Category: Class 6

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth

6th Class Social Studies 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
What is a globe?
Answer:
Globe is a true model of the Earth.

Question 2.
What are the movements of the Earth?
Answer:
Rotation and Revolution are the movements of the Earth.

Question 3.
Which movement of the Earth causes Day and Night?
Answer:
Rotation of the Earth causes Day and Night.

Question 4.
What happens when the Earth rotates?
Answer:
During rotation, half portion of the Earth receives Sun’s rays and the remaining half portion remains in darkness.

Question 5.
Define the Earth’s Rotation and Revolution.
Answer:
Rotation: Planet Earth rotates around itself on its own axis. This movement is called Rotation.
Revolution: Planet Earth rotates around the Sun. This movement is called Revolution.

Question 6.
What is the true shape of the Earth?
Answer:
The Earth is round in shape. The Earth is slightly flattened at the poles and bulges in the middle or at the equator.

Question 7.
Which Latitude is known as the Tropic of Cancer?
Answer:
The latitude which is located at 23\(\frac{1}{2}\)° north of the equator is known as the Tropic of Cancer.

Question 8.
Read the Paragraph under the title ‘Equinox’ and comment on it.
On 21st March and September 23rd direct rays of the Sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the Sun. So, the whole earth experiences equal days and nights. This is called an equinox.
On 23rd September, it is autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere and spring season in the Southern Hemisphere. The opposite is the case on 21st March when it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, you find days and nights and changes in the seasons because of the rotation and revolution of the earth.
Answer:
On 21st March and 23rd, September Sun’s rays fall directly on the Equator. So we experience equal day and night on both these days. This is called equinox. On 21st March it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere. Because of Earth’s rotation, half portion of the Earth receives Sun’s rays and the remaining half remains in darkness. So we find changes on Earth because of Earth’s rotation and revolution.

Question 9.
Create a table and list out the similarities and differences between Latitudes and Longitudes.
Answer:
Similarities between latitudes and longitudes:

1. Latitudes and longitudes are both artificial.
2. Latitudes and Longitudes are both invisible lines.
3. Latitude is based on the 0° latitude while longitude is based on Greenwich.
4. They both help us to locate a place on earth

Differences:

Latitudes	Longitudes
1) Latitudes are the horizontal lines.	1) Longitudes are vertical lines
2) Lines of latitudes are parallel to the equator.	2) Lines of longitude are not parallel and come to a singular point.
3) Latitudes lines run in the East and West directions.	3) Longitude lines run in the North to South direction.

Question 10.
If India has day, it is night in America. What is the reason for this difference?
Answer:
The part of the Earth that faces the Sun gets illuminated and experiences the day. The opposite part of the earth that does not face the Sun, experiences night. As India is opposite to America the difference in day and night occurs.

Question 11.
Take a ball and draw the latitudes and longitudes on the surface.
Answer:
Project Work: Student Activity.

Question 12.
Prepare a note on the difference between a globe and an atlas.
Answer:

1. A globe is a three-dimensional sphere. An atlas is two-dimensional.
2. A globe represents the whole earth. An atlas represents the whole earth or a part of it.
3. A globe can be used to get a broad-level picture of the world. An atlas provides more specific information about different places.

Question 13.
Find out the latest leap year and the coming leap year.
Answer:
The present year 2020 is a leap year. 2024 is the coming leap year.

Question 14.
What preparations should be taken to watch a solar eclipse safely?
Answer:
The Sun outputs more power than our eye is designed and so it damages the retina. So we should not watch the Sun or the solar eclipse directly. We should use special-purpose solar filters, such as eclipse glasses to watch Solar eclipses safely. Projecting the Sun through a box projector is another safe way to watch the solar eclipse.

Question 15.
It is difficult to understand the geographical location, time, and distance in the absence of the imaginary lines – latitudes and longitudes. Appreciate the design of the imaginary lines of latitudes and longitudes.
Answer:

1. Latitudes are used to define the North-South position of a location on the planet.
   The general climatic division of a place can be studied with the help of latitudes.
2. Longitudes are used to define the East-West position of a location on the planet. Longitudes also help us to calculate the time of a particular place.
3. If the latitude and longitude are known any position on earth can be located. Even- though, longitudes and latitudes are imaginary lines they play an important role.

So we should appreciate the design of the imaginary lines of the latitudes and longitudes.

