Category: Class 6

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Basic Electric Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 10th Lesson Basic Electric Circuits

6th Class Science 10th Lesson Basic Electric Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The flow of electricity in a circuit is called ——–.
Answer:
current
2. A ——– helps us to allow or break the flow of electricity in a circuit.
Answer:
switch
3. Substances that allow electricity to pass through them are known as ——–.
Answer:
conductors
4. The electric bulb was invented by ——–.
Answer:
Thomas Alva Edison

Choose the correct answer.

1. In a bulb the part which gives us light is
A) Metal Base
B) Glass Chamber
C) Filament
D) Terminals
Answer:
C) Filament

2. Which of the following is an insulator?
A) Hairpin
B) Iron Nail
C) Plastic Scale
D) Pencil Lead
Answer:
C) Plastic Scale

3. The metal used in making filaments of present-day bulbs is
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Tungsten
D) Cotton
Answer:
C) Tungsten

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What is an electric circuit? Explain with a diagram.
Answer:

1. An arrangement in which a cell and a bulb are connected by using wires is called a simple electric circuit.
   
2. A simple electric circuit is a path for the flow of electric current between cell and the bulb.

Question 2.
What are the parts of a torchlight?
Answer:
The parts of a torchlight are

1. Hollow cylindrical barrel
2. Torch cells
3. Bulb
4. Glass cover
5. Reflector
6. Switch
7. Metal spring

Question 3.
Classify the following into conductors and insulators:
Water, Plastic pen, Pencil lead, Dry cotton cloth, Wet cotton cloth, Dry wood, Wet wood.
Answer:

S.No.	Conductors	S.No.	Insulators
1	Pencil lead	4	Water
2	Wet cotton cloth	5	Plastic pen
3	Wet wood	6	Dry cotton cloth
		7       –	Dry wood

Question 4.
What will happen if the cells in a torch are arranged as shown in the following figure? Why?

Answer:

1. The bulb does not glow.
2. Because two positive terminals of the cells are connected to each other which does not provide a closed path.

Question 5.
Niharika observed an electrician repairing a street light wearing gloves on his hand. She asked him some questions. What would be those questions?
Answer:

1. Why do you wear gloves?
2. With what the gloves are made up of?
3. How do these gloves help in your work?
4. What will happen if the glows are made up of cloth instead of rubber?

Question 6.
A circuit is connected with a cell, bulb, and a switch, but the bulb is not glowing. Write all possible reasons for this.
Answer:

1. The cell used might have been totally discharged.
2. The bulb taken might have been fused.
3. The switch arranged may not be in touch with the wires as expected.
4. Any breakages in the circuit cause failure.

Question 7.
How do you test the materials given to you, to know whether they are conductors or insulators?
Answer:
Aim: To test the given materials to know whether they are conductors or insulators What you need? (Materials required): a cell (power source), a bulb, connecting wires, wooden plank or thermocol sheet, two drawing pins, and the materials provided to test.
How to do? (Procedure):

1. Connect a circuit on a wooden plank or on a thermocol sheet as shown in Fig.
   
2. Insert two drawing pins at A and B.
3. insert the given materials in the gap between A and B one after another.
4. With each insertion, check whether the bulb glows or not.

What do you see? (Observation): The bulb glows only when some materials like a safety pin, iron nail were inserted. It does not glow when the materials like paper, eraser were inserted.
What do you learn? (Result): Bulb glows only when an electric current passes through the materials. So all the materials which made the bulb glow are conductors and the remaining are insulators.

Question 8.
Draw a circuit diagram showing a cell, switch, and bulb.
Answer:

Question 9.
If you put the switch on, a light will glow, a fan will rotate, an iron box heats up etc. All these different functions will be performed by electricity. How do you feel about the comforts given by this great invention to human beings?
Answer:

1. Electricity plays a key role in modern technology.
2. Without electricity, most of the things could never work. (i.e. TV, Computer, bulb, etc…)
3. We can’t imagine our life without electricity.
4. Electricity is a gift given by scientists to human beings.
5. Electricity is a basis for new inventions.

Question 10.
List the daily activities in which we use electricity.
Answer:
Following are our daily activities in which we use electricity.

1. Electric bulb and fluorescent lights etc.
2. Washing machine and Grinder
3. Electric fan and Electric iron
4. Television and Tape recorders
5. Computers and Motors to lift water etc.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 115

Question 1.
In activity 4, we observed some situations where the torch bulb glows. Niharika challenged her friends that she could make the bulb not glow even with the cells kept in the proper position. What would she have done?
Answer:

1. Niharika might have put an insulator in between the two cells.
2. Or she might have used the powerless batteries.

Question 2.
Connect a circuit as shown in the given diagram.

a) Does the bulb glow? Why?
b) Draw the circuit so that the bulb glows.
c) Verify it by connecting cells and bulbs as per the circuit drawn.
Answer:
a) The bulb does not glow. As the positive terminals of the two cells are connected. So current does not flow and bulb does not glow.
b)

c) I have connected the circuit as shown in (b) and found the bulb glowing.

Question 3.
You have studied the story of Thomas Alva Edison. Write a note appreciating his efforts in inventing the bulb.
Answer:

1. Thomas Alva Edison was a famous scientist who invented the bulb.
2. He experimented with a number of different filaments.
3. His goal was to find materials that would light well and last for a long time.
4. Though he failed a number of times he worked hard continuously to get success.
5. Without an electric bulb, we can’t imagine our life.

Question 4.
Connect circuits as shown in the following figure. Write your observation in each case.

Answer:
a) The bulb does not glow as the +ve terminals of the two cells are directly connected.
b) The bulb glows as the cells are connected correctly.
c) The bulb glows and gives dim light as only one cell is connected.
d) The bulb glows brilliantly as the three cells are connected in series and more current flows in the bulb.

6th Class Science 10th Lesson Basic Electric Circuits Activities

Activity – 1

1. Let us take a torch cell and observe it. Can you describe it? (Page No. 108)
Answer:

1. The cell consists of a cylindrical metal can.
2. Its heaviness suggests that it is filled with some chemicals.
3. The protrusion on one end is due to a carbon rod in the centre.
4. At the top of the cell, a metal cap is fixed.
5. This metal cap act as the positive (+) terminal of the cell.
6. Opposite to this, the bottom of the cell (metal can) act as a negative (-) terminal of the cell.
7. The entire can is sealed.
8. Positive and negative terminals of the cell are labelled on it as + and – respectively.

Activity – 2

Simple electric circuits (Page No. 108)

2. Take four wires of different colours, say blue, green, red and yellow, each about 15 cm long. Electric wires are often covered with plastic. First, remove about two centimetres of the plastic covering, from both ends of each wire. Now attach two wires (Blue and Green) to a bulb and two wires (Red and Yellow) to a cell with a cello-tape or cell-holder as shown in Fig. 4(a). We can use a cell holder to hold the cells and wires together tightly.
Now connect the wires in different forms as shown in Fig. 4(b) to 4(g). In each case, check whether the bulb glows or not. Record your observations in Table 1.

Answer:

Connection	Does the bulb glow (Yes / No)
Fig (b)	No
Fig (c)	No
Fig (d)	Yes
Fig (e)	Yes
Fig (f)	No
Fig (g)	No

• In which case does the bulb glow? Why?
  Answer:
  The bulb glows in connections shown in Fig. 4(d) and Fig. 4(e). This is because in these connections form a closed path.
• In which case the bulb does not glow? Why?
  Answer:
  In the remaining cases means like in Figs. 4(b), 4(C), 4KO, and 4(g), bulb does not glow.
  This is because there is some gap in the path. (circuit is open)

Activity – 3

Electric Switch (Page No. 110)

3. Connect a circuit on a wooden plank or on a thermocol sheet as shown in Figure. Insert two drawing pins at A and B. Insert a safety pin in between A and B. such that one end of the pin is completely in contact with B and the other end is left free. Now observe the bulb.

• What do you notice?
  Answer:
  The bulb does not glow.
  Now touch the safety pin to pin A and observe the bulb again.
• What happens?
  Answer:
  The bulb glows.
• Why doesn’t the bulb glow when the safety pin is left free at one end?
  Answer:
  In this activity, the safety pin is used to close /open the circuit. When the safety pin is left free at one end, the circuit is open. So the bulb doesn’t glow.

Activity – 4

4. Take a torch that has two cells. Arrange the cells in the torch in as many ways as you can. In which cases does the bulb glow and in which cases it doesn’t? Draw pictures showing different positions of cells and glowing of bulb. Can you find out why the bulb glows only when cells are placed in a particular position? (Page No. 111)

Answer:
The bulb glows only in the first position. This is because in the remaining positions the circuit is being open as the cell’s terminals are not in a proper sequence. In the first position they are in proper sequence, so the circuit is closed. As a result the bulb glows.

Activity – 5

Identifying conductors and insulators (Page No. 111)

5. Take the circuit which we used in activity-3, as shown in Figure. Remove the safety pin from the drawing pins so that you have two open terminals A and B.

Insert different objects like a hair pin, safety pin, eraser, plastic scale, match stick, piece of a metal bangle, piece of a glass bangle, paper clip etc. in the gap between A and B. With each insertion, check whether the bulb glows or not. Record your observations in table 2 for each case.
Answer:

S.No.	Object	Name of the Material	Does the bulb glow (Yes/No)	Conductor/Insulator
1.	Hair pin	Metal	Yes	Conductor
2.	Pencil lead	Lead	Yes	Conductor
3.	Eraser	Rubber	No	Insulator
4.	Plastic scale	Plastic	No	Insulator
5.	Match stick	Wood	No	Insulator
6.	Divider from geometry box	Metal	Yes	Conductor
7.	Piece of paper	Paper	No	Insulator
8.	Iron nail	Iron	Yes	Conductor
9.	Piece of Metal bangle	Metal	Yes	Conductor
10.	Piece of Glass bangle	Glass	No	Insulator
11.	Paper clip	Metal	Yes	Conductor
12.	Piece of chalk	Chalk	No	Insulator
13.	Safety pin	Metal	Yes	Conductor

• If you look at table 2, after recording your observations you will find that the bulb glows in some cases and does not glow in other cases. Can you guess the reason?
  Answer:
  Bulb glows in some cases as they allow an electric current to pass through them. They are conductors.
  Bulb does not glow in other cases as they do not allow the electric current to pass through them. They are insulators.
• Can you group the objects you observed in your daily life as conductors and insulators? Make a list of objects and group them as conductors and insulators and write in table-3
  Answer:

  S.No.	Conductors	Insulators
  1	Metals	Water
  2	Iron	Air
  3	Silver	Plastic
  4	Salt water	Wood
  5	Copper	Rubber
  6	Aluminium	Paper

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Fun with Magnets

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain why do pins get attached to the cap of the pin holder.
Answer:
Pins get attached to the cap of the pin holder because it contains a magnet.

Question 2.
Why the natural magnets are called leading stones?
Answer:
Natural magnets are used for finding direction, So they are also called ‘leading stones’ or ‘lode stones’.

Question 3.
From which part of the magnet do you feel more difficulty in removing iron filings?
Answer:
I felt more difficulty in removing iron filings from the poles of the magnet.

Question 4.
What property of the magnet is used to make the magnetic compass?
Answer:
The directional property of the magnet is used to make the magnetic compass.

Question 5.
What is the important precaution you have to take with the magnetic compass?
Answer:
The magnetic compass and magnets should not be put together.

Question 6.
What will happen to the magnet when we cut it into two pieces?
Answer:
When we cut a bar magnet into two pieces, both these pieces act as magnets and we get two magnets.

Question 7.
How can you separate metal scrap from a heap of waste materials in a scrap yard?
Answer:
We can separate metal scrap from a heap of waste materials in a scrap yard with the help of magnets.

Question 8.
You are given a bar magnet How will you find out the west direction?
Answer:
The two poles of a bar magnet point towards the north and south direction, so the west direction can be easily located.

Question 9.
A carpenter by chance mixes iron nails and screws with wood shavings while working. How can you help him in getting back the nails and screws from the wood shavings?
Answer:
We can’ help him in getting back the nails and screw from wood shavings with the help of a magnet.

Question 10.
What is magnetic induction?
Answer:
The magnetic property possessed by a magnetic substance due to the presence of a magnet near it is called ‘magnetic, induction’.

Question 11.
What is the sure test for magnetism?
Answer:
Repulsion and not attraction is the sure test for magnetism.

Question 12.
What is meant by the directional property of magnets?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always come to rest in north and south directions. This property of magnets is called a directional property.

Question 13.
On what principle electromagnetic trains work?
Answer:
Electromagnetic trains work on the principle that – Magnetic objects can levitate by using repulsion.

Question 14.
Draw the diagram of the horseshoe magnets.
Answer:

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are magnetic and non magnetic materials? Give examples.
Answer:

1. The materials that are attracted by magnets are called magnetic materials.
2. Examples: Iron, Steel, Cobalt, etc.
3. The materials that are not attracted by magnets are called non-magnetic substances.
4. Examples: Brass, Plastic, Wood, Paper, etc.

Question 2.
Which part of the bar magnet attracts more iron filings? What do you conclude from this?
Answer:

1. The ends of the bar magnet attract more iron filings than the middle part of the magnet.
2. We conclude that every bar magnet always has two ends whose attracting capacity is more than its other parts.
3. These ends are called ‘Poles’ of the magnet.

Question 3.
When do magnets attract each other?
Answer:

1. When two bar magnets with their opposite poles are placed side by side at a small distance the magnets attract each other.
2. Opposite poles of the magnets attract.

Question 4.
When do the magnets repel each other?
Answer:

1. When two magnets with their like poles are placed side by side at a small distance the magnets repel each other.
2. Like poles of the magnets repel.

Question 5.
Fill up the following table.

Poles	They are called	We observe
North – ………..	…………..	Attraction
North – North	Similar poles	……………..
……………….	Similar poles	Repulsion
South – North	Opposite poles	……………..

Answer:

Poles	They are called	We observe
North – South	Opposite poles	Attraction
North – North	Similar poles	Repulsion
South – South	Similar poles	Repulsion
South – North	Opposite poles	Attraction

Question 6.
How is a compass used to find directions?
Answer:

1. A compass has a magnetic needle attached to it which can rotates freely.
2. The magnet always points to N – S direction which is marked on compass and thus help in finding direction.

Question 7.
Why is compass needle kept in a closed glass vessel?
Answer:

1. The compass needle is a small and thin magnet used to find the direction.
2. If it is kept in open, it may deflect in any direction.
3. So to know right direction, it is kept covered by glass covering.

Question 8.
What is the use of a magnetic compass?
Answer:

1. A magnetic compass is used to find directions.
2. It is mostly used in ships and airplanes.
3. Mountaineers and army people also carry a compass with them so that they do not lose their way in an unknown place.

Question 9.
Rajani needs some iron filings to conduct experiments with magnets. She don’t know how to collect them. Help her by explaining the process of collecting iron filings?
Answer:

1. In the experiments with magnets, we need to use iron filings again and again.
2. We can collect these by placing a magnet in a pile of sand and turning it around in the sand.
3. The small pieces of iron present in the sand will stick to the magnet.
4. If we cannot find sand we can look for iron pieces in clay soil as well.

Question 10.
‘Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other” – How can you prove this statement?
Answer:

1. Take two similar bar magnets.
2. Bring the south pole of a bar magnet close to the south pole of another bar magnet. They repel each other.
3. Now bring the north pole of a bar magnet close to the north pole of another bar magnet. They also repel each other. This confirms like poles repel each other.
4. Now bring the south pole of a bar magnet to the north pole of another bar magnet, vice versa. They attract each other confirming that unlike poles attract each other.

Question 11.
How do the properties of magnets get destroyed?
Answer:

1. Magnets lose their properties if they are heated or dropped from a height or hit with a hammer.
2. Magnets lose their properties when they are placed near Cell phone, Computer, DVDs.
3. Improper storage can also cause magnets to lose their properties.

Question 12.
Write the cations for the proper storage of magnets.
Answer:

1. Improper storage can cause magnets to lose their properties.
2. To keep them safe, bar magnets should be kept in pairs with their unlike poles on the same side.
3. They must be separated by a piece of wood and two pieces of soft iron should be placed across their ends.
4. For a horse-shoe magnet a single piece of soft iron can be used as a magnetic keeper across the poles.

Question 13.
What is a suspension train? On what principle it works?
Answer:

1. An Electromagnetic train is called a suspension train or a flying train.
2. It does not require either diesel or petrol.
3. This technology uses the property of magnetic attraction and repulsion to run these super fast electromagnetic trains.
4. Electromagnetic train work on the principle of magnetic levitation. That is – A magnetic object can levitate by using repulsion.

Question 14.
Write the differences between natural magnets and artificial magnets.
Answer:

Natural Magnets	Artificial magnets
1. They occur naturally in nature.	1. They are man made magnets..
2. These are obtained from their ore.	2. They are obtained by magnetization of magnetic materials such as iron.
3. They do not have definite shape	3. They are prepared in different shapes such as round, ring, disc, horse shoe etc.
4. They are called lead stones or leading stones.	4. They are named after their shapes.

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Describe the story of the discovery of magnets?
Answer:

1. About 2500 years back in a place named magnesia in Greek, there lived a shepherd named Magnus.
2. One day while his goats were grassing he took a hap on a rock by keeping his iron caped stick and iron nailed boots on that rock.
3. When he woke up, he found that his iron-capped stick stuck on the rock and stood erect. His iron-nailed boots also stuck on the fock.
4. The entire village assembled there to see this magic.
5. People wondered about this incident, each and everyone expressed their views in different ways.
6. People found it attractive not only the stick of Magnus but also all other materials made of iron.
7. more rocks of these kinds were found worldwide.
8. These magnetic rocks were named ‘Magnets’ and the ore is called ‘Magnetite’ after the name of the boy Magnus.

Question 2.
Describe the construction of a magnetic compass. How is it used? What are its uses? (Imp.)
Answer:
Magnetic Compass:
Description:

1. A compass is usually a small box with glass covering it.
2. A magnetized needle is pivoted inside the box in such a way that it can rotate freely.
3. The compass also has a dial with directions marked on it.

Working with Compass:

1. The compass is kept at the place where we wish to know the direction.
2. Its needle indicates the North-South direction when it comes to rest.
3. The compass is then rotated until the north and south marked on the dial are exactly below the two ends of the needle.
4. To identify the North pole of the magnetic needle, it is usually painted in a different color (see Fig.).
   
5. Then we identify north and south at that place.
6. After that we can also identify the East and West between them.

Uses:

1. A compass is used to find directions and in ships & airplanes.
2. Mountaineers and army people also carry a compass with them so that they do not lose their way in an unknown place.

Question 3.
Observe the picture and answer the following questions.

a) What are the materials required to do this experiment?
b) What precautions you would take while doing this experiment?
c) In which direction the magnet show when it stands rest?
d) What is the instrument made based on this experiment/property?
Answer:
a) Required material:

1. Bar magnet
2. Thread
3. Stand

b) Suspend the bar magnet freely with help of a strong thread tied to the center of the bar magnet.
c) North-South direction.
d) Magnetic compass.

Question 4.
i) According to the pictures write whether rat attracts or repels to the food in the bowl.
ii) Give reasons.

Answer:
A) Rat attracts to the food in the bowl.  Reason: Unlike poles attract each other.
B) Rat repels to the food in the bowl. Reason: Like poles repel each other.
C) Rat attracts to the food in the bowl. Reason: Unlike poles attract each other.
D) Rat repels to the food in the bowl. Reason: Like poles repel each other.

Question 5.
Observe the picture.

i) Identify the name of the picture.
ii) In which direction the magnet needle show when it comes to rest?
iii) What property of the magnet is used to make the instrument?
iv) What is the use of that Instrument?
Answer:
i) Magnetic, compass.
ii) North-South direction.
iii) The directional property of the magnet is used to make the magnet compass.
iv) We use it to find out the direction.

Question 6.
How do you find whether the given object is a magnet or not? You are given three objects of the same size, shape, and color and a bar magnet. Describe your activity.
Answer:
The procedure of the activity:
I bring three objects one after the other close to one pole of the bar magnet and observe whether they get attracted, repelled, or not attracted.
Conclusions:

1. If an object is attracted by one pole of the bar magnet and repelled by its other pole, then I can say that it is a magnet.
2. If an object is attracted by both the poles of a bar magnet and not repelled by any
   pole, then I can say that it is not a magnet but a magnetic substance.
3. If an object is neither attracted by a magnet nor repelled by it, then I can say that it is neither a magnet nor a magnetic substance.

Question 7.
Write a short note on the properties of magnets.
Answer:

1. Magnets attract magnetic materials.
2. A magnet always has two ends whose attracting capacity is more than the parts of it. The poles of the magnet lie at these birds.
3. Each magnet has two magnetic poles: North and South.
4. Like Poles (N-N, S-S) repel each other and unlike poles (N-S, S-N) attract each other.
5. A freely suspended magnet always aligns in the North-South direction.
6. Magnets lose their properties if they are heated or dropped from a height hit with a hammer.

Question 8.
How can you prove that a bar magnet possesses two poles?
Answer:
Aim: To prove that a bar magnet possesses two poles.

What do you need? (Materials required): Iron filings, a sheet of paper, bar magnet.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Spread some iron fillings uniformly on a sheet of paper.
2. Place a bar magnet below this sheet.

What do you see? (Observation):

1. We will notice that the uniformly spread iron filings come close and get concentrate at two points of the paper sheet.
2. At some distance, we will find some scattered iron filings between these two points.

What do you learn? (Result): Thus the ends of the bar magnet attract more iron filings than the middle part of the magnet. By this activity we can conclude that every bar magnet always has two ends whose attracting capacity is more than its other parts. These ends are called poles of the magnet.

Question 9.
How can you demonstrate the directional property of a bar magnet?
Answer:
Aim: To demonstrate the directional property of a bar magnet.
What do you need? (Materials required): Bar magnet, thread, stand and colour.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Suspend the bar magnet freely with the help of a thread tied around its center.
   
2. The magnet finally takes a position in the North-South direction.
3. Mark the end points towards the North with some color.
4. Now disturb the magnet and again wait for some time.

What do you see? (Observation):
Magnets always come to rest in the North-South direction. In each case the marked endpoints towards North.
What do you learn? (Result): The marked end is known as the North pole of the magnet. The other end, which points towards the South is known as the South pole of the magnet. This property of magnets is called directional property.

Question 10.
Draw different shapes of magnets available in your area.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Movement and Locomotion Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Joints of the bone helps in the ——–.
Answer:
movements.
2. The contraction of the ——– pulls the bones during movement.
Answer:
muscle.
3. The bones at the elbow are joined by a ——– joint.
Answer:
hinge.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The immovable joints are present in
A) Knee
B) Shoulder
C) Neck
D) Skull
Answer:

2. The hollow bones are present in
A) Cow
B) Sparrow
C) Buffalo
D) Snake
Answer:

3. The fibers join the muscles to the bones.
A) Tendon
B) Ligament
C) Cartilage
D) None
Answer:
A) Tendon

The joint response to move our head up and down and side to side is
A) Sliding joint
B) Hinge joint
C) Ball and socket joint
D) Pivot joint
Answer:
D) Pivot joint

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
Write short notes on different types of joints in our body.
Answer:
1. The point where two bones meet is called a joint.
2. Joints are of two types. They are movable and immovable (fixed).
3. Movable joints are four types namely 1. Ball and socket 2. Hinge 3. Sliding 4. Pivot
joints.

1. Ball and socket: The rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of the other bone. Such a joint allows movement in all directions. This joint is known as the ball and socket joint. It is present at the shoulder and at the hip region.
   
2. Hinge joint: Like the hinge of a door, the joint which helps the bones to move in one direction is called a hinge joint. These are present at the elbow and knee.
   
3. Sliding joint: The joint where the bones slide over each other is called the sliding joint. It is present in the vertebral column, wrist, and ankle.
   
4. Pivot joint: The joint that joins the skull to the backbone is called the pivot or neck joint, pivot or neck joint.
   

Question 2.
What are the uses of muscles and bones?
Answer:

1. Muscles helps in the locomotion and movements of the body, they also provide shape and structure to the body.
2. Bones provide a base to muscles. They have a key role in body movements and the shape of the body.

Question 3.
Differentiate the ball and socket joint from the hinge joint.
Answer:

Question 4.
How is the body of a fish suitable for swimming?
Answer:

1. The skeleton of the fish is covered with strong muscles.
2. While swimming,-muscles make the front part of the body swing towards one side while the tail swings its body towards the opposite.
3. This creates a jerk and pushes the body forward.
4. A series of such jerks help the fish swim forward.
5. The tail fins also aid in this movement.

Question 5.
Guess who I am?
i) I am a joint that works like a joint of doors and windows.
Answer:
Hinge joint.

ii) I help to join two bones.
Answer:
Ligament.

iii) I am a joint between the upper jaw and skull.
Answer:
Fixed joint.

iv) I am a chain of small-small bones.
Answer:
Vertebral column or backbone.

v) I join the bone and muscle.
Answer:
Tendon.

Question 6.
What would happen if there are no bones and joints in our body?
Answer:
If there are no bones and joints in our body

1. we do not have a particular body shape,
2. movements and locomotions are not possible.
3. Simply we become round as mass body.

Question 7.
What would happen if there is a single bone in your fingers?
Answer:
If we have a single bone in our fingers.

1. we can’t fold the fingers.
2. we can’t catch or hold anything.
3. it becomes hard to get food.
4. we cant manage any apparatus.
5. in the evaluation, we become so backward.

Question 8.
Draw a neat and labeled diagram of the Ball and socket joint and write its location and uses.
Answer:

These joints are located in the shoulders and hip region. It is used in swinging and rotating movements.

Question 9.
How do you appreciate locomotion in birds?
Answer:
I feel wonder about flying of birds.
They have wonderful wings and attractive feathers. Birds are only creatures that fly easy to escape.
This feature also help them in long journey to migrate. I feel its beautiful if I have wings to fly.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 139

Question 1.
Collect information regarding joint pains from an orthopedic.
Answer:
Joint pain can be discomfort, pain or inflammation arising from any part of a joint — including cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons or muscles. Most commonly, however, joint pain refers to arthritis or arthralgia, which is inflammation or pain from within the joint itself.

• Inflammatory foods. “Arthritis” is a general term encompassing conditions that share joint pain and inflammation ….
• Fried and processed foods …
• Lower your Ages ….
• Sugars and refined carbs ….
• Dairy products ….
• Alcohol and tobacco ….
• Salt and preservatives ….
• Corn oil
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs called NSAIDs help relieve joint swelling, stiffness, arid pain — and are among the most commonly used pain killers for people with any type of arthritis.

Natural relief from Arthritis pain

• Weight.
• Exercise.
• Heat and cold.
• Acupuncture.
• Meditation.
• Fatty acids.
• Turmeric.
• Massage.

Question 2.
List out the activities that you performed at your home and which joints were involved in each activity.
Answer:
We cannot perform any movement without the involvement of joints. They have key role in our daily activities.
ACTIVITIES                     INVOLVED JOINTS
1. Walking                     Hinge and gliding joints
2. Running                     Hinge and gliding joints
3. Bowling                      Ball and socket joint
4. Playing                       Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, and pivot joints
5. Dancing                      Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, and pivot joints
6. Painting                      Gliding joint
7. Driving                        Hinge, gliding joints

Question 3.
Observe the whole body of a hen from the internet and make a list of different joints, bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments present in it.
Answer:

Question 4.
Try to identify the joints in the body of a goat through the internet and make a list of those joints.
Answer:

Question 5.
Collect X-ray films and identify which body part they represent and write a note on them.
Answer:

• Gliding joint: A gliding joint is a joint which allows only gliding movement.
  
  The gliding joint allows one bone to slide over the other. The gliding joint in your wrist allows you to flex your wrist. It also allows you to make very small side-to-side motions. There are also gliding joints in your ankles and backbone.
• Pivot joint: Only allows rotating movement. The joint that joins the skull to the backbone is called the pivot or neck joint.
  
• Ball-and-socket joint: The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup-like shape of another. Examples of a ball-and-socket joint include the hip and the shoulder.
  
• Hinge joint: The ends of the bones are shaped in a way that allows motion in two directions, forward and backward. Examples of hinge joints are the knees and elbows.
  
• Rib cage: Ribs are bent which joins the chest bone and the backbone together to form a box. This is called the rib cage.
  

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion Activities

Activity – 1

1. Human body and its movement (Page No. 128)
Do the following actions:

• Bowl an imaginary ball at an imaginary wicket.
• Lie down and try to rotate your leg at the hip.
• Bend your arm at the elbow and your leg at the knee.
• Stretch your arms sideways, chew some food, bend your arm to touch your shoulder with your finger and try to move other body parts as well.

Record your observations in table
Table

S.No.	Body Part	Rotates Partially/Completely	Bends (Yes/No)	Lifts (Yes/No)	Moves (Yes/No)
1.	Neck
2.	Wrist
3.	Finger
4.	Knee
5.	Ankle
6.	Toes
7.	Back
8.	Head
9.	Elbow
10.	Arm
11.	Upper Jaw

Answer:

S.No.	Body Part	Rotates Partially/Completely	Bends (Yes/No)	Lifts (Yes/No)	Moves (Yes/No)’
1.	Neck	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
2.	Wrist	r Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
3.	Finger	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
4.	Knee	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
5.	Ankle	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
6.	Toes	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
7.	Back	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
8.	Head	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
9.	Elbow	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
10.	Arm	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
11.	Upper Jaw	No	No	No	No

Activity – 2

2. Let us see how animals move from one place to another. Fill in your observations in the table. (Page No. 136)

Animal	Body parts used for moving	How does the animal move
Cow	Legs
Human		Walks, Jumps,…..
Snake
Bird		Hope flies……
Insect
Fish

Answer:

Animal	Body parts used for moving	How does the animal move
Cow	Legs	Walks, runs
Human	Legs	Walks, Jumps,…..
Snake	Scales	Crawls
Bird	Legs, Wings	Hope flies……
Insect	Legs, wings	Walk, jump, fly
Fish	Fins	Swimming

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 Organisms and Habitat Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.
1. ——– is a dwelling place for plants and animals.
Answer:
Habitat
2. Soil is an ——– component of a habitat.
Answer:
Non-living

Choose the Correct Answer.
1. Which of the following is not a character ofa living thing?
A) Reproduction
B) Growth
C) Breathless
D) Excretion
Answer:
C) Breathless

2. Which of the following is a terrestrial habitat?
A) Pond
B) Garden
C) Lake
D) River
Answer:
B) Garden

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What are the common characteristics of living things?
Answer:
The living things show different specific characters.
1. Movement: – Most of the living things move from one place to another. They have the organs for movement like legs, wings, fins etc. Certain living things such as plants do not move from one place to another as they are fixed to the soil.
2. Food: – Acquiring food is also a character of living things. They acquire food for getting energy.
3. Growth: – Living things grow from time to time. Growth is a common phenomenon among them.
4. Breathing: – All living organisms inhale and exhale air from their surroundings. Many organisms have specialized organs for it. Plants have specialized organs called stomata for the exchange of gases.
5. Get rid of wastes: – Both plants and animals produce waste materials during life processes. They get rid of it by a process called Excretion.
6. Giving birth to young ones: – All living organisms give birth to young ones. Among them some animals lay eggs called Oviparous and some give birth to young ones called Viviparous. Plants produce seeds.
7. Responding to stimuli: The living things show response to stimulus in their surroundings. A change in the surroundings that make organisms respond to it is called stimulus.

Question 2.
How can you say that a tree is living even though it doesn 7 move?
Answer:

• Tree has got the following characteristics of living beings though it cannot move.
• The plant body shows growth, taking food, breathing, getting rid of wastes, response to stimuli giving birth to young ones through seeds.
• So I can say that tree is living.

Question 3.
What is a habitat? How can you say our house is a habitat?
Answer:

• A habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life.
• We live in houses that protect us from heat, cold and rain, etc. and are a shelter for us.
• We keep some animals and birds as pets in our houses.
• We also grow some plants which give us fruits and vegetables.

Question 4.
List out the organisms living in various regions of a pond?
Answer:

Region of the pond	Organisms living in that region
Above the surface	dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher, hovering above the pond and then resting over a bamboo pole or a stick jutting out of the surface of the pond. They get food from the surface of the pond.
On the surface	whirling beetle, pond skater, larva of mayfly and dragon­fly, Plants like pistia float on the surface completely while those like the lotus have roots going deep under. [Organisms on the surface are easily eaten up by others because there is little protection for them.] However, there is plenty of food and air. Fish usually come to the surface for food.
Pond margins	Several grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc. Fish usually lay eggs here.
Midwater	Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in this region. Fish and crabs also swim around this region.
Bottom of the pond	This region has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots (larvae of some insects). Light is minimum here, but food, in the form of dead and decaying matter is plenty.

Question 5.
I am a living being. I have four legs. I live in water and also on land. “Who am I? And who are there in my habitat along with me?
Answer:

• The four-legged organism which lives in water and also on land is a frog.
• Turtles will also be in the habitat of frogs.

Question 6.
What questions do you ask to know more about microorganisms?
Answer:

• What are microorganisms?
• What is the smallest microorganism?
• Can we see microorganisms with the naked eye?
• What is the instrument using for observing microorganisms?
• Are all microorganisms harmful to us?

Question 7.
How do you prove that earthworms respond to stimulus?
Answer:
Response to light by earthworm:

Aim: To observe the response of earthworm to light.
What we need: – Glass jar, Black Paper, Torch, Moist soil, Earthworm.
How to do:

• Get an earthworm from a nearby moist soil.
• Take a glass jar.
• Cover half of the glass jar with black paper, pour the moist oil in the jar and put the earthworm in the uncovered portion of the jar.
• Close the jar with a lid that contains small holes.
• Shed some light on the jar.

What do we see: – The earthworm moves to the dark portion of the jar
What do we learn: – The earthworm shows a response to the light (Stimulus).

Question 8.
Draw the diagram showing different regions of a pond.
Answer:

Question 9.
What steps do you take to keep a habitat good?
Answer:

• We should not dump the wastes in nearby ponds, lakes, rivers, and ground.
• We should not cut down the forest.
• The industries should not release wastes into air.
• We should not dump polythene covers on the soil.
• We should not burn the plastic, tires, and polythene covers.
• We should not dig bore wells indiscriminately.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 106

Question 1.
Collect sweet potato, bottle, salt, and water. Take a bottle full of water and add salt, then put the sweet potato inside the bottle. Observe for a few days. What happens? Note your observations. How can you prove that sweet potato is also a living thing?
Answer:

• The sweet potato bulges by absorbing saltwater.
  
• The metabolic changes continue in the potato, though removed from the parent plant.
• It forms roots and stem.
• This proves that sweet potato is also a living thing.

Question 2.
Identify the habitat in which the following live. More than one organism may be present in one habitat (use information given in the help box).
Our intestine, pond margin, kitchen, garden, tree, underground, grass,
Answer:

1. Our intestine: Bacteria, Roundworms, Hookworms
2. Pond margin: Several green types of grass, frogs, cranes, crabs, snails etc.
3. Kitchen: Cockroach, lizards, rats, ants, flies, etc.
4. Garden: Rats, bees, butterfly, ants, earthworms, garden lizard, beetles etc.
5. Tree: Birds, bees, squirrels, mosquitoes, insect larvas, ants, termites etc.
6. Underground: Snakes, rats, earthworms, snails, crabs, Termites, ants, etc.
7. Grass: Crickets, grasshopper, ants, insects, larvas, etc.

Question 3.
Observe a spider in its web and write how a spider shares its habitat.
Answer:

• The web of the spiders is made up of a special protein that solidifies to form silken threads.
• The spider spins a web to trap insects.
• When an insect accidentally flies over the web it gets stuck in the web.
• The vibrations in the web are received by the spider and it attacks on the insect.
• The spider releases some poisonous materials into the body of an insect to paralyzes it and makes the prey into liquid form.
• This liquid form of food is absorbed by the spider.
• This is how a spider shares its habitat.

Question 4.
Collect a hydrilla plant. Put it in a glass of water and observe for a week, how it grows.
Answer:

• Hydrilla is a submerged plant.
• It does not contain specialized roots.
• The leaves are very small and strap-shaped with pointed tips.
• The leaves have a distinct midrib.
• The leaves are directly attached to the stem without a petiole.
• When we put this Hydrilla in a glass of water it grows an inch in a day.
• The plant gets it food from sunlight by a process called photosynthesis.

Question 5.
Take a map of Andhra Pradesh and color the areas where mangroves grow.
Answer:
Student Activity. Ex :

Question 6.
Write your experiences with your pet dog/cat/cow etc, that shows its affection on you.
Answer:

• The animals like dogs/cat/cow are called as pet animals.
• Man domesticated these organisms in earlier days to fulfill his needs.
• He domesticated these for protection and food.
• So we should take care of our pet animals.
• In this process we clean them, we supply food and fodder to them.
• If we show concern on these organisms, they become more affectionate to us.
• So sometimes we can see the dogs licks our feet and wags its tails and sit near us. This is the way they show their affection on us.
• Our motto should be “Live and Let Live”.

Question 7.
Prepare a map that represents different habitats that exist in your school.
Answer:

Question 8.
Prepare an article to deliver a speech in Literary Association meeting on “Animals also have right to live. ”
Answer:
“Animals also have the right to live”,

• In this beautiful world, animals have as much right to live as human beings.
• In totality, the entire earth is a common property of all of us.
• It is our world and it is their world. People often ask if animals should have rights, and quite simply, the answer is “Yes !”
• Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. Just because we are at the top of the food chain.
• Life is life and it should be valued, no matter what you are.
• Animals cannot speak for themselves and for that reason we need to protect them.
• Protecting them is something we should take pride in, it is our responsibility.
• By respecting animal rights and having consideration for animal welfare, we also support ecological balance.

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat Activities

Activity – 1

Living things & Non-living things. (Page No. 93)

1. List some living things. Don’t forget to give reasons for why you think something is living.
Answer:
Dog – it takes a breath
Tree – it has growth
Buffalo – moves with legs

i) Chairs and tables also have four legs like buffalo. But they can’t move, why?
Answer:
Chairs and tables are non-living things. So they can’t move.

ii) Trees cannot move but they can produce seeds that give birth to new plants. Are they living things?
Answer:
Yes, trees are living things, but they can’t move. Except for this (movement), it has all living characters.

iii) How do we know whether some things are living and some others are nonliving?
Answer:
Living things have some special characters like growth and breath. By these charac¬ters we find living things.

iv) Will you notice that there are many characteristics of living things?
Answer:
Yes, living things have many characters.

v) Do all living things have common characteristics that make them different from non-living things?
Answer:
Yes, all living things have common characteristics that make them different from non-living things.

vi) Do you know that you are a living being? How can you say that?
Answer:
Yes, human beings are living things, they have living characters like growth, breath, and reproduction.

Activity – 2

Compare the characteristics. (Page No. 94)

2. Some characteristics are listed in table. Compare these characteristics with plants, animals and rocks.

Answer:

i) Do plants and animals possess the same characteristics as you do?
Answer:
Yes, mostly plants and animals possess the same characteristics as me, but plants can’t move.

ii) In which way do the characteristics of plants differ from you or from other animals?
Answer:
Plants can’t move.

iii) What characteristics are the same in plants and animals?
Answer:

1. Growth
2. Movement
3. Taking food
4. Breathing
5. Getting rid of waste
6. Respond to heat
7. Respond to touch
8. Respond to light
9. Giving birth to young ones

iv) Do you agree that you are the same as other animals?
Answer:
Yes, I agree that living characters are the same as animals, but human beings are more intellectual and cultural.

v) What characteristics do you observe in rocks?
Answer:
Rocks do not have any living characters, so they are non-living things.

Activity – 3

Response to stimulus. (Page No. 95)

3. When you step on a sharp object what would you do? You will take back your feet. Is it not? Fill your responses to the stimulus in the below table.

Stimulus	Response
When you step on a sharp object
Touch a flame or fire
Touch a block of ice
See a bright light	Blink……….
Get bitten by an ant or mosquito
When you hear the word ‘ice-cream’	Mouth waters………..

Answer:

Stimulus	Response
When you step on a sharp object	I will take back my foot
Touch a flame or fire	I will withdraw my hand
Touch a block of ice	I will withdraw the touched part
See a bright light	I will blink my eyes
Get bitten by an ant or mosquito	I will scratch the place of bite
When you hear the word ‘ice-cream’	Mouth watering

i) Do all living beings possess the characteristic feature of response to stimulus.
Answer:
Yes, all living beings possess the characteristic feature of response to stimulus

ii) Do other animals also respond to stimuli like us?
Answer:
Yes, all other animals also respond to stimuli like us.

iii) Do plants respond to stimuli like animals?
Answer:
Yes, plants respond to stimuli like animals.

Activity – 4

Mimosa (Atti-Patti) (Page No. 96)

4. It is very interesting to observe a touch-me-not (Attipatti or mimosa) plant Touch it. Record your observations.
Answer:
i) How does this plant respond when you touch it?
Answer:
When we touch the mimosa, it closes its leaves.

ii) How much time does it take to return to its previous position?
Answer:
It takes nearly 15 to 20 minutes.

Activity – 5

Seeds – Living or not: (Page No. 96)

5. Seeds are produced from plants. We know that plant is a living being. Can we say that seeds are also living things? Let us discuss the characteristics of living seeds?
Answer:

i) Does a seed take in food? From where?
Answer:
Seed has stored food in it. So it does not take in food. The food store is in the endosperm, and/or in the cotyledons.

ii) Will it die if stored for a long time?
Answer:
Yes, if we preserve it carefully we can store the food for a long time.

iii) What happens when a seed is sown in soil?
Answer:
When a seed is sown in the soil it will germinate.

Activity – 6

Microorganisms in water. (Page No. 98)

6. Collect water samples from a pond, well, bore well. Keep them separately. Put a drop of water on a slide. Keep a coverslip on it. Observe under the microscope.
Draw what you have observed. Describe the shapes of the micro-organisms.

i) What type of micro-organisms do you see in water samples?
Answer:
I found different types of microorganisms some are thread-like structures and some are round.

ii) Do all water samples have the same type of microorganisms?
Answer:
No.different water samples have different types of microorganisms.

iii) Is there any water without micro-organisms?
Answer:
No all water samples have microorganisms, but few in topwater.

iv) Which water contains a larger number of micro-organisms? Why?
Answer:
Pond water has more microorganisms because it is an open-source to grow micro¬organisms.

v) What kind of micro-organisms do you find in the water from a pond and borewell?
Answer:
Pond water has more greenish microorganisms and the bore well has moving organisms.

Activity – 7

Who lives where. (Page No. 98)

7. Write the names of organisms in the box below according to where they are found. Some examples are filled to help you.

Under the ground	On the ground	In/On water	Some other place
Snake	Snake	Snake
Earthworm
	Cat	Lotus
			Sparrow (in homes)

Answer:

Under the ground	On the ground	In/On water	Some other place
Snake	Snake	Snake	Birds (tree)
Earthworm	Frog	Frog	Eagle (rocks)
Rabit	Cat	Lotus	squirrel (tree holes)
Ant	Ant	Dragon fly	Sparrow (in homes)
Rat	Squirrel	Leech	Honey bees (trees and rocks
Crab	Snail	Crab, snail	–

i) Which organisms are found mostly in your area often?
Answer:
Crows and cows are found mostly in my area often.

ii) How many organisms are present in more than one column?
Answer:
Two organisms are present in more than one column.

iii) Why did you place them there?
Answer:
They live in more than one place.

iv) In which column will you put a frog?
Answer:
I will put the frog in the second and third columns.

Activity – 8

8. Read the table and answer the following questions. (Page No. 100)

S.No.	Region of the pond	Organisms living in that region
1.	Above the surface	dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher, hovering above the pond and then resting over a bamboo pole or a stick jutting out of the surface of the pond. They get food from the surface of the pond.
2.	On the surface	whirling beetle, pond skater, larva of mayfly and dragon­fly, Plants like pistia float on the surface completely while those like the lotus have roots going deep under. [Organisms on the surface are easily eaten up by others because there is little protection for them.] However, there is plenty of food and air. Fish usually come to the surface for food.
3.	Pond margins	Several grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc. Fish usually lay eggs here.
4.	Midwater	Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in this region. Fish and crabs also swim around this region.
5.	Bottom of the pond	This region has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots (larvae of some insects). Light is minimum here, but food, in the form of dead and decaying matter is plenty.

i) Name some organisms in the pond that can stay in different regions in the same pond?
Answer:
Frogs, cranes, crabs.

ii) What makes them stay in different regions in the pond?
Answer:
Their food habits and body structure makes them stay in different regions in the pond.

iii) Can different places in the pond also be called as habitat? Why? or why not?
Answer:
Yes, particular organisms are live in different places in the pond. So it be called as habitat.

iv) Is there any animal with legs in the pond?
Answer:
Yes, the frog has legs.

v) Do all animals in the pond have tails?
Answer:
No, all the animals in the pond does not have tail.

vi) Do all animals in the pond swim?
Answer:
No, crane can’t swim.

vii) What are the animals that share the surface of the pond as habitat?
Answer:
Whirling beetle, pond skater, larva of mayfly and dragonfly.

viii) Are the leaves of all plants growing in a pond, similar?
Answer:
No, the leaves of all plants growing in a pond are not similar. They are of different types. Ex : Hydrilla, Lotus.

ix) What is the difference between the leaves of a plant growing at the bottom (hydrilla) and that floating on the surface (lotus)? Try to think and write why we find such differences.
Answer:
a) The leaves of a plant growing at the bottom (hydrilla) have small tubular leaves to pass water flow.
b) Floating on the surface (lotus) plants have large leaves to grasp sunlight.

Activity – 9

Now, in the same way, let us study a plant or a tree as habitat. Birds, monkeys, squirrels, snakes, ants, spiders, caterpillars, moths, bees, wasps, small plants (mosses), mosquitoes are some organisms that you may find on a tree. Try to classify them in table based on where you find them. Add some more examples that you know. (Page No. 101)

At the base of the tree	ants, ……..
On the trunk
Between the branches	monkeys, ………
On or within the leaves

Answer:

At the base of the tree	ants, snakes, caterpillars, moths, small plants, mosquitoes.
On the trunk	ants, caterpillars, moths, mosquitoes, squirrels, bees, wasps, spiders.
Between the branches	monkeys, birds, caterpillars, squirrels, mosquitoes, bees, wasps, snakes, ants, spiders.
On or within the leaves	birds, monkeys, squirrels, snakes, ants, spiders, caterpillars, bees, small plants.

Activity – 10

10. i) Can animals that are our pets live in other places as well? (Page No. 101)
Answer:
Yes, our pets live in other places.

ii) Name the animals and also write the places where they can live.
Answer:
Dog – it lives in the streets.
Cat – it lives in the forest.
Parrots – lives on the tree.

iii) Why do only certain types of animals and plants live along with us?
Answer:
For food and shelter, some animals live along with us
For our food and needs, we cultivate some plants.

Activity – 11

11. Compare water (Aquatic) plants with land (Terrestrial) plants. (Page No. 103)
i) Collect an aquatic plant like Hydrilla or Vallisneria, also collect any terrestrial plant. Now compare the two and write your observations in the below table.

Parts	Terrestrial plant (Tulsi)	Aquatic plant (Valisneria / Hydrilla)
Stem
Leaf
Root
Others

Answer:

Parts	Terrestrial plant (Tulsi)	Aquatic plant (Valisneria / Hydrilla)
Stem	Woody, grows towards the sunlight.	Weak, less availability of sunlight.
Leaf	Grows on stem with petiole and veins	No petiole and simple leaf.
Root	Tap root is present.	Fibrous roots are present.
Others	Grown on land, terrestrial plant.	Grown in water. aquatic plant.

ii) Good Habit – Good Life:
Which habitat do you like more? Habitat – A or Habitat – B. Why?

Answer:
Habitat – A: I like more which is clean and tidy. Whereas in Habitat B there is environmental degradation which causes danger to plants and animals life.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Shadows – Images Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 11th Lesson Shadows – Images

6th Class Science 11th Lesson Shadows – Images Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Light travels in a ——–.
Answer:
straight line.
2. A substance that gives light is known as ——–.
Answer:
light source.
3. The bouncing back of light after hitting an object is called ——–.
Answer:
reflection.
4. The color of the shadow formed by a green tree is ——–.
Answer:
Black.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Identify the transparent substance
A) Paper
B) Wood
C) Glass
D) Oil Paper
Answer:
C) Glass

2. Which of the following substance forms shadows?
A) Transparent
B) Translucent
C) Opaque
D) All the above
Answer:
C) Opaque

3. What do you need to get a shadow?
A) Light Source
B) Opaque Object
C) Screen
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
Classify the following objects into transparent, translucent, and opaque:
Cardboard, duster, polythene cover, oily paper, glass, spectacle lens, piece of chalk, ball, table, book, window glass, palm, school bag, mirror, air, water.
Which type of materials do you find more in your surroundings?
Answer:
A. Transperent Objects: glass, spectacle lens
B. Translucent Objects: polythene cover, oil paper
C. Opaque Objects: cardboard, duster, piece of chalk
I find opaque materials are more in our surroundings.

Question 2.
We can’t identify the type presence of completely transparent objects even in light. Is it correct or not? Support your answer.
Answer:
Yes, we can’t identify the presence of completely transparent objects even in Light. Because it allows light to pass through it. So we can’t find it.

Question 3.
Why can’t we see objects which are behind us?
Answer:
The reflected light behind objects of us can’t reach our eyes. So we can’t see objects which are behind us.

Question 4.
What is required to get a shadow of an opaque body?
Answer:
To get a shadow we need

1. light source
2. opaque body
3. screen.

Question 5.
Can we use a plain mirror as a rearview mirror? If not why not?
Answer:
No, we can’t use the plain mirror as a rearview mirror. Because the plain mirror can’t cover all objects behind the vehicle. So we use the concave mirror as a rearview mirror.

Question 6.
Why do we get shadows of different shapes of the same object?
Answer:

1. We get different shadows for the same object.
2. because shadow shape is changed depending upon the position of the light source
3. and angle position of the object.
4. So we may get different shadows shapes from a same object and same shadows from different objects.

Question 7.
What are the differences between a shadow and an image?
Answer:

IMAGE	SHADOW
1. Images are colour full.	1. Shadows does not have colour.
2. Image is formed due to the reflection or refraction of light.	2. Shadows are formed when opaque objects obstruct the path of light.
3. Image gives more information such as colour, structure, etc. about the object.	3. Shadow does not provide any details about the object but it gives an idea about the shape of the object.
4. An image in a plane mirror doesn’t change in size at all; it is always of the same size as that of the object.	4. Shadow size may be changed depend on light sources position.
5. An image in a mirror can be seen without a screen, whereas it is mandatory to have a screen to form a shadow.	5. A dark patch formed on a surface behind an opaque object placed in the path of light is called a shadow.

Question 8.
Malati noticed changes in the lengths of her shadows during the daytime. She had some doubts about this. What could be those doubts?
Answer:

1. Why shadows are always black?
2. Why sometimes shadows are small and large?
3. Why our shadows always follows us?
4. Can we guess the time when see the shadow?

Question 9.
How can you explain the straight-line motion of light?
Answer:

1. Observe the objects, the formation of shadows and the path of light as shown, in the figure.
2. Similarly draw the shadows for the objects given in the fig. Extend the path of light and draw a shadow on the given screen.
   
3. We have drawn arrows in the above figures assuming that light travels like rays that are straight.
4. We can predict the shapes of the shadows only when we consider that light travel as rays along a straight path.
5. In ancient days, by observing the shapes of shadows people came to an understanding that light travels in a straight line.

Question 10.
We would not be able to see any object around us if light does not get reflected. How do you appreciate this property of objects?
Answer:

1. Vision is the vital sense to organisms.
2. Its possible by light reflection.
3. I feel wonder by this phenomena that provide the vision.
4. I also feel happy by seeing beauty nature by light.

Question 11.
Where do you find reflection of light in your daily life?
Answer:

• Due to the regular reflection of light, we look at our image in the plane mirror.
• We can turn the sunlight towards dark places by the regular reflection of light with the help of a shiny surface.
• The wing and rear-view mirrors of a car are made of a convex and a plane mirror
  respectively.
• A microscope uses a mirror to reflect light to the specimen under the microscope.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 126

Question 1.
Hold a glass slab at one end with your hand and stand in the sunlight. See the shadows of your hand and glass slab. Explain what you observed.
Answer:

1. I find that glass slab does not form a shadow.
2. I observed the shadow of my hand.
3. It means glass slab is a transparent object and hand is opaque object.
4. My conclusion is that only opaque objects form clear shadow.
5. And transparent objects does not form shadows.

Question 2.
If we focus a coloured light on an opaque object, does the shadow of the object possess colour or not? Predict and do the experiment to verify your predictions. (Coloured light can be obtained by covering torch glass with a transparent coloured paper).
Answer:

1. In the colour light opaque objects forms shadows.
2. But they does not have any colour.
3. because shadow is the place where the light is prevented.
4. It does not effected by colour light.

Question 3.
Between an electric bulb and a tube light, which forms sharp shadows of objects? Do an experiment to find out and give the reasons.
Answer:

1. Between electric bulb and tube light electric bulb forms clear and sharp image.
2. Electric bulb is round in shape.
3. It takes more voltage and forms intensity light
4. That’s why electric bulb forms sharp and clear shadows.
5. But at the tube light shadow it is not sharp.
6. Here light source is lengthy.
7. And light fell on objects from different side.
8. So the shadow does not sharp.

Question 4.
A mirror is kept on the wall of your room. Your friend is sitting on a chair in that room. You are not visible to him in the mirror. How do you adjust your place so that you are visible to your friend in the mirror? Explain.
Answer:

1. Its simple technique to appear to my friend in mirror.
2. In mirror image formed by reflection.
3. In reflection light bounce in same angle.
4. That’s why I am visible to my friend when he is visible to me.
5. So, I adjust my place until my friend appear to me.
6. When my friend visible to me, I am also visible to my friend.

Activity – 1

1. Make your room dark by shutting the door and windows; and then put on the light. Look at any one of the objects in the room. After that, hold a plank or a writing pad in front of your face.  (Page No. 117)

i) Is the object visible to you?
Answer:
No the object can’t visible to me.

ii) Why is it not visible though there is light?
Answer:
Light can’t reach the eyes. So it is not visible.

iii) What happens when you hold a plank between the object and you?
Answer:
Plank prevent the light. So it can’t reach the eyes.

iv) What is that something coming from the object?
Answer:
Its light that causes sight sense.

v) Where does light come from?
Answer:
A substance which gives light is known as a light source.

vi) Which objects give us light?
Answer:
Objects give us light are Sun, a glowing bulb, lighted candle etc.

vii) Can you give some more examples for source of light?
Answer:
Sun, stars, torch, candle, bulb, flame, glowing worm.

viii) When did you see shadow? Is it during day time or at night?
Answer:
I saw the shadow at day time.

ix) Are shadows formed at night?
Answer:
No, generally shadows does not form at night time. We may form shadows by using light at night time.

x) Is it possible to form shadows when there is no sunlight, bulb or any other light?
Answer:
Its not possible to form shadows without light.

xi) What do we need to form a shadow?
Answer:
We need light to get the shadow of any object.

Activity – 2

2. Try to form shadows of a book, a pen, a duster, a polythene cover, and a glass plate on the wall of your classroom with the help of a torch.  (Page No. 117)
Do you find any differences in the shadow of the above objects? Do all objects form shadow?
i) Which objects form shadows?
Answer:
Book, plank, table, chair.

ii) Which objects do not form shadows?
Answer:
Glass, air, polyethene sheet.

iii) Think and write why some objects form shadows? And others do not?
Answer:
The objects which allow light does not form shadows. And which objects does don’t allow the light form the shadows. It means prevention of light forms shadows.

iv) Observe the figure. Write whether the sheet held by the boy is transparent, translucent or opaque below each of the picture?

Answer:
a) Opaque sheet b) Transparent sheet c) Translucent sheet

v) Think and guess and write in table which objects in your class room form shadows, which do not form shadows and which form an unclear objects?

Objects which form shadows.
Objects which form unclear shadows.
Objects which don’t form shadows.

Answer:

Objects which form shadows.	Benches, Chairs, Blackboard, Towel, Bicycle, Shoes
Objects which form unclear shadows.	Oil paper, Window, Glass pans (some), polythene
Objects which don’t form shadows.	Glass, Water, Petrol, Spirit, etc.

vi) Where do you find the shadow of the leaf?
Answer:
We find the shadow of the leaf on the wall.

vii) Where do you find the shadow of the lea fin the room?
Answer:
On the ceiling.

viii) Do you find the shadow of the leaf if you remove the sheet?
Answer:
No, we do not find the shadow of the leaf.

ix) What do you understand from the above activity?
Answer:
Only light and an opaque object are not enough to form the shadow of an object. In addition to these we need a screen.

x) Can you guess the object by observing its shadow?
Guess and write the names of the objects which form the shadows?

Answer:
a) Tree

b) Ball

c) Rabbit formed as shadow with fingers

d) Musical instrument

e) Bird formed as shadow with hands

xi) What do you find?
Answer:
I found shadows which are in dark colour.

xii) Are you able to guess the object correctly in all cases?
Answer:
No, it is not possible.

xiii) What can you conclude from the above activity?
Answer:
Shadows have no colour. We can’t guess the object by observing its shadow.

xiv) Can we guess the object by observing its shadow?
Answer:
No, not possible in all cases.

Activity – 3

3. Colour of a Shadow.  (Page No. 120)

Take four balls of equal size of different colours. Try to form a shadow of each ball as shown in fig. Ask your friend who is facing the screen and not able to see the balls to guess the colour of.

i) Is your friend able to guess the colour of the ball correctly?
Answer:
No, he not able to guess the colour.

ii) Is it possible to guess the colour of the object by observing it’s shadow? If not why?
Answer:
No, its not possible to guess the colour of the object by observing its shadow. Because any colour of object forms only dark shadows. A shadow is an area/where light is absent. Hence, the shadow is colourless irrespective of the colour of the object.

Activity – 4

Shape of Shadow.  (Page No. 121)

4. Observe the shadows of a book, a pen, a duster, a ball and a round plate, one by one, in sunlight While doing this, rotate the objects to change their positions and observe the changes in shadows. Try to answer the following questions on the basis of your observations:

i) Is there any similarity between the shadows of the ball and the plate? If yes, what?
Answer:
Yes, both shadows are round in shape.

ii) What change do you observe in the shadows formed when you hold the pen horizontally and then vertically?
Answer:
The pen shadow is different when you hold the pen horizontally and then vertically. When you hold the pen vertically the shadow seems as object. When you turn the pen horizontally the shadow become round in shape.

iii) What differences do you observe ip the shadows when the duster is kept in different positions by rotating it?
Answer:
I found that duster have different shadows in different positions by rotating it. Some times the shadow seems as duster and sometimes not.

iv) Why are the shapes of the shadows of the same object different when you change the position of the object?
Answer:
A. shadow is a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object.
B. The object may have different shapes in different angles.
C. So, the shadow shape is changed.

Activity – 5

GETTING DIFFERENT SHAPES OF SHADOWS OF A SINGLE OBJECT:  (Page No. 122)

5. Take a rectangular piece of cardboard. Try to form shadows of different shapes by using it. You can do this in the sunlight or with the light from a torch. Now, answer the following questions:
i) Were you able to make a square shaped shadow?
Answer:
When I just bend the rectangular cardboard in front of light source, it forms square shaped shadow.

ii) Were you able to make a triangular shadow?
Answer:
When we gradually rotate the object towards the light source, the square shadow change into triangle.

iii) Were you able to make a circular shadow?
Answer:
No. I am not able to make a circular shadow.

iv) What are the other possible shapes?
Answer:
Rectangular, square, line, rhombus, triangle.

v) Why are we getting different shapes of shadows when the object is the same?
Answer:
Because of the straight line path followed by light rays, we can get different shaped shadows for a single object by changing its position.

Activity – 6

FUN WITH A MAGNIFYING LENS        (Page No. 123)

6. Take a magnifying lens and try to form an image of a tree on a white drawing sheet.
i) What do you observe in the image formed on the sheet?
Answer:
The image on the white drawing sheet is inverted.

ii) What difference do you notice between the images formed through the pinhole camera and through the magnifying glass?
Answer:
I notice that the image formed through the magnifying lens is clearer than that formed with a pinhole camera.

iii) Can you find any other differences or similarities between shadows arid images? Write in your note book.
Answer:
Similarity:
Shadow and image are related to light.
Without light both are not visible.

Difference:
The key difference between image and shadow is that the image is the reflection of the light rays by an object, whereas the shadow is a dark shape projected onto a surface when an opaque object obstruct the light rays.
The term image generally refers to an optical representation of a real object. A shadow is black in color while an image is colorful, and represents the real colors of the object it represents.

Activity – 7

OBSERVE THE REFLECTION  (Page No. 124)

7. Make your classroom dark by closing the doors and windows. Ask one of your friends to hold a mirror in his hand. Take a torch and cover its glass with a black paper leaving only slit in the middle. Now switch on the torch and adjust it so that light falls on the mirror in your friend’s hand. Ask your friend to adjust the mirror so that the patch of light falls on another friend standing in front of him at some distance.

i) What do you observe from the above activity?
Answer:
When light falls on any object, it rebounds back. This is called reflection.

ii) Ask your friend A to cover the mirror with a book. Now switch on the torch and focus it on the book, Can you see the patch of light on your friend? Why?
Answer:
When mirror is covered with book I can’t found patch of light on my friend. Because the surface of book is not smooth as mirror. On smooth surfaces reflection is effective.

iii) Did the light that fell on the book not get reflected?
Answer:
The light fell on the book is reflected. But its irregular reflection. Because the book surface is not smooth as mirror.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 5 Materials: Separating Methods

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods

Question 1.
Name any five objects which are made up of only one material.
Answer:
The following objects are made up of only iron.

1. Iron pan
2. Iron lock
3. Iron key
4. Iron trunk
5. Iron cot
6. Iron crow bar
7. Bodkin (Iron)
8. Blowpipe (Iron).

Question 2.
Name any five objects which are made up of more than two materials.
Answer:

1. Pen (Plastic + Metal)
2. Cycle (Steel + Iron + Rubber)
3. Scissors (Steel + Plastic top)
4. Mirror (Glass + Metal frame)
5. Axe (Iron + Wooden handle)
6. Table (Wood + Steel)

Question 3.
With what material is your pen made?
Answer:
My pen is made of plastic, whereas its clip is made of iron.

Question 4.
How do we decide which material should be used for making an object?
Answer:
Depending upon the use and purpose they serve, we decide which material should be used for making an object.

Question 5.
What are soluble substances?
Answer:
Substances which dissolve in water are said to be soluble substances.

Question 6.
Select those objects from the following which are made up of plastic.
Table, mug, utensils, chair, iron gate, wood, cotton shirt, plastic toy, pen, computer
Answer:
Table, mug, utensils, chair, plastic toy, pen, computer.

Question 7.
Write two substances that are made from leather.
Answer:

1. Belt and
2. shoes.

Question 8.
List out any 5 items that float on water.
Answer:
List of 5 items that float on water:

1. Paper
2. Wood
3. Wax
4. Ice
5. Oil

Question 9. (You might come across some situations where you have to separate some components from a mixture. Write down two examples of such situations.
1. …………………………
2. …………………………
Ex: 1) Rice and small stones. 2) Muddy water.
What do you do to separate the components?
Answer:

1. Rice and small stones are separated by handpicking.
2. Muddy water is filtered with filter paper.

Question 10.
How are stones separated from pulses and rice?
Answer:
Stones are separated by handpicking from rice and pulses.

Question 11.
Give some examples of the handpicking method of separation.
Answer:
Examples for handpicking method of separation:

1. Rotten fruits are removed from fresh fruits.
2. Separating oranges and apples.

Question 12.
When can winnowing be used?
Answer:
Winnowing can be used to separate lighter and heavier components of a mixture. Eg: To
separate husk from grain with the help of air.

Question 13.
Where do we use the chromatography method?
Answer:
We use chromatography to separate colours or pigments from their mixtures.
Ex: 1. To separate colours from ink.
2. To separate colouring pigments from the leaf extract, etc.

Question 14.
Identify the mixtures among the following:
Jangree, coffee, sand, haldi, red chilli.
Answer:
Mixtures:

1. Jangree
2. Coffee
3. Sand with impurities
4. Haldi with impurities.

Question 15.
Can you filter mud water with filter paper?
Answer:
Yes, we can filter the mud water with filter paper.

Question 16.
Is the water clean after the mud water is sieved with filter paper?
Answer:
The mud water filtered after using the filter paper is clean.

Question 17.
Are you able to separate the salt from the saltwater with filter paper?
Answer:
We cannot separate the salt from the saltwater with filter paper.

Question 18.
A solid substance is dissolved in water which method is used for separating it?
Answer:
Filtration.

Question 19.
20. Name the process by which water is separated from rice and pulses after washing them.
Answer:
Sedimentation.

Question 20.
Which process is used to separate a mixture of camphor and salt?
Answer:
Sublimation is the process that is used to separate the mixture of camphor and salt.

Question 21.
How do farmers use sieving?
Answer:
Farmers separate grains which are bigger in size from the smaller ones by sieving. The bigger grains are then used as seeds or sold at a higher price.

Question 22.
What is filter paper? How is it useful?
Answer:
Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes. We can filter very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 23.
What is sublimation?
Answer:
The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called sublimation.

Question 24.
What is Chromatography?
Answer:
The process of separating colours from a mixture of colours is called chromatography.

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give a list of objects which would be broken and which might not be broken when they fall on the floor.
Answer:

Objects	Examples
Would be broken	glass cups, earthenware pots, ceramic utensils … etc.
Might not be broken	stainless steel plates, wooden items, iron pans … etc.

Question 2.
How do you sort materials as solids, liquids and gases? Write your answer with an example.
Answer:
1) We sort materials as solids, liquids and gases based on their state at normal temperature.

Question 3.
Can you think of any material other than ice that goes from solid to liquid, liquid to gas (vapour)?
Answer:

1. Many materials change their state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas.
2. Ghee at slightly low temperature will be in solid state.
3. If it is heated it comes to liquid state and on further heating it becomes vapour.

Another example:

1. At room temperature candle wax will be in solid state (candle).
2. When it is lighted it starts burning and liquid wax is seen at the wick of the candle.
3. The white smoke on the top of the wick is wax vapour.

Question 4.
What are the properties of solids and liquids?
Answer:

1. The materials which do not change shape are solids.
   Example: Wood, rock, brick, plastic objects, vegetables … etc.
2. The materials which change shape are liquids.
   Example: Water, rasam, milk, kerosene, oil… etc.

Question 5.
Explain the terms ‘soluble’ and ’insoluble’ with reference to water.
Answer:

1. Substances that get dissolved in water are called soluble substances.
2. Substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble substances.

Question 6.
Can you make a cricket ball, with mud or glass?
Answer:

1. We cannot make a cricket baH with mud or glass.
2. If that ball is struck with the bat it breaks into pieces.
3. This ball cannot withstand hard strokes.

Question 7.
Can you make a chair with glass or mud? If not why?
Answer:

1. No. We cannot make a chair with glass or mud.
2. Both are brittle materials and can be broken easily.

Question 8.
Give two examples for soluble and insoluble substances in water
Answer:

1. Soluble substances in water: 1) Sugar 2) Salt
2. Insoluble substances in water: 1) Wood 2) Sand

Question 9.
Create table of objects different types that are made from the same material.
Answer:

S.No.	Materials	Objects made of these materials
1.	Iron	Table, doors, mesh
2.	Wood	Cart, plough, doors
3.	Leather	Shoes, belt
4.	Cotton	Bed, pillow, dress
5.	Plastics	Chairs, buckets

Question 10.
Kiran observed his father separating husk and grains by winnowing method in the field and appreciated how wind flow helped in separation. On evaporation, salt is formed from seawater. Isn’t it? How would you appreciate this process?
Answer:

1. The flowing wind carries the lighter husk with it and the heavy grains fall vertically downwards.
2. This winnowing is done with the help of flowing wind which is nature’s gift.
3. Similarly, the evaporation of seawater leaves salt for us. This is done with the help of sunlight. This is also nature’s gift.

Question 11.
When farmers thresh their crops, they get a mixture of husk and grain. How do the farmers separate the husk from the grains?
Answer:

1. On a windy day, a farmer stands on a high platform and allows the mixture of grain and husk to drop slowly from the flat Pan.
   
2. The wind carries the husk forward and the grips fall vertically downward.
3. A separate heap of grain is formed.

Question 12.
How will you separate the tea leaves from tea? Which property helped in the separation of tea leaves from tea?
Answer:

1. Tea leaves are separated from tea using a strainer.
2. The size of the tea leaves is more when compared to the size of the holes in the Strainer.
   This property helped in the separation of tea leaves from the tea.

Question 13.
Laxmi says that sedimentation and decantation are used at home while cleaning rice and pulses for cooking. Describe the sediments in this process.
Answer:

1. While cleaning rice we wash rice with water. Rice settles down in the water as sediments and the lighter impurities float. This is called sedimentation.
2. The water gets separated from the sediment (rice). This process is called decantation.
3. The same process takes place while washing pulses.

Question 14.
We use sieves to separate tea leaves from tea and sand from gravel. What are the differences between the sieves used in the two instances?
Answer:

1. The holes of the sieve to separate tea leaves from tea are small.
2. The holes of the sieve to separate sand from gravel, are relatively large.

Question 15.
With what liquid do doctors mix injection powder before administering injections to patients?
Answer:

1. Before administering injections to patients, doctors mix injection powder with some liquid.
2. This liquid is water and it is known as distilled water.

Question 16.
What is a mixture? Give examples.
Answer:

1. Mixtures contain more than one substance.
2. A combination of more than one substance forms a mixture.
3. Some mixtures are natural like soil.
4. Some mixtures are man-made like laddu, lemon juice etc.

Question 17.
What is a filter paper made of? For what purpose is it useful?
Answer:

1. Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes.
2. We can filter very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 18.
Can you separate mad from muddy water using a sieve?
Answer:

1. Yes. We can separate mud from muddy water using a sieve.
2. Mud water can be filtered with filter paper. The pores of the sieve (filter paper) are very small.

Question 19.
After using the Filter paper to filter water what do you find? What do you see left behind on the paper? What is obtained in the beaker?
Answer:

1. After using the filter paper to filter mud water. 1 find pure water free from mud in the filtrate.
2. Mud is left behind on the paper.
3. Pure water is obtained in the beaker.

Question 20.
How is salt manufactured?
Answer:

1. Water is generally evaporated in sunlight.
   
2. We use this property while extracting salt from seawater.
3. Seawater is captured in wide pans and is exposed to air and sunlight.
4. Then water evaporates and the salt is left behind in the pans.

Question 21.

1. Identify the part labelled X’.
2. Write a short note about it.

Answer:

1. The name of the part ’X’ is filter paper.
2. Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes.
3. Very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 22.
Distinguish between the separation methods of winnowing and sieving.
Answer:

Winnowing	Sieving
1. If mixtures have light and heavy substances winnowing can be used for separation.	1. Sieving can be used for separating longer and smaller substances in a mixture.
2. Ex: Husk from grains.	2. Ex: Sand from gravel.

Question 23.
What is meant by solvent? Why water is called a universal solvent?
Answer:

1. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves other substances in it.
2. Water can dissolve more substances than any other solvents. So it is called Universal Solvent.

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write at least two properties of solids, liquids and gases.
Answer:
A) Solids:

1. Solids have a definite shape.
2. Solids are incompressible.
3. Solids do not flow.

B) Liquids:

1. Liquids occupy the shape of the container.
2. Liquids are incompressible.
3. Liquids can flow.

C) Gases:

1. Gases have no fixed shape.
2. Gases can be compressible.
3. Gases flow and diffuse.

Question 2.
What is the sweet dilemma? How do you support the argument of the student Razia?
Answer:

1. Sugar takes the shape of the container. So one group of students concluded that sugar is a liquid.
2. Razia, a student, took a single crystal of sugar and one drop of water and declared that sugar is solid while water is a liquid.
3. As sugar crystals are very small they assumed the shape of the container. Razia argued that sugar crystal has a definite shape and can be held independently.
4. She showed that a drop of water has no definite shape and is not possible to hold it independently as is done with the sugar crystal.
5. This sweet dilemma is thus solved.

Question 3.
Observe the diagram and answer the following.

1. What is the aim of the experiment?
2. Write two gaseous substances.
3. Did the candle not catch fire from a distance?
4. Does the white smoke represent candle wax in the state of gas?

Answer:

1. Aim: Lighting a candle without touching its wick.
2. a) Oxygen, b) carbon dioxide
3. Yes. It catches fire, as there is vapour around the wick.
4. Yes, the smoke is the gas of wax.

Question 4.
Srikar accidentally mixed mustard seeds with rice and salt. How can he separate them?
Answer:

1. First, this mixture should be sieved through the sieve of small holes.
2. Then rice will remain in the sieve and mustered seeds along with salt will come down.
3. Now take the mixture of mustard seeds and salt in a vessel and add water to it.
4. Let the salt dissolve in the water.
5. Filter it into another vessel using a cloth or filter paper.
6. Mustered seeds will remain on the cloth/ filter paper and saltwater goes down into the vessel.
7. Heat the saltwater till the water completely get evaporate living behind the salt crystals in the vessel.
8. Thus by using three methods- sieving, filtration and crystallization, he can separate
   mustered seeds, rice and salt from their mixture.

Question 5.
Divya suggested some methods to separate mixtures given below. Are they correct? Find whether they are possible or not. Give reasons.
a) Pure water can be obtained from seawater by the process of filtration.
b) Cheese is removed from curdled milk by the process of decantation.
c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done by filtration.
Answer:
a) 1) No. Filteration is used to remove the insoluble substances only. But salt is soluble in water.
2) So, filtration is not used to obtain pure water from seawater.
b) 1) Yes. The decantation method is used to .separate an insoluble substance (cheese) in liquid (milk).
2) So, it can be removed from curdled milk.
c) 1) No. Filtration is used to remove the insoluble substances only. But sugar is soluble in tea it cannot be removed by filtration.

Question 6.
Collect information from your parents regarding various methods used by us to clean food grains at home and prepare a chart to show them.
Answer:
Methods used to clean food grains at home:

1. Handpicking: This method is used for separating small particles of dirt, stone, husk etc., from the grains of wheaL rice, pulses …. etc.
2. Sieving:
   a) Sieving is used when two components of a mixture have different particle size.
   b) Sieving allows the fine particles to pass through the holes of the sieve, while the bigger-particlesTepnain on the sieve. Eg: Sieving of wheat flour.
3. Threshing: The process that is used to separate the grain from stalks is called threshing.

Question 7.
How do you separate mud and sand from muddy water? What is sedimentation and decantation?
Answer:

1. Take a mixture of soil and. water in a glass tumbler and keep it undisturbed for some time.
2. We will find that the sand and the mud particles in the soil settle down at the bottom of the glass tumbler.
   
3. These are called sediments. This process of separation of mud and sand is called sedimentation.
4. After sedimentation, the tumbler is gently lifted.
5. The tip of the tumbler is inclined on the edge of another tumbler without disturbing the sediments. The water gets separated from the sediment (mud).
6. This process is called decantation.

Question 8.
Draw different objects made up of wood which we use in our daily life.
Answer:

Question 9.
Identify the parts labelled ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’ and ‘E’ in the following figure.

1. Name of the part A: ……………………..
2. Name of the part B: ……………………..
3. Name of the part C: ……………………..
4. Name of the part D: ……………………..
5. Name of the part E: ……………………..
Answer:
A: Cotton,
B: Funnel,
C: China dish,
D: Burner,
E: Stand

 

 

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 4 Water

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson Water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where do we get water from?
Answer:
We get water from rivers, ponds, lakes, canals and borewells.

Question 2.
For what purpose do we need water?
Answer:
We need water to perform day to day activities like cooking food, washing clothes, cleaning utensils, bathing etc.

Question 3.
Name the two processes responsible for the formation of clouds.
Answer:
Two processes are responsible for the formation of clouds.

1. Evaporation
2. Condensation

Question 4.
Write any natural disasters that are related to water.
Answer:

1. Floods
2. Tsunami
3. Drought

Question 5.
Give some examples of fruits and vegetables that contain more water.
Answer:
Vegetables: Cucumber, tomato, bottle gourd, snake gourd, etc.
Fruits: Watermelon, lemon, orange, muskmelon, mango, etc.

Question 6.
What are the main water sources in villages?
Answer:
In villages wells, canals, tanks, ponds, rivers, etc. are the main water sources.

Question 7.
What are juicy fruits ? Give examples.
A. The fruits that contains more water are called juicy fruits. Ex : Watermelon, grapes, orange, muskmelon. .

Question 8.
What are the forms of water?
Answer:
There are three forms of water in nature. They are
Ice (Solid form), Water (Liquid form) arid Water vapour (Gaseous form)

Question 9.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
The process of water changing into water vapour is called evaporation.

Question 10.
What is a cloud?
Answer:
The water vapour which enters into air through the process of evaporation forms clouds in the sky. .

Question 11.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water vapour into water is called condensation.

Question 12.
When does a drought occur?
Answer:
If there is no rain for a long period, it may cause drought.

Question 13.
What are hailstones?
Answer:
Big drops of water solidify into ice and fall as pieces of ice known as hailstones.

Question 14.
What do you understand by the word ‘Precipitation’?
Answer:
The kind of weather condition where rain, snow, sleet or hail fall from the sky is called precipitation.

Question 15.
Define the Hydrological cycle.
Answer:
The circulation of water between the earth surface and air is called the Hydrological cycle or water cycle.

Question 16.
What are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle?
Answer:
Deforestation and pollution are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle.

Question 17.
What happens if there is less rainfall or too much rainfall?
Answer:
If there is less rainfall its results in droughts or water scarcity and too much rainfall results in floods.

Question 18.
Name the drought-prone districts in Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Ananthapur, Kadapa and Kurnool are drought-prone districts in AP.

Question 19.
Fill the blanks with suitable answers.
A → Water → B
Answer:
A. Ice,
B. water vapour

Question 20.
What is the specific measurement of volume for liquids?
Answer:
Water and other liquids are measured in litres.

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is evaporation? What its importance in our life?
Answer:

• Evaporation is the process of water changing into water by applying heat.
• Evaporation of water helps the atmosphere to provide moisture.
• It helps in the formation of clouds.
• It cools our body from the sweat.

Question 2.
Write the situations of evaporation that we see in our daily life?
Answer:
We observe evaporation by the following situations in our daily life.

• Wet clothes drying under the sun.
• Hot tea getting cold.
• Drying of mopped floor.
• Drying of lakes and rivers
• In the preparation of salt from the sea.
• Grains and fishes dry under the sun.
• In the formation of clouds.

Question 3.
What is the importance of water in our daily life?
Answer:

• Our body needs water to maintain temperature and bodily functions.
• Water helps in digestion of food.
• Water helps to removal of toxins from the body.
• It improves skin moisture.

Question 4.
How do you appreciate the people who dicing a well?
Answer:

• Tapping of ground water by digging a well is tough job.
• The place where the well is to be dug is selected first.
• Workers using cow bars and spades begin to remove the soil at that place.
• The process of digging continues till water in the underground found.

Question 5.
How can you say that three forms of water are interchangeable?
Answer:

• Water is available naturally in three forms as ice, water and water vapour.
• When ice is heated it converts into water and if water is heated it turns into water vapour,
• Where water vapour is cooled it converts into water. If water cooled further, we will get ice.
• So, we can say that three forms of water are interchangeable.
  

Question 6.
Explain how the evaporation takes place.
Answer:

• If water is gently heated, it will become warm and vapour is produced.
• If we heat more it .starts boiling and converts completely into water vapour.
• The amount of heat absorbed by water affects its evaporation.
• If water is heated more, it will evaporate more.

Question 7.
What is the relation between rains arid clouds?
Answer:

• Clouds are formed by evaporation of water.
• When water vapour rises in the sky it forms clouds.
• The clouds are coolecl by cool breeze.
• Then the water present in the clouds condense and they become heavy and descend towards the earth as rain.

Question 8.
Why don’t all clouds cause rain?
Answer:

• The clouds moving in the air are generally at higher levels.
• The cool breeze along with the air makes the clouds cooler.
• Due to this water vapour condenses and causes rain.
• When the warmer air touches the clouds, it makes the water evaporate easily. So that that clouds cannot cause rain.

Question 9.
You might have observed a small dew-drops appeared on grass and leaves of plants. From where do these water-drops came on the leaves and grass?
Answer:

• During the winter season due to low temperature, the fog in the air settle on the grass and plants.
• Due to the transpiration process water is also evaporate through stomata. It also condensed to form fog.
• This fog condensed into tiny droplets of water which is called as dew.
• We can observe this dew only in the early hours of the day.

Question 10.
Have you observed in your daily life where water vapour changes into water? List out them.
Answer:
Yes. Here are the following situations where water vapour changes into water.

• Dew forming on grass and plants in early morning.
• Eye glasses fogging up in a cold winter day.
• Water drops forming a glass holding a cool drink or ice cream.
• Cooked food lid get water drops when the vessel cooled.

Question 11.
What changes do you notice in the sky and in the atmosphere before it rains?
Answer:

• Before the rain the sky becomes dark due to the condensation of the water or the formation of clouds.
• The atmosphere becomes very humid so that we feel so suffocated.
• The sky is covered with rainy clouds and cool wind.
• Some times thundering and sparkling may be occurring.

Question 12.
What are the types of monsoons?
Answer:
There are two types of monsoons in India.
1. South-West monsoon 2. North-East mortsoon

1. South-West monsoon: During the months of June to September clouds are moving along with the winds blowing from western direction. These winds are called SouthWest Monsoon.
2. North-East monsoon: In the months of November and December rains occur due to the movement of clouds in the direction of winds blowing from Eastern side. These winds are called North-East monsoon

Question 13.
How the rain water restores in water sources?
Answer:

• Water that comes from rainfall runs down as small streams.
• These small streams join together and make bigger streams.
• These bigger streams join the rivers.
• The rivers flow down to seas and oceans.
• Some of the rain water seeps into the ground and becomes ground water.

Question 14.
Prepare slogans on Water Conservation.
Answer:

• Water is gift from the creator. Protect it!
• Do the earth a favour- Be a saver.
• Save the water and save the life on the earth.
• Water is essence of life, save rain water.

Question 15.
What precautions do you follow to prevent the water scarcity?
Answer:

• Educate the people to change consumption of water and their life styles.
• Recycle the waste water.
• By following the water management techniques.
• Improve irrigation and agricultural practises
• By following water conservation methods such as rain water harvesting etc.

Question 16.
Which departments serve in natural disaster condition?
Answer:

• National Disaster Relief Force, State Disaster Relief Force, local fire, Health, Police and Revenue department helps the victims of natural disaster.
• Military also participate in relief activities of natural disaster.

Question 17.
What are the reasons for water scarcity?
Answer:
The main reasons for water scarcity are

• Population explosion
• Uneven distribution of rainfall
• Decline of ground water table
• Pollution of water
• Careless use of water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why the rainy season important for us?
Answer:

• In India, the rainy season is known as Monsoon.
• The season lasts in India for about 3-4 months.
• Indian population mainly depends on agriculture.
• So, the harvesting is largely depending on the quality of rain.
• The rainy season also significant to maintain groundwater levels.
• All the living and non-living things directly of indirectly depend upon the rainy season.
• The monsoon provides us to collect the runoff water by different methods of rainwater harvesting.
• The rains help to replenish the freshwater which is essential for life on the planet.

Question 2.
What are the main types of precipitation? Explain.
Answer:
There are four main types of precipitation. They are rain, sleet, snow and hail.

1. Rain: Water droplets fall when the air temperature is above freezing.
2. Sleet: This occurs when raindrops fall through freezing air, then they turn into pellets of ice.
3. Snow: When the water vapour passes through the very cold air, the water vapour crystallizes and forms snowflakes.
4. Hail: These forms when thunderstorm winds push water back up into the atmosphere. The water turns into ice coated with more water and pushed up to freeze again.

Question 3.
Classify the uses of water in three groups. Uses in a house or a family, for agriculture purposes and others.
Answer:

• Uses of water in a house: For drinking, bathing, washing, cleaning of vessels, toilets etc.
• For agriculture: Water is essential for germination of seeds, irrigation of crops,
• Others: Water helps to maintain our body temperature constant.
  Water is used to generate electricity.
  Water is used in many industries.

Question 4.
Write briefly about the water sources.
Answer:
Water is mainly available in three forms. 1. Ice 2. Water 3. Water vapour
1. Ice:

• It is a solid form of water. Snow occurs naturally.
• It is present in snow-covered mountains, glaciers and polar regions.
• 10% of the land area is covered with glaciers.

2. Water:

• It is a liquid form of water.
• 3/4 th of the earth surface is covered with water.
• It was present in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and even underground.
• Seawater is salty. But water used by us in our daily purpose is not salty. It is known as freshwater.
• 3% of freshwater is available on earth.

3. Water vapour: The gaseous form of water. It was present in the atmosphere is 0.01%.

Question 5.
How the floods affect human life?
Answer:
Too much rainfall causes floods.
The immediate impacts of flooding include the following:

• Loss of human life,
• Damage to property,
• Destruction of crops,
• Loss of livestock,
• Deterioration of health conditions due to water-borne diseases,
• Destruction of power plants, roads and bridges,
• People forced to leave their own homes,
• Disruption of supply of clean water, transport, electricity, communicating etc.

Question 6.
What are the causes of the droughts? How it affects human life?
Answer:

• When a rainfall is less than normal for a long period of years for a particular region results in drought.
• Deforestation and pollution from factories lead to global warming.
• Global warming changes the atmospheric conditions which are not favourable for clouds to get cooled.
• Consequently, it leads to a decrease the rainfall.

It effects of Human life:

• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.
• Drinking water is scarce.
• People need to travel long distances to collect water.
• The soil becomes dry, agriculture and cultivation become difficult.
• Many people who depend on farming for their livelihood, migrate to other places in search of jobs.
• There is a higher incidence of heatstroke.
• Economic loss and reduced income.

Question 7.
What are the methods of water conservation? Write about water management in briefly.
Answer:
There are mainly two methods followed by us to conserve the water.
1. Water management 2. Rainwater harvesting
1. Water management: Water management consists of the following factors.
a) Bringing awareness about the bad effects of throwing wastes into the water bodies
b) Recycling of water by separating pollutants.
c) Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. It reduces the pollution of underground water.
d) Controlling deforestation.
e) Adopting drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in agriculture. In this way, a lesser amount of water can be used for irrigation.

Question 8.
Write about the water conservation method of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
Direct collection and use of rainwater is called rainwater harvesting There are two types of rainwater harvesting.
a) Collecting water from where it falls.
Ex: Collecting water from the rooftops of the houses or buildings (Roof water harvesting)
b) Collecting flowing rainwater.
Ex: Collecting rainwater by constructing ponds with bund.

SCERT AP 6th Class Science Study Material Pdf 3rd Lesson జంతువులు – ఆహారం Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Questions and Answers జంతువులు – ఆహారం

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson జంతువులు – ఆహారం Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning (అభ్యసనాన్ని మెరుగుపరచుకుందాం)

I. ఖాళీలను పూరించండి.

1. సీతాకోక చిలుకలు పుష్పాల నుండి తేనెను పీల్చుకొనుటకు …… ను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. (ప్రోబోస్సిస్ (తుండము)
2. పులులు మాంసాన్ని మాత్రమే తింటాయి. కావున అవి …………. (మాంసాహారులు)
3. విచ్ఛిన్నకారులను ………………… అని కూడా అంటారు. (రీసైక్లర్)

II. సరైన సమాధానాన్ని గుర్తించండి.

1. ఆహారపు గొలుసులో శక్తికి మూల వనరు …….
A) ఉత్పత్తిదారులు
B) వినియోగదారులు
C) సూర్యుడు
D) విచ్ఛిన్న కారులు
జవాబు:
C) సూర్యుడు

2. కింది వాటిలో ఉభయాహారిని గుర్తించండి.
A) సింహం
B) ఆవు
C) కుక్క
D) పులి
జవాబు:
C) కుక్క

3. మానవుడ్ని ఆహారపు గొలుసులో ఏ స్థానంలో ఉంచుతావు?
A) ప్రాథమిక వినియోగదారుడు
B) ద్వితీయ వినియోగదారుడు
C) తృతీయ వినియోగదారుడు
D) పైవన్నీ
జవాబు:
C) తృతీయ వినియోగదారుడు

III. ఈ క్రింది ప్రశ్నలకు జవాబులు రాయండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
మీ పరిసరాలలో ఉన్న ఒకే రకమైన ఆహారపు అలవాట్లు గల జంతువులను పేర్కొనండి.
జవాబు:
ఆవు, గేదె, మేక మరియు గొర్రెలు ఒకే రకమైన ఆహారపు అలవాటును కలిగి ఉంటాయి. ఎందుకంటే ఇవి శాకాహారులు. ఆహారం కోసం మొక్కల పై ఆధారపడతాయి.

ప్రశ్న 2.
కుక్కకూ, కోడికీ ఉండే కాళ్ళు, గోర్లను పోల్చండి. అవి వేరుగా ఉండటానికి గల కారణాలు రాయండి.
జవాబు:

కుక్క	కోడి
1. కుక్క కాళ్ళు పొడవుగా ఉంటాయి. మరియు నాలుగు కాళ్ళు ఉంటాయి.	1. కోడి కాళ్ళు పొడవు తక్కువగా ఉంటాయి మరియు రెండు కాళ్ళు ఉంటాయి.
2. కుక్క కాళ్ళు కండరాలతో మరియు బలంగా ఉంటాయి.	2. కోడి కాళ్ళు కుక్క కాళ్ళ కంటే సన్నగా ఉంటాయి.
3. ఇది కఠినమైన మరియు కొద్దిగా వంగిన గోర్లు కలిగి ఉంటుంది.	3. ఇది సన్నని, పదునైన మరియు కొద్దిగా పొడవుగా ఉన్న గోర్లు కలిగి ఉంటుంది.
4. ఇది జంతువును తరమటానికి మరియు పట్టుకోవడానికి దాని కాళ్ళను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది.	4. ఇది ఆహారాన్ని కనుగొనడానికి భూమిని తవ్వటానికి కాళ్ళను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది.
5. మాంసాన్ని చీల్చటానికి గోర్లు ఉపయోగించబడతాయి.	5. పురుగులను తీయటానికి నేలను గోకడం కోసం గోర్లు ఉపయోగపడతాయి.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఆహారం తీసుకోవడానికి నాలుకను అవయవంగా ఉపయోగించే కొన్ని జంతువుల పేర్లు రాయండి.
జవాబు:
కప్పలు, బల్లులు, తోటబల్లి, ఊసరవెల్లి, ఎకిడ్నా నాలుకను ఆహారాన్ని తీసుకోవడానికి ఒక సాధనంగా ఉపయోగిస్తాయి.

ప్రశ్న 4.
కిందివాటిలో తప్పుగా ఉన్న వాక్యాలను గుర్తించి, కారణాలు రాయండి.
ఎ) నీటిలో నివసించే జంతువులన్నీ మొక్కలను మాత్రమే తింటాయి.
బి) ఏనుగులు, జింకలు అడవిలో నివసించే శాకాహారులు.
సి) పక్షుల ముక్కులు అవి వాటి ఆహారాన్ని తీసుకోవడానికి అనుకూలంగా ఏర్పడ్డాయి.
డి) వాడి అయిన గోర్లు (పంజా) వేటాడడానికి ఉపయోగపడతాయి.
ఇ) చాలావరకు ఆహారపు గొలుసులు శాకాహారులతో ముగుస్తాయి.
జవాబు:
ఎ) నీటిలో నివసించే జంతువులన్నీ మొక్కలను మాత్రమే ఆహారంగా తింటాయి.
ఈ వాక్యం తప్పు. నీటిలో చాలా జంతువులు ఇతర జంతువులను తింటూ నివసిస్తున్నాయి.
ఉదా :
సముద్రంలో నీలి తిమింగలం క్రిల్ అనేక చిన్న జంతువులను తింటుంది.

బి) ఏనుగులు, జింకలు అడవిలో నివసించే శాకాహారులు.
ఏనుగులు మరియు జింకలు అడవిలో నివసించే శాకాహారులు కాబట్టి ఈ వాక్యం సరైనది.

సి) పక్షుల ముక్కులు అవి వాటి ఆహారాన్ని తీసుకోవడానికి అనుకూలంగా ఏర్పడ్డాయి.
పక్షి ముక్కులు వాటి ఆహారపు అలవాట్లకు రూపకల్పన చేయబడినందున ఈ వాక్యం సరైనది.

డి) వాడి అయిన గోర్లు (పంజా) వేటాడడానికి ఉపయోగపడతాయి.
మాంసాహారులు పదునైన పంజాలు కల్గి ఇతర జీవులను వేటాడతాయి. కావున ఈ వాక్యం సరైనది.

ఇ) చాలావరకు ఆహార గొలుసులు శాకాహారులతో ముగుస్తాయి.
ఈ వాక్యం తప్పు.
ఆహార గొలుసు శాకాహారులతో మొదలై అగ్ర మాంసాహారులతో ముగుస్తుంది.

ప్రశ్న 5.
ఆహారపు గొలుసు యొక్క ప్రాధాన్యతను తెలపండి.
జవాబు:

1. ఆహార గొలుసు ఒక జీవి నుండి మరొక జీవికి ఆహారము ఎలా బదిలీ అవుతుందో చూపిస్తుంది.
2. ఇది ఆవరణ వ్యవస్థలో శక్తి పోషకాల రవాణాను సూచిస్తుంది.
3. ఇది ఉత్పత్తిదారులు మరియు వినియోగదారుల మధ్య సంబంధాన్ని చూపుతుంది.
4. ఇది ప్రకృతిలో విభిన్న జీవులు పరస్పరం ఆధారపడటాన్ని వివరిస్తుంది.

ప్రశ్న 6.
ఈ కింది వాటిని సరైన క్రమంలో అమర్చటం ద్వారా ఆహారపు గొలుసును రూపొందించండి.
1. కుందేలు → క్యారెట్ → గ్రద్ద → పాము
2. మానవుడు → కీటకం → శైవలం → చేప
జవాబు:

1. క్యారెట్ → కుందేలు → పాము → గ్రద్ద
2. శైవలం → కీటకము → చేప → మానవుడు

ప్రశ్న 7.
ఆహారపు గొలుసుల గురించి ఇంకా వివరంగా తెలుసుకోవడానికి ఎలాంటి ప్రశ్నలు అడిగి మీ సందేహాన్ని తీర్చుకోగలరు?
జవాబు:

• ఆహార గొలుసు అంటే ఏమిటి?
• జంతువులు మరియు మొక్కలు ఒకదానిపై ఒకటి ఎలా ఆధారపడి ఉంటాయి?
• పర్యావరణ వ్యవస్థలో శక్తి ఎలా ప్రవహిస్తుంది?
• జీవావరణ వ్యవస్థకు, జంతువుల ఆహార అలవాట్లకు ఏదైనా సంబంధం ఉందా?
• ప్రకృతి పర్యావరణ వ్యవస్థను ఎలా సమతుల్యం చేస్తుంది?
• ఆహార గొలుసు ఎప్పుడూ మొక్కలతో ఎందుకు మొదలవుతుంది?

ప్రశ్న 8.
భూమిపై విచ్ఛిన్నకారులే లేకుంటే ఏమౌతుంది?
జవాబు:

• చనిపోయిన మొక్కలు మరియు జంతువులను విచ్చిన్నం చేయడం ద్వారా బాక్టీరియా మరియు శిలీంధ్రాలు ఆహారము పొందుతాయి. కాబట్టి వాటిని విచ్ఛిన్నకారులు అంటారు.
• పర్యావరణంలోని పదార్థాలు తిరిగి భూమిని చేరటానికి ఇవి సహాయపడతాయి.
• విచ్ఛిన్నకారులు లేనట్లయితే చనిపోయిన మరియు వ్యర్థ పదార్థాలు భూమిపై ఉంటాయి.
• పోషకాలు తిరిగి నేలను చేరవు.
• నేలలోని పోషకాలు భర్తీ చేయబడవు.
• చనిపోయిన జీవులు భూమిపైనే ఉండడం వల్ల, భూమిపై జీవ మనుగడ అసాధ్యం.

ప్రశ్న 9.
మీకిష్టమైన ఏదో ఒక ఆహారపు గొలుసును గీయండి.
జవాబు:

ప్రశ్న 10.
ఆహారపు గొలుసులో ఉత్పత్తిదారుల పాత్రను నీవు ఎలా అభినందిస్తావు?
జవాబు:

• మొక్కలను ఉత్పత్తిదారులు అని పిలుస్తారు. ఎందుకంటే అవి తమ ఆహారాన్ని సొంతంగా తయారు చేసుకుంటాయి. పర్యావరణ వ్యవస్థలోని అన్ని జీవులకు ఆహారాన్ని అందించే ఏకైక జీవులు ఈ మొక్కలే.
• పర్యావరణ వ్యవస్థలో, ఉత్పత్తిదారులు అన్నీ ఆహార గొలుసు యొక్క ఆధారం.
• మొక్కలు ఆహారాన్ని మాత్రమే కాకుండా భూమికి ఆక్సిజన్‌ను కూడా అందిస్తాయి.
• భూమిపై జీవితాన్ని కొనసాగించడానికి మొక్కలు విలువైనవి.

కృత్యాలు

కృత్యం – 1

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 22

ప్రశ్న 1.
పట్టికలో వివిధ జంతువుల జాబితా ఇవ్వబడింది. వాటిలో కొన్నింటికి అవితినే ఆహారం కూడా ఇవ్వడం జరిగింది. మిగిలిన పట్టికను నింపండి.

జంతువు పేరు	అది తినే ఆహారం
గేదె	పచ్చిగడ్డి, గానుగ పిండి, ఎండుగడ్డి, ధాన్యం.
పిల్లి	చిన్న జంతువులు, పక్షులు, పాలు.
ఎలుక
సింహం
పులి
బల్లి
సాలె పురుగు
ఆవు
మానవుడు
సీతాకోకచిలుక
కాకి
ఇతరాలు

జవాబు:

జంతువు పేరు	అది తినే ఆహారం
గేదె	పచ్చిగడ్డి, గానుగ పిండి, ఎండుగడ్డి, ధాన్యం.
పిల్లి	చిన్న జంతువులు, పక్షులు, పాలు.
ఎలుక	విత్తనాలు, కీటకాలు, చిన్న జంతువులు.
సింహం	దుప్పి, జిరాఫీ, నక్క మొదలైనవి.
పులి	జింక, కుందేలు, లేడి, ఇతర జంతువులు.
సాలె పురుగు	కీటకాలు.
బల్లి	పురుగులు, కీటకాలు.
ఆవు	గడ్డి, ఆయిల్ కేక్, ఎండుగడ్డి, ధాన్యాలు.
మానవుడు	వరి, గుడ్లు, పాలు, మాంసం మొదలైనవి.
సీతాకోకచిలుక	పువ్వులలోని మకరందం (తేనె).
కాకి	చిన్న జంతువులు, కీటకాలు.
ఇతరాలు	ఆకుపచ్చని మొక్కలు మరియు మాంసం.

పట్టిక ఆధారంగా కింది ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానం ఇవ్వండి.
1. ఆహారం కోసం మొక్కలు వాటి ఉత్పత్తుల పైన మాత్రమే ఆధారపడే జంతువులేవి?
జవాబు:
గేదె, ఆవు, సీతాకోకచిలుక.

2. జంతువులు, వాటి ఉత్పత్తులను మాత్రమే ఆహారంగా తీసుకునే జంతువులేవి?
జవాబు:
పిల్లి, సింహం, పులి, బల్లి, సాలీడు.

3. ఆహారం కోసం మొక్కలు, జంతువులు రెండింటిపై ఆధారపడే జంతువులేవి?
జవాబు:
ఎలుక, కాకి, మానవులు మరియు ఇతరాలు.

కృత్యం – 2

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 23

ప్రశ్న 2.
పట్టికలో ఇచ్చిన జంతువులు ఆహారాన్ని గుర్తించడానికి, సేకరించడానికి ఉపయోగించే శరీర భాగాలను రాయండి.

జంతువు	ఆహారాన్ని గుర్తించటానికి ఉపయోగించు జ్ఞానము	ఆహార సేకరణలో ఉపయోగపడే శరీర భాగం
1. కుక్క	వాసన	పదునైన దంతాలు, నాలుక
2. ఆవు
3. కోడి
4. కప్ప
5. పాము
6. గబ్బిలం
7. బల్లి
8. గ్రద్దలు
9. సింహం
10. హమ్మింగ్ బర్డ్ (తేనె పిట్ట)

జవాబు:

జంతువు	ఆహారాన్ని గుర్తించటానికి ఉపయోగించు జ్ఞానము	ఆహార సేకరణలో ఉపయోగపడే శరీర భాగం
1. కుక్క	వాసన	పదునైన దంతాలు, నాలుక
2. ఆవు	వాసన	దృష్టి, నోరు, నాలుక
3. కోడి	దృష్టి	ముక్కు, గోర్లు
4. కప్ప	దృష్టి	నాలుక
5. పాము	రుచి	నాలుక, దంతాలు, నోరు
6. గబ్బిలం	వినికిడి	నోరు,చెవులు
7. బల్లి	నాలుక, దృష్టి	నాలుక
8. గ్రద్దలు	దృష్టి, వాసన	ముక్కు, గోర్లు
9. సింహం	దృష్టి, వినికిడి	కాళ్ళు, పంజాలు, నోరు
10. హమ్మింగ్ బర్డ్ (తేనె పిట్ట)	వాసన, రుచి	ముక్కు

• ఆహారం తినడానికి ఏయే జంతువులు ఒకే రకమైన భాగాలను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి?
జవాబు:
1) కప్ప 2) పాము 3) బల్లి 4) కుక్క 5) ఆవు ఆహారం తినడానికి నాలుకను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి.

• ఆహారం కొరకు కుక్క ఉపయోగించిన భాగాలను, కప్ప ఉపయోగించిన భాగాలతో పోల్చండి. వాటి మధ్య మీరు, గమనించిన పోలికలు, భేదాలను నమోదు చేయండి.
జవాబు:

• కుక్క, కప్ప ఆహారం తీసుకోవడానికి నాలుకను అవయవంగా ఉపయోగించుకుంటాయి.
• కుక్క నాలుకనుపయోగించి నీరు త్రాగుతుంది. కప్ప నాలుకను ఉపయోగించి కీటకాలను పట్టుకొని మింగుతుంది.
• వాసన ఆధారంగా కుక్క తన ఆహారాన్ని పసిగడుతుంది. కప్ప తన నోటితో గాని, నాలుకతో గాని కీటకాలను పట్టుకొని తింటుంది.

• కోడి, పిచ్చుక ఆహారం తీసుకోవడంలో ఉపయోగించే భాగాలను పోల్చండి. మీరు గమనించిన పోలికలు, వ్యత్యాసాలు రాయండి.
జవాబు:

• కోడి, పిచ్చుక రెండూ పురుగులు మరియు గింజలను ఆహారంగా తీసుకుంటాయి.
• ఆహార సేకరణలో కోడి తన శరీర భాగాలైన ముక్కు, కాళ్ళు ఉపయోగిస్తుంది. పిచ్చుక ఆహారాన్ని చూసి ముక్కుతో ఏరుకుని తింటుంది.

• కుక్క, సింహం ఆహార సేకరణలో ఉపయోగించే భాగాలలో పోలికలేమైనా గుర్తించారా?
జవాబు:

• కుక్క, సింహం రెండూ కూడా మాంసం తింటాయి.
• రెండింటికి చూపు బాగుంటుంది. అవి పదునైన వాటి గోర్లతో ఆహారాన్ని పట్టి ఉంచుతాయి.
• మాంసాన్ని చీల్చడంలో పదునైన వాటి పళ్ళను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి.
• సింహం ఒంటరిగా వేటాడుతుంది. ఆహారం దొరికిన చోట తింటుంది.
• కుక్క శాకాహారం కూడా తింటుంది.

• ఆహారం తీసుకునే విధానంలో గ్రద్దకూ, సింహానికి ఉండే పోలికలు, వ్యత్యాసాలు రాయండి.
జవాబు:

• సింహం, గ్రద్ద రెండూ మాంసాహారులే.
• ఈ రెండూ పదునైన వాటి కాలి గోళ్లతో మాంసాన్ని చీల్చుతాయి.
• సింహం నేలమీద జంతువులను వేటాడుతుంది.
• గ్రద్ద ఆకాశంలో ఎగురుతూ నేలమీది ఆహారాన్ని చూసి కిందకు దిగి తింటుంది.

కృత్యం – 3

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 25

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఇవ్వబడిన పటాన్ని పరిశీలించండి. వివిధ రకాల పక్షుల ముక్కులు వివిధ రకాలుగా ఉన్నాయి. పక్షుల ముక్కుల్లో వైవిధ్యానికి కారణమేమిటో మీకు తెలుసా?

జవాబు:

• ముక్కులు భిన్నంగా ఉంటాయి ఎందుకంటే పక్షులు వివిధ రకాల ఆహారాన్ని తింటాయి.
• కాబట్టి, ముక్కుల రకం వాటి ఆవాసాలు, పర్యావరణం మరియు ఆహార అలవాట్లపై కూడా ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది.
• పక్షుల ముక్కులు ఎరను చంపడానికి, పోరాడటానికి, ఆహారాన్ని పొందడానికి మరియు వారి పిల్లలను పోషించడానికి వాటికి సహాయపడతాయి.
• వాటి ఆహారపు అలవాట్ల ఆధారంగా పక్షులు బలమైన కొక్కెము ముక్కు పొడవైన ముక్కు పొడవైన, సన్నని ముక్కు మొదలైన రకాల ముక్కులను కలిగి ఉంటాయి.

కృత్యం – 4

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 26

ప్రశ్న 4.
బల్లి ఆహారాన్ని ఎలా పట్టుకుంటుంది? మీ పరిశీలనలను వివరంగా రాయండి.
జవాబు:

• ఆహారాన్ని వేటాడటానికి బల్లి తన దృష్టిని ఉపయోగిస్తుంది.
• బల్లి తన దృష్టిని కీటకాల కదలికలపై కేంద్రీకరిస్తుంది.
• బల్లి, పురుగు వైపు చాలా వేగంగా కదులుతుంది.
• ఇది నాలుకను ఉపయోగించడం ద్వారా కీటకాన్ని పట్టుకుని తింటుంది.

• కప్ప, బల్లి ఆహారం తీసుకునే విధానంలో భేదాలు తెలుసుకోండి. ఈ జంతువులు నాలుకను ఎలా ఉపయోగిస్తాయి?
జవాబు:

కప్పు	బల్లి
కప్ప నాలుక పొడవుగా, జిగటగా ఉంటుంది.	బల్లి నాలుక పొట్టిగా ఉంటుంది.
స్థిరంగా ఉండి కీటకంపై నాలుకను విసురుతుంది.	కీటకము వైపు కదులుతూ నాలుక విసురుతుంది.
పెద్ద పెద్ద కీటకాలను వేటాడుతుంది.	చిన్న కీటకాలను వేటాడుతుంది.
నెమ్మదిగా వేటాడుతుంది.	వేగంగా కదులుతుంది.
ఇంటి బయటి పరిసరాలలో ఆహారం సేకరిస్తుంది.	ఇంటి పరిసరాలలో వేటాడుతుంది.

కృత్యం – 5

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 26

ప్రశ్న 5.
ఆవు లేదా బర్రె (గేదె) ఆహారం తీసుకునేటప్పుడు గమనించి మీ పరిశీలనలు నోటుపుస్తకంలో రాయండి.
• ఆవు ఆహారాన్ని ఎలా సేకరిస్తుంది?
జవాబు:
వాసనను చూడడం ద్వారా ఆవు తన ఆహారాన్ని కనుగొంటుంది.

• అందుకోసం ఏయే శరీర భాగాలను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది?
జవాబు:
ఆవు ఆహారం తీసుకోవటానికి నోరు, దంతాలు మరియు నాలుకను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది.

• ఆవు తినడం ఎలా మొదలు పెడుతుంది?
జవాబు:
వాసన, చూపు ఆధారంగా ఆవు ఆహారం సేకరిస్తుంది. ఆహారం కోసం ఆవు దవడలు, పళ్ళు నాలుక, నోరు ఉపయోగిస్తుంది. ఆహారాన్ని ఆవు గబగబా నమిలి మింగుతుంది. దానిని తన జీర్ణాశయంలో ఒక భాగంలో నిలవ చేస్తుంది.

• ఆవులకు దంతాలుంటాయా? రెండు దవడలకూ దంతాలుంటాయా?
జవాబు:
అవును. ఆవులకు రెండు దవడలపై దంతాలు ఉంటాయి. కానీ ముందు పళ్ళు ఉండవు.

• ఆవు శాకాహారి అని నీవు ఏ విధంగా నిర్ణయిస్తావు?
జవాబు:
ఆవు ఆహారం కోసం మొక్కలు మరియు మొక్కల ఉత్పత్తులపై మాత్రమే ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. ఇవి ఆకుపచ్చ / పొడిగడ్డి, ఆకులు, కొమ్మలు మరియు పండ్లు వంటి మొక్కల యొక్క వివిధ భాగాలను తింటాయి. తద్వారా ఆవు శాకాహారి అని చెప్పగలను.

• ఆవులు, గేదెలు చెట్ల క్రింద కూర్చొని దవడలు కదిలించడం చూసే ఉంటారు. అలా ఎందుకు చేస్తాయో మీకు తెలుసా?
జవాబు:
ఆవు మరియు గేదె ఆహారాన్ని చాలా త్వరగా నమిలి, మింగిన తరువాత వాటి కడుపులో ఒక భాగంలో నిల్వ చేసుకొంటాయి. కొంత సమయం తరువాత, ఇవి కడుపు నుండి నోటికి ఆహార పదార్థాన్ని తిరిగి తెచ్చి, మళ్ళీ తీరికగా నములుతాయి. దీనినే నెమరు. వేయటం అంటారు.

కృత్యం – 6

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 27

ప్రశ్న 6.
మీ పరిసరాలలో కుక్కను గమనించండి. ఆహారం ఎలా సేకరిస్తుందో గమనించండి. పరిశీలనలను రాయండి.

• కుక్క ఆహారాన్ని ఎలా పసిగడుతుంది?
జవాబు:
కుక్క వాసన ద్వారా తన ఆహారాన్ని కనుగొంటుంది. కుక్కల ముక్కు మన కంటే వెయ్యి రెట్లు ఎక్కువ సున్నితమైనది.

• ఆహారం తీసుకోవటంలో ఏ భాగాలు సహాయపడతాయి?
జవాబు:
నోరు మరియు నాలుక ఆహారాన్ని తీసుకోవడంలో పాల్గొంటాయి.

• కుక్క మాంసాన్ని ఎలా తింటుంది?
జవాబు:
కుక్క ఇతర జంతువులను తన కాళ్ళతో పట్టుకుంటుంది. ఇది పదునైన దంతాలను ఉపయోగించి మాంసాన్ని చీల్చి తింటుంది. ఇది మాంసాన్ని, దంతాల సహాయంతో నమిలి, నాలుకను మింగడానికి ఉపయోగిస్తుంది.

• కుక్క నీరు ఎలా త్రాగుతుంది?
జవాబు:
కుక్క తన నాలుకతో నీటిని లాక్కుని త్రాగుతుంది.

• కుక్క నాలుకను ఉపయోగించే విధానానికి, కప్ప లేదా ఆవు నాలుకను ఉపయోగించే విధానానికి ఏమైనా తేడా ఉందా? కింద ఇవ్వబడిన ఖాళీల్లో రాయండి.

జంతువు	నాలుక ఉపయోగం
కప్ప
ఆవు
కుక్క

జవాబు:

జంతువు	నాలుక ఉపయోగం
కప్ప	ఆహారాన్ని పట్టుకోవటానికి
ఆవు	గడ్డిని మింగడానికి
కుక్క	నీరు త్రాగడానికి

కృత్యం – 7

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 28

ప్రశ్న 7.
చిత్రాన్ని గమనించండి మరియు క్రింది ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానం ఇవ్వండి.
• ఆహారపు గొలుసులో శక్తికి మూలవనరు ఏమిటి?
జవాబు:
సూర్యకాంతి ఆహారపు గొలుసులో శక్తికి మూలం.

• మిడత దాని శక్తిని ఎలా పొందుతుంది?
జవాబు:
ఆహార గొలుసులో మిడత ఒక ప్రాథమిక వినియోగదారు. కాబట్టి ఇది ఆహారం కోసం గడ్డిపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది.

• ఆహారపు గొలుసు నుండి కప్ప తొలగించబడితే కాకికి ఏమవుతుంది.?
జవాబు:
ఈ ఆహార గొలుసులో కప్ప, మిడతను తినే ద్వితీయ వినియోగదారు. ఈ ఆహార గొలుసులో కప్ప తొలగించబడితే, మిడత జనాభా పెరుగుతుంది. కాకి, కప్పలను తినే తృతీయ వినియోగదారు. ఈ ఆహార గొలుసులో కప్పను తొలగించినట్లయితే, కాకులు ఆకలితో చనిపోతాయి మరియు వాటి జనాభా తగ్గుతుంది.

• ఇచ్చిన చిత్రంలో పుట్టగొడుగు పాత్ర ఏమిటి?
జవాబు:
పుట్టగొడుగు ఒక శిలీంధ్రము. చనిపోయిన పదార్థం విచ్ఛిన్నం చేయడం ద్వారా పుట్టగొడుగు ఆహారాన్ని పొందుతుంది.

ఇవి వ్యర్థ పదార్థాలను విచ్ఛిన్నం చేస్తూ విచ్ఛిన్నకారులుగా పని చేస్తాయి.

ప్రాజెక్ట్ పనులు

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 31

ప్రశ్న 1.
కొంగలు ఎక్కువగా కనిపించే సమీపంలోని కొలను దగ్గరకు వెళ్ళండి. అవి చేపలు పట్టే విధానాన్ని గమనించి రాయండి. (నీటి తావుల దగ్గరకు వెళ్ళినపుడు జాగ్రత్తగా ఉండాలి. అలాంటి చోట్లకు వెళ్లినప్పుడు పెద్దవారి సహాయం తీసుకోండి.)
జవాబు:

• కొంగలు సాధారణంగా సరస్సులలో కనిపిస్తాయి మరియు చేపలు దానికి ఆహారం.
• దానికి ఉన్న పొడవాటి సన్నని కాళ్ళు నీటిలో ఇబ్బంది కలగకుండా కదలడానికి సహాయపడతాయి.
• చేపలను పట్టుకునేటప్పుడు కొంగ చాలా నెమ్మదిగా కదలడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తుంది.
• కాబట్టి చేపలకు దాని ఉనికి తెలియదు.
• ఒక్కోసారి అది చేపల వేట కోసం చాలా కాలం పాటు నిలబడవలసి వస్తుంది దీనినే కొంగ జపం అంటారు.
• కొంగ దాని పొడవైన ముక్కు సహాయంతో చేపలను వేగంగా పట్టుకుంటుంది.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఒకటి లేదా రెండు వానపాములను సేకరించి తడిమట్టి గల సీసాలో వేయండి. రంధ్రాలు గల మూతతో సీసాను మూయండి. వానపాము ఆహారం ఎలా తీసుకుంటుందో గమనించండి. మీ పరిశీలనలను నమోదు చేయండి.
జవాబు:
లక్ష్యం :
తడి నేలలో వానపాములు ఆహారం తీసుకొనే చర్యను గమనించడం.

మనకు కావలసినది :
రెండు వానపాములు, ఒక గాజు సీసా, తడి మట్టి.

ఏమి చేయాలి :
ఒక గాజు సీసా తీసుకొని కొంత తడి మట్టితో నింపండి. ఇప్పుడు మట్టితో నిండిన సీసాలో రెండు వానపాములను ఉంచండి. కొంతకాలం వాటిని గమనించండి.

మనం ఏమి చూస్తాము :
వానపాములు తక్కువ పరిమాణంలో మట్టిని తినడం ప్రారంభించాయని మనం గమనించవచ్చు.

మనం నేర్చుకున్నవి :
పై పరిశీలనలతో వానపాములు పోషకాలను కలిగి ఉన్న తేమతో కూడిన మట్టిని తింటాయని మనం నిర్ధారించాము.

ప్రశ్న 3.
కింది పట్టికను పూరించండి.

ఆహార సేకరణకు ఉపయోగించే శరీర భాగం	ఉదాహరణలు
ముక్కు	కోడి ……….
నాలుక
పళ్ళు
చూషకం
బలమైన గోర్లు గల కాళ్ళు

జవాబు:

ఆహార సేకరణకు ఉపయోగించే శరీర భాగం	ఉదాహరణలు
ముక్కు	కోడి, కొంగ, చిలుక
నాలుక	కప్ప, బల్లి, ఊసరవెల్లి
పళ్ళు	మానవుడు, కుక్క, పులి
చూషకం	జలగ
బలమైన గోర్లు గల కాళ్ళు	పులి, సింహం, కుక్క

ప్రశ్న 4.
మీ సొంత ఆహారపు గొలుసును తయారుచేసి, మీ తరగతి గదిలో ప్రదర్శించండి.
జవాబు:
విద్యార్థి కృత్యం : మొక్క → గొంగళీ → ఊసరవెల్లి → పాము → ముంగిస
(ఈ ఆహార గొలుసు ఆ జంతువుల రేఖాచిత్రాలతో తయారు చేయవచ్చు).

ప్రశ్న 5.
జంతువుల చిత్రాలు సేకరించి వాటిని శాకాహార, మాంసాహార, ఉభయాహార జంతువులుగా వేరుచేసి పుస్తకంలో అంటించి స్క్రిప్ బుక్ తయారుచేయండి.
జవాబు:
ఉదా :

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 8 How Fabrics are Made

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are natural fibres? Give examples?
Answer:
The fibres which are deriving from plants and animals are called natural fibres.
Ex: cotton, wool, silk, jute, coir, etc.

Question 2.
What are Artificial fibres? Give examples?
Answer:
The fibres which are deriving from chemicals are artificial fibres or synthetic fibres. Ex : – Polyester, polythene, Nylon, Rayon, etc.

Question 3.
What is fibre?
Answer:
Small strand-like structures are called fibres.

Question 4.
What is weaving?
Answer:
Making fabric from yarn is called weaving.

Question 5.
How can you remove wrinkles from our dress?
Answer:
By ironing, we can remove wrinkles from our dress.

Question 6.
How are clothes useful to us?
Answer:
1) The clothes are used as a shield to protect ourselves from different weather conditions.
2) Along with protection, clothes can also be a symbol of beauty and status.

Question 7.
Which fabric is used in making banners and book bindings?
Answer:
Calico is a type of fabric used in making banners and book bindings.

Question 8.
Which fibre is known as golden fibres?
Answer:
Jute.

Question 9.
Which state is the highest produces of Jute in India?
Answer:
West Bengal.

Question 10.
Why should we use cloth bags instead of polythene bags?
Answer:
To protect our environment we should use cloth bags instead of polythene bags.

Question 11.
Which type of fabrics dries in a short time?
Answer:
Artificial fabrics dry in a short time.

Question 12.
Why seeds are removing from cotton balls?
Answer:
Cotton seeds are removing from cotton balls to make an even and uniform fabric.

Question 13.
Why we spin the fibres in order to make yarn?
Answer:
Fibres are very thin and weak we twist them together to make them strong thick and long.

Question 14.
Which material is used for making gunny bags and why?
Answer:
Jute fibres are used for making gunny bags. Because they are strong and can hold heavy loads.

Question 15.
Name the two types of looms?
Answer:
Handlooms and power loom.

Question 16.
Name the two simple devices used for spinning?
Answer:
Spindle (Takli) and Charaka.

Question 17.
Name the person who made the Charaka popular during the Independence movement?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 18.
Where is the coconut industry well developed in India?
Answer:
The coconut industry is mainly well developed in the states of Kerala* Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

Question 19.
Which area is famous for Kalamkari Textiles?
Answer:
Machilipatnam and Pedana are famous for Kalamkari textiles.

Question 20.
Which city is famous for the carpet industry?
Answer:
Machilipatnam.

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
While purchasing your dress what doubts would you want to clarify from the shopkeepers?
Answer:

• What type of washing does it need?
• Will it absorb the sweat of the body?
• Does the cloth provide free airflow to the body?
• What is the durability of cloth?

Question 2.
How can different fabrics be used?
Answer:

• Our purpose and the priority of fabric together determine which type of fabric to be used.
• Coarse fabrics can be used for mopping and making gunny bags but not for making clothes.
• Some fabrics have to be considered for choosing curtain fabrics.
• The calico fabric used to make banners and bookbinding.

Question 3.
Where is the handloom industry well developed in our state?
Answer:

• The handloom industry is very well developed in our state.
• Places like Venkatagiri, Narayanapeta, Dharmavaram, Mangalagiri and Kothakota are famous for handloom industries.
• Pedana and Machilipatnam are famous for kalamkari.
• Machilipatnam is also famous for the carpet industry.

Question 4.
Where is child labour working? Why are they forced into labour? How can you eradicate child labour?
Answer:

• In agricultural works, where cotton is widely grown, their child labourers are working.
• To pick up maturing cotton bolls from cotton plants, children work in field as child labourers.
• Some parents to get additional income through their children are putting them as child labourers.
• Some organizations are working against child labourers and sending them back to schools.

Question 5.
What are the uses of coir?
Answer:

• The coconut coir industry is one of the rural industry in India.
• The coir is still used for agricultural and domestic purposes, and controlling landslide or soil erosion.
• Brown coir is used in brushes, doormats, mattresses and for making sacks.

Question 6.
What are different clothes used in ancient times by human beings?
Answer:

• Human beings in ancient times use leaves and skins of animals as clothes.
• Clothes were also made from metal Warriors used to wear a metal jacket during wars.
• You can see clothes like these in historical museums are in television shows.

Question 7.
What are the uses of the gunny bags?
Answer:

• Paddy, Chilli and other commercial crops are packed in gunny bags.
• All bags of those types are made up of coarse Jute fabric.
• These bags are suitable for carrying heavy materials.

Question 8.
How do you prepare strong yarn from cotton boll? Describe the activity yam perform?
Answer:

• The yarn that we make from cotton wool is not strong enough to be used for weaving.
• To get strong yarn from fibre, a spindle (takli) an instrument for spinning has been used since olden days.
• Charaka is also used to make yarn.
• The process of making yarn from fibre is called spinning.
  

Question 9.
How yarn is used to make fabric?
Answer:

• The yarn that is prepared from the fibre is used to make fabric.
• Strands of yarn are arranged in vertical and horizontal rows in a Loom to weave fabric.
• The spinning of yarn on large scale is now done by using machines.
• Two sets of yarn arranged together to make the fabric is called weaving.
• Weaving is done on looms, the looms that work with the help of man are called Handlooms. Power looms are run by a machine.
  

Question 10.
How do you make cotton yarn?
Answer:

1. Cotton is usually picked by hands. Cotton wool is separated from seeds. This process is called ginning.
2. Cotton fibre is collected after removing the seeds from the cotton boll.
3. This cotton fibre is cleaned, washed and combed.
4. After combed its is spun to make cotton yarn.

Question 11.
How do you get jute yarn?
Answer:

1. Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant.
2. The stem of the harvested plant is cut and immersed in water for some days.
3. When the stem is soaked in water it becomes rotten and easy to peel.
4. Then the fibres are separated from the stem to get jute yarn.

Question 12.
Where do we use jute yarn?
Answer:

1. Paddy, chilli and other commercial crops are packed in gunny bags.
2. All bags of these types are made up of coarse jute fabric.
3. These bags are suitable for carrying heavy material.
4. Jute fibre is obtained from stem of jute plant.

Question 13.
Where do we find the handloom industry in our state?
Answer:

1. The handloom industry is well developed in our state.
2. Places like Uppftda, Venkatagiri, Dharmavaram, Pondhuru, Chirala and Mangalagiri are famous for the handloom industry.
3. Kalamkari is a type of hand-printed cotton textile.
4. Machilipatnam, Pedana are famous for Kalamkari. Machilipatnam is also famous for its carpet industry.

Question 14.
Draw a flow chart to explain the process from fiber to fabric?
Answer:

Question 15.
Write about the coconut industry?
Answer:

1. The coconut coir industry is one of the rural industry in India.
2. It is located mainly in the states like Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.
3. It provides a source of income to about 5 lakhs of artisans in rural areas.
4. Women constitute about 80% of the workforce in coir industry.

Question 16.
Draw a flow chart about coconut products?
Answer:

Question 17.
Write the uses of coir?
Answer:

1. Coir has come a long way from the ancient uses.
2. It is still used for agricultural and domestic purposes and to control landslide or soil erosion.
3. Coir is also used as a substrate to grow mushrooms.
4. Brown coir is used in brushes, doormats, mattresses and for making sacks.

Question 18.
What are the types of fibres?
Answer:

1. The fibres of some fabrics such as cotton, jute are obtained from plants. Silk and wool are obtained from animals. The fibres that are derived from plants and animals are natural fibres.
2. Nowadays, clothes are also made up of chemically developed yarn like polyester, terylene, nylon, acrylic etc. These are all called artificial fibres.

Question 19.
Why should we use cloth bags instead of plastic bags?
Answer:
We all use polythene bags for different purposes. Polythene is very difficult to decompose. To protect our environment. We should use cloth bags instead of polythene bags.

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you make cotton yarn and fibres?
Answer:

• Collect some cotton balls from nearby houses or cotton fields.
• Remove the seeds from cotton balls and separate cotton.
• Take a small piece of cotton and observe it under a microscope.
• We will observe small tiny hairy structures called fibres.
• Removing of seeds from cotton is called ginning.
• These fibres are cleaned, washed and combed.
• These fibres are twisted together to make yarn.
• Now these yarns are dyed and coated with chemicals.
• Then they become strong enough to make fabrics.
  

Question 2.
How do you identify the fibres in fabric? Describe the procedure.
Answer:

• Take a fabric piece. With the help of a magnifying lense, observe how the fabric is
• Pull out threads one by one from the fabric.
  
• Take one thread, scratch its end and observe it through a magnifying lens.
• We can observe small tiny long structures called fibres.
• These fibres are twisted together to form yarn
• By using of these yarn on handlooms or powerlooms the workers are making the cotton fabrics.
  Fibre → Yarn → Fabric

Question 3.
What are the factors involved in the selection of a fabric?
Answer:

• The fabrics protect us from different weather conditions.
• Along with protection clothes are also be a symbol of beauty and status.
• Choice of fabric may vary from person to person.
• Some may like to wear clothes made up of light, thin, shiny fabrics.
• Another person may like to wear clothes that are brightly coloured and made of coarse fabrics.
• Fabrics for casual and formal wear may be different.
• Personal choice, the personality of the owner and the cost of the fabric are all important factors in the selection of perfect fabric.

Question 4.
How do you make a mat with coconut leaves?
Answer:

• Take coconut leaves or two colour paper strips.
• Cut and remove the middle vein of the leaf to get two halves.
• Now put these strips parallel to each other.
• Take one more strips and insert horizontally and alternately between the vertical strips.
• Finally, you will get a sheet-like structure. This is the way a mat is prepared.

Question 5.
What do you observe in gunny yarn? Compare Jute yarn with other yarns?
Answer:

• Collect gunny bags, pull out the threads from the bag and observe under magnifying lens.
• We will see strands of yarn.
• We can compare these fibres with cotton fibres.
• In the same way fibre is made from Red sorrel (Gongura) and bamboo.
• Hemp and flax also plant fibres that are used in making clothes but in smaller quantities as compared to cotton.
• Like cotton, jute yarn is also useful in making fabric.
• It is also called Golden fabric.
• Jute fabrics is not the same as cotton fabric. It is harder, stronger and rougher.

Question 6.
People dress up according to the season. The earth’s revolution is responsible for the changing seasons. Complete the following table.

S.No.	Season	Months	Climate	Clothes we wear
1.	Rainy
2.	Winter
3.	Summer

Answer:

S.No.	Season	Months	Climate	Clothes we wear
1.	Rainy	June – Sep	More humid, Rains	Polyester, PVC
2.	Winter	Oct – Jan	Very cool	Wool, Polyester, Nylon Etc
3.	Summer	Feb – May	Very hot	Cotton

 

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 7 Let us Measure

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 7th Lesson Fun with Magnets

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are conventional methods of measurement?
Answer:
The conventional methods of measurement are Foot – space, Hand – space, and Cubit.

Question 2.
What are the units for length?
Answer:
Meter is the standard unit of length.

Question 3.
What do you mean by area? What is the standard unit to measure area?
Answer:
Square centimeter (cm²) is the standard unit to measure area.

Question 4.
What is the instrument used to measure the volume of liquids?
Answer:
Measuring cylinder.

Question 5.
What is the yard?
Answer:
A distance between the nose and tip of the figure is called a yard.

Question 6.
Who made the first scale? Now, where is it?
Answer:
France made the first scale and now it is in France museum.

Question 7.
What was the material used by France to make the scale?
Answer:
Platinum and iridium.

Question 8.
What are the instruments we used in our daily life to measure the length?
Answer:
We use instruments like plane tape, roll tape, scales with different measurements made with wood plastic, and metals.

Question 9.
Give examples for having cured path?
Answer:
The perimeter of the bucket and perimeter of Kadai or Tava having curved paths.

Question 10.
What is the convenient unit to measure the distance between Guntur to Visakhapatnam?
Answer:
Kilo meter is a suitable unit to measure long distances.

Question 11.
Why cubit can’t be used as a standard unit of length?
Answer:
The cubit can’t be used as a standard unit of length, because the length of the hand or cubit is not equal for all of the people.

Question 12.
What is a cube?
Answer:
The cube is a measurement of 1 cm length 1cm breadth and 1cm of Height.

Question 13.
Which device did we use to measure the length of the curved line?
Answer:
We use the thread to measure the length of a curved line.

Question 14.
How the long-distance is measured?
Answer:
Long-distance is measured by kilometers.
1 kilo meter = 100 meters

Question 15.
The distance between Rama’s house and school is 2500 meters. Convert this distance in to kilometers?
Answer:
1 kilometer = 1000 meters
2500 m = 2500/1000 = 2.5 km

Question 16.
What is the relation between ml and cm3?
Answer:
1 ml = cm³

Question 17.
What is the unit to express the thickens of wires?
Answer:
Milli meters.

Question 18.
Which instruments are used to measure the volumes of milk and liquids?
Answer:
Measuring cylinders.

Question 19.
Which instruments are used to measure the plane of irregular surface?
Answer:
Graph paper.

Question 20.
What is the standard unit of measuring the volume of solids?
Answer:
The standard unit of measuring the volume of solids is ml.

Question 21.
Are you able to measure the volume of loose solids?
Answer:
Yes, we are able to measure the volume of loose solids.

Question 22.
How can you decide a standard unit of volume of a solid?
Answer:
The standard unit of volume of a solid cm³.

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How is the distance yard decided in the early days?
Answer:

• The distance between nose and tip of the middle finger of their king was taken a measure by some people.
• They called this distance as a yard.
• This yard was divided into three equal parts and each part was called as a foot.
• They divided each foot into twelve equal parts called inches.
• Then they divided each inch into smaller parts.

Question 2.
Why there is a need to develop an internationally accepted instrument for measuring lengths?
Answer:

• Each country had its own scale which differs from others, so it lead to commerce a lot of problems in trade and commerce.
• So each country in the world began to make their own sales.
• Finally in France, it was decided that a certain length of rod made of a special material (Platinum – Iridium) would be called a meter.
• This was finally accepted as an instrument of measuring lengths.

Question 3.
What is the standard unit of length? How is it divided into smaller units?
Answer:

• Meter is the standard unit of length.
• The centimeter and millimeters are smaller units of length
  
• 1 Meter (1 m) = 100 centimeters (100 cm)
• 1 Centimeter (1 cm) = 10 millimeters (10 mm)

Question 4.
Describe a measuring cylinder. Where are they used?
Answer:

• A measuring cylinder is a tubular structure with graduations marked on the body.
• We can fill it with liquid and can read markings at the lowest point of the concave surface of the liquid.
• Measuring cylinders are available in different sizes.
• They are used in laboratories to measure a certain volume of liquids like milk, oil etc.

Question 5.
A persons height is written as 1.85 m. Convert it in to cm and milli meters?
Answer:
Person height is 1.85 m
1 meter = 100 cm
1.85 m = 1.85 x 100 = 185 cm
We know that 1 meter = 1000 mm
1.85m = 1.85 x 1000 mm = 1850 mm

Question 6.
Why meter scale is used to measure the cloth length?
Answer:

• The meter scale is an internationally accepted instrument for measuring length.
• This avoids a lot of problems in international trades and commerce.
• The length measures with the meter is constant anywhere in the world.

Question 7.
Why did women use their hands to measure the jasmine flowers sting?
Answer:
Accuracy is not important in measuring the jasmine string.
Various in measurement is negligible in this trade.
So, there is no problem by using hand measurement in this aspect.
And this is also an old tradition of our country that will be continued.

Question 8.
Define volume? What is its importance?
Answer:
Volume is a measure of extent space that occupy a body.
Apart from the measuring of volume of liquids we also measure the volumes of solids like sand and clay.

• We use measuring cylinders to measure the volume of liquids as milk, kerosene and oil.
• The volume of liquid is expressed in liters or in ml.

Question 9.
How is meter scale designed and what is it subunits? Where it is preserved?
Answer:

• In France, it was decided that a certain length of rod made of a special material (Platinum-Iridium) would be called a meter.
• The meter was divided into 100 equal parts called centimeters.
• Each centimeter was further divided into ten equal parts called millimeters.
• Now we are using this as a standard measurement for length throughout the world.
• This original scale is preserved in a museum in France.

Question 10.
How do you measure the length with a meter scale?
Answer:

• The zero marks on the scale are made to coincide with one end of the table and the reading at the point which is coinciding with the other end of the table is taken.
• Since a meter scale has some thickness.
• We may make an error if the eye is not correctly positioned.
• The correct position of the eye is vertically above the end where the reading is to be taken.

Question 11.
How do you select a suitable instrument to measure length?
Answer:
I select a tape to which is a suitable instrument to measure the length.

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What precautions must be taken while using a meter scale?
Answer:
We must take the following precautions while using a meter scale:

• The scale should be placed exactly along length to be measured.
• Zero-point of the scale should be coincide with the starting point of the length to be measured.
• Our eyes must be vertically above the point of coincidence of scale where the measurement is to be taken.
• Ensure that the ends of scale are not worn out.
• Measure the length of an object more than two times and then take the average of these measurements for accuracy.

Question 2.
How do you measure the height of your classmate using a meter scale?
Answer:

• I shall ask my classmate to stand with his / her back against a wall.
  
• I put a mark on the wall exactly above his / her head.
• Then I measure the distance, from the floor to this mark on the wall, with a scale.
• The same procedure is followed to some other students and their observations are recorded in the table.

Question 3.
How do you measure the length accurately with a meter scale?
Answer:

• In our day-to-day work, we use a wooden/plastic scale to measure lengths.
• It is marked or graduated in centimeters and millimeters.
• Take a scale. The zero mark on the scale is made to coincide with one end of the table.
• And the reading at the point which is coinciding with the other end of the table is taken.
• Since a meter-scale has some thickness, we may make an error if the eye is not correctly positioned.
• The correct position of the eye is which is vertically above the end where the reading is to be taken.

Question 4.
Observe the given of figure. In each figure, vertical and horizon¬tal lines divide the surface into certain number of parts.

Now answer the following questions?
i) Which figure has more area and why?
Answer:
I think, both the figures have same area.

ii) Are all the parts in both figures equal?
Answer:
No, in both figure length and breadth are not equal.

iii) What is the shape of the smaller part in each diagram?
Answer:
It has square shape.

iv) Is the length and breadth of each smaller part are equal?
Answer:
Yes, the length and breadth of each smaller part are equal.

v) Measure the length and breadth of any one part of each diagram. What do you notice?
Answer:
We notice that they have equal area with different measurements.

Question 5.
How can you measure the area of a rectangular surface?
Answer:

• Cut a cardboard into a shape of rectangle having length 4 cm and breadth 2 cm as shown in Figure.
  
• Let us measure its area. The convenient unit to measure the area of given cardboard would be cm2.
• Take a centimeter graph paper. Each small square on this graph paper has a side equal to 1 cm.
• The area of each small square on this graph paper is 1 cm2.
• Place the cardboard on the centimeter graph paper (figure).
• and draw its outline with the help of a sharp pencil.
• Now remove the cardboard and mark the shape as PQRS.
• Count the number of squares inside the outline. The number of squares is 8.
• Area of the cardboard is equal to the area covered by PQRS on the graph paper.
• Area of PQRS = Total area of unit squares inside the PQRS
  = 8 x area of 1 unit square
  = 8 x 1cm² = 8 cm²
  In this case, the cardboard we used has a regular shape – rectangle.

Question 6.
Write about the measuring cylinder?
Answer:

• Measuring cylinder is cylindrical in shape, with graduations marked on its body.
• Measuring cylinders are available in different sizes.
  
• They are used in laboratories to measure a certain volume of a liquid and to measure milk, oils, etc by shop keepers.
• We can fill it with the liquid to be measured and then read the marking at the lowest point of the concave surface of liquid.
• We must bring our eyes in line with this level of liquid and then read it.
• Apart from measuring the volumes of liquids, we also measure the volumes of solids, for example, loose solids like sand, clay, and ready-mix of cement.

Question 7.
See the picture and answer the following questions?

i) Can we measure long distances such as one country to other country using the instruments?
Answer:
No, its not possible.

ii) If not, how are these distances measured?
Answer:
Long distances are used in kilo meters.

iii) What instruments are used?
Answer:
An odometer is used to measure the kilometers.

iv) Is there any other way to measure very large distances?
Answer:
Very long distances are generally denoted in light-years. That is, distance traveled by light in one year.

Question 8.
Narrate the story of scale?
Answer:
Many hundred years ago, people used to measure distances with their hand-spans, strides or foot-spans.

• One day a very tall man went to a shop to buy some cloth. He asked for three and a half arm’s length of cloth.
• The shopkeeper measured three arm lengths of cloth and then added approximately another half-arm length.
• The man felt that the shopkeeper had cheated on him. So he measured the cloth with his arms and found that the cloth was not even three arm lengths.
• He told the shopkeeper that the length of the cloth was less than three-and-a-half arms when he measured with his own arm.
• The shopkeeper replied that his own arm was the standard for measuring. They both argued about whose arm was to be taken as a standard measure.
• In those days, people arguing over measuring the length of fields, ropes, and hundreds of other things must have been a familiar fight. How should one measure a half or a quarter arm length
• Finally, some sensible people got together and decided to have a scale of a fixed length.
• In order to measure subunits, they marked this scale with several smaller but equal divisions.
• They then decided that everyone would measure lengths with this scale.
• They used wood and metal to make scales of the same length.

Question 9.
How do you measure the volume of a cardboard box?
Answer:

• We measure the volume of cardboard with the help of cube boxes.
• Each cube has a measurement of 1 cm length, 1 cm breadth, and 1 cm height.
• The volume of one cube is equal to 1cm x 1cm x 1cm = 1 cm³ which is known as 1 cubic centimeter and written as 1 cm³.
• A cubic centimeter is a standard unit for the measurement of the volume of solids.
• Therefore the volume of the rectangular cardboard box is equal to the total number of cubes occupying it. Therefore the volume of a rectangular cardboard box
  = 12 x 1 cm³ = 12 cm³.
• However, if we multiply length, breadth and height, it would be
  3 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm = 12 cm³
• Therefore, we can say the volume of a box = length x breadth x height

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 12 Movement and Locomotion

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is movement?
Answer:
The displacement of a body or its parts from its original position is called movement.

Question 2.
What is locomotion?
Answer:
The displacement of an entire body from one place to another is called locomotion.

Question 3.
What is the use of locomotion?
Answer:
Locomotion helps for protection and food gathering.

Question 4.
How the muscles are connected to hones?
Answer:
Muscles are connected to bones either directly or with the help of tendons.

Question 5.
How do the muscles work?
Answer:
Muscles work in pairs. When one of them contracts, the bone is pulled in that direction and the other muscle of the pair relaxes.

Question 6.
What is a skeleton?
Answer:
Different bones of our body combine together to form the skeleton.

Question 7.
What is joint?
Answer:
The point where two bones meet is called a joint.

Question 8.
What are the types of joints?
Answer:
Joints are of two types. They are movable and immovable (fixed)

Question 9.
What are the types of movable joints?
Answer:
Movable joints are four types namely 1. Ball and socket 2. Hinge 3. Sliding 4. Pivot joints.

Question 10.
What is the use of tendons?
Answer:
Tendons join the muscles to bones.

Question 11.
What is the function of the ligament?
Answer:
Ligaments join one bone to the other bone.

Question 12.
Where do you find fixed joints?
Answer:
The joint between the upper jaw and the skull is the fixed joint.

Question 13.
Give some examples for locomotory organs?
Answer:
The stream-lined body, fins in fish; wings, legs in birds; ribs in the snake; muscular foot in snail are useful in locomotion.

Question 14.
How many muscles are there in our body?
Answer:
There are more than 650 muscles in our body.

Question 15.
What is the biggest muscle in our body?
Answer:
The biggest muscle is Gluteus Maximus

Question 16.
What is the smallest muscle in our body?
Answer:
The smallest muscle in our body is Stapedius.

Question 17.
Which muscles work without rest?
Answer:
Interestingly the muscle of the heart works without rest.

Question 18.
How much blood is pumped by the heart per minute?
Answer:
The human heart forces 4500 ccs of blood per minute through blood vessels.

Question 19.
What is the movable joint in the skull?
Answer:
This lower jaw is the only movable joint of the skull.

Question 20.
How many bones are there in the body?
Answer:
There are 206 bones present in our body.

Question 21.
How the bones are made up of?
Answer:
These bones are so hard they are made of calcium and phosphorus.

Question 22.
What is the biggest bone in our body?
Answer:
The biggest bone is the femur.

Question 23.
What is the smallest bone in our body?
Answer:
The smallest bone is stapes.

Question 24.
Why we can’t move the upper jaw?
Answer:
There is a joint between the upper jaw and the rest of the head. It is a fixed joint. So, you cannot move the upper jaw.

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you observe the shoulder muscles?
Answer:
Make a fist with one hand, bend your arm at the elbow and touch your shoulder with the fist.

Also, touch your upper arm with the other hand, you feel a swollen region inside your upper arm. This is muscle.
The muscle bulges due to contraction.
When the muscle is contracted it becomes shorter, stiffer, and thicker.

Question 2.
Is it possible to move your parts without moving muscles? Why?
Answer:
It is not possible to move the body parts without moving muscles.
Muscles are fleshy structures that cause movement.
These are attached to one another and perform contraction and relaxation.
By these contractions, bones are pulled in that direction that makes the movement.

Question 3.
How do Muscles work?
Answer:

1. Muscles work in pairs.
   
2. When one of them contracts, the bone is pulled in that direction and the other muscle of the pair relaxes.
3. To move the bone in the opposite direction, the relaxed muscle contracts and the first one relaxes.
4. Thus two muscles have to work together to move a bone.

Question 4.
What is Tendon? What is its role in our body?
Answer:
Some muscles have round, white, and rope-like fibers at their ends that connect them to the bone.
These fibrous structures are called Tendons.

You can feel the tendons in several parts of your body like; above the elbow, beneath the knee, near the ankle.
They have a key role in body movements to pull the bones.
These also help muscles to attach to the bones.

Question 5.
What is Skeleton System? What is its importance?
Answer:

1. The different bones of different parts of the body combine together to form a single structure or system. This structure is called the skeleton.
2. The skeletal system provides base and shape to our body.
3. It provides protection to internal organs.
4. It also help in blood formation.

Question 6.
What is a ligament? What is its use?
Answer:
Two bones are joined together in a special way by fibers. These fibers are called ligaments These helps in bones connection and body movements.

Question 7.
How we are without a skeleton.
Answer:

1. It’s funny to imagine our body without a skeleton.
2. Without a skeleton, muscles don’t have support.
3. So the body does not have a shape.
4. The body becomes a fate round ball.

Question 8.
How do you observe the lower jaw bone?
Answer:
Ask your friend to open his mouth and move his lower jaw up and down as well as sideways.
Observe his face carefully.
This is the place where the lower jaw bone is joined to the skull.
Press your finger on both sides of your face and spot where you have these joints. This lower jaw is the only movable joint of another skull.

Question 9.
What is Clavicle? What is its importance?
Answer:

1. The clavicle is a long bone between the neck and the shoulder blade it’s also known as collar bone.
2. It provides great support to the shoulder and helps to carry weighty things.

Question 10.
How do you observe the Clavicle?
Answer:

1. To observe the clavicle fold one arm and rest it on your waist.
2. Now slowly lift your arm and shoulder together.
   
3. Run a finger of your other hand from just below your neck towards your shoulder.
4. Try and locate a raised bone there and the one behind it.
5. The raised bone is called the clavicle and the bone behind it is the shoulder blade.

Question 11.
What are the differences between Ribs and Ric Case?
Answer:

Ribs	Rib case
1. Ribs are the bones in chest cavity.	1. Ribs connect together and form rib case.
2. These are 12 in pair.	2. Its single in number.
3. These are connected to chest bone at front side and back bone to back side.	3. Whole structure of chest bone, ribs and back bone is called as rib case.
4. Helps in respiratory movements and protection.	4. It protects lungs and heart.

Question 12.
How do you observe the backbone?
Answer:

1. Ask your friend to stand up, bend forward at the waist and try to touch his toes with his palms.
   
2. Run a finger along the center of his back from below the neck.
3. A long structure running down the middle of his back is called the backbone.

Question 13.
How do you observe the Pelvic Girdle?
Answer:

1. Press the area just below your waist with the fingers of both hands.
   
2. You can feel the bones with the same shape on both sides of your body. This is called the pelvic girdle.
3. Here the leg bones are attached to the bottom of the spine by a group of bones. This is called the pelvis.
4. This is also the part you sit on.

Question 14.
Write about the Skull?
Answer:

1. The skull is made up of many bones joined together.
2. It encloses and protects the brain.
   
3. The joints between the skull bones are fused.
4. They are also called fixed joints.

Question 15.
What is Cartilage? How it useful to the body?
Answer:

1. Some parts of the ear and nose are soft and others are hard.
2. The soft parts are made up of a structure called cartilage.
3. This is also a bone but it is flexible.
4. The cartilage is present in other parts of the skeleton as well, like, between the tips of the rib, eyelids, and sternum, between the vertebrae of the vertebral column, etc.
5. It protects the ends of long bones at the joints and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, and the nose.

Question 16.
What are the joints? What are the types in it?
Answer:

1. The point where two bones meet is called a Joint.
2. The joints help us to bend, twist and turn.
3. There are different types of joints in our body to help us carry out different movements and activities.
4. The joints are divided into two types. 1. Movable joints 2. Immovable joints

Question 17.
Write about fixed joints?
Answer:

1. Some joints between bones in our body can’t move, such joints are called fixed joints.
2. These joints are fused and seem to be a single bone.
3. These are present in the skull. When you open your mouth, you can move your lower jaw only.
4. The remaining joints are fixed joints in the skull.

Question 18.
Write about locomotion in birds?
Answer:

1. Birds fly in the air and walk on the ground.
2. Birds can fly because their bodies are well suited for flying.
3. Their bones are hollow and light.
4. The bones of the hind limbs are typical for walking and perching.
5. The forelimbs are modified as wings which help the bird in flight.
6. Feathers also play an important role in flight mechanism.

Question 19.
Observe the hen and the sparrow. How do they move?
Answer:
Hen and Sparrows, both are birds but they have different styles in locomotion.

HEN	SPARROW
1. It can’t fly.	1. It can fly.
2. Walking is main locomotion.	2. It can jump and fly.
3. Legs are enough strong.	3. Legs are thin and weak.
4. Wings are not enough strong to ; floats its body in air.	4. Wings are enough strong to fly.

Question 20.
Describe the Locomotion in Snakes?
Answer:

1. Snakes do not have limbs (legs).
2. Snakes have a long backbone and several muscles.
3. Usually, the snake’s body curves into many loops.
4. Each loop of the snake gives it a forward push by pressing against the ground.
5. This helps the snake move forward very fast.

Question 21.
How do you observe the Locomotion in Snails?
Answer:

1. Collect a snail from a garden.
2. Place the snail on a glass plate and watch it when it starts moving.
   
3. A thick structure may come out of an opening in the shell.
4. The thick structure is its foot, made of strong muscle.
5. The wavy motion of its foot is the reason why a snail moves slowly.

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
There are other ways in which snakes move. Try to find out about them. Collect those pictures, information and display them on wall magazine.
Answer:
Snakes have four ways of moving around. Since they don’t have legs they use their muscles and their scales to do the “walking”.

• Serpentine method: This motion is what most people think of when they think of snakes. Snakes will push off of any bump or other surface, rocks, trees, etc., to get going. They move in a wavy motion. They would not be able to move over slick surfaces like glass at all. This movement is also known as lateral undulation.
  
• Concertina method: This is a more difficult way for the snake to move but is effective in tight spaces.
  The snake braces the back portion of their body while pushing and extending the front portion. Then the snake drops the front portion of their body and straightens and pulls the back portion along. It is almost like they threw themselves forward.
  
• Side winding: This is a difficult motion to describe but it is often used by snakes to move on loose or slippery surfaces like sand or mud. The snake appears to throw its head forward and the rest of its body follows while the head is thrown forward again.
  
• Rectilinear Method: This is a slow, creeping, straight movement. The snake uses some of the wide scales on its belly to grip the ground while pushing forward with the others.
  

Question 2.
Write about movable joints in Human beings?
Answer:
Movable joints are four types. They are:

1. Ball-and-socket joint: The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup-like shape of another. Examples of a ball-and-socket joint include the hip and the shoulder.
2. Hinge joint: The ends of the bones are shaped in a way that allows motion in two directions, forward and backward. Examples of hinge joints are the knees and elbows
3. Pivot joint: Only allows rotating movement. The joint that joins the skull to the backbone is called the pivot or neck joint.
4. Gliding joint: It is a joint which allows only gliding movement. The gliding joint allows one bone to slide over the other. The gliding joint in your wrist allows you to flex your wrist. It also allows you to make very small side-to-side motions. There are also gliding joints in your ankles and backbone.

Question 3.
How the fish swim in the water?
Answer:

1. The body of the fish is streamlined.
2. The shape is such that it allows the fish to move in water easily.
3. The skeleton of the fish is covered with strong muscles.
   
4. While swimming, muscles make the front part of the body swing towards one side while the tail swings its body towards the opposite side.
5. This creates a jerk and pushes the body forward.
6. A series of such jerks help the fish swim forward.
7. The tail fins also aid in this movement.

Question 4.
Write about different types of Locomotion and their Locomotory Organs in a tabular manner.
Answer:
Animals show different types of locomotion with their locomotory organs. Those are:

Locomotion	Animals	Locomotary Organ	Discription
1. Swim	Fish	Fins	Fins and spindle body helps to fish in swimming.
2. Fly	Birds	Wings	Birds have strong feathered wings to fly.
3. Crawl	Snakes	Scales	Snakes crawl with scales that are present at bottom of the body.
4. Walk	Man	Legs	Animals use four legs to walk, but humans two.

Question 5.
Observe the skeletal system of a bird and write their parts.
Answer:

SCERT AP 6th Class Science Study Material Pdf 2nd Lesson మొక్కల గురించి తెలుసుకుందాం Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Questions and Answers మొక్కల గురించి తెలుసుకుందాం

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson మొక్కల గురించి తెలుసుకుందాం Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning (అభ్యసనాన్ని మెరుగుపరచుకుందాం)

I. ఖాళీలను పూరించండి.

1. తల్లివేరు వ్యవస్థ …………. మొక్కలలో ఉంటుంది. (ద్విదళ బీజ)
2. కాండం అగ్ర భాగంలో ఉండే మొగ్గను ……………. అంటారు. (అగ్రకోరకం)
3. మొక్క పత్రాలలో వాయు మార్పిడి కోసం ఉపయోగపడే భాగాలు ……….. (పత్రరంధ్రాలు)
4. కిరణజన్య సంయోగక్రియ జరిపే మొక్కలలోని ప్రధాన భాగాలు ………….. (పత్రాలు)

II. సరైన సమాధానాన్ని గుర్తించండి.

1. పత్రరంధ్రాల ముఖ్య విధి
A) ప్రసరణ
B) బాష్పోత్సేకం
C) కిరణజన్య సంయోగక్రియ
D) శోషణ
జవాబు:
B) బాష్పోత్సేకం

2. నీరు, ఖనిజ లవణాల శోషణలో ఉపయోగపడే మొక్క భాగం
A) వేరు
B) కాండం
C) పత్రం
D) పుష్పం
జవాబు:
A) వేరు

3. మొక్కలో పత్రాలు ఉద్భవించే కాండ భాగం
A) కణుపు
B) కోరకం
C) బీజదళం
D) కణుపు నడిమి భాగం
జవాబు:
A) కణుపు

III. ఈ క్రింది ప్రశ్నలకు జవాబులు రాయండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
మొక్కలలో ముఖ్యమైన భాగాలు ఏవి?
జవాబు:
మొక్కలలో ముఖ్యమైన భాగాలు :
ఎ) వేర్లు
బి) కాండం
సి) ఆకులు
డి) పువ్వులు
ఇ) పండ్లు

ప్రశ్న 2.
మొక్కకు కాండం ఏ విధంగా సహాయపడుతుంది?
జవాబు:
మొక్క కాండం,

• కొమ్మలు, ఆకులు, పువ్వులు మరియు పండ్లకు ఆధారం ఇస్తుంది.
• నీరు మరియు ఖనిజాలను మొక్కల వేర్ల నుండి ఎగువ భాగాలకు రవాణా చేస్తుంది.
• ఆహారాన్ని ఆకుల నుండి ఇతర ప్రాంతాలకు రవాణా చేస్తుంది.
• కొన్ని మొక్కలలో ఇది ఆహారాన్ని నిల్వ చేస్తుంది, తద్వారా వాటిని నిల్వ కాండం అని పిలుస్తారు.
• ఉదా : బంగాళదుంప, పసుపు, అల్లం, వెల్లుల్లి మరియు చెరకు.

ప్రశ్న 3.
వేరు వ్యవస్థకు, పత్రంలోని ఈనెల వ్యాపనానికి గల సంబంధం ఏమిటి?
జవాబు:
వేరు వ్యవస్థ మరియు పత్రంలోని ఈనెల వ్యాపనంనకు మధ్య సంబంధం కలదు.
ఎ) తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ కలిగిన మొక్కలు జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం కల్గి ఉంటాయి.
బి) గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థ కలిగిన మొక్కలు సమాంతర ఈనెల వ్యాపనం కల్గి ఉంటాయి.

ప్రశ్న 4.
రజని “శ్వాసక్రియ పత్రాలలో జరుగుతుంది” అన్నది. ఈమె చెప్పినది సరైనదేనా? నీవు ఏ విధంగా ఈమె మాటను సమర్థిస్తావు?
జవాబు:

• రజనీ చెప్పినది సరైనది.
• మొక్కల ఆకులు వాటి ఉపరితలంపై చిన్న రంధ్రాలను కలిగి ఉంటాయి. వీటిని పత్ర రంధ్రాలు అంటారు.
• పత్ర రంధ్రము ఆకుకు ముక్కులా పనిచేస్తుంది.
• కాబట్టి ఆకులు వాయువుల మార్పిడి స్థావరాలు.
• అందువలన శ్వాసక్రియ మొక్కలలో పత్ర రంధ్రము ద్వారా జరుగుతుంది.

ప్రశ్న 5.
మొక్కలలో పత్రాలు లేకుంటే ఏమి జరగవచ్చు?
జవాబు:

• మొక్కలలో పత్రాలు ఆహారం తయారీకి కిరణజన్య సంయోగక్రియ యొక్క ప్రదేశాలు.
• మొక్కలలో వాయు మార్పిడి మరియు శ్వాస ప్రక్రియ ఆకుల ద్వారా జరుగుతుంది.
• మొక్కలోని అధిక నీరు ఆకు ఉపరితలం ద్వారా ఆవిరి రూపంలో తొలగించబడుతుంది.
• మొక్కకు ఆకులు లేకపోతే అది దాని స్వంత ఆహారాన్ని తయారు చేయదు మరియు శ్వాసక్రియ మరియు బాష్పోత్సేకము అనే విధులను నిర్వహించదు.
• ఆకులు లేని మొక్కలలో కాండం ఈ విధులను నిర్వర్తించగలదు.

ప్రశ్న 6.
మొక్కలు వేర్ల ద్వారా నీటిని గ్రహిస్తాయని ఏ విధంగా ఋజువు చేయగలవు? కృత్యం – 3
జవాబు:
లక్ష్యం :
మొక్కలు వేరు ద్వారా నీటిని పీల్చుకోవడాన్ని గమనించడం.

మనకు కావలసింది :
ఒక క్యారెట్, ఒక గ్లాసు నీరు మరియు నీలం సిరా.

ప్రయోగ విధానం :

• ఒక గ్లాసు నీరు తీసుకొని దానికి కొన్ని చుక్కల నీలం సిరా జోడించండి.
• ఇప్పుడు గ్లాసులో క్యారెట్ ఉంచండి.
• క్యారెట్ ను 2 లేదా 3 రోజులు నీటిలో ఉంచండి.
• అప్పుడు క్యారెట్ ను నిలువుగా కత్తిరించండి. దాని లోపలి భాగం గమనించండి.

పరిశీలన :
నీలం రంగు నీరు క్యారెట్ లో పైకి ప్రసరించటము గమనిస్తాము.

నిర్ధారణ :
క్యారెట్ లో నీలం రంగు కనిపిస్తుంది.

ప్రశ్న 7.
పటం సహాయంతో మొక్కలోని వివిధ భాగాలను వివరించండి.

జవాబు:
మొక్క ముఖ్య మైన భాగాలు :
ఎ) వేరు బి) కాండం సి) ఆకు డి) పువ్వు ఇ) పండు

ఎ) వేరు :

• మొక్క ప్రధాన అక్షం యొక్క భూగర్భ భాగం వేరు.
• వేర్లు నేల నుండి నీరు మరియు ఖనిజాలను గ్రహిస్తాయి.

బి) కాండం : భూమి పైన ఉన్న మొక్క యొక్క వాయుగత భాగం కాండం.

• ఇది కొమ్మలు, ఆకులు, పువ్వులు మరియు పండ్లను కలిగి ఉంటుంది.
• ఇది నీరు, ఖనిజాలు మరియు పోషకాలను వివిధ భాగాలకు రవాణా చేస్తుంది.

సి) ఆకు :

• కణుపు నుండి ఉత్పన్నమయ్యే మొక్క యొక్క చదునైన, ఆకుపచ్చ భాగం ఆకు.
• ఇది కిరణజన్య సంయోగక్రియ, శ్వాసక్రియ మరియు బాష్పోత్సేకమునకు సహాయపడుతుంది.

డి) పువ్వు :

• మొక్క యొక్క ప్రకాశవంతమైన మరియు అందమైన భాగం.
• ఇది ఒక మొక్కలో పునరుత్పత్తి భాగం.

ఇ) పండు :

• ఇది విత్తనాలను కలిగి ఉన్న మొక్క యొక్క తినదగిన భాగం.
• ఇది పువ్వు నుండి అభివృద్ధి చెందుతుంది.

ప్రశ్న 8.
పటం సహాయంతో పత్రభాగాలను వివరించండి.
జవాబు:
ఆకు యొక్క ప్రధాన భాగాలు :

ఎ) పత్ర పీఠం బి) పత్ర వృంతము సి) పత్ర దళం డి) మధ్య ఈనె ఇ) ఈనెలు

ఎ) పత్ర పీఠం : కణుపు దగ్గర కాండాన్ని ఆకుతో కలిపే ఆకు యొక్క దిగువ భాగం.
బి) పత్ర వృంతము : మొక్క యొక్క కాండంతో ఆకును కలిపే కాడ వంటి నిర్మాణం.
సి) పత్ర దళం : ఆకు యొక్క.సన్నని, చదునైన, ఆకుపచ్చ భాగం పత్ర దళం
డి) మధ్య ఈనె : పత్ర దళం మధ్యలో ఉండే పొడవైన ఈనె.
ఇ) ఈనెలు : మధ్య ఈనె నుండి ఉత్పన్నమయ్యే సన్నని నిర్మాణాలు మరియు ఇవి పత్రదళంపై వ్యాపించి ఉంటాయి.

ప్రశ్న 9.
జాన్ ఇంటి పరిసరాలలో మొక్కలను పెంచేందుకు చాలినంత స్థలం లేదు. కానీ తను తన ఇంటివద్ద టమాట, వంగ వంటి కూరగాయల మొక్కలను పెంచాలనుకుంటున్నాడు. అతనికి మొక్కలను పెంచడానికి కొన్ని మార్గాలను సూచించండి.
జవాబు:
టెర్రస్ గార్డెన్, కిచెన్ గార్డెన్, నిలువు తోటలు పరిమిత స్థలంలో మొక్కలను పెంచడానికి కొన్ని పద్ధతులు.

ఎ) టెర్రస్ గార్డెన్ :
ఇది టెర్రస్ మీద పెంచుకొనే సాధారణ తోట. ఈ ప్రక్రియలో మొక్కలను పెంచడానికి నీటి డబ్బాలూ, మొక్కల కుండలు, మరియు ఇతర వ్యర్థ పాత్రలను ఉపయోగిస్తారు.

బి) కిచెన్ గార్డెన్ :
వంటగదిలో వంట కోసం మొక్కలను పండించే తోట వంటిది.

సి) నిలువు తోటలు :
మొక్కలను నేల మీద కాకుండా నిలువుగా ముఖ్యంగా, గోడల వెంట నిలువుగా నీటి గొట్టాలు అమర్చి పెంచే ఏర్పాటు.

కృత్యాలు

కృత్యం – 1

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 13

ప్రశ్న 1.
మీరు సేకరించిన మొక్కలను పరిశీలించండి. మొక్కభాగాలను గుర్తించడానికి ప్రయత్నించండి. మీ పరిశీలనను పట్టికలో నమోదు చేయండి. నమోదు చేసిన పరిశీలనలు ఆధారంగా కింది ప్రశ్నలను చర్చిద్దాం.

జవాబు:

• మీరు సేకరించిన వాటిలో వేర్లు లేని మొక్కలను పరిశీలించారా?
జవాబు:
లేదు. వేర్లు లేని మొక్కను కనుగొనలేదు.

• అన్ని మొక్కల, పత్రాలు ఒకే పరిమాణంలో ఉన్నాయా?
జవాబు:
అన్ని మొక్కల ఆకులు పరిమాణంలో సమానంగా లేవు.

• పుష్పాలు లేని మొక్కలు ఉన్నాయా?
జవాబు:
నేను గమనించిన మొక్కలలో పుష్పాలు లేని మొక్క లేదు.

• అన్ని మొక్కలలో ఉమ్మడిగా ఉండే భాగాలేమిటి?
జవాబు:
వేర్లు, కాండం, ఆకులు మరియు పువ్వులు అన్ని మొక్కలలో నేను గమనించిన సాధారణ భాగాలు.

• మీరు సేకరించిన మొక్కల వేర్లను పటం – 2 మరియు పటం-3లతో పోల్చండి. ఆ మొక్కల వేర్లు తల్లివేర్లా లేక గుబురు వేర్లా అనేది వేరు వ్యవస్థ అనే గడిలో రాయండి.

జవాబు:

మొక్క పేరు	వేరు వ్యవస్థ రకం
1. వరి	గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థ
2. తులసి	తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ
3. మామిడి	తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ
4. గులాబి	తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ
5. వేప	తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ
6. గడ్డి	గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థ

• తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థలో, మధ్యలోని వేరు ఏ విధంగా కనిపిస్తోంది?
జవాబు:
మధ్య ప్రధాన వేరు మందంగా ఉంది మరియు సన్నని నిర్మాణాలు కలిగి ఉంది.

• ఈ మధ్య వేరును తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థలోని మిగిలిన వేర్లతో పోల్చండి.
జవాబు:
మధ్య వేరు మందంగా ఉంటుంది, దీనినే తల్లి వేరు అని పిలుస్తారు. మిగిలిన వేర్లు సన్నగా ఉంటాయి, వీటిని పార్శ్వ వేర్లు అంటారు.

• గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థలో ఇటువంటి ప్రధానమైన వేరు ఉన్నదా? ఈ వేర్లు ఏ విధంగా ఉన్నవి?
జవాబు:
గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థలో ప్రధాన వేరు లేదు. ఇక్కడ అన్ని వేర్లు పరిమాణంలో సమానంగా ఉంటాయి.

• తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థకు, గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థకు మరేమయినా భేదాలను గమనించారా?
జవాబు:
తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థలో వివిధ పరిమాణాలలో తల్లి వేరు మరియు పార్శ్వ వేర్లు ఉంటాయి. గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థలో అన్ని వేర్లు సన్నగా మరియు పరిమాణంలో ఏకరీతిలో ఉంటాయి.

కృత్యం – 2

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 14

ప్రశ్న 2.
చిక్కుడు విత్తనం వేర్లను రాగుల వేరు వ్యవస్థలతో పోల్చండి.
జవాబు:
లక్ష్యం :
చిక్కుడు విత్తనం వేర్లును రాగుల వేరు వ్యవస్థలతో పోల్చడం.

కావలసిన పరికరాలు :
రెండు పేపర్ కప్పులు, మట్టి, చిక్కుడు విత్తనాలు, రాగుల విత్తనాలు, నీరు.

ప్రయోగ విధానం :
రెండు పేపర్ కప్పులు తీసుకొని సారవంతమైన మట్టితో నింపండి. ఒక కప్పులో 2 లేదా 3 చిక్కుడు విత్తనాలు మరియు మరొక కప్పులో కొన్ని రాగులను విత్తండి. వాటిపై నీరు చల్లండి. కొన్ని రోజుల తరువాత, మనం మొలకలు చూస్తాము. ఆ మొలకలకు కొత్తగా పుట్టుకొచ్చే ఆకులను గమనించండి. నేల నుండి మొక్కలను జాగ్రత్తగా తీసివేసి వాటి వేర్లను గమనించండి.

పరిశీలన :
చిక్కుడు విత్తనం నుండి రెండు ఆకులు వెలువడతాయి మరియు రాగుల మొలకల నుండి ఒక ఆకు మాత్రమే ఉద్భవించింది. ఇవి బీజదళాలు. చిక్కుడు గింజకు రెండు బీబీ దళాలు ఉన్నాయి కాబట్టి ఇది ద్విదళ బీజ దళాల మొక్క రాగులలో ఒక బీజ దళం ఉంది కాబట్టి ఇది ఏకదళ బీజ మొక్క చిక్కుడు విత్తనంలో తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ ఉంటుంది. అయితే రాగులలో గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థ ఉంటుంది.

నిర్ధారణ :
ద్విదళ బీజం మొక్కలకు తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ ఉంటుంది. ఏక దళ బీజం మొక్కలు గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థను కలిగి ఉంటాయి.

కృత్యం – 4

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 16

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఒక కాండం ద్వారా నీటి ప్రసరణను గమనించడం.
జవాబు:

లక్ష్యం :
ఒక కాండం ద్వారా నీటి ప్రసరణను గమనించడం.

కావలసినవి :
బాల్సమ్ మొక్క యొక్క చిన్న కొమ్మ, ఒక గ్లాసు నీరు, ఎరుపు సిరా.

ఏమి చేయాలి :
ఒక గ్లాసు నీరు తీసుకొని దానికి కొన్ని చుక్కల సిరా కలపండి. ఇప్పుడు నీటిలో చిన్న కొమ్మ ఉంచండి.

ఏమి గమనిస్తావు :
కాండం ఎర్రగా మారుతుంది. ఏమి నేర్చుకొంటావు : ఎర్రని రంగు కాండం పైకి ప్రసరించటం వలన కాండం ఎర్రగా మారింది.

కృత్యం – 5

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 17

ప్రశ్న 4.
కృత్యం-1లో సేకరించిన మొక్కల పత్రాలను పరిశీలించండి. అవి ఏ విధంగా ఉన్నాయి? అన్నింటికీ ఒకే పరిమాణం, ఆకారం ఉన్నాయా? కృత్యం-1లో సేకరించిన మొక్కల పత్రాలను పోల్చి చూడండి. పట్టికలో పరిశీలనలను నమోదు చేయండి. పత్రపు ఆకారం, పత్రపు అంచు వివరించటం ఇబ్బందిగా ఉన్నప్పుడు వాటి బొమ్మలను పట్టికలో గీయండి.

జవాబు:

• పత్రాలన్నింటిలోను సాధారణంగా ఉండే భాగాలు ఏవి?
జవాబు:
పత్రపీఠం, పత్ర వృంతము, పత్రదళం అన్ని ఆకులలో నేను గమనించిన సాధారణ భాగాలు.

• పత్రాలన్నీ ఒకే విధమైన ఆకారాన్ని కలిగి ఉంటాయా?
జవాబు:
అన్ని ఆకులు ఒకే ఆకారంలో ఉండవు.

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 18

ప్రశ్న 5.
ఒక పత్రాన్ని తీసుకుని దానిని నీ నోటుపుస్తకంలోని ఒక పేజీ లేదా ఒక తెల్లకాగితం కింద ఉంచండి. పెన్సిల్ ములుకును అడ్డంగా ఉంచి, కాగితంపై రుద్దండి. కాగితంపై చిత్రం ఏర్పడిందా?

• మీకు ఏమైనా ముద్ర వచ్చిందా?
జవాబు:
అవును. నేను ఆకు యొక్క ముద్రను పొందాను.

• ఈ నమూనా ఆకు మాదిరిగానే ఉందా?
జవాబు:
అవును. ఇది ఆకు మాదిరిగానే ఉంది.

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 18

ప్రశ్న 6.
కృత్యం-1లో సేకరించిన పత్రాలలోని ఈ నెల వ్యాపనాన్ని పరిశీలించండి. ఈ నెలన్నీ నడిమి ఈనెకు ఇరువైపులా వల వలె వ్యాపించి ఉన్నట్లయితే దానిని జాలాకార ఈ నెల వ్యాపనం అని, ఈ నెలన్నీ ఒకదానికొకటి సమాంతరంగా వ్యాపించి ఉన్నట్లయితే దానిని సమాంతర ఈనెల వ్యాపనమని అంటారు. మీ పరిశీలనలను కింది పట్టిక నందు నమోదు చేయండి.

జవాబు:

మొక్క పేరు	ఈనెల వ్యాపనం (జాలాకార / సమాంతరంగా)
1. వరి	సమాంతర ఈనెల వ్యాపనం
2. తులసి	జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం
3. మామిడి	జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం
4. గులాబి	జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం
5. వేప	జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం

• సమాంతర ఈనెల వ్యాపనం కలిగిన మొక్కలలో ఏ రకమైన వేర్లు ఉంటాయి?
జవాబు:
ఆకులలో సమాంతర ఈనెల వ్యాపనం ఉన్న మొక్కలలో గుబురు వేర్లు ఉన్నాయి.

• జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం కలిగిన మొక్కలలో ఏ రకమైన వేర్లు ఉంటాయి?
జవాబు:
ఆకులలో వల లాంటి ఈ నెల వ్యాపనం ఉన్న మొక్కలలో తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ ఉంది.

• ఈనెల వ్యాపనానికి, వేరు వ్యవస్థకూ మధ్య ఏదైనా సంబంధం ఉందా?
జవాబు:
అవును. ఈనెల వ్యాపనం మరియు వేరు వ్యవస్థ మధ్య సంబంధం ఉంది. తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థ కలిగిన మొక్కలకు వల లాంటి లేదా జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం కలిగి ఉంటే, గుబురు వేర్లు కలిగిన మొక్కలు సమాంతర ఈనెల వ్యాపనం కలిగి ఉంటాయి.

కృత్యం – 8

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 19

ప్రశ్న 7.
ఆకులో పత్ర రంధ్రమును గమనించండి.
జవాబు:

లక్ష్యం :
ఆకులో పత్ర రంధ్రమును గమనించడం.

మనకు కావలసింది :
కండగల ఆకు, నీరు, సూక్ష్మదర్శిని, సైడ్.

ఏమి చేయాలి :
కండకలిగిన ఆకు తీసుకోండి. ఆకు యొక్క బయటి పొరను తీసి రక్షక కణాలు సై లో ఉంచండి. దానిపై ఒక చుక్క నీరు వేసి సూక్ష్మదర్శిని క్రింద గమనించండి.

ఏమి గమనిస్తావు :
మనం కొన్ని చిక్కుడు గింజ ఆకారపు భాగాలను కనుగొంటాము.

ఏమి నేర్చుకొంటావు :
చిక్కుడు గింజ ఆకారపు భాగాలు పత్ర రంధ్రములు. ఇవి మానవులకు ముక్కు మాదిరిగా మొక్కల్లో వాయు మార్పిడికి ఉపయోగపడతాయి.

కృత్యం – 9

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 19

ప్రశ్న 8.
ఎండలో పెరిగే ఆరోగ్యవంతమైన మొక్కను ఎంపిక చేయాలి. పత్రాలు కలిగిన కొమ్మను ఒక పాలిథీన్ సంచిలో బంధించి మూతిని గట్టిగా దారంతో కట్టాలి. మరొక ఖాళీ పాలిథీన్ సంచిని తీసుకుని కొమ్మ లేకుండా మూతిని గట్టిగా దారంతో కట్టాలి. రెండు పాలిథీన్ సంచులను ఎండలో ఉంచండి. కొన్ని గంటల తరవాత పాలిథీన్ సంచుల లోపలి భాగాన్ని పరిశీలించండి. ఏ పాలిథీన్ సంచి లోపలనైనా నీటి బిందువులు ఏర్పడినవా? ఎలా ఏర్పడ్డాయి?
జవాబు:
లక్ష్యం :
అదనపు నీరు ఆకు ఉపరితలం నుండి ఆవిరి రూపంలో తొలగించబడుతుందని గమనించడం.

మనకు కావలసింది :
బాగా నీరు పోసిన మొక్క పాలిథీన్ సంచి, దారం.

ఏమి చేయాలి :
బాగా నీరు పోసిన మొక్కను తీసుకోండి. మొక్క యొక్క కొమ్మను పాలిథీన్ సంచిలో పెట్టి, దాని మూతిని కట్టండి. మరొక పాలిథీన్ బ్యాగ్ తీసుకొని, ఏ మొక్కను ఉంచకుండా మూతిని కట్టండి. రెండు పాలిథీన్ సంచులను సూర్యుని క్రింద ఉంచండి. కొన్ని గంటల తరువాత రెండు సంచుల లోపలి ఉపరితలాన్ని గమనించండి.

ఏమి గమనిస్తావు :
మొక్క ఉన్న పాలిథీన్ సంచిలో కొన్ని నీటి బిందువులు కనిపిస్తాయి. మరొక పాలిథీన్ సంచిలో బిందువులు లేవు.

ఏమి నేర్చుకొంటావు :
మొక్కలు ఆకుల పత్ర రంధ్రము ద్వారా దేహంలోని అదనపు నీటిని విడుదల చేస్తాయి. దీనినే బాష్పోత్సేకం అంటారు. మొక్కలు నీటిని ఆవిరి రూపంలో విడుదల చేసే ఈ ప్రక్రియను బాష్పోత్సేకము అంటారు.

ప్రాజెక్ట్ పనులు

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 21

ప్రశ్న 1.
నీ పరిసరాల నుండి ఏదైనా ఒక మొక్కను సేకరించండి. దాని వేరు వ్యవస్థను పటం గీయండి. ఈ వేరు వ్యవస్థను గూర్చి ఏమి చెప్పగలవు?
జవాబు:

• మొక్కలో సేకరించిన వేరు వ్యవస్థ తల్లి వేరు వ్యవస్థను చూపుతుంది.
• ఈ మొక్కలో, ప్రధాన వేరు మందంగా ఉంటుంది మరియు భూమిలోకి నేరుగా పెరుగుతుంది.
• మరియు తల్లి వేరు నుండి ఉత్పన్నమయ్యే చిన్న వేర్లు (పార్శ్వ వేర్లు) ఉన్నాయి.
• నేల లోతైన పొరల్లోకి చొచ్చుకుపోవడానికి ఈ వేరు వ్యవస్థ మొక్కకు సహాయపడుతుంది.
  (లేదా)
  
• మొక్కలో సేకరించిన వేరు వ్యవస్థ గుబురు వేరు వ్యవస్థను ప్రదర్శిస్తుంది.
• ఈ మొక్కలో అన్ని వేర్లు సన్నగా మరియు పరిమాణంలో ఏకరీతిలో ఉంటాయి.
• ఈ వేరు వ్యవస్థ కాండం యొక్క పునాది నుండి ఉత్పన్నమయ్యే వేర్లు – సమూహాన్ని కలిగి ఉంటుంది.
• వేరు వ్యవస్థ మొక్కను మట్టికి గట్టిగా పట్టుకోవటానికి మరియు నేల కోతను నివారించడానికి సహాయపడుతుంది.

ప్రశ్న 2.
వివిధ మొక్కల పత్రాలను సేకరించి, హెర్బేరియం తయారుచేయండి. వాటి ఆకారం, పరిమాణం, ఈ నెల వ్యాపనం గురించి రాయండి.
జవాబు:
విద్యార్థి కృత్యం :
విద్యార్థులు వివిధ ఆకారాలు మరియు ఆకుల పరిమాణాలను సేకరిస్తారు.

• హెర్బేరియంలో మొక్కల భాగాల నమూనాలు సేకరించి, ఎండబెట్టి, కాగితముపై అంటిస్తారు.
• సేకరించిన పత్రాలు వివిధ ఆకారాలు కలిగి వేరు వేరు అంచులు కలిగి ఉన్నాయి.
• సేకరించిన ఆకులలో కొన్ని జాలాకార ఈనెల వ్యాపనం మరియు సమాంతర ఈ నెల వ్యాపనం కల్గి ఉన్నాయి.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఎండుటాకులతో ఒక గ్రీటింగ్ కార్డును తయారుచేయండి.
జవాబు:

• వివిధ ఆకారాలు మరియు పరిమాణంలో ఉన్న ఎండిన ఆకులు సేకరించుకోవాలి.
• ఈ ఆకులను అంటించటానికి ఒక అట్ట ముక్కను సిద్ధం చేసుకోవాలి.
• అట్ట ముక్క మీద ఎండిన ఆకులను నిర్దిష్ట ఆకారంలో అంటించుకోవాలి.
• అందువలన ఆకులతో అందమైన బొమ్మ ఏర్పడుతుంది.
• అట్టముక్కకు అందమైన అంచును అతికించటం వలన మనకు కావలసిన అందమైన గ్రీటింగ్ తయారౌతుంది.

ప్రశ్న 4.
పచ్చని పత్రాలు, అందమైన పుష్పాలున్న ఏదైనా మొక్కను పరిశీలించండి. ఆ మొక్కను గురించి నీ అనుభూతిని మీ నోటు పుస్తకంలో రాయండి.
జవాబు:

• ఆరోగ్యకరమైన ఆకుపచ్చ ఆకులు మరియు అందమైన పువ్వులతో కూడిన మొక్కను చూసినప్పుడు మనసు ఉల్లాసభరితమౌతుంది.
• ఆకుల ఆకుపచ్చ రంగు దృశ్యం ప్రకృతి అందానికి ఆనవాలు.
• ఆకుపచ్చ రంగు మన కళ్ళకు ఆహ్లాదకరంగా ఉంటుంది. తద్వారా ఇది మన కళ్ళకు చాలా ఆరోగ్యంగా ఉంటుంది.
• ఆరోగ్యకరమైన మొక్కను చూసినప్పుడు, మన మనస్సు రిఫ్రెష్ అవుతుంది మరియు అన్ని బాధలను మరచి పోవడానికి సహాయపడుతుంది.
• రంగుల పువ్వులు, వాటి అందం మనకు విశ్రాంతినిస్తాయి. మరియు దాని సువాసన మనకు ఆనందాన్ని ఇస్తుంది.