over, Mom made ______ (b) (preparations/prepares) for the trip,.
2. Soon everything around us began to look dark and calm but inside the ship it was all bright and ______ (a) (beauty/beautiful). When we closed the windows and doors of our cabin, we did not feel the _______(b) (movement/move) of the ship.
3. The medical staff were busy ________ (a) (treating/treat) the patients suffering mostly from sea ________ (b) (sick/sickness).
4. The crew of the ship were very _______ (a) (friend/friendly) and ________ (b) (courteous/courtesy).
5. Only 37 of them are __________ (a) (inhabitants/inhabited). They have plant, animal and marine life in ________. (b) (abundant/abundance).
6. Open creeks ___________ (a) (mn/running) through the park area wire a special __________ (b) (attraction/attract).
7. A majestic lighthouse greeted us on our ___________ (a) (arrive/arrival) at the Havelock Island. We felt as if the sandy beaches and greenish – blue sea were __________ (b) (warm/warmly) weLcoming us.
8. To our __________ (a) (amaze/amazement), we saw some swimmers diving into the sea from the motor boats. They were dressed in a __________ (b) (different/difference) way.
9. We saw people of___________ (a) (difference/different) languageš, cultures and faiths living together happily. We visited a famous (b) (national/nation) monument.
Answer:
1. a) examinations b) reparations
2. a) beautiful b) movement
3. a) treating b) sickness
4. a) friendly b) courteous
5. a) inhabited b) abundance
6. a) running b) attraction
7. a) arrival b) warmly
8. a) amazement b) different
9. a) different b) national

a) Complete the following words using ai, ea, ee, ei, eo, ie, oa, oo, ou, ui.

1. The ship looked much bigger than our (a) sch _ _ l (b) b _ _ lding.
2. (a) P _ _ ple came to see off their (b) fr _ _ nds and relatives.
3. The day was sunny and the (a) s _ _ was reflecting the (b) cl _ _ ds like a flat mirror.
4. I was surprised to see some in (a) sal _ _ n getting their (b) h _ _ r cut.
5. The medical staff was busy (a) tr _ _ ting the (b) pat _ _ nts suffering mostly from sea-sickness. .
6. The crew of the ship was very (a) fr _ _ ndly and (b) court _ _ us.
7. We watched coral (a) r _ _ fs, fishes arid sea turtles through glass-bottomed (b) b _ _ ts.
8. We felt as if the sandy (a) b _ _ ches and (b) gr _ _ nish blue sea were warmly welcoming us.
9. Some (a) for _ _ gn (b) t _ _ rists on the beaches were basking in the sun.
10. We tasted (a) delici _ _ s Tandoori fish and other (b) s _ _ foods on the islands.
11. After a while, we (a) r _ _ ched an exciting place, the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National park. The park was spread over a wide area of 15 islands. Open creeks running through the park area were a (b) spec _ _ l attraction.
Answer:
1. a) school b) building
2. a) People b) friends
3. a) sea b) clouds
4. a) saloon b) hair
5. a) treating b) patients
6. a) friendly b) courteous
7. a) reefs b) boats
8. a) beaches b) greenish
9. a) foreign b) tourists
10. a) delicious b) seafoods
11. a) reached b) special

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1) The day was (a) sun ____ (y/ny) and the sea was (b) reflec (ting/tting) the clouds like a flat mirror.
2) The (a) medi ____ (cal/cel) staff was busy treating the patients (b) suffer ____ (ing/ring) mostly from sea-sickness.
3) The crew of the ship was very (a) friend ____ (ily/ly) and (b) courte ____ (ous/aus).
4) We learnt that the (a) inhabit ____ (ents/ants) of the islands were the (b) aborigin ____ (el/al) tribes.
5) We visited a (a) fam ____ (ous/aus) national (b) monu ____ (ment/ mant).
6) Open creeks (a) run ____ (ing/ning) through park area were a special (b) attrac____(ssion/tion).
7) We felt as if the sandy beaches and (a) green ____ (ich/ish) blue sea were warmly (b) welcom ____ (ing/eing) us.
8) To our (a) amaze____ (mant/ment), we saw some (b) swim ____ (mers/mars) diving into the sea from the motor boats.
9) A (a) majest ____ (ick/ic) lighthouse greeted uson our (b) arri ____ (val/vel) at the Havelock Island.
10) a) It was quite amus ____ (eing/ing).
b) They have plant. animal and marine life in aban____ (dance/dence).
Answer:
1. a) sunny b) reflection
2. a) medical b) suffering
3. a) friendly b) courteous
4. a) inhabitants b) aboriginal
5. a) famous b) monument
6. a) running b) attraction.
7. a) greenish b) welcoming
8. a) amazement b) swimmers
9. a) majestic b) arrival
10. a) amusing b abundance

c) Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling.
1. beach; cureas; majestic; beneath
2. enjoying; adventure; riding; costline
3. masks; jolyride; remember; payment
4. borded; chimneys; movement; swimming
5. medical; suffer; coridors; beautiful
Answer:
1) curious
2) coastline
3) jollyride
4) boarded
5) corridors

Put under correct headings.
A.

Answer:

B.

Answer:

C.

Answer:

A) Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of words given in the brackets.
1. The gardener ___________ the plants every day. The plants grew well with the _________ (water).
2. Arjuna _________ an arrow at the bird.. The Guru praised him for the perfect _________ (shoot).
3. Naveen was __________ to know his result. His __________ grew when he heard about the outcome of results. (curious)
4. John _________ the TV many times. But the TV comes for __________ very frequently. (repair)
5. Water is _________ . But milk cannot be _________ (reverse).
Answer:
1) watered; water
2) shot; shot
3) curious; curiosity
4) repaired; repair
5) reversible; reversed

B) Pick out phrasal verbs beginning with ‘give’, and make sentences of your own.

1. …………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………..
4. …………………………………………..
Answer:
1. give up (stop) – I gave up coffee.
2. give in (put in) – Lata gave in a lot of effort for the exams.
3. give to (inclined to) – The bank gives loan to the govt’s approval.
4. give out (stop doing) – The old woman gives out and helping hand for the poor and needy as she was bankrupt.

Grammar

1. Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. We had been longed (a) to make a trip toAndaman; and Dad makes (b) it possible for we (c) during the last summer holidaze (d).
2. In the evening, we borded (a) a ship for Port Blair, the capital at (b) the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The ship looks (c) much bigger than our school building. It have (d) four storeys.
3. People who had come to see at (a) their friends and relatives cheered them up for (b) waving there (c) hands. My sister Am ala and I too wave (d) our hands while Mom and Dad smiled at us.
4. On the second day, we come (a) to know that we were down (b) the middle of the sea. The whether (c) was pleasant on the sea. The day was sun (d) and the sea was reflecting the clouds.
5. The medical staff were (a) busy treating the patients suffered (b) from sea-sick (c). The sanitary workers were on their job of keeping the cabins, corridoors (d) and toilets neat and clean.
6. We learnt that the inhabitance (a) of the islands were the aboriginal tribes. Some for (b) them lived far away from the civil (c) society. Despite this, the islands today looked (d) like a miniature India.
7. Open creeks running around (a) the park area were a speciality (b) attraction. We watched coral reefs, fishes by (c) different colours and sea turtles through glass-bottom (d) boats.
8. To our amazing (a), we saw some swimmers dived (b) into the sea from the motor boats. They were dressing (c) in this (d) different way.
9. Once upon a time there lived a farmer and his four daughters in an (a) village. The farmer became old out (b) sick. He wanted to teacher (c) a lesson to his daughters. He called them to him (d) bedside.
10. English is not an (a) difficult language to learn. If we learned (b) it systematically, we can learn it easily. English grammar but (c) spelling are difficult. So we have to learn it (d) carefully.
Answer:
1. a) longing b) made c) US d) holidays
2. a) boarded b) of c) looked d) had
3. a) off b) by c) their d) waved
4. a) came b) in c) weather cl) sunny
5. a) was b) suffering c) sea sickness d) corridors
6. a) iuhabitants b) of c) civilized d) look
7. a) through b) special c) of d) glass-bottomed
8. a) amazement b) diving c) dressed d) a
9. a) a b) and c) reach d) his
10. a) a b) learn e) and d) them

2. Complete the passage choosing the right words from those given below. Each blank is numbered and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) in the blanks.

1. We visited ________ (1) beach ________ (2) Elephant Beach. To ______ (3) amazement, we ________ (4) some swimmers diving into the sea from the motor boats.
1) A) an B) a C) the D) for
2) A) call B) called C) calling D) calls
3) A) our B) your C) their D) his
4) A) see B) few C) along D) saw
Answer:
1-C; 2-B; 3-A; 4-D

2. They ______ (1) to watch ______ (2) coral reefs and beautiful coloured fishes and sea turtles.
They stay _________ (3) a long time beneath the sea _________ (4) swim along with them.
1) A) wanted B) want C) wants D) are wanting
2) A) the B) a C) their D) those
3) A) by B) in C) of D) for
4) A) but B) or C) and D) because
Answer:
1-B; 2-A; 3-D; 4-C

3. My sister Amala and I _________ (1) a jolly ride _________ (2) the elephant. _________ (3) tasted delicious Tandoon fish and other seafoods on the islands. My mouth still ____ (4) when I remember those moments.
1) A) enjoy B) enjoying C) enjoyed D) will enjoy
2) A) on B) in C) near D) through
3) A) I B) We C) They D) It
4) A) waters B) water C) watered D) is watering
Answer:
1-C; 2-A; 3-B; 4-C

4. The park was spread ________ (1) a wide area of 15 islands. Open creeks ________ (2) through the park area were _________ (3) special attraction. We _________ (4) coral reefs, fishes of different colours and sea turtles.
1) A) in B) around C) over D) by
2) A) running B) runs C) ran D) will run
3) A) a B) the C) of D) other
4) A) watch B) are watching C) watches D) watched
Answer:
1-C; 2-A; 3-A; 4-D

5. Rajani is studying seventh dass. She is a_________ (1) student. Šhe plays tennis every day.
Last year _________ (2) won a first prize in inter-school junior tennis competitions. Her father is ______ (3) artist. Her mother _________ (4) in a factory.
1. A) clever B) cleverness C) cleverest D) best
2. A) he B) they C) she D) we
3. A) a B) an C) the D) one
4. A) works B) work C) was worked D) is worked
Answer:
1-A; 2-C; 3-B; 4-A;

6. A poor man was walking through ________ (1) forest. He saw a ________ (2) tiger which _________ (3) a gold bracelet wfth him. The tiger asked the poor man to take the bracelet. The poor man believed _________ (4) cunning words. Hë went near th tiger to take the bracelet. The tiger jumped at him and killed him.
1. A) a B) an C) the D) any
2. A) hunger B) hungry C) hungrily D) hungerly
3. A) had B) has C) have D) having
4. A) him B) his C) them D) their
Answer:
1-A; 2-E; 3-A; 4-B

A) Choose the right answer from the choices given.

1. Will you call me before you leave? ( )
A) seeking permission
B) making a suggestion
C) making a request
D) making an after
Answer:
C) making a request

2. How about going for a movie tonight? ( )
A) asking a question
B) making an offer
C) seeking permission
D) making a suggestion
Answer:
D) making a suggestion

B) Combining the following sentences using “If”.
i) Spare the red, spoil the child.
ii) Finish the exercise. Then only you can leave the class.
Answer:
i) If you spare the rod, you’ll spoil the child.
ii) If you finish the exercise, you can leave the class.

C) Fill in the blanks with simple past tense or past continuous tense of verbs.
1. They ——– for the bus when the rain ——–. (wait, fall)
2. The children ——– the cartoon show when Dad ——–. (watch, come)
3. Raju ——– ill because he ——– icecream. (fall, eat)
4. We ——– a movie before father ——–. (plan, arrive)
5. Sheetal ——– a cake when the child ——– up. (prepare, wake)
Answer:
1. were waiting, fell
2. were watching, came
3. fell, ate
4. planned, arrived
5. was preparing, woke

D) Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. We ——– a programme when the lights ——–. (watch, go off)
2. Sobha and Sumanth ——– with each other when the teacher ——– the class. (fight, enter)
Answer:
1. were watching, went off
2. were fighting, entered

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 4 Water

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson Water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where do we get water from?
Answer:
We get water from rivers, ponds, lakes, canals and borewells.

Question 2.
For what purpose do we need water?
Answer:
We need water to perform day to day activities like cooking food, washing clothes, cleaning utensils, bathing etc.

Question 3.
Name the two processes responsible for the formation of clouds.
Answer:
Two processes are responsible for the formation of clouds.

1. Evaporation
2. Condensation

Question 4.
Write any natural disasters that are related to water.
Answer:

1. Floods
2. Tsunami
3. Drought

Question 5.
Give some examples of fruits and vegetables that contain more water.
Answer:
Vegetables: Cucumber, tomato, bottle gourd, snake gourd, etc.
Fruits: Watermelon, lemon, orange, muskmelon, mango, etc.

Question 6.
What are the main water sources in villages?
Answer:
In villages wells, canals, tanks, ponds, rivers, etc. are the main water sources.

Question 7.
What are juicy fruits ? Give examples.
A. The fruits that contains more water are called juicy fruits. Ex : Watermelon, grapes, orange, muskmelon. .

Question 8.
What are the forms of water?
Answer:
There are three forms of water in nature. They are
Ice (Solid form), Water (Liquid form) arid Water vapour (Gaseous form)

Question 9.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
The process of water changing into water vapour is called evaporation.

Question 10.
What is a cloud?
Answer:
The water vapour which enters into air through the process of evaporation forms clouds in the sky. .

Question 11.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water vapour into water is called condensation.

Question 12.
When does a drought occur?
Answer:
If there is no rain for a long period, it may cause drought.

Question 13.
What are hailstones?
Answer:
Big drops of water solidify into ice and fall as pieces of ice known as hailstones.

Question 14.
What do you understand by the word ‘Precipitation’?
Answer:
The kind of weather condition where rain, snow, sleet or hail fall from the sky is called precipitation.

Question 15.
Define the Hydrological cycle.
Answer:
The circulation of water between the earth surface and air is called the Hydrological cycle or water cycle.

Question 16.
What are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle?
Answer:
Deforestation and pollution are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle.

Question 17.
What happens if there is less rainfall or too much rainfall?
Answer:
If there is less rainfall its results in droughts or water scarcity and too much rainfall results in floods.

Question 18.
Name the drought-prone districts in Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Ananthapur, Kadapa and Kurnool are drought-prone districts in AP.

Question 19.
Fill the blanks with suitable answers.
A → Water → B
Answer:
A. Ice,
B. water vapour

Question 20.
What is the specific measurement of volume for liquids?
Answer:
Water and other liquids are measured in litres.

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is evaporation? What its importance in our life?
Answer:

• Evaporation is the process of water changing into water by applying heat.
• Evaporation of water helps the atmosphere to provide moisture.
• It helps in the formation of clouds.
• It cools our body from the sweat.

Question 2.
Write the situations of evaporation that we see in our daily life?
Answer:
We observe evaporation by the following situations in our daily life.

• Wet clothes drying under the sun.
• Hot tea getting cold.
• Drying of mopped floor.
• Drying of lakes and rivers
• In the preparation of salt from the sea.
• Grains and fishes dry under the sun.
• In the formation of clouds.

Question 3.
What is the importance of water in our daily life?
Answer:

• Our body needs water to maintain temperature and bodily functions.
• Water helps in digestion of food.
• Water helps to removal of toxins from the body.
• It improves skin moisture.

Question 4.
How do you appreciate the people who dicing a well?
Answer:

• Tapping of ground water by digging a well is tough job.
• The place where the well is to be dug is selected first.
• Workers using cow bars and spades begin to remove the soil at that place.
• The process of digging continues till water in the underground found.

Question 5.
How can you say that three forms of water are interchangeable?
Answer:

• Water is available naturally in three forms as ice, water and water vapour.
• When ice is heated it converts into water and if water is heated it turns into water vapour,
• Where water vapour is cooled it converts into water. If water cooled further, we will get ice.
• So, we can say that three forms of water are interchangeable.
  

Question 6.
Explain how the evaporation takes place.
Answer:

• If water is gently heated, it will become warm and vapour is produced.
• If we heat more it .starts boiling and converts completely into water vapour.
• The amount of heat absorbed by water affects its evaporation.
• If water is heated more, it will evaporate more.

Question 7.
What is the relation between rains arid clouds?
Answer:

• Clouds are formed by evaporation of water.
• When water vapour rises in the sky it forms clouds.
• The clouds are coolecl by cool breeze.
• Then the water present in the clouds condense and they become heavy and descend towards the earth as rain.

Question 8.
Why don’t all clouds cause rain?
Answer:

• The clouds moving in the air are generally at higher levels.
• The cool breeze along with the air makes the clouds cooler.
• Due to this water vapour condenses and causes rain.
• When the warmer air touches the clouds, it makes the water evaporate easily. So that that clouds cannot cause rain.

Question 9.
You might have observed a small dew-drops appeared on grass and leaves of plants. From where do these water-drops came on the leaves and grass?
Answer:

• During the winter season due to low temperature, the fog in the air settle on the grass and plants.
• Due to the transpiration process water is also evaporate through stomata. It also condensed to form fog.
• This fog condensed into tiny droplets of water which is called as dew.
• We can observe this dew only in the early hours of the day.

Question 10.
Have you observed in your daily life where water vapour changes into water? List out them.
Answer:
Yes. Here are the following situations where water vapour changes into water.

• Dew forming on grass and plants in early morning.
• Eye glasses fogging up in a cold winter day.
• Water drops forming a glass holding a cool drink or ice cream.
• Cooked food lid get water drops when the vessel cooled.

Question 11.
What changes do you notice in the sky and in the atmosphere before it rains?
Answer:

• Before the rain the sky becomes dark due to the condensation of the water or the formation of clouds.
• The atmosphere becomes very humid so that we feel so suffocated.
• The sky is covered with rainy clouds and cool wind.
• Some times thundering and sparkling may be occurring.

Question 12.
What are the types of monsoons?
Answer:
There are two types of monsoons in India.
1. South-West monsoon 2. North-East mortsoon

1. South-West monsoon: During the months of June to September clouds are moving along with the winds blowing from western direction. These winds are called SouthWest Monsoon.
2. North-East monsoon: In the months of November and December rains occur due to the movement of clouds in the direction of winds blowing from Eastern side. These winds are called North-East monsoon

Question 13.
How the rain water restores in water sources?
Answer:

• Water that comes from rainfall runs down as small streams.
• These small streams join together and make bigger streams.
• These bigger streams join the rivers.
• The rivers flow down to seas and oceans.
• Some of the rain water seeps into the ground and becomes ground water.

Question 14.
Prepare slogans on Water Conservation.
Answer:

• Water is gift from the creator. Protect it!
• Do the earth a favour- Be a saver.
• Save the water and save the life on the earth.
• Water is essence of life, save rain water.

Question 15.
What precautions do you follow to prevent the water scarcity?
Answer:

• Educate the people to change consumption of water and their life styles.
• Recycle the waste water.
• By following the water management techniques.
• Improve irrigation and agricultural practises
• By following water conservation methods such as rain water harvesting etc.

Question 16.
Which departments serve in natural disaster condition?
Answer:

• National Disaster Relief Force, State Disaster Relief Force, local fire, Health, Police and Revenue department helps the victims of natural disaster.
• Military also participate in relief activities of natural disaster.

Question 17.
What are the reasons for water scarcity?
Answer:
The main reasons for water scarcity are

• Population explosion
• Uneven distribution of rainfall
• Decline of ground water table
• Pollution of water
• Careless use of water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why the rainy season important for us?
Answer:

• In India, the rainy season is known as Monsoon.
• The season lasts in India for about 3-4 months.
• Indian population mainly depends on agriculture.
• So, the harvesting is largely depending on the quality of rain.
• The rainy season also significant to maintain groundwater levels.
• All the living and non-living things directly of indirectly depend upon the rainy season.
• The monsoon provides us to collect the runoff water by different methods of rainwater harvesting.
• The rains help to replenish the freshwater which is essential for life on the planet.

Question 2.
What are the main types of precipitation? Explain.
Answer:
There are four main types of precipitation. They are rain, sleet, snow and hail.

1. Rain: Water droplets fall when the air temperature is above freezing.
2. Sleet: This occurs when raindrops fall through freezing air, then they turn into pellets of ice.
3. Snow: When the water vapour passes through the very cold air, the water vapour crystallizes and forms snowflakes.
4. Hail: These forms when thunderstorm winds push water back up into the atmosphere. The water turns into ice coated with more water and pushed up to freeze again.

Question 3.
Classify the uses of water in three groups. Uses in a house or a family, for agriculture purposes and others.
Answer:

• Uses of water in a house: For drinking, bathing, washing, cleaning of vessels, toilets etc.
• For agriculture: Water is essential for germination of seeds, irrigation of crops,
• Others: Water helps to maintain our body temperature constant.
  Water is used to generate electricity.
  Water is used in many industries.

Question 4.
Write briefly about the water sources.
Answer:
Water is mainly available in three forms. 1. Ice 2. Water 3. Water vapour
1. Ice:

• It is a solid form of water. Snow occurs naturally.
• It is present in snow-covered mountains, glaciers and polar regions.
• 10% of the land area is covered with glaciers.

2. Water:

• It is a liquid form of water.
• 3/4 th of the earth surface is covered with water.
• It was present in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and even underground.
• Seawater is salty. But water used by us in our daily purpose is not salty. It is known as freshwater.
• 3% of freshwater is available on earth.

3. Water vapour: The gaseous form of water. It was present in the atmosphere is 0.01%.

Question 5.
How the floods affect human life?
Answer:
Too much rainfall causes floods.
The immediate impacts of flooding include the following:

• Loss of human life,
• Damage to property,
• Destruction of crops,
• Loss of livestock,
• Deterioration of health conditions due to water-borne diseases,
• Destruction of power plants, roads and bridges,
• People forced to leave their own homes,
• Disruption of supply of clean water, transport, electricity, communicating etc.

Question 6.
What are the causes of the droughts? How it affects human life?
Answer:

• When a rainfall is less than normal for a long period of years for a particular region results in drought.
• Deforestation and pollution from factories lead to global warming.
• Global warming changes the atmospheric conditions which are not favourable for clouds to get cooled.
• Consequently, it leads to a decrease the rainfall.

It effects of Human life:

• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.
• Drinking water is scarce.
• People need to travel long distances to collect water.
• The soil becomes dry, agriculture and cultivation become difficult.
• Many people who depend on farming for their livelihood, migrate to other places in search of jobs.
• There is a higher incidence of heatstroke.
• Economic loss and reduced income.

Question 7.
What are the methods of water conservation? Write about water management in briefly.
Answer:
There are mainly two methods followed by us to conserve the water.
1. Water management 2. Rainwater harvesting
1. Water management: Water management consists of the following factors.
a) Bringing awareness about the bad effects of throwing wastes into the water bodies
b) Recycling of water by separating pollutants.
c) Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. It reduces the pollution of underground water.
d) Controlling deforestation.
e) Adopting drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in agriculture. In this way, a lesser amount of water can be used for irrigation.

Question 8.
Write about the water conservation method of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
Direct collection and use of rainwater is called rainwater harvesting There are two types of rainwater harvesting.
a) Collecting water from where it falls.
Ex: Collecting water from the rooftops of the houses or buildings (Roof water harvesting)
b) Collecting flowing rainwater.
Ex: Collecting rainwater by constructing ponds with bund.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 8 How Fabrics are Made

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are natural fibres? Give examples?
Answer:
The fibres which are deriving from plants and animals are called natural fibres.
Ex: cotton, wool, silk, jute, coir, etc.

Question 2.
What are Artificial fibres? Give examples?
Answer:
The fibres which are deriving from chemicals are artificial fibres or synthetic fibres. Ex : – Polyester, polythene, Nylon, Rayon, etc.

Question 3.
What is fibre?
Answer:
Small strand-like structures are called fibres.

Question 4.
What is weaving?
Answer:
Making fabric from yarn is called weaving.

Question 5.
How can you remove wrinkles from our dress?
Answer:
By ironing, we can remove wrinkles from our dress.

Question 6.
How are clothes useful to us?
Answer:
1) The clothes are used as a shield to protect ourselves from different weather conditions.
2) Along with protection, clothes can also be a symbol of beauty and status.

Question 7.
Which fabric is used in making banners and book bindings?
Answer:
Calico is a type of fabric used in making banners and book bindings.

Question 8.
Which fibre is known as golden fibres?
Answer:
Jute.

Question 9.
Which state is the highest produces of Jute in India?
Answer:
West Bengal.

Question 10.
Why should we use cloth bags instead of polythene bags?
Answer:
To protect our environment we should use cloth bags instead of polythene bags.

Question 11.
Which type of fabrics dries in a short time?
Answer:
Artificial fabrics dry in a short time.

Question 12.
Why seeds are removing from cotton balls?
Answer:
Cotton seeds are removing from cotton balls to make an even and uniform fabric.

Question 13.
Why we spin the fibres in order to make yarn?
Answer:
Fibres are very thin and weak we twist them together to make them strong thick and long.

Question 14.
Which material is used for making gunny bags and why?
Answer:
Jute fibres are used for making gunny bags. Because they are strong and can hold heavy loads.

Question 15.
Name the two types of looms?
Answer:
Handlooms and power loom.

Question 16.
Name the two simple devices used for spinning?
Answer:
Spindle (Takli) and Charaka.

Question 17.
Name the person who made the Charaka popular during the Independence movement?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 18.
Where is the coconut industry well developed in India?
Answer:
The coconut industry is mainly well developed in the states of Kerala* Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

Question 19.
Which area is famous for Kalamkari Textiles?
Answer:
Machilipatnam and Pedana are famous for Kalamkari textiles.

Question 20.
Which city is famous for the carpet industry?
Answer:
Machilipatnam.

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
While purchasing your dress what doubts would you want to clarify from the shopkeepers?
Answer:

• What type of washing does it need?
• Will it absorb the sweat of the body?
• Does the cloth provide free airflow to the body?
• What is the durability of cloth?

Question 2.
How can different fabrics be used?
Answer:

• Our purpose and the priority of fabric together determine which type of fabric to be used.
• Coarse fabrics can be used for mopping and making gunny bags but not for making clothes.
• Some fabrics have to be considered for choosing curtain fabrics.
• The calico fabric used to make banners and bookbinding.

Question 3.
Where is the handloom industry well developed in our state?
Answer:

• The handloom industry is very well developed in our state.
• Places like Venkatagiri, Narayanapeta, Dharmavaram, Mangalagiri and Kothakota are famous for handloom industries.
• Pedana and Machilipatnam are famous for kalamkari.
• Machilipatnam is also famous for the carpet industry.

Question 4.
Where is child labour working? Why are they forced into labour? How can you eradicate child labour?
Answer:

• In agricultural works, where cotton is widely grown, their child labourers are working.
• To pick up maturing cotton bolls from cotton plants, children work in field as child labourers.
• Some parents to get additional income through their children are putting them as child labourers.
• Some organizations are working against child labourers and sending them back to schools.

Question 5.
What are the uses of coir?
Answer:

• The coconut coir industry is one of the rural industry in India.
• The coir is still used for agricultural and domestic purposes, and controlling landslide or soil erosion.
• Brown coir is used in brushes, doormats, mattresses and for making sacks.

Question 6.
What are different clothes used in ancient times by human beings?
Answer:

• Human beings in ancient times use leaves and skins of animals as clothes.
• Clothes were also made from metal Warriors used to wear a metal jacket during wars.
• You can see clothes like these in historical museums are in television shows.

Question 7.
What are the uses of the gunny bags?
Answer:

• Paddy, Chilli and other commercial crops are packed in gunny bags.
• All bags of those types are made up of coarse Jute fabric.
• These bags are suitable for carrying heavy materials.

Question 8.
How do you prepare strong yarn from cotton boll? Describe the activity yam perform?
Answer:

• The yarn that we make from cotton wool is not strong enough to be used for weaving.
• To get strong yarn from fibre, a spindle (takli) an instrument for spinning has been used since olden days.
• Charaka is also used to make yarn.
• The process of making yarn from fibre is called spinning.
  

Question 9.
How yarn is used to make fabric?
Answer:

• The yarn that is prepared from the fibre is used to make fabric.
• Strands of yarn are arranged in vertical and horizontal rows in a Loom to weave fabric.
• The spinning of yarn on large scale is now done by using machines.
• Two sets of yarn arranged together to make the fabric is called weaving.
• Weaving is done on looms, the looms that work with the help of man are called Handlooms. Power looms are run by a machine.
  

Question 10.
How do you make cotton yarn?
Answer:

1. Cotton is usually picked by hands. Cotton wool is separated from seeds. This process is called ginning.
2. Cotton fibre is collected after removing the seeds from the cotton boll.
3. This cotton fibre is cleaned, washed and combed.
4. After combed its is spun to make cotton yarn.

Question 11.
How do you get jute yarn?
Answer:

1. Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant.
2. The stem of the harvested plant is cut and immersed in water for some days.
3. When the stem is soaked in water it becomes rotten and easy to peel.
4. Then the fibres are separated from the stem to get jute yarn.

Question 12.
Where do we use jute yarn?
Answer:

1. Paddy, chilli and other commercial crops are packed in gunny bags.
2. All bags of these types are made up of coarse jute fabric.
3. These bags are suitable for carrying heavy material.
4. Jute fibre is obtained from stem of jute plant.

Question 13.
Where do we find the handloom industry in our state?
Answer:

1. The handloom industry is well developed in our state.
2. Places like Uppftda, Venkatagiri, Dharmavaram, Pondhuru, Chirala and Mangalagiri are famous for the handloom industry.
3. Kalamkari is a type of hand-printed cotton textile.
4. Machilipatnam, Pedana are famous for Kalamkari. Machilipatnam is also famous for its carpet industry.

Question 14.
Draw a flow chart to explain the process from fiber to fabric?
Answer:

Question 15.
Write about the coconut industry?
Answer:

1. The coconut coir industry is one of the rural industry in India.
2. It is located mainly in the states like Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.
3. It provides a source of income to about 5 lakhs of artisans in rural areas.
4. Women constitute about 80% of the workforce in coir industry.

Question 16.
Draw a flow chart about coconut products?
Answer:

Question 17.
Write the uses of coir?
Answer:

1. Coir has come a long way from the ancient uses.
2. It is still used for agricultural and domestic purposes and to control landslide or soil erosion.
3. Coir is also used as a substrate to grow mushrooms.
4. Brown coir is used in brushes, doormats, mattresses and for making sacks.

Question 18.
What are the types of fibres?
Answer:

1. The fibres of some fabrics such as cotton, jute are obtained from plants. Silk and wool are obtained from animals. The fibres that are derived from plants and animals are natural fibres.
2. Nowadays, clothes are also made up of chemically developed yarn like polyester, terylene, nylon, acrylic etc. These are all called artificial fibres.

Question 19.
Why should we use cloth bags instead of plastic bags?
Answer:
We all use polythene bags for different purposes. Polythene is very difficult to decompose. To protect our environment. We should use cloth bags instead of polythene bags.

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you make cotton yarn and fibres?
Answer:

• Collect some cotton balls from nearby houses or cotton fields.
• Remove the seeds from cotton balls and separate cotton.
• Take a small piece of cotton and observe it under a microscope.
• We will observe small tiny hairy structures called fibres.
• Removing of seeds from cotton is called ginning.
• These fibres are cleaned, washed and combed.
• These fibres are twisted together to make yarn.
• Now these yarns are dyed and coated with chemicals.
• Then they become strong enough to make fabrics.
  

Question 2.
How do you identify the fibres in fabric? Describe the procedure.
Answer:

• Take a fabric piece. With the help of a magnifying lense, observe how the fabric is
• Pull out threads one by one from the fabric.
  
• Take one thread, scratch its end and observe it through a magnifying lens.
• We can observe small tiny long structures called fibres.
• These fibres are twisted together to form yarn
• By using of these yarn on handlooms or powerlooms the workers are making the cotton fabrics.
  Fibre → Yarn → Fabric

Question 3.
What are the factors involved in the selection of a fabric?
Answer:

• The fabrics protect us from different weather conditions.
• Along with protection clothes are also be a symbol of beauty and status.
• Choice of fabric may vary from person to person.
• Some may like to wear clothes made up of light, thin, shiny fabrics.
• Another person may like to wear clothes that are brightly coloured and made of coarse fabrics.
• Fabrics for casual and formal wear may be different.
• Personal choice, the personality of the owner and the cost of the fabric are all important factors in the selection of perfect fabric.

Question 4.
How do you make a mat with coconut leaves?
Answer:

• Take coconut leaves or two colour paper strips.
• Cut and remove the middle vein of the leaf to get two halves.
• Now put these strips parallel to each other.
• Take one more strips and insert horizontally and alternately between the vertical strips.
• Finally, you will get a sheet-like structure. This is the way a mat is prepared.

Question 5.
What do you observe in gunny yarn? Compare Jute yarn with other yarns?
Answer:

• Collect gunny bags, pull out the threads from the bag and observe under magnifying lens.
• We will see strands of yarn.
• We can compare these fibres with cotton fibres.
• In the same way fibre is made from Red sorrel (Gongura) and bamboo.
• Hemp and flax also plant fibres that are used in making clothes but in smaller quantities as compared to cotton.
• Like cotton, jute yarn is also useful in making fabric.
• It is also called Golden fabric.
• Jute fabrics is not the same as cotton fabric. It is harder, stronger and rougher.

Question 6.
People dress up according to the season. The earth’s revolution is responsible for the changing seasons. Complete the following table.

S.No.	Season	Months	Climate	Clothes we wear
1.	Rainy
2.	Winter
3.	Summer

Answer:

S.No.	Season	Months	Climate	Clothes we wear
1.	Rainy	June – Sep	More humid, Rains	Polyester, PVC
2.	Winter	Oct – Jan	Very cool	Wool, Polyester, Nylon Etc
3.	Summer	Feb – May	Very hot	Cotton

 

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 1C The New Blue Dress Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 1C The New Blue Dress

7th Class English Chapter 1C The New Blue Dress Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What kind of street was Gates Avenue at the beginning of the story?
(Or)
What was Gates Avenue ? How was it at the beginning of the story?
Answer:
Gates Avenue was a part of the city of Cleveland. At the beginning of the story, it was dirty and ugly. It had no pavement, no running water facility and no street lighting. It was noisy also because of the nearby railway-track.

Question 2.
What happened to the Gates Avenue by the end of the story?
Answer:
By the end of the story the Gates Avenue had a good pavement, streetlight on the corner and running water facility. The houses were painted’and the surroundings were clean.

Question 3.
Why do you think the teacher gave the blue dress to the little girl?
Answer:
The teacher saw the little girl wearing the same dress over months. She understood that the little girl most probably had no other dress to wear. She was kind and sympathetic. She took pity on the little girl. So she gave her the new blue dress.

Question 4.
What change did the new blue dress bring in the little girl’s house?
Answer:
The little girl’s parents decided to keep the house and the surroundings clean. The girl’s mother put a cloth on the kitchen table. She washed the kitchen floor. Her husband repaired the fence. He made a garden with the help of the members of his family.

Question 5.
How did the change in the little girl’s house influence the neighbours?
Answer:
The neighbours watched the change in the little girl’s house. They too painted their houses and kept them clean.

The New Blue Dress Summary in English

A small good act of a person can make others good. It can change the entire complexion of the surroundings. The present story ‘The New Blue Dress” illustrates this.

Gates Avenue was a short and dirty street in Cleveland. The inhabitants of that street were poor. They never tried to improve their living conditions and better their standard of living. There was no tap water supply in Gates Avenue. There were no street lights. There was also no good pavement.

There was a little girl studying in a school in Gates Avenue. She used to wear the same dress during the spring because she had no other dress to wear. Her parents were too poor to buy a pair of new dress to her.

One day the teacher advised the little girl to keep, at least, her face clean. The girl washed her face clean and came to the class the next morning. She looked more beautiful and tidier. The teacher was pleased. She gave the girl a new blue dress. Her parents saw her in her new blue dress and they were also highly pleased. Since then the members of the family started keeping everything clean and tidy. They washed the floor, repaired the fence and made a garden. The neighbours also followed the same. The surroundings were kept clean. They painted their houses.

After a few days, a young minister of a church passed that way. With his help Gates Avenue got a good pavement, tap-water supply and a street light on the corner.

Within six months Gates Avenue was completely changed. It turned into a neat street where respectable citizens lived.

The new blue dress presented by a teacher to a poor girl could change the entire dirty street into a neat one. So we learn from this incident “A good act shall never go unrewarded”.

The New Blue Dress Glossary

running water: water coming from the main supply when taps are turned on

pavement (n): footpath

excitement (n): strong feeling

amazed (adj): filled with great wonder

decent (adj): respectable

community (n): people living in the same locality who are considered as a unit

organise (v): to arrange/to make preparation

campaigns (n): a series of planned activities to do something

spring (n): the season of flower, tender leaves and fruit

rail road (n): railway line

dirt (n): dust

probably (adv): perhaps

polite (adj): good mannered

untidy (adj): unclean

tidy (adj): neat/good looking

eagerly (adv): anxiously

rushed home: went home quickly

supper (n): night meal

watch: observe keenly

fence (n): the barrier

minister of a church (n): a priest

deserve: worthy to have

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 1B The Town Child & The Country Child Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 1B The Town Child & The Country Child

7th Class English Chapter 1B The Town Child & The Country Child Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Where does the town child want to live?
Answer:
The town child wants to live in a country.

Question 2.
Why is there smoke in the towns?
Answer:
There is smoke in the towns because there are buses and motors and trams, plying often.

Question 3.
There is one thing that the town child loves. What is it?
Answer:
The town child loves the sky which is far above.

Question 4.
“There is no one to play with at all”. This sentence means
a) there are no people in villages.
b) there are no players in villages.
c) the villages have lesser population than the towns.
Answer:
b) There are no players in villages.

Question 5.
What is the wish of the country child?
Answer:
The country child’s wish is that he lived in a town.

Question 6.
Which child is able to watch meadows and lambs?
Answer:
The country child is able to watch meadows and iambs.

Question 7.
Why are the lanes in the country so quiet?
Answer:
The lanes in the country are so quiet because they are not crowded with traffic and feet.

Question 8.
Why are nights colourful in towns?
Answer:
Nights are colourful in towns because of the bright and twinkling streets. There are electric lights at night in towns.

Question 9.
Pick out the rhyming words from both the poems.
The first one is done for you.

go	row
hear
bright
blue
hours
near

Answer:
The rhyming words from the poems are:

Question 10.
If you were given an option to live in a town or a country, where would you prefer to live? Give reasons for your option.
Answer:
I would prefer to live in a country. I like the greenery there. It is a pollution free place. People are innocent and courteous. It is always quiet and calm. Hence I like to live in a village.

Project

Conduct a Survey

Study the following questionnaire and discuss the points in small groups.

Contact people in your School/your locality and put these questions to them. Collect information by ticking in the relevant column.

Analyse the results in the group and write a brief report on the result of your survey.
Use phrases such as the following:
Most people think that ……………………………….
A few people think that ……………………………….
Hardly anyone thinks that ……………………………….
No one thinks that ……………………………….

THE REPORT

Most people think that home is a place where they feel secure and happy. Some people- not many-think that you can be alone at home if you choose to be. A large number of people feel that they can keep all their things at home. Almost everyone agreed that home is the place where we can bring up a family. A considerable number of persons opine that one can invite friends and relatives to home. Only a very few persons agree to the idea that one can make a noise or do whatever one likes at home. A great part of the participants are of the view that one can be at peace at home. Many people contribute to the point that home is the place where we look after parents and exchange love.

The Town Child & The Country Child Summary in English

The Town Child
The town child lives in a street full of buses, cars, producing a lot of noise and discharging smoke. The boy wishes to have meadows and lambs around. He hates those rows of houses filled with noises. He loves to have woods near. The only thing he loves in the town is the blue sky. He says the sky alone has room for him and lots of clouds.

The Country Child
The country child lives close to a wood. The streets are quiet. The lanes are not crowded. The boy wants players all around. The trees are too tall and the boy feels lonely. He has the company of just birds and flowers. He wishes to have a home in a town. He loves to watch trams all around. He longs to see colourful lights glitter at nights. He prays to have town life.

The Town Child & The Country Child Glossary

feet (n): (here) people who walk in streets

tram (s): an electric vehicle that transports people in cities

meadow (n): a field with grass and often wild flowers

castle (n): a large strong building

lane (n): a narrow road in the countryside or, in a town

twinkling (adj): shining strongly and then weakly

woods (pl.n): an area of trees, smaller than a forest

quiet (adj): silent! peaceful

lonely (adj): unhappy because you have no friends or people to talk to

wood (noun): the hard material that the trunk and branches of a tree are made of.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 1A The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 1A The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse

7th Class English Chapter 1A The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at these two pictures and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
Write the differences you notice between the things you see in the two pictures.
Answer:
i) Picture-1 is the scenery of a village life.
Picture-2 is the scene of a city life.
ii) In the village we can see thatched houses.
But in the city we can see tall, multi-storeyed buildings.
iii) In the village we can see farmers, bullocks, cows and bullock carts.
But in cities we can see a lot of buses, cars and two-wheelers.
iv) The village is surrounded by beautiful fields and hills.
But the cities are surrounded by industries and workshops besides slums.
v) Villages are calm and peaceful but the cities are noisy because of heavy traffic and . industries.

Question 2.
Where would you like to live, in a town or in a village?
Answer:
I would like to live in a village.

Question 3.
Where do you think life is peaceful? Why?
Answer:
Life is peaceful in villages. The village is calm, beautiful and peaceful. It is surrounded by
pastures and fields. The people living there have cordial relations with each other.

Question 4.
Do animals feel the same like you?
Answer:
Yes. Animals also feel that life is peaceful in villages.

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why did the town mouse want to go to the countryside?
Answer:
The town mouse wanted to go to the countryside because he had been ill with a cough and his doctor had advised him to spend a week in the countryside.

Question 2.
Describe the town mouse’s experience at the countryside.
Answer:
At the countryside, the town mouse had to drink coconut water instead of orange juice or lemonade. He did not enjoy his dinner as it consisted of the root and the sugarcane. There he had to sleep on the hard, cold ground. It was so quiet at the countryside. He felt the country a strange place. He did not like it.

Question 3.
What differences do you find between the country and the town?
Answer:
The town is full of noises. Lights are on all the time. Artificial food, cool drinks, air conditioning etc., are common. The village is quiet where clear water, fresh air and raw food greet everyone.

Question 4.
How can you say that the town mouse could not enjoy the dinner offered by the country mouse?
Answer:
The town mouse did not enjoy his dinner as it consisted of only the root and the sugarcane, instead of bread and jam, different kinds of fruit and slabs of chocolate.

Question 5.
What would happen if the person who opened the cupboard found any of the mice?
Answer:
If the person who opened the cupboard found any of the mice, the mouse that was found would be caught and killed.

Question 6.
Why did the town mouse travel in an ordinary train?
Answer:
The town mouse travelled to the countryside in an ordinary train because there was no air- conditioned coach.

Question 7.
Why did the country mouse go back to his house in the country?
Answer:
The country mouse went back to his house in the country because the town was noisy and polluted. He wanted to eat in peace but could not find that in the town.

Question 8.
How can you say the town mouse was not comfortable in the country?
Answer:
The town mouse came to the village for rest for a week. But he went back to the town the very next day. This clearly shows that the town mouse was uncomfortable in the village.

Question 9.
How are the streets of a town different from those of a village?
Answer:
There was heavy traffic of cars, buses and lorries in the streets of a town and so they were noisy and polluted. No such traffic was seen in the streets of a village and so they were quiet and unpolluted. Unlike the streets of a village, the streets of a town had many lights even in the middle of the night.

Question 10.
Describe the lifestyle of the country mouse in two or three sentences.
Answer:
The country mouse lived in a hole in a field of a village. He was in the habit of taking raw food such as roots, sugar-cane and fresh water. He lived in a peaceful and natural way.

Question 11.
“The town mouse and the country mouse did not visit each other again.” Why ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The town mouse did not visit the country mouse again because the country was so quiet and he had to eat only raw food there.
The country mouse did not visit the town mouse again because there the streets were noisy with the traffic of buses, lorries and cars. He could not get raw food there. He could not even eat in peace, there.

II. Choose the best answer from the choices given to complete each sentence.

1. The town mouse and the country mouse are ….
a) friends
b) cousins
c) classmates

2. The house of the town mouse was ….
a) a field in a village
b) a building in a village
c) a kitchen cupboard in a town

3. The house of the town mouse was ….
a) full of most delicious food
b) full of sugar-canes and roots
c) full of coconut water

4. At the end of the story, the country mouse ….
a) went back to his country
b) stayed in the town
c) visited the town mouse
Answer:
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. a

III. Say whether the following statements are TRUE/FALSE. Correct the wrong statements.

1. The country mouse lives in a town. ( )
2. The town mouse feels very comfortable in the train. ( )
3. It was hot when the town mouse travelled to the countryside. ( )
4. The town mouse liked to eat cooked food. ( )
5. There are more lights, cars and lorries in the town than in the’village. ( )
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True

Vocabulary

I. The following sentences are from your lesson. Read them carefully and tick (✓) the correct meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.

1. He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside. [ ]
(a) a land with towns and cities.
(b) a neighbouring country.
(c) a land outside towns and cities with fields, woods etc.

2. The town mouse packed his bags. [ ]
(a) put something in a container so that it can be stored
(b) put clothes etc., into a bag in preparation for a trip away from home
(c) put expensive things in a bag so as to keep them safe

3. The day was bright and sunnv. [ ]
(a) with a lot of bright light from the sun
(b) with a cool wind from the east
(c) without rain

4. He nibbled at the root and the sugar-cane. [ ]
(a) took a large quantity of food
(b) took a small quantity of food showing a slight interest
(c) took food with a great interest

5. The country mouse arrived in town. [ ]
(a) left for a place (b) got to a place (c) left a place

Answer:
1. c (✓)
2. b (✓)
3. a (✓)
4. b (✓)
5. b (✓)

II. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words/phrases given below.

Rambabu started his journey to his grandfather’s village in Prakasam District. He caught a train to reach the village. The train arrived at the station. At that time, he was hungry and thirsty. As soon as he —1— the train, he wanted to drink and eat something. So he —2— but found nothing to eat and drink. He started walking towards his grandfather’s house. On the way, he found a shop which was —3— cool drinks. He had —4— money. So he bought a cool drink and a —5— bread.
Answer:
1) got off,
2) looked around,
3) full of,
4) plenty of,
5) piece of

III. Read the following sentence from your lesson and identify the underlined expression.

He nibbled at the root and the sugar-cane. The expression sugar-cane is a compound noun. It is a combination of two nouns.
sugar + cane – sugar-cane
Now read your lesson and pick out at least two compound nouns.
cupboard, coconut water, Mouse Town, Country Mouse
Let’s form some compound nouns now.

Join each word in column-A with a suitable word in column-B to form Compound Nouns. The first one is done for you.

Grammar

I. Read the following sentences and notice the underlined words.

It’s always quiet in the country, Sometimes it is quieter than today. My grandfather says that our village is the quietest among all the villages in our district.

The underlined words are adjectives. But they are in different degrees of comparison. The first one is in positive degree: The second and the third are in comparative and superlative degrees respectively.

Positive Degree             Comparative Degree            Superlative Degree
quiet                                       quieter                                  quietest

Here is a list of adjectives. Write the other degrees of them. The first one is done for you. (Use a dictionary and check your work.)
Note: Usually short words take ‘er’ and ‘est’ as suffixes to form other degrees.

Positive degree	Comparative degree	Superlative degree
dark	darker	darkest
small	smaller	smaller
rich	richer	richest
safe	safer	safest
clever	cleverer	cleverest
tall	taller	tallest
bright	brighter	brightest
large	larger	largest
short	shorter	shortest
long	longer	longest
wise	wiser	wisest
dark	darker	darkest
hard	harder	hardest
soft	softer	softest
hot	hotter	hottest
cool	cooler	coolest
cold	colder	coldest
fast	faster	fastest
slow	slower	slowest
brave	braver	bravest

Note: Words with two or more than two syllables take ‘more’ and ‘most’ respectively in comparative degree and superlative degree.

Positive degree		Comparative degree	Superlative degree
useful		more useful	most useful
beautiful		more beautiful	most beautiful
interested		more interested	most interested
doubtful		more doubtful	most doubtful
precious		more precious	most precious
delicious		more delicious	most delicious
dreadful		more dreadful	most dreadful
cheerful		more cheerful	most cheerful
dangerous		more dangerous	most dangerous
honest		more honest	most honest
harmful		more harmful	most harmful
cunning		more cunning	most cunning
handsome		more handsome	most handsome
intelligent		more intelligent	most intelligent
industrious		more industrious	most industrious
courageous		more courageous	most courageous
famous		more famous	most famous
prestigeous		more prestigeous	most prestigeous
attractive		more attractive	most attractive
prosperous		more prosperous	most prosperous
colourful		more colourful	most colourful
poisonus		more poisonous	most poisonous
powerful		more powerful	most powerful
enjoyable		more enjoyable	most enjoyable
difficult		more difficult	most difficult
frightening		more frightening	most frightening
pleasing		more pleasing	most pleasing
wonderful		more wonderful	most wonderful
populous		more populous	most populous
remarkable		more remarkable	most remarkable
glorious		more glorious	most glorious
charming		more charming	most charming
wanted		more wanted	most wanted
injurious		more injurious	most injurious
curious		more curious	most curious

Note: Unlike the above, some words change completely in other degrees.

Positive degree	Comparative degree	Superlative degree
much	more	most
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
far	farther	farthest
many (number)	more	most
little	less	least
few	fewer	fewest
well	better	best

Read the following sentence from your lesson and notice the underlined word.

May I stay with you?
The underlined word ‘may’ is a helping verb. It is used to take or give permission in a formal
way.
But ‘can’ is used to take or give permission in an informal way.

• Can I leave this place? ( Taking permission)
• You can go now. ( Giving permission)

‘May’ has another use also. It is used to express possibility, e.g. It may rain today.
1. May I + bare infinitive is used to ask for permissions,
e.g.: May I stay with you?
May I use your cell phone?
May I leave the class earl ?

2. Can I + bare infinitive (V1) is used to ask for permissions,
e.g.: Can I leave this place?
Can I take leave of you?
Can I use your cell phone?

3. You + may / can + bare infinitive (V1) is used to give permissions,
e.g.:
1) You may go now.
2) You may use my cell phone.
3) You may take my umbrella.
4) You can go now.
5) You can use my scooter.
6) You can lend my notebook.
4. May is used to express possibility.
e.g.:
1) It may rain today.
2) He may come tomorrow.
3) She may attend the party.

I. Read the following sentences and say what they mean. Choose the right answer from the choices given:

1. May I come in, sir? ( )
a) aiving permission
b) taking permission
c) expiring the possibility

2. Sindhu may come to India next month. ( )
a) giving permission
b) taking permission
c) expressing the possibility

3. You may use my cell phone if you need. ( )
a) giving permission
b) taking permission
c) expressing the possibility

4. Can I take leave of you? ( )
a) taking permission in a formal way
b) taking permission in an informal way
c) expressing the possibility

5. The dog may attack you if you run. ( )
a) giving permission
b) taking permission
c) expressing the possibility
Answer:
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. c

II. Rewrite the following sentences as directed.

1. The boy seems to cry if you do not buy an ice-cream for him. (Express this using ‘may’)
Answer:
The boy may cry, if you do not buy an ice-cream for him.

2. You can use my camera if you need. (Give permission using ‘may’)
Answer:
You may use my camera if you need.

3. He seems to be a nice man. (Express this possibility using ‘may’)
Answer:
He may be a nice man.

4. You want to leave the class now.
Answer:
May I leave the class, now? (Take permission using ‘may’)

5. Raju wants to use your water bottle. (Give permission using ‘may’)
Answer:
You may use my water bottle, if you need.

III. Read the following sentence from your lesson.

I wish there was an air-conditioned coach.

The above sentence expresses unreal past.
We use “ wish + subject + past tense” to express unreal past. This sentence means …. 1 am sorry there is no air-conditioned coach.
Some more examples:
1) I wish I had wings. (This means that I am sorry I don’t have wings.)
2) I wish I were a bird.
3) I wish I were the Prime Minister.
4) I wish 1 had a car.

Now express the wishes of the people mentioned below using unreal past (wish + subject + past tense). The first one is done for you.

1. Sindhu has missed her school bus. She has to go to school urgently. She wishes to have a car. How would Sindu express her wish?
Answer:
I wish I had a car.

2. Anita wants to abolish the system of exams. She wishes to be the Prime Minister. How would Anita express her wish?
Answer:
I wish I were the Prime Minister.

3. Srinu’s father has a car. He wishes to drive that car. But he doesn’t know how to drive a car. How would Srinu express his wish?
Answer:
I wish my father/I knew how to drive a car.

4. Sharmila wants to play tennis. But she doesn’t have a tennis racket. How would Sharmila express her wish?
Answer:
I wish I had a tennis racket.

5. Mahendra wants to get first rank in the class. But he can’t. How would Mahendra express his wish?
Answer:
I wish I got first rank in the class.

Writing

I. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to your village to spend summer holidays. Write about your family and the places where you will take him/her.

Near Ramalayam,
75 – Tyallur,
Pedakurapadu Mandal,
Guntur District.
April 18, 20xx.

My dear Guruvardhan,

I am fine and pink in health. I am doing well in my examinations. I do hope the same with you, there.

You know, our summer holidays begin on April 24. I cordially invite you to my village to spend summer holidays with me, at least for a fortnight. All the members of our family are friendly and affectionate. They treat you as one of us. You also have asked me to write to you a letter, inviting you to my house for the summer vacation. If you come over here, I can show you the beautiful locations in and around our village which you will certainly enjoy well. Besides, I can take you to Amaravathi where you can see the Amaravathi museum, the huge statue of Lord Buddha. We can also have a holy dip in the river Krishna and visit the temple of Lord Amaralingeswara.

I shall make your stay enjoyable here. Please intimate me the day when you leave for my village so that I can receive you.

Kindly express my regards to your parents and best wishes to your younger sister.

Yours lovingly,
xxx xx

Address on the envelope:

II. Imagine you were the town mouse/ country mouse and write a paragraph describing your visit.

I am a town mouse. I was born there and I spent all my life in the same town. Recently I suffered badly from cough. The doctor advised me to spend a week or two in the countryside. So I wrote a letter to my cousin who lives in a village, expressing my desire to spend a week in his village. He was very happy and invited me to his village with great pleasure. Immediately after receiving the letter I went to the village. He received me at the station. There it was very hot indeed. I was very much thirsty. I asked him for a cool drink or a lemonade. But he offered me coconut water. At dinner he offered me raw roots and sugarcane. In my town 1 usually take delicious foods such as bread and jam; cheese, and different kinds of fruits. I didn’t like the food offered to me by him. At night I had to sleep on cold and hard ground. The life at the village is very different from that of the town. There is no glitter of lights. There are no buses, cars and even two wheelers. It appears very dull when compared to the city life. There was no ready food. I had to go to nearby farms in search of food. 1 felt the village life dreadful and unpleasant. I cannot accustom with the hardships of the village life system. So I came back to the town the very next day. And I never visited the village again in my life. I thought that the city, in which I live, is the heaven on this earth.

(Or)

I am a country mouse. I live in the countryside. On receiving an invitation from my cousin, the town mouse, I went to his town. His house was at the back of a kitchen cupboard. There he received me warmly. But my head began to ache because of the noise caused by ’ the traffic of cars, buses and lorries, running in the streets of the town. They also cause air-pollution. I was also surprised to see the lights even in the middle of the night. On my asking, my cousin replied that it was common in towns. I wanted to drink some water and eat raw food like the root and the sugar-cane. But my cousin offered me ice-cold orange juice to drink. He also offered me bread and jam, different kinds of fruit and slabs of chocolate. But I could not eat any in peace because he pushed me out through a hole when somebody was opening the cupboard door. On the whole, it was not a pleasant experience and I decided not to visit the town again.

Study Skills

I. Study the table given below and observe the changing patterns of unemployment in some advanced countries. Answer the questions that follow.

1. How many countries are compared in the given table?
Answer:
Eight countries

2. What period does the table represent?
Answer:
The period from 2000 to 2006.

3. Which country has the least unemployment rate in 2005?
Answer:
Japan

4. Which country has a decrease of nearly 6% in unemployment rate between 2000 and 2006?
Answer:
Spain.

5. In the case of every country we can notice that (Choose the correct answer.)
(a) The unemployment rate is steadily increasing.
(b) The unemployment rate is steadily decreasing.
(c) The unemployment rate is fluctuating, i.e. sometimes it rises and sometimes it falls.
Answer:
(c) The unemployment rate is fluctuating i.e., sometimes it rises and sometimes it falls.

6. Which year recorded the highest unemployment rate for many countries?
Answer:
The year 2000.

7. Which country recorded the least fluctuations in the unemployment rate?
Answer:
The U.K. recorded the least fluctuations.

Listening and Speaking

I. An old student of your school visits your school. Your teacher introduces her to your class like this. (Now the teacher has to read the following information.)

My dear students! Look, who is here! This is Kumari Nithya. I am very happy to introduce her to you. She was my student; I mean, a student of this school. You know, she is now working as a software engineer in a big company. When I remember Nithya, I see a pretty little girl with two plaits sitting in the first row eagerly waiting for a chance to speak. She would answer any question at the drop of a hat.
When I talked to others, she would become restless and went on saying ma’am, ma’am, thrusting her hand into air. No wonder she passed S.S.C. in first class and scored more than 550 marks. I hope you have seen her name in our H.M.’s room, haven’t you?
Going by her marks, don’t think she is just a bookworm. She did equally well in sports and games. She led our school kabaddi team to state level competitions. There are many other things that I would like to share with you, but I’m leaving them, especially the naughty things, for her to share with you.
Now Nithya will address you. Nithya …. !

Imagine that your eldest brother has come to your school. Introduce him to your class and your teachers.
Answer:
Respected teachers ! My dear friends ! I think the person standing by my side is known to many of the teachers, here. This is Hanuman. I am very happy to introduce him to you. He is my eldest brother. He was a student of this school. He is, now, doing his engineering.
He is sharp right from the start. He has passed S.S.C. and scored more than 570 marks. I hope you have seen his name in our H.M.’s room, haven’t you? But don’t think, he is just a bookworm. He has done equally well in sports and games. If you want to know some more about him, you can talk to him. Thank you all, for giving me this opportunity.

II. Listen to the conversation between Sulochana and Madhavi.

Sulochana: Hi! Madhavi, welcome to city. How are you?
Madhavi: I am fine. Thank you. I-low about you?
Sulochana: Pretty well. Why are you waiting outside? Come in. When did you return from your village?
Madhavi: Just this morning.
Sulochana: How was Pongal?
Madhavl: It was great fun. I really enjoyed every moment in the village. I wish I could spend some more time there.
Sulochana: Oh! Did the village life impress you so much?
Madhavi: Yes, it was wonderful.
Sulochana: What fascinated you so much there?
Madhavi: Well ! It was pollution free. Fresh air, fresh water, clear sky… and what not?
Sulochana: Was there anything else?
Madhavi: Yes, I liked the green fields, strange birds, sheep, cows, bulls etc.
Sulochana: Oh! That’s interesting. Why don’t yàu take me with you the next time you go to your village?
Madhavi: Done.

Now work in pairs and talk about your experience of living in a town/village.
Answer:
Seeta: Hi, Lata! When did you return from the village?
Lata: Hi, Seeta! I came back yesterday. It was a memorable experience.
Seeta: What impressed you so much?
Lata: Everything in the village. Absolute peace, green fields, clean water, fresh air, innocent villagers and what not?
Seeta: You are carried away by your stay there it seems!
Latha: You too will feel the same way if you stay there for sometime.
Seeta: When are you, then, taking me to your grandparents’ village?
Lata: Shall go during Dasara holidays!
Seeta: Done.

(Or)

During the Pongal holidays, I visited my uncle’s village and stayed on there for a week. The celebration of Pongal in villages. I had a lot of fun and really enjoyed every moment in the village. The village life impressed me much. There is no air-pollution and sound pollution in villages. People in villages get fresh air and fresh water. There the sky is clear. I liked the green fields, the sheep, the cows and the bulls. I wish I could spend some more time there.

III. In groups, read the story once again. Decide on a scene from the story and per¬form a sport play.
(Group work – Let the students form 3 or 4 groups).

• Read the story once again.
• Identify the characters.
• Pick out the dialogues of the characters.
•  Identify the locations of the events.
• Decide scenes and setting accordingly.
• Assign roles to the members of the groups.
• Enact the drama before the whole class.

Answer:
(When the curtain rises up, the kitchen room in a rich man’s house is seen, with a cupboard. Beside it, the town-mouse (the student having this character, wears trousers with a tail hang-ing from behind it, and a shirt under a coat) appears, coughing and sniffing.)
The town mouse to himself : Oh ! I can’t bear this cough. I must phone to my family doctor for a speedy recovery.
(The town mouse makes a phone call to the doctor. After a gap of two/three minutes, the doctor (the student having the character of the doctor-mouse) comes into his room.)
Town Mouse: (seeing the doctor) Good morning doctor!
Doctor: Good morning. Why have you called me to come urgently?
Town Mouse: Doctor, I need your help, now.
Doctor: OK. What’s the problem?
Town Mouse: See, doctor, how I am coughing!
[Doctor checks his chest with a stethoscope]
Doctor: For how many days have you been suffering from cough and cold?
Town Mouse: For the last 4 days.
Doctor: Oh ! You have delayed. You should have called me as and when you were attacked with cough.
Town Mouse: Sorry doctor. I didn’t think it would last for long.
Please tell me what I should do to restore normal and good health.
Doctor: Use this medicine tonight for tomorrow, after taking a light diet.
Town Mouse: OK. Doctor.
Doctor: But one thing
Town Mouse: Tell me, doctor.
Doctor: I strongly say you need change of climate as well as change of place.
Town Mouse: You mean I need to go somewhere else.
Doctor: Yes, you have caught my point. Spend some days in a countryside where you get fresh and unpolluted air for your health. Do you have any relatives in any countryside ?
Town Mouse: Yes, I have. My cousin, country mouse lives at Mouse Cciuntry. We often write letters to each other and are affectionate to each other.
Doctor: That’s good. Then you had better leave for your cousin’s place and be there at least for a week to have a speedy recovery.
Town Mouse: OK, doctor. Tomorrow. I go there.
Doctor : OK. Now, I leave.
Town Mouse: Thank you, doctor, for your kind concern. I shall see you soon after I return from my cousin’s place.
(The doctor departs)
Town Mouse to himself: I’ll send my cousin a letter about my visiting his place and start my
journey after receiving the reply from him.
(The curtain comes down and after a gap of three/four minutes, it rises up again, showing the country mouse (the student having this character wears a white Dhoti and a white Laichi with a Kanduva on his shoulder) with a letter in his hand.)
Country Mouse to himself: Oh! This letter is from cousin, the town mouse. I shall know what he has written.
(The Country Mouse reads out the undermentioned letter, loudly)

Kitchen Cupboard,
Mouse Town.
22 March, 20xx.

Dear Cousin,
I have been ill with cough and my doctor feels I need a holiday. He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside. May I stay with you? Please give me an early reply.
With warm regards,

Yours affectionately
Town Mouse

To
Country Mouse,
The Mouse Hole,
Mouse Country.

(After reading the letter)
Country Mouse to himself: Oh ! My cousin is ill-healthy. I must send an immediate reply asking him to come over here, at once.
(The country mouse is seen writing a letter. Then the curtain begins to come down)
(Later after a gap of 3 minutes, the curtain rises up, showing the country mouse waiting for his cousin near the ‘MOUSE-COUNTRY’ board. Then comes in the town mouse)
Country Mouse: Oh, cousin! Welcome.
Town Mouse: Thank you. Sorry for keeping you waiting.
Country Mouse: No, you need not say that.
Town Mouse: Oh, cousin, I felt .rather hot and thirsty while travelling in that train. I wished I travelled in an air-conditioned coach.
Country Mouse: Are you OK now?
Town Mouse: OK. But I am rather thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold lemonade for me to drink at home.
Country Mouse: Well, I have some water. But J can look around for some coconut water if you like.
Town Mouse (showing horror): Coconut water? Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade?
Country Mouse: I’m afraid not. But I found a very nice piece of root toddy and a tender bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy that.
Town Mouse: Root? Sugar-cane? But I don’t eat raw food like that.
(Both sit under a big tree, where a large hole is seen)
Country Mouse: This is what we eat in the country. Try it. It’s not bad.
(The town mouse pretends to nibble at the root and the sugar-cane)
Town Mouse: Cousin, I want to sleep, now.
Country Mouse: You can sleep there. (showing a comer)
Town Mouse: On the ground?
Country Mouse: Yes. This is how we sleep in the country.
Town Mouse: Cousin, why is itso quiet here?
Country Mouse: You mean
Town Mouse: I mean it is rather silent here. Where are all the cars and lorries? Where are the radios and the televisions? Where are all the lights?
Country Mouse: Such things are not seen here. It is always quiet here.
(The two pretend to be asleep).
(The curtain comes down)
(When the curtain rises up, the town mouse is seen, holding a suitcase and the country mouse beside him)
Country Mouse: Cousin, today we’ll visit another farm.
Town Mouse: Sorry, cousin. But I must leave for my town, now itself.
Country Mouse: Why?
Town Mouse: I’ll catch the next train home. I have suddenly remembered that I have
forgotten something.
Country Mouse: OK. I’ll come with you to the station.
(Both pretend to be walking towards the station-side. Then the curtain comes down.)

End of the First Scene

IV. Have a discussion in the whole class on how the performance could be improved in terms of delivery of dialogues, costumes, action, settings, etc.

Teacher: Good morning, students.
Students: Good morning, sir.
Teacher: Now, we will have discussion on the first scene of our play.
Students: O.K., sir.
Teacher: Venkat, do you feel satisfied with your acting, dialogue delivery and costumes, as the Town Mouse?
Venkat: I do, sir.
Guruvandhan: Sir, I think Venkat should have been in Pyzama and Lalchi, the light clothes which may suit for an ill-healthy person.
Hanuman : He didn’t show his suffering much both in his dialogue and acting.
Teacher : Yes. T too have observed and I want to say the same.
Payan: Sir, at the countryside, we have shown only a tree.
Teacher: You mean, there should be some other. If so, what would you suggest?
Payan: I mean we should have put some grass around, making the audience feel it is a farm or field.
Teacher: Good.
Guravalah: instead of the doctor coming to the house of the town mouse, the town mouse should have gone to hospital and the discussion be seen in a hospital. Am I correct, sir?
Teacher: Chennakesava, do you agree with him?
Chennakasva: Yes, sir. I do.
Teacher: OK. You have given some suggestions for the improvement of the first scene. We’ll put them next time in the play.
Students: Thank you, sir.
Teacher: OK. Concentrate on your work, now.

V. You have already written the script for one scene. Develop the other scenes in the same manner and make it a complete script for the play.

Answer:
Script for the other (second) scene:
(When the curtain rises up, the country mouse is seen, sitting near his house, the hole at the bottom of a tree)

Country Mouse to himself: Oh ! I have hurt my cousin’s feelings and disappointed him by not pro¬viding him with what he wanted. Besides, he seemed he didn’t like qui¬etness of the countryside. That’s why he left the place the very next morning . It’s already a month since he left this place. I don’t know how he is now. I make sure he is healthy. I’ll write a letter about my visiting his place.
(After a few minutes, the curtain rises up and shows the town mouse with a letter in his hand)
Town Mouse to himself : Oh ! What a happy news it is ! My cousin wants to visit my house.
I must send him the message to come over here. I’ll send a telegram now itself.
(The curtain comes down. A few minutes later, the town mouse is seen beside a cupboard in a room. The country mouse, after a minute – time enters.)
Country Mouse: How are you, my cousin?
Town Mouse: I am fine and active now, I am very happy to see you here. How are you, cousin?
Country Mouse: I am OK. I am worried about your health. I want to make sure you are alright. That’s why I have come here.
Country Mouse: It’s already 11 p.m. Why are there lights even in the middle of the night?
Town Mouse: Oh, cousin, this is the town. Here there are lights even in the middle of the day.
Country Mouse: (closing his ears with hands)
What is this dreadful noise that never stops?
Town Mouse: That is the traffic. That is the noise made by buses, lorries, cars and aeroplanes.
Country Mouse: Oh, cousin! All this noise has made my head ache.
Town Mouse: Don’t worry. You’ll be alright soon.
Country Mouse: Could I have some water to drink?
Town Mouse: Oh, cousin, what a silly thing! You have come to my house. Then, why only water? (opens the door of the cupboard and shows the cool-drinks, juice, etc.) Look at what there is for you ice-cold lemonade, orange
juice…. Which one do you want?
Country Mouse: I don’t want those. They are not good for my health. I want just some water.
I want some water to drink and then a little bit of food to eat.
Town Mouse: OK. Have this water to quench your thirst.
(The country mouse drinks some water)
Country Mouse: Cousin, can I have some food?
Town Mouse: I have plenty of food, cousin. You can eat as much as you like.
(The town mouse shows the country mouse by opening the door of the cupboard, bread and different kinds of food items)
Town Mouse: Cousin, there are different kinds of fruits, bread and jam, slabs of chocolate and a huge piece of lovely cheese.
Eat, cousin, eat whichever you want.
(By the time the country mouse was about to take some fruits, there was a sound like thunder. The country mouse was frightened.)
Town Mouse: Run, cousin, run, run along with me into the hole.
(Later the town mouse pushed the country mouse out through the hole in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse exhibits as if his heart was beating very fast.)
Country Mouse: I am in fear, but what is it?
Town Mouse: Sssh …. Don’t say loudly. Wait here for sometime.
[A man comes into the room, opens the door of the cupboard and gets some juice. Later he goes out]
[When everything was silent again, the town mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite cheerful again]
Town Mouse: Cousin. now come out. You need not be afraid now. Come out.
[The country mouse comes to the town mouse]
Country Mouse: What was it, dear?
Town Mouse: Cousin, that was only somebody opening the cupboard. We are safe now.
[They heard the same sound and had to escape by running, two times again]
[At last, when it was completely quiet]
Town Mouse: It won’t happen again. You can eat now.
Country Mouse: (eating) But I feel I am not safe here. I am quite tired of running and hiding.
Town Mouse: I’ve also done the same, yet I am not tired.
Country Mouse: You are accustomed to doing this and living like this.
Town Mouse: Tomorrow, I’ll take you to different areas in this town.
Country Mouse: No, cousin. I want to go back to the country. I may not get much food there but at least I can eat in peace. So, please let me go there.
Town Mouse: OK. Cousin, I don’t like to trouble or pain you.
You can go there tomorrow, morning.
[The curtain comes down]

End of the play

The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse Summary in English

The town mouse lived at the back of the kitchen cupboard in a rich man’s house in a town whereas the country mouse lived in a country. They were cousins. They often wrote letters to each other.

One day the town mouse wrote a letter to his cousin saying that he was ill and wanted to stay with the country mouse in his country as he had been advised by the doctor to spend a week in the countryside. The country mouse got the letter from the town mouse. He invited the town mouse to his countryside. So he packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. He felt hot in train as the day was bright and sunny. He wished he was in an air- conditioned coach.

The country mouse received the town mouse at the station of the countryside. The town mouse asked the country mouse for some organge juice or lemonade saying that he was thirsty. But the country mouse offered him coconut water. The dinner that the country mouse served the town mouse at his house consisted of the root and the sugar-cane. The town mouse nibbled at the root and the sugarcane as he did not enjoy his dinner. Later he had to sleep on the hard, cold ground. The countryside was very quiet. The mouse felt it strange and did not like it. He went back to his town.

Next time, the country mouse visited the house of the town mouse. He did not like the traffic there. He felt surprised watching lights in the streets even in the midnight. The country mouse wanted some water and a little bit of food. The town mouse offered him ice-cold lemonade and orange-juice to drink. The town-mouse offered him bread and jam, different kinds of fruit, slabs of chocolate and a huge piece of lovely cheese. The country mouse had to eat and drink what the town mouse had offered. Meanwhile, they had to run for safety and hide themselves as somebody entered the room and opened the cupboard. The country mouse was tired of doing this and did not like to be there. So, he took leave of his cousin and went back to his house in the country. Since then, they did not visit each other again.

The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse Glossary

1. country (n): a village/an area outside towns or cities with fields and farms

2. affectionately (adv): lovingly/showing caring feelings and love

3. pack (v): to put clothes etc.. into a bag in preparation for a trip away from home

4. uncomfortable (adj): unpleasant

5. grumble (v): to complain about something in a bad-tempered way

6. chug (v): to move making the sound of an engine .

7. dreadful (adj): very bad / unpleasant

8. horror (n): a feeling of great shock or fear

9. lemonade (n): a sweet FIZZY drink with a lemon flavour .

10. nibbled (v): took small bites of something especially food

11. cousin (n): a child of your aunt or uncle

12. quiet (adj): making very little noise

13. strange (adj): unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult to understand

14. farm (n): an area of land used for growing crops

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class Biology Solutions Chapter 8 Heredity Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Biology Solutions 8th Lesson Heredity

10th Class Biology 8th Lesson Heredity Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
What are variations? How do they help organisms?
Answer:

1. Differences in characters within very closely related groups of organisms are referred to as variations.
2. Variations develop during reproduction in organisms.
3. Variations are passed from parent to offspring through heredity.
4. Beneficial variations are selected by the nature in evolution.
5. Variations increase the survival chance of the organisms.
6. These variations help the organisms to adapt to their environments.
7. For example, green colour in the beetles is a variation that gave a survival advantage to the beetles as they cannot be seen by the crows.
8. Some variations do not help organisms to survive. For example, colour variation occurs in red beetles and some blue beetles are produced instead of red beetles as they are eaten by crows easily.

Question 2.
One student (researcher) wants to cross pure tall plant (TT) with pure dwarf (tt) plant, what would be the Fj and F2 generations? Explain.
Answer:

1. Pure tall plant has both the factors of the same type ‘TT’.
2. Pure dwarf plant has both the factors of the same type ‘tt’.
3. When a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with pure dwarf plant (tt), all the offsprings in Fj generation are tall (Tt).
4. So all the plants are heterozygous tall, as ‘T’ is the dominating factor.
   
5. On self pollination of these F₁ generation plants the new breed can have any combination of T and t like TT, Tt, Tt or tt.
   
6. So in F₂ generation 75% of plants are tall and 25% of plants are dwarf. Thus the phenotype ratio is 3 : 1.
7. Among 75% of tall plants 25% are pure tall (TT) or homozygous tall, remaining 50% are heterozygous tall (Tt, tT).
8. The remaining 25% dwarf plants are pure or homozygous dwarf (tt).
9. So the genotype ratio is 1 : 2 : 1.

Question 3.
One experimenter cut the tails of parent rats, what could be the traits in offsprings? Do the daughter rats contain tails or not? Explain your argument.
Answer:

1. If the tails of parent rats were cut, their offsprings will have normal tails.
2. Daughter rats do not contain tails because the bodily changes are not inherited.
3. So the change would not be passed to their offsprings.
4. This was proved experimentally by Augustus Weisemann and rejected the theory ‘inheritance of acquired characters’ proposed by Lamarck.

Question 4.
In a mango garden a farmer saw one mango tree with full of mango fruits but with a lot of pests. He also saw another mango tree without pests but with few mangoes. But the farmer wants the mango tree with full of mango fruits and pests free. Is it possible to create new mango tree which the farmer wants? Can you explain how it is possible?
Answer:

1. Yes, it is possible to create new mango tree which one the former wants with full of mango fruits and pests free.
2. The former can cross two plants one with full of mangoes and pests and another plant with less mango fruits and without pests,
3. In F₁ generation he may get plants with full of mango fruits and without pests. Such plants are called hybrid plants.
4. The F₁ generation plants can be self pollinated and desired plants can be selected from the mixed population of F₂ generation.
5. The plant with desirable characters can be vegetatively propagated to get required number of plants.

Question 5.
ExplaIn monohybrid experiment with an example. Which law of inheritance can we understand? Explain.
Answer:

1. We can understand the law of inheritance with an example of monohybrid cross between pure yellow pea seeds with pure green pea seeds.
2. A pure breed (parental) yellow will have both the factors which denote them by ‘YY’ and pure breed (parental) green seed will have both the factors denote them by ‘yy’.
3. During reproduction one factor (genes) from each parent is taken to form a new pair in the progeny (off spring).
4. In F₁ generation all pea plants are Yellow.
   
5. F₁ generation pea plants are self pollinated.
6. In F₂ generation 75% of the plants produced were Yellow seeds and the remaining 25% produced were green seed. It can be represented as
   
   In F₂ generation the produced plants are YY, Yy; yY or yy.
   From the above example of monohybrid cross we can understand the following laws of inheritance.

1) When pure breed Yellow (YY) and green (yy) seeds were crossed, only Yellow seeds were expressed phenotypically in the F₁ generation. It indicates that Yellow seed character is dominent over green seed characters.
This is “LAW OF DOMINANCE”.

2) When F₁ plants are self pollinated each parent passes randomly selected allele (Y or y) of one of these factor to offsprings. This is segregation of alleles or genes during production of gametes.
This is “LAW OF SEGREGATION”.

Question 6.
What is the law of independent assortment? Explain with an example.
Answer:

1. In the inheritance of more than one pair of characters (traits), the factors for each pair of characters assorts independently of the other pairs. This is known as “Law of independent assortment”.
2. If pea plants with two different pairs of characteristics (eg. : Round / yellow and green wrinkled) are breed with each other, the F₁ progeny plants would have all round and yellow seeds.
3. This implies that round and yellow seeds are dominant characters over green and wrinkled seeds.
4. In F₂ progeny there would be some plants with round and yellow seeds and some with green and wrinkled seeds.
5. However, there would be some plants with mixed characters – yellow and wrinkled seeds and green and round seeds.
6. This depicts that round/wrinkled trait and yellow / green trait are inherited independent of each other (law of independent assortment).
   The following punnet square explains this.
   
7. The different combination of characters resulted from dihybrid cross.
   a) RRYY, RRYy, RrYy, RrYY, RRYy, RrYy, RrYy, RrYY, RrYy are having round and yellow seeds.
   b) RRyy, Rryy, Rryy have round and green seeds.
   c) rrYy, rrYy, rrYY have wrinkled and yellow seeds.
   d) rryy have wrinkled and green seeds.
8. From the result, it can be concluded that the factors for each character or trait remains separate and maintain its identity in the gametes. This is known as “Law of independent assortment”.

Question 7.
How does sex determination take place in human?
(OR)
Explain sex determination in humans with the help of flow chart.
Answer:

1. Each human cell contains 23 pairs (46) of chromosomes.
2. Out of 23 pairs, 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes.
3. Remaining one pair is called allosomes or sex chromosomes.
4. There are two types of sex chromosomes – one is ‘X’ and the other is ‘Y’.
5. These two chromosomes determine the sex of an individual.
6. Females have two ‘X’ chromosomes in their cells (XX).
7. Males have one ‘X’ and one ‘Y’ chromosomes in their cells (XY).
   
8. All the gametes produced by women (ovum) will be with only X chromosomes.
9. The gametes produced by man (sperm) will be of two types, one with X chromosomes and other with Y chromosomes.
10. If the sperm carries X chromosome and fertilizes with the ovum, the resultant baby will have XX condition. So the baby will be a girl.
11. If the sperm carries Y chromosome and fertilises with the ovum, the resultant baby will have XY condition. So the baby will be a boy.

Question 8.
Explain Darwin’s theory of ‘Natural selection’ with an example.
(OR)
What do you understand by the term Natural selection? Write Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Answer:

1. Darwin proposed the theory of Natural selection.
2. Nature only selects or decides which organism should survive or perish in nature.
3. The organism with useful traits will survive and the organisms having harmful traits are going to perished or eliminated from its environment.
4. For example, a group of twelve red beetles live in a bush of green leaves.
5. They will grow their population by sexual reproduction.
6. So they generate variations in their population. Let us assume crows eat the red beetles more the population of red beetles slowly reduced.
7. Crows eat these red beetles and their population slowly reduces.
8. During this time a colour variation arises by the sexual reproduction.
9. So that there appears one beetle that is green in colour instead of red.
10. Moreover this green colour beetle passes its colour to its offsprings; so that all its progeny are green.
11. Crows cannot see the green coloured beetles on green leaves of the bushes and therefore crows cannot eat them.
12. The crows can see the red beetles and eat them as a result, there are more and more green beetles than red ones which decrease in their number.
13. The variation of green colour beetle gave a survival advantage to green beetles’ than red beetles. They were naturally selected.

Question 9.
What are variations? Explain with a suitable example.
Answer:

1. Differences in characters within very closely related groups of organisms are referred to as variations.
2. Often a new character in a group may lead to variations that are inherited.
3. If we observe parents and offsprings, there will be some similar features in the offspring of the parents.
4. At the same time we find differences between parents and offspring in their features.
5. These differences are an example of variations.
6. Variations are quite apparent among closely related groups of organisms.
7. If we take roses as an another example, we observe number of varieties in them.
8. But we can still find some characters similar to all plants.
9. Thus rose plants have similar physical features, at the same time they have differences in characters like flower colour, number of petals, leaf size, stem, spines, etc.
10. These differences in features are variations.

Question 10.
What variations generally have you observed in the species of cow?
Answer:
In the species of cow the following contrasting variations can be observed:

1. White coloured – spotted
2. Longhorns – short horns
3. Height – dwarf
4. Long-tail – short tail
5. Elongated face – stunted face
6. More milk giving – less milk giving, etc.

Question 11.
What are the characters that Mendel selected for his experiments on pea plants
(OR)
Write the seven pairs of contrasting characters in pea plant identified by Mendel and mention their traits.
Answer:
Mendel selected the following characters on pea plants for his experiment. They are:

Character	Description
1. Colour of the flower	1. Purple or white.
2. Position of the flower	2. Axial or terminal in position
3. Colour of the seed	3. Either yellow or green.
4. Shape of the seed	4. Either round or wrinkled.
5. Shape of the pod	5. Inflated and constricted
6. Colour of the pod	6. Yellow or green.
7. Length of the stem	7. Tall and dwarf.

Question 12.
In what way Mendel used the word ‘Traits’? Explain with an example.
Answer:

1. Trait is a separate variant of an organism.
2. Mendel hypothesized that characters were carried as traits.
3. An organism always carried a pair of factors for a character.
4. He also hypothesized that distinguishing traits of the same character were present in the population of an organism.
5. He assumed that the traits shown by the pea plants must be in the seeds that produce them.
6. The seeds must have obtained these traits from the parent plants.
7. The factors which are responsible for the character or trait of an organism, are now named as “genes”.
8. By all these we can assume that Mendel used the word ‘traits’ for indicating the variant of an organism expressed by a pair of factors or genes.
9. For example, height is a character of pea plant while the tallness is a trait expressed by a pair of factors either TT or Tt and dwarfness is another trait expressed by a pair of factors tt.

Question 13.
What are the differences that Mendel observed between parent and F₂ generation?
Answer:
Mendel identified the following differences between parent and F₂ generation.

Parent	F2 Generation
1. They are pure breeds.	1. They consist of mixed population.
2. They consist of homozygous alleles.	2. They consist of homozygous alleles in some plants and heterozygous alleles in some other plants.
3. They have some fixed characteristic features.	3. New combination of characters will appear.

Question 14.
Male is responsible for sex determination of baby – do you agree? If so write your answer with a flow chart.
Answer:

1. Yes, I agree with the statement that male is responsible for sex determination of baby.
2. There are two types of sex chromosomes in human beings, one is ‘X’ and other is ‘Y’.
   
3. Females have two ‘X’ chromosomes in their cells (XX) whereas males have one ‘X’ and one ‘Y’ chromosomes in their cells (XY).
4. All the gametes produced by woman (ovum) will be with only X chromosomes.
5. The gametes produced by man (sperm) will be of two types one with X chromosomes and other Y chromosomes.
6. If the sperm carrying X chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the resultant baby will have XX condition. So the baby will be a girl.
7. If the sperm carrying Y chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the resultant baby will have XY condition. So the baby will be a boy.
8. So the gamete produced by the male is the deciding factor for sex determination of the baby.

Question 15.
Write a brief note on analogous organs.
(OR)
What are analogous organs?
Answer:

1. The organs which are structurally different but functionally similar are known as ‘Analogous organs’.
2. Wings of birds and bats is the example for analogous organs.
3. The wings of bats are skin folds stretched mainly between elongated fingers.
4. But the wings of birds are a feathery covering all along the arm.
5. The designs of the two wings, their structure and components are different.
6. They look similar because they have common use for flying, but their origins are not common.
7. This makes the ‘analogous’ characteristics.
8. This type of evolution is called convergent evolution.

Question 16.
How do scientists utilise information about fossils?
(OR)
“Fossils are valuable material that nature had preserved to know about ancient organisms.” Write the information you have collected about fossils.
Answer:

1. Fossils are evidence of ancient life forms or ancient habitats which have been preserved by natural processes.
2. The scientific study of fossils is called ‘Palaeontology’.
3. Scientists utilise information about fossils to understand the evolutionary history of life.
4. This information is also useful to study ecology and environmental history, such as ancient climates.
5. This also helps to find out how old that certain layer of earth is.
6. This information is also utilized as indicators of possible fossil fuel deposits which are of great interest to humanity.
7. Thus scientists utilize the information on fossils to learn more about the earth’s past.

Question 17.
Mendel selected a pea plant for his experiments. Mention the reasons for the selection as these plants.
(OR)
Why did Mendel select the pea plant for his experiment? (OR)
Which characters in the pea plant are selected by Mendel, for his experiments?
What are the reasons for selecting pea plant by Mendel to conduct his experiments?
Answer:
Mendel chose the pea plant (Pisum sativam) for his breeding experiments for the following reasons.

1. It is sexually reproducing.
2. Flowers are bisexual.
3. Predominantly self-pollinated.
4. Predominantly self-fertilization.
5. Well developed characters.
6. Early hybridization.
7. It is an annual plant.
8. These plants have short maturity and can produce large number of seeds in a single generation.
9. Pea plants have short life cycle.
10. These plants can easy to grow either on the ground or in pots.

Question 18.
If the theory of inheritance of acquired characters proposed by Lamarck was true, how will the world be?
Answer:
If the theory of inheritance of acquired characters proposed by Lamarck was correct,

1. All the organisms which lost some of their body parts should give birth to the offsprings without the lost parts.
2. Rat which lost their tail should give birth to tail less rats.
3. A handicapped who lost their legs in an accident should give birth to babies v without legs.
4. A body builder’s children should be body builders.
5. But all these are not happening because bodily changes won’t be passed to its offspring.

Question 19.
Collect information on the inherited traits in your family members and write a note on it.
Answer:

1. My grandfather and father- had curling hair. I too have curling hair. So it’s an inherited trait in family.
2. My mother and I both have long noses which appear similar. It’s another inherited trait.
3. Eyes of my grandmother, my brother and mine are similar. It’s another inherited trait.
4. Ear lobes of my father, brother and mine are similar. This is another inherited trait.

Question 20.
With the help of given information write your comment on evidences of evolution.

Mammals have fore limbs as do birds, reptiles and amphibians. The basic structure of the limbs is similar, though it has been modified to perform different functions.

Answer:

1. The given information gives the evidences of evolution.
2. Mammals. birds, reptiles and amphibians all these have forelimbs which have similar basic structure.
3. But they are modified to perform different functions.
4. This indicates that all the vertebrates have evolved from a common ancestor. These organs are called homologous organs. This type of evolution is called divergent evolution.
5. In case of bat (mammal) and bird the designs of the two wings, their structure and components are different.
6. They look similar because they have common use for flying, but their origins are not common.
7. These organs which are structurally different but functionally similar are known as ‘Analogous organs’. This type of evolution is called “convergent evolution”.
8. There are remarkable similarities in the embryos of above mentioned animals even in their limb formation. These are called embryological evidences.

Question 21.
Collect information about carbon dating method. Discuss with your physical science teacher.
(OR)
Write about the carbon dating method from the information collected by you.
Answer:

1. Carbon dating is the method used to calculate the age of rocks, minerals or fossils.
2. The breakdown of radioactive isotopes of certain elements such as carbon, uranium and potassium takes place at a known rate. So the age of rock or mineral containing isotopes can be calculated.
3. Archaeologists use the exponential, radioactive decay of carbon 14 to estimate the death dates of organic material.
4. The earth’s atmosphere contains various isotopes of carbon, roughly in constant proportions.
5. These include the main stable isotope ¹²C and an unstable istope ¹⁴C.
6. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb both forms from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
7. When an organism dies, it contains the standard ratio of ¹⁴C to ¹²C.
8. But as the ¹⁴C decays with no possibility of replenishment, the proportion of carbon 14 decreases at a known constant rate.
9. The time taken for it to reduce by half is known as the half-life of ¹⁴C, which is 5730.
10. The measurement of the remaining proportion of ¹⁴C in organic matter thus an estimation of its age.
11. As the half life of carbon – 14 is 5,700 years, it is useful for dating objects up (o about 60,000 years old.

Question 22.
Draw a checker board, show the law of independent assortment with a flowchart and explain the ratio.
Answer:

1. The phenotypic ratio is 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. i.e., 9 round and yellow seeds 3 round and green seeds, 3 wrinkled and green seeds and 1 wrinkled and green seed.
2. RRYY, RRYy, RrYy, RrYy, RRYy, RrYy, RrYy, RrYY and RrYy are round and yellow seeds.
3. RRyy, Rryy, Rryy are round and green.
4. rrYY, rrYy, rrYy are wrinkled and yellow.
5. rryy are wrinkled and green.

From the above result, it can be concluded that factors for each character or trait remains separate and maintains its identity in the gametes. Thus in the inheritance of more than one pair of characters, the factors for each pair of characters assort independently of the other pairs. This is known as “Law of independent assortment”.

Question 23.
Explain the process to understand the monohybrid cross of Mendel experiment with a checker board.
Answer:

Question 24.
Prepare a chart showing the evolution of man through ages.
Answer:

Question 25.
Nature selects only desirable characters. Prepare a cartoon.
Answer:
Nature selects only desirable characters

Question 26.
What is your understanding about survival of the fittest? Give some situations or examples that you observe in your surroundings.
Answer:

1. Nature favours only useful variations.
2. Each species tends to produce a large number of offspring.
3. They compete with each other for food, space, mating and other species.
4. In this struggle for existence only the fittest can survive.
5. When cat tries to catch some rats, the rats which can run fast and hide in its hole can survive and which is slow can become prey for the cat.
6. When we spray some insecticide on insects, most of them will die but few which can withstand that chemical will escape.
7. When a pest attacks our garden plants, most of them may die but Which can withstand the pest can survive.
8. When the dog tries to catch chickens, the chickens which will run fast and escape can survive but the slower ones will become food for the dog.

Question 27.
Write a monologue on the evolution of a human to perform a stage show on the theatre day in your school.
Answer:

1. Hai, I am a human being. I am going to recall what had happened to me so far, how I had evolved, simply my journey from my origin to till now.
2. Nearly 1.6 – 2.5 million years ago, during the gelasian pleistocene period, I used to wander in the forest. It is belived that, I evolved from apes.
3. Between 1-1.8 million years ago, I gradually evolved into Homo erectus. I lived in this stage throughout most of the pleistocene. I used more diverse and sophisticated stone tools than my predecessors and it is belived that I travelled over oceans using rafts.
4. Around 1,00,000 – 40,000 thousand years ago I evolved into Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. I was stronger than present in those days. I made advanced tools. I had language to communicate.
5. Around 40 thousand years ago, I reached the present form of human being, the modern humans known as Homo sapiens. I learnt cultivation, construction of houses, cooking, etc. I had invented various things that help me to live comfortably.
6. But my journey did not stop. It is still continuing. Let us see what may happen? Where can I reach? What changes may come in me? Hope for the best.
   Thank you.

Fill in the blanks.

1. The process of acquiring change is called ———–.
2. Mendel’s experiment explains about ———–.
3. The four characters observed in the experiments on law of independent assortment are ———–.
4. If we cross pollinate red flower plant with white flower we will get percent of ———– recessive trait plants.
5. TT or YY, Tt or Yy are responsible for a ———– character.
6. Female baby having 23 pairs of autosomes at the age of 18 years, has ———– pair autosomes and ———– of sex chromosomes.
7. The population grows in ———– progression whereas food sources grow in ———– progression.
8. A goat which walks properly can’t live for a long time. According to Darwin, this represents ———–.
9. Forelimb of whale is for swimming whereas in horse it is used for ———–.
10. The study of fossils is called ———–.

Answer:

1. evolution
2. heredity
3. Round, wrinkled, yellow, green
4. 100
5. dominant
6. 22, one pair
7. geometrical, arithmetic
8. survival of the fittest
9. running
10. palaeontology

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is not a variation in rose plant?  [ ]
   A) Coloured petals
   B) Spines
   C) Tendrils
   D) Leaf margin
   Answer: C
2. According to Mendel, alleles are  [ ]
   A) Pair of genes , Responsible for character
   B) gene
   C) Production of Gametes
   D) Recessive factors
   Answer: B
3. Natural selection means  [ ]
   A) Nature selects desirable characters
   B) Nature rejects undesirable characters
   C) Nature reacts with an organism
   D) A, B
   Answer: A
4. Palaeontologists deal with  [ ]
   A) Fossilised Embryological evidences
   B) Fossil evidences
   C) Fossilised Vestigial organ evidences
   D) All
   Answer: D

10th Class Biology 8th Lesson Heredity InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 166

Question 1.
How does evolution take place?
Answer:

1. Evolution takes place through the accumulation of new characters or variations in a species of organisms.
2. Accumulation of variations occurs only when new characters are passed on from one generation to other and much more new characters are added to the pre-existing once.
3. So this happens oVer a kirig period of time, sometimes several generations may pass.
4. Hence it happens in a slow and steady manner.
5. It is not just about change but producing something new and different.
6. It is about the formation of new species and their adaptation to their environments.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 168

Question 2.
Is variation all about apparent differences? Or is it about some subtle differences as well that we most often overlook?
Answer:

1. Variations are not always apparent differences.
2. Sometimes these may be subtle differences that we most often overlook.
3. When these subtle differences accumulate together they may become apparent.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 171

Question 3.
How do parent plants pass on their traits to the seeds?
Answer:

1. Every character or trait is controlled by a pair of factors called genes.
2. At the time of sexual reproduction, one factor or each trait will pass to the gametes.
3. By the fussion of male and female gametes zygote will form in which factors from both male and female parents get paired again.
4. This zygote will develop into seed in the later stages.
5. Thus parent plants pass on their traits to the seeds.

Question 4.
Will the seeds from tall plants always produce new tall plants?
Answer:

1. No. Tall plants may or may not produce tall plants again.
2. This is because tallness is a dominant character in most of the plants, especially in peas.
3. So tall plant may be homozygous tall (TT) or heterozygous tall (Tt).
4. If the parental plant is homozygous tall (pure breed), then they always produce new tall plants.
5. If the parental plant is a heterozygous tall plant, then they produce the tall and dwarf plants in the ratio of 3 : 1.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 175

Question 5.
What should be the percentage of each type of plants in F₂ generation produced in dihybrid cross between pea plants with yellow, smooth seeds and green wrinkled seeds?
Answer:

1. In F₂ generation of dihybrid cross between pea plants with yellow, smooth seeds and green wrinkled seeds, new plants will produce with the following combination.
   i) Round and yellow
   ii) Round and green and
   iii) Wrinkled and green iv) Wrinkled and yellow
2. They will produce in the ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 respectively.
3. So 56 (56.25%) of plants should be with round and yellow seeds. 19 (18.75%) of plants should be with wrinkled and yellow seeds. 19 (18.75 %) of plants should be with round and green seeds and 6% (6. 25%) of plants should be with wrinkled and green seeds.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 178

Question 6.
What will happen if the sperm containing X chromosomes fertilizes the ovum?
Answer:

1. If the sperm containing X chromosomes fertilizes the ovum which has X chromosome, the baby will have XX condition.
2. So the baby will be a girl.

Question 7.
Who decides the sex of the baby – mother or father?
Answer:
Father decides the sex of the baby.

Question 8.
Is the sex also a character or trait? Does It follow Mendels’ law of dominance?
Answer:

1. Yes, sex is also a character or a trait.
2. It has two contrasting characters male and female.
3. Male character is represented by a pair of allosomes ‘XY‘ (heterozygous).
4. In this, we can consider Y as dominant and X as recessive.
5. In this, recessive character is expressed only when it is homozygous recessive, i.e. female.
6. Homozygous dominant is not existing as reproduction occurs between male (heterozygous dominent XY) and female (homozygous recessive XX) only.
7. As X is not exhibiting its nature when Y is present along with it. it follows Mendel’s law of dominance.

Question 9.
Were all your traits similar to that of your parents?
Answer:

1. No, all my traits are not similar to my parents.
2. There are certain traits which differ from my parents.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 185

Question 10.
How does the evolution of organisms have taken place?
Answer:

1. Variations which are beneficial are selected by nature and passed from parents to offspring through heredity.
2. The same process happens with every new generation until the variation becomes common feature.
3. As the environment changes, the organism within environment adopts and changes to the new living conditions.
4. Over a long period of time, each species of organisms can acuumulate so many changes that it becomes a new species.
5. Thus evolution of organisms took place from common pre-existing ancestors.

Question 11.
Are birds and bats more closely related to each other than to squirrels or lizards?
Answer:

1. No, bats are mammals whereas birds belong to aves.
2. Squirrels are mammals and lizards belong to reptiles.
3. So bats and birds are not closely related to each other as they belong to two different groups.
4. Both bats and birds have wings.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 186

Question 12.
Do embryological evidences indicate that frogs have evolved from ancestors of fish?
Answer:
Yes the embryological evidences indicate that frogs have evolved from ancestors of fish.

Question 13.
Does the life history of every individual exhibit the structural features of their ancestors?
Answer:

1. Yes. The life history of every individual exhibit the structural features of its ancestors.
2. The resemblance is so close at an early stage.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 189

Question 14.
Think why did ancient human beings travelled from one place to other and how did they travelled?
Answer:

1. Ancient human beings travelled from one place to other in search of better living conditions such as availability of food, water shelter and other facilities.
2. They did not travel in a single line.
3. They went forwards and backwards with groups, sometimes separating from each other.
4. This travel is responsible for the formation of races.

10th Class Biology Textbook Page No. 183

Question 15.
In a forest there are two types of deer, in which one type of deer can run very fast. Whereas second type of deer can not run as fast as the first one. Lions, Tigers hunt deer for their food. Imagine which type of deer are going to survive in the forest and which type of deer population is going to be eliminated? And why?
Answer:

1. Deer that can run fast can survive in the forest. Because they can escape easily from lions and tigers, when compared to second type.
2. Deer that run slowly are going to be eliminated. Because they can be caught easily by its predators. So the survival chance will decrease.

10th Class Biology 8th Lesson Heredity Activities

Activity – 1

Think of your own family, what similarities do you share with your father and mother? Draw a table to represent the similarities of some characters like colour of eye (cornea), colour of hair, shape of nose, shape of face, type of earlobe (attached or free), inner thumb markings, etc. Write your characters in one column and that of your parents in the other columns.
Table – 1

Characters	In me	In my Mother/Father	In my Brother/Sister	In my grandma/grandpa

Answer:

S.No.	Characters	In me	In my Mother/Father	In my Brother/Sister	In my grandma/grandpa
1.	Colour of eye	Black	Black	Black	Black
2.	Colour of hair	Black	Black	Black	Black
3.	Shape of nose	Long	Long	Short	Short
4.	Shape of face	Oval	Round	Oval	Oval
5.	Type of earlobe	Free	Free	Free	Free
6.	Type of hair	Curling	Curling	Straight	Straight
7.	Inner thumb marking	Conical	Round	Round	Conical
8.	Skin colour	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair

1. Is there any character in you similar to that of your mother as well as your grandma?
Answer:
There are four characters in me similar to my mother as well as my grandma. They are

1. Colour of eye
2. Colour of hair
3. Type of earlobe and
4. Skin colour.

2. Is there any character in you similar only to that of your grandma?
Answer:
Two characters are similar in me and in my grandma. They are

1. Shape of face and
2. Inner thumb marking.

3. How do you think these characters may have been inherited by you from grandma?
Answer:
These characters are hereditary from parent to child.

4. Is there any character that is not present in grandma but present in your mother and you?
Answer:
Two characters are not present in grandma which are only present in me and my mother. They are

1. Shape of nose
2. Type of hair

5. Think where from your mother got that character?
Answer:
This character is the result of inherited traits transmitted from parent to progeny.

Activity – 2
Observe some of your friends and note their characters in the following table. Fill in yours as well.
Table – 2

Name of your friend	Colour of skin	Earlobes Free / Attached	Marking on inner side of thumb	Length of forehead	Colour of eyes (Cornea)	Any other features

Answer:

Name of your friend	Colour of skin	Earlobes Free / Attached	Marking on inner side of thumb	Length of forehead	Colour of eyes (Cornea)	Any other features
Ravi	Black	Free	Round	Broad	Blue	Straight hair, long nose, and face, etc.
Ganesh	Black	Attached	Conical	Narrow	Black	Straight hair, short nose, oval face, etc.
Vi jay	Fair	Free	Conical	Broad	Black	Curling hair, short nose, round face, etc.
Karthik	Fair	Free	Round	Broad	Black	Straight hair, long nose, round face, etc.

1. Compare your characters to that of any one of your friend. How many characters did you find were similar among you and your friend?
Answer:
Only few characters such as black hair and black eye were similar among me and my friend.

2. Do you share more similar characters with your parents or with your friends?
Answer:
I share more similar characters with my parents than my friends.

3. Do you think that your differences from parents are same as differences from friends? Why / Why not?
Answer:
My differences from parents are not same as differences from friend. This is because the differences from parents are subtle as there is more genetic relation with parents but the differences from friends are apparent.

Activity – 3

Observe seeds in a pea or bean pod. You may observe several parts to arrive at a generalisation.

1. Can you find two similar seeds there?
Answer:
No, all the seeds are not similar. They had certain variations.

2. What makes them vary? even though they are in the same pod. (Hint: You know that seeds are formed from ovules).
Answer:

1. They vary from one another because they are produced from different ovules.
2. Ovules of a plant are female gametes.
3. These gametes carry different factors (genes) for different characters randomly.

3. Why variations are important? How are variations useful for an organism or a population?
Answer:

1. Variations perhaps help a certain group of organisms in a community when conditions would otherwise be unfavourable for other groups.
2. Desirable variations can be selected by nature.
3. Desirable variations increase the chance of survival of an organism.
4. Accumulation of variations after a long period leads to formation of new species.

Activity – 4

Let us do the following activity to understand the Mendelian principles of Heredity. Materials required :
a) 3 cm length and 1cm breadth chart pieces – 4
b) 2 cm length and 1cm breadth chart pieces – 4
c) Red buttons – 4
d) White buttons – 4
e) Chart, scale, sketch pen, pencil, 2 bags.

Method: Prepare a chart with 2×2 boxes along with number and symbol as shown in the figure.

Game 1: Monohybrid cross (starting with hybrid parents)
To start with take 1, 2 or 3, 4 . In case you start 1, 2 pick all the 16 long and short pieces and prepare such pairs in each of which you have a long and short piece.

Take 4 pairs each of long and short strips and put them in two separate bags. Now each bag contains 8 strips (4 long and 4 short).One bag say ‘A’ represents male and the bag ‘B’ represents female. Now randomly pick one strip each from bag A and B and put them together in the 1 on the chart. Keep picking out the strips and arrange them in the same manner till your bags are empty. Same time your boxes in the chart are filled with pairs of strips. You might have got the following combinations, two long strips, one long and one short strip, two short strips.

1. What is the number of long strip pairs?
Answer:
There are four long strip pairs.

2. What is the number of one long and one short pairs?
Answer:
There are eight, one long and one short strip pairs.

3. What is the number of short strips pairs?
Answer:
There are four short strip pairs.

4. What is the percentage of each type? Also find their ratios.
Answer:
The percentage of long strip pairs, one long and one short strip pairs and short strip pairs are 25%, 50% and 25% respectively and the ratio is 1 : 2 : 1.

5. What can you conclude from this game?
Answer:
From this game I have concluded that:

1. Every individual possesses a pair of alleles, for any particular trait.
2. Each parent passes a randomly selected copy (allele) of these to an offspring.
3. The offspring then receives its own pair of alleles for that trait one each from both parents.
4. If the long strip is considered as dominant 75% exhibit dominant and 25% exhibit recessive character. Thus the phenotype ratio is 3 : 1 in monohybrid cross.
5. The genotype ratio is 1 : 2 : 1.

Activity – 5

Observe the below diagram showing variation in beetle population and its impact.
Let us consider a group of twelve beetles. They live in bushes on green leaves. Their population will grow by sexual reproduction. So they were able to generate variations in population. Let us assume crows eat these red beetles. If the crows eat more Red beetles, their population is slowly reduced. Let us discuss the above three different situations in detail.
Answer:
Situation-1: In this situation, a colour variation arises during reproduction. So that there appears one beetle that is green in colour instead of red.
Moreover, this green coloured beetle passes its colour to Its offspring (Progeny). So that all its progeny are green. Crows cannot see the green coloured beetles on green leaves of the bushes and therefore crows cannot eat them. But crows can see the red beetles and eat them. As a result there are more and more green beetles than red ones which decrease in their number.

The variation of colour in beetle ‘green’ gave a survival advantage to’green beetles’ than red beetles. In other words it was naturally selected. We can see that the ‘natural selection’ was exerted by the crows. The more crows there are, the more red beetles would be eaten and the more number of green beetles in the population would be. Thus the natural selection is directing evolution in the beetle population. It results in adaptation in the beetle population to fit in their environment better.

Let us think of another situation.
Situation-2: In this situation a colour variation occurs again in its progeny during reproduction, but now it results in ‘blue’ colour beetles instead of ‘red’colour beetle. This blue colour beetled can pass its colour to its progeny. So that all its progeny are blue.
Crows can see blue coloured beetles on the green leaves of the bushes and the red ones as well. And therefore crows can eat both red and blue coloured beetles. In this case there is no survival advantage for blue coloured beetles as we have seen in case of green coloured beetles.

What happens initially in the population, there are a few blue beetles,but most are red. Imagine at this point an elephant comes by and stamps on the bushes where the beetles live. This kills most of the beetles. By chance the few beetles survived are mostly blue. Again the beetle population slowly increases. But in the beetle population most of them are in blue colour.

Thus sometimes accidents may also result in changes in certain characters of the population. Characters as we know are governed by genes. Thus there is change in the frequency of genes in small populations. This is known as “Genetic drift’, which provides diversity in the population.

Let us think of another situation :
Situation-3: In this case beetles population is increasing, but suddenly bushes were affected by a plant disease in which leaf material were destroyed or in which leaves are affected by this beetles got less food material.
So beetles are poorly nourished. So the weight of beetles decrease but no changes take place in their genetic material (DNA). After a few years the plant disease are eliminated. Bushes are healthy with plenty of leaves.

What do you think will be condition of the beetles?
Answer:
The weight of beetles will increase once again as they get plenty of food material again.

Activity – 6

Let us observe different stages of development of vertebrate embryos. Try to find out similarities and differences and discuss with your friends.
(OR)
What do you infer about the embroyological evidences of various organisms?
Answer:

1. There are remarkable similarities in the embryos of different animals from fish to man.
2. The resemblance is so close at an early stage.
3. Gradually the similarities are decreased when they become babies.
4. The embryological evidences give us an idea that all the organisms have evolved from a common ancestors.

 

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 7 Let us Measure

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 7th Lesson Fun with Magnets

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are conventional methods of measurement?
Answer:
The conventional methods of measurement are Foot – space, Hand – space, and Cubit.

Question 2.
What are the units for length?
Answer:
Meter is the standard unit of length.

Question 3.
What do you mean by area? What is the standard unit to measure area?
Answer:
Square centimeter (cm²) is the standard unit to measure area.

Question 4.
What is the instrument used to measure the volume of liquids?
Answer:
Measuring cylinder.

Question 5.
What is the yard?
Answer:
A distance between the nose and tip of the figure is called a yard.

Question 6.
Who made the first scale? Now, where is it?
Answer:
France made the first scale and now it is in France museum.

Question 7.
What was the material used by France to make the scale?
Answer:
Platinum and iridium.

Question 8.
What are the instruments we used in our daily life to measure the length?
Answer:
We use instruments like plane tape, roll tape, scales with different measurements made with wood plastic, and metals.

Question 9.
Give examples for having cured path?
Answer:
The perimeter of the bucket and perimeter of Kadai or Tava having curved paths.

Question 10.
What is the convenient unit to measure the distance between Guntur to Visakhapatnam?
Answer:
Kilo meter is a suitable unit to measure long distances.

Question 11.
Why cubit can’t be used as a standard unit of length?
Answer:
The cubit can’t be used as a standard unit of length, because the length of the hand or cubit is not equal for all of the people.

Question 12.
What is a cube?
Answer:
The cube is a measurement of 1 cm length 1cm breadth and 1cm of Height.

Question 13.
Which device did we use to measure the length of the curved line?
Answer:
We use the thread to measure the length of a curved line.

Question 14.
How the long-distance is measured?
Answer:
Long-distance is measured by kilometers.
1 kilo meter = 100 meters

Question 15.
The distance between Rama’s house and school is 2500 meters. Convert this distance in to kilometers?
Answer:
1 kilometer = 1000 meters
2500 m = 2500/1000 = 2.5 km

Question 16.
What is the relation between ml and cm3?
Answer:
1 ml = cm³

Question 17.
What is the unit to express the thickens of wires?
Answer:
Milli meters.

Question 18.
Which instruments are used to measure the volumes of milk and liquids?
Answer:
Measuring cylinders.

Question 19.
Which instruments are used to measure the plane of irregular surface?
Answer:
Graph paper.

Question 20.
What is the standard unit of measuring the volume of solids?
Answer:
The standard unit of measuring the volume of solids is ml.

Question 21.
Are you able to measure the volume of loose solids?
Answer:
Yes, we are able to measure the volume of loose solids.

Question 22.
How can you decide a standard unit of volume of a solid?
Answer:
The standard unit of volume of a solid cm³.

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How is the distance yard decided in the early days?
Answer:

• The distance between nose and tip of the middle finger of their king was taken a measure by some people.
• They called this distance as a yard.
• This yard was divided into three equal parts and each part was called as a foot.
• They divided each foot into twelve equal parts called inches.
• Then they divided each inch into smaller parts.

Question 2.
Why there is a need to develop an internationally accepted instrument for measuring lengths?
Answer:

• Each country had its own scale which differs from others, so it lead to commerce a lot of problems in trade and commerce.
• So each country in the world began to make their own sales.
• Finally in France, it was decided that a certain length of rod made of a special material (Platinum – Iridium) would be called a meter.
• This was finally accepted as an instrument of measuring lengths.

Question 3.
What is the standard unit of length? How is it divided into smaller units?
Answer:

• Meter is the standard unit of length.
• The centimeter and millimeters are smaller units of length
  
• 1 Meter (1 m) = 100 centimeters (100 cm)
• 1 Centimeter (1 cm) = 10 millimeters (10 mm)

Question 4.
Describe a measuring cylinder. Where are they used?
Answer:

• A measuring cylinder is a tubular structure with graduations marked on the body.
• We can fill it with liquid and can read markings at the lowest point of the concave surface of the liquid.
• Measuring cylinders are available in different sizes.
• They are used in laboratories to measure a certain volume of liquids like milk, oil etc.

Question 5.
A persons height is written as 1.85 m. Convert it in to cm and milli meters?
Answer:
Person height is 1.85 m
1 meter = 100 cm
1.85 m = 1.85 x 100 = 185 cm
We know that 1 meter = 1000 mm
1.85m = 1.85 x 1000 mm = 1850 mm

Question 6.
Why meter scale is used to measure the cloth length?
Answer:

• The meter scale is an internationally accepted instrument for measuring length.
• This avoids a lot of problems in international trades and commerce.
• The length measures with the meter is constant anywhere in the world.

Question 7.
Why did women use their hands to measure the jasmine flowers sting?
Answer:
Accuracy is not important in measuring the jasmine string.
Various in measurement is negligible in this trade.
So, there is no problem by using hand measurement in this aspect.
And this is also an old tradition of our country that will be continued.

Question 8.
Define volume? What is its importance?
Answer:
Volume is a measure of extent space that occupy a body.
Apart from the measuring of volume of liquids we also measure the volumes of solids like sand and clay.

• We use measuring cylinders to measure the volume of liquids as milk, kerosene and oil.
• The volume of liquid is expressed in liters or in ml.

Question 9.
How is meter scale designed and what is it subunits? Where it is preserved?
Answer:

• In France, it was decided that a certain length of rod made of a special material (Platinum-Iridium) would be called a meter.
• The meter was divided into 100 equal parts called centimeters.
• Each centimeter was further divided into ten equal parts called millimeters.
• Now we are using this as a standard measurement for length throughout the world.
• This original scale is preserved in a museum in France.

Question 10.
How do you measure the length with a meter scale?
Answer:

• The zero marks on the scale are made to coincide with one end of the table and the reading at the point which is coinciding with the other end of the table is taken.
• Since a meter scale has some thickness.
• We may make an error if the eye is not correctly positioned.
• The correct position of the eye is vertically above the end where the reading is to be taken.

Question 11.
How do you select a suitable instrument to measure length?
Answer:
I select a tape to which is a suitable instrument to measure the length.

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What precautions must be taken while using a meter scale?
Answer:
We must take the following precautions while using a meter scale:

• The scale should be placed exactly along length to be measured.
• Zero-point of the scale should be coincide with the starting point of the length to be measured.
• Our eyes must be vertically above the point of coincidence of scale where the measurement is to be taken.
• Ensure that the ends of scale are not worn out.
• Measure the length of an object more than two times and then take the average of these measurements for accuracy.

Question 2.
How do you measure the height of your classmate using a meter scale?
Answer:

• I shall ask my classmate to stand with his / her back against a wall.
  
• I put a mark on the wall exactly above his / her head.
• Then I measure the distance, from the floor to this mark on the wall, with a scale.
• The same procedure is followed to some other students and their observations are recorded in the table.

Question 3.
How do you measure the length accurately with a meter scale?
Answer:

• In our day-to-day work, we use a wooden/plastic scale to measure lengths.
• It is marked or graduated in centimeters and millimeters.
• Take a scale. The zero mark on the scale is made to coincide with one end of the table.
• And the reading at the point which is coinciding with the other end of the table is taken.
• Since a meter-scale has some thickness, we may make an error if the eye is not correctly positioned.
• The correct position of the eye is which is vertically above the end where the reading is to be taken.

Question 4.
Observe the given of figure. In each figure, vertical and horizon¬tal lines divide the surface into certain number of parts.

Now answer the following questions?
i) Which figure has more area and why?
Answer:
I think, both the figures have same area.

ii) Are all the parts in both figures equal?
Answer:
No, in both figure length and breadth are not equal.

iii) What is the shape of the smaller part in each diagram?
Answer:
It has square shape.

iv) Is the length and breadth of each smaller part are equal?
Answer:
Yes, the length and breadth of each smaller part are equal.

v) Measure the length and breadth of any one part of each diagram. What do you notice?
Answer:
We notice that they have equal area with different measurements.

Question 5.
How can you measure the area of a rectangular surface?
Answer:

• Cut a cardboard into a shape of rectangle having length 4 cm and breadth 2 cm as shown in Figure.
  
• Let us measure its area. The convenient unit to measure the area of given cardboard would be cm2.
• Take a centimeter graph paper. Each small square on this graph paper has a side equal to 1 cm.
• The area of each small square on this graph paper is 1 cm2.
• Place the cardboard on the centimeter graph paper (figure).
• and draw its outline with the help of a sharp pencil.
• Now remove the cardboard and mark the shape as PQRS.
• Count the number of squares inside the outline. The number of squares is 8.
• Area of the cardboard is equal to the area covered by PQRS on the graph paper.
• Area of PQRS = Total area of unit squares inside the PQRS
  = 8 x area of 1 unit square
  = 8 x 1cm² = 8 cm²
  In this case, the cardboard we used has a regular shape – rectangle.

Question 6.
Write about the measuring cylinder?
Answer:

• Measuring cylinder is cylindrical in shape, with graduations marked on its body.
• Measuring cylinders are available in different sizes.
  
• They are used in laboratories to measure a certain volume of a liquid and to measure milk, oils, etc by shop keepers.
• We can fill it with the liquid to be measured and then read the marking at the lowest point of the concave surface of liquid.
• We must bring our eyes in line with this level of liquid and then read it.
• Apart from measuring the volumes of liquids, we also measure the volumes of solids, for example, loose solids like sand, clay, and ready-mix of cement.

Question 7.
See the picture and answer the following questions?

i) Can we measure long distances such as one country to other country using the instruments?
Answer:
No, its not possible.

ii) If not, how are these distances measured?
Answer:
Long distances are used in kilo meters.

iii) What instruments are used?
Answer:
An odometer is used to measure the kilometers.

iv) Is there any other way to measure very large distances?
Answer:
Very long distances are generally denoted in light-years. That is, distance traveled by light in one year.

Question 8.
Narrate the story of scale?
Answer:
Many hundred years ago, people used to measure distances with their hand-spans, strides or foot-spans.

• One day a very tall man went to a shop to buy some cloth. He asked for three and a half arm’s length of cloth.
• The shopkeeper measured three arm lengths of cloth and then added approximately another half-arm length.
• The man felt that the shopkeeper had cheated on him. So he measured the cloth with his arms and found that the cloth was not even three arm lengths.
• He told the shopkeeper that the length of the cloth was less than three-and-a-half arms when he measured with his own arm.
• The shopkeeper replied that his own arm was the standard for measuring. They both argued about whose arm was to be taken as a standard measure.
• In those days, people arguing over measuring the length of fields, ropes, and hundreds of other things must have been a familiar fight. How should one measure a half or a quarter arm length
• Finally, some sensible people got together and decided to have a scale of a fixed length.
• In order to measure subunits, they marked this scale with several smaller but equal divisions.
• They then decided that everyone would measure lengths with this scale.
• They used wood and metal to make scales of the same length.

Question 9.
How do you measure the volume of a cardboard box?
Answer:

• We measure the volume of cardboard with the help of cube boxes.
• Each cube has a measurement of 1 cm length, 1 cm breadth, and 1 cm height.
• The volume of one cube is equal to 1cm x 1cm x 1cm = 1 cm³ which is known as 1 cubic centimeter and written as 1 cm³.
• A cubic centimeter is a standard unit for the measurement of the volume of solids.
• Therefore the volume of the rectangular cardboard box is equal to the total number of cubes occupying it. Therefore the volume of a rectangular cardboard box
  = 12 x 1 cm³ = 12 cm³.
• However, if we multiply length, breadth and height, it would be
  3 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm = 12 cm³
• Therefore, we can say the volume of a box = length x breadth x height