Question 16.
Venu met some children from different cities at a youth festival. They were: Geethika, John, Nihal, and Uma. Venu collected some information about their cities.
Venu has given us certain clues. Can you find out the cities with the help of an Atlas?

• Geethika – A girl from a city where 19° Northern Latitude and 72° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………
• John – A boy from a city where 12° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………
• Nihal – A boy from a city where 28° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………
• Uma – A girl from a city where 22° Northern Latitude and 88° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………

Answer:

• Geethika – A girl from a city where 19° Northern Latitude and 72° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: ( Bombay)
• John – A boy from a city where 12° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: (Bangalore)
• Nihal – A boy from a city where 28° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: (Delhi)
• Uma – A girl from a city where 22° Northern Latitude and 88° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
  Find and write the city name: (Kolkata)

Question 17.
If an astronaut from a spaceship looks down at the Earth, can he/she see the rotation of the earth?
Answer:
Yes. From a spaceship, an astronaut can see the rotation of the earth. Spaceships move around the Earth at a different speed. So the astronaut can see the Earth’s rotation.

Question 18.
Why can’t we sense the rotation and revolution of the Earth?
Answer:
The Earth is moving at a fixed speed and we are also moving along with it at the same speed. That is why we can’t sense the Earth’s spin. If Earth’s spin changes we would definitely sense it. If we are in a car that is moving at a constant speed on a smooth surface, we will not know that we are moving. However, when the car accelerates or when the brakes are applied, we will feel the motion. Another example is, we can drink coffee or tea on a moving train which is moving at a constant speed* because we are traveling by the train at the same speed. If the speed of the train changes we can’t drink. The spin of Earth doesn’t make those kinds of changes. So we can’t sense the rotation and revolution of the Earth.

Question 19.
Choose the correct answer.
i) The movement of the Earth around the Sun is known as
A) Rotation
B) Revolution
C) Inclination
D) Meridian
Answer:
B) Revolution

ii) Sun rays fall directly on the Equator on:
A) 21 March
B) 21 June
C) 22 December
D) 22 October
Answer:
A) 21 March

iii) Christmas is celebrated in summer in:
A) Japan
B) Australia
C) India
D) The USA
Answer:
B) Australia

iv) The cycle of the seasons is caused due to:
A) Rotation
B) Revolution
C) Gravitation
D) Inclination
Answer:
B) Revolution

Question 20.
Find and fill the latitudes and longitudes in the given table with the help of Atlas and Globe.

S.No.	PLACE	LATITUDES	LONGITUDES
1.	Vijayawada
2.	Kadapa
3.	Tirupati
4.	Visakhapatnam
5.	Your Village (Chittor)

Answer:

S.No.	PLACE	LATITUDES	LONGITUDES
1.	Vijayawada	16°50′ N	80°64′ E
2.	Kadapa	14°46’ N	78°82′ E
3.	Tirupati	13°62’ N	79°41′ E
4.	Visakhapatnam	17°68′ N	83°21′ E
5.	Your Village (Ex: Chittoor)	13°21′ N	79°10’ E

Question 21.
Find and fill the latitudes and longitudes extent of India and Andhra Pradesh in the given table with the help of Google Maps or Atlas.

PLACE	LATITUDES		LONGITUDES
	From	To	From	To
India
Andhra Pradesh
Your district (Kurnool)
Your Mandal (Nandyal)

Answer:

PLACE	LATITUDES		LONGITUDES
	From	To	From	To
India	8°4′ N	37°6′ N	68°7′ E	97°25′ E
Andhra Pradesh	12°41′ N	19°07’ N	77° E	84°40′ E
Your district (Ex: Kurnool)	15°50′ N	4°32′ N	78° 1′ E	45° 71′ E
Your Mandal (Ex: Nandyal)	15°28′ N	42°84′ N	78°28′ E	59°13′ E

Question 22.
Observe the following pictures and fill the boxes with the name of the shaded hemispheres.

Answer:

Project Work

Draw a diagram of the globe showing the earth’s axis, the Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

(Textbook Page No. 17)

Question 1.
Take a big round apple. Pierce a cycle spoke through it. The spoke resembles the axis shown in a globe. You can now move the apple around this axis from left to right.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Think and Respond

(Textbook Page No. 16)

Question 1.
How does the earth rotate and revolve without any needle, unlike the Globe? Discuss with the teacher.
Answer:
Our Solar System formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a huge cloud of gas and dust started to collapse under its own gravity. As the cloud collapsed, it started to spin. The Solar system is made up of the Sun and everything that orbits around it includes the planets and their moons as well as numerous asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. Without any unbalanced forces acting on them, the tremendous gravity of the Sun and the planets have kept them rotating for billions of years. Either the Earth or any other planet does not have any needle to rotate or to revolve.

Question 2.
All the celestial bodies are round in shape. Why?
Answer:
A planet is round because of its gravity. Gravity pulls from the center to the edges like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. This makes the overall shape of a planet a sphere, which is a three-dimensional circle.

(Textbook Page No. 17)

Question 3.
In which hemisphere is India located?
Answer:
India is located within both the Northern and Eastern hemispheres.

Question 4.
Which hemisphere has the maximum number of continents?
Answer:
Northern Hemisphere has the maximum number of continents.

Question 5.
In which hemisphere is the continent Antarctica located?
Answer:
Antarctica is located in the Southern hemisphere.

(Textbook Page No. 17)

Question 6.
Complete the table with the help of a world map, globe, or internet.

Answer:

Name the Continents in the Northern Hemisphere	Name the Continents in the Southern Hemisphere	Name the Continents that are spread over Southern and Northern Hemispheres
Europe North America	Australia Antarctica	Africa Asia South America
Name the Continents in the Northern Hemisphere	Name the Continents in the Southern Hemisphere	Name the Continents that are spread over Southern and Northern Hemispheres
Arctic Ocean	Southern Ocean	Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean

Question 7.
Why do latitudes get smaller towards the pole? Which latitude is the biggest circle?
Answer:
The equator is the largest circle and divides the globe into two equal halves. So it is at the center of the Earth. Circles of latitude are all great circles with the center of Earth in the middle. The circles of latitude get smaller as the distance from the Equator increases. So the latitudes get smaller towards the poles. The Equator is the biggest latitude.

(Textbook Page No. 18)

Question 8.
Fill in the table with the help of a globe/map.

Latitude	Value in degrees
North Pole
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator	0°
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
South Pole

Answer:

(Textbook Page No. 20)

Question 9.
Identify and write down the Latitude and Longitude between the extents of the given Andhra Pradesh map. You can take the help of Atlas.

Answer:
Andhra Pradesh Latitude: 12°41’ N to – 19°07′ N
Longitude : 77° – 84°40′ E.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food Textbook Questions and Answers

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Fill in the Blanks.

1. The butterfly uses ——– to suck honey from flowers.
Answer:
Proboscis.
2. Tiger is a ——– because it eats only meat.
Answer:
carnivore.
3. Decomposers are also called ——–
Answer:
Recyclers.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The source of energy for a food chain is
A) Producers
B) Consumers
C) Sun
D) Decomposers
Answer:
C) Sun

2. Identify the omnivore from the following.
A) Lion
B) Cow
C) Dog
D) Tiger
Answer:
C) Dog

3. At which position of the food chain would you place a human being
A) Primary consumer
B) Secondary consumer
C) Tertiary consumer
D) All the above
Answer:
C) Tertiary consumer

Answer the Following Questions.

1. List some animals in your surroundings which have the same kind of food habit.
Answer:

• Cow, buffalo, goat and sheep have some kind of food habit as an herbivore depend upon the plants for food.
• Dog and cat depend upon meat, milk and curd.

2. Compare the legs and nails of a dog and hen and say why they are different?
Answer:

Dog	Hen
1. Legs of dog is longer and has four legs.	1. Legs of hen is shorter and has 2 legs.
2. The legs are muscular and strongly jointed.	2. The legs are thin them dog’s leg.
3. It has hard and slight curved nails.	3. It has thin, sharp and slightly elongated nails.
4. It uses its legs to run and catch the prey.	4. It uses legs to dig the ground to find food.
5. The nails are used for tearing the flesh.	5. Nails are useful for scratching the soil to pick up worms.

3. Name some animals which use tongue as a tool for taking in food.
Answer:
Frogs, lizards, garden lizard, chameleon, echidna use tongue as a tool for taking in food.

4. Identify which of the following statements are wrong and give reasons.
(a) All the animals living in water feed only on plants.
(b) Elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.
(c) Birds’ beaks are designed to suit their food habits.
(d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting.
(e) Most of the food chains end with herbivores.
Answer:
a) All the animals living in water feed only on plants.

• This statement is wrong. There are many animals living in water which eat animals.
  Ex: A blue whale in the sea eats tiny animals called krill.

b) Elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.

• This statement is correct as elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.

c) Bird’s beaks are designed to their food habits.

• This statement is correct as bird’s beaks are designed to their food habits.

d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting.

• This statement is correct.
• Sharp claws of some animals meant for tearing the flesh of prey. And also help to increase traction to run faster as in the case of cheetah.
• In some animals claws help holding the grip for running while hunting.
• In the hen the claws are helpful to scratch the soil to find worms.

e) Most of the food chains end with herbivores.

• This statement is wrong.
• The food chain starts with herbivores and ends with carnivores which are wild.

5. Write the importance of the food chain.
Answer:

• The food chain shows how energy is transferred from one living organism to another organism.
• It describes energy and nutrients move through an ecosystem.
•  It shows the relationship between producers and consumers.
• It explains the interdependence of diverse organisms in nature.

6. Arrange the following in a correct sequence and form a food chain
1. Rabbit → Carrot → Eagle → Snake
2. Human → Insect → Algae → Fish
Answer:
1. Carrot → Rabbit → Snake → Eagle
2. Algae → Insect → Fish → Human

7. If you want to understand more about food chain what questions would you like to ask?
Answer:

• What is food chain?
• How does animals and plants dependent on one another?
• How does energy flow with in an ecosystem?
• Is there any relation of food habits of animals with that of living ecosystem?
• How the nature balances the ecosystem?
• Why the food chain always starts with plants?

8. What happens if there are no decomposers on the earth?
Answer:

• Bacteria and fungi are get energy by breakdown of dead plants and animals. So, they are called decomposers.
• They help in the cycling of materials in the environment.
• If there were no decomposers the dead and waste materials remains on earth.
• The nutrients would not be replenished.
• Natural enrichment of the soil cannot takes place.
• Because of the dead organisms remain on earth, the existence of life on earth would have been impossible.

9. Draw a food chain of your choice.
Answer:

10. How can you appreciate the role of producers in a food chain?
Answer:

• Plants are known as producers, as they make their own food.
• Plants are the only organisms which provide food for all organisms in an ecosystem.
• In an ecosystem, Producers are at base of entire food chain.
• Plants not only provide the food but also oxygen to the earth.
• Plants are the precious things to continue the life on earth.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Go to a nearby pond where cranes are usually seen. Observe how they catch fish. Write about the process of catching fish. (Take care of yourself when you are near water places.)
Answer:

• The crane usually has been seen in lakes and the fishes are food for that.
• The long thin legs that it has helps it to move in the water without disturbing the water.
• While catching the fish it tries to move very slowly.
• So that the fishes don’t know its presence it also can stand still for a long time for hunting of fishes.
• Crane used to catch the fish with the help of their long beak.

Question 2.
Collect one or two earthworms and put them in a bottle containing wet soil. Close it with a lid that has holes. Observe how earthworms get their food. Record your observations.
Answer:
Aim: To observe the eating activity of earthworms in the wet soil.
What we want: Two earthworms, one glass bottle, wet soil.
What to do: Take a glass bottle and fill it with some wet soil.

• Now kept the two earthworms in the soil filled bottle.
• Observe them for sometime.

What do we see: We observed that the earthworms are started swallowing soil in, little quantities.
What we learned: With the above observations we concluded that the earthworms are feed on moist soil which contains nutrients.

Question 3.
Fill up the following table

Body part used to collect food	Examples
Beak	Hens,…
Tongue
Teeth
Sucker
Strong legs with claws

Answer:

Body part used to collect food	Examples
Beak	Hens, crane, parrot, eagle, humming bird.
Tongue	Lizard, frog, snake, garden lizard, chameleon, dog.
Teeth	Cat, dog, tiger, lion.
Sucker	Leech.
Strong legs with claws	Tiger, lion, dog.

Question 4.
Make your own food chain and display it in your classroom.
Answer:
Plant → Caterpillar → Chameleon → Snake → Mangoose
(This food chain can make with diagrams of those animals) (Student Activity)

Question 5.
Prepare a scrapbook of animals and separate them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores.
Answer:
Students can collect the pictures of different animals and after dividing them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores they can be pasted under these heads separately in the scrapbook. (Student Activity)

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food Activities

Activity – 1

Some animals are listed in the given Table -1. For some the animals, the type of food they eat is also given. Fill the blanks in Table.

Name of the animal	Food the animal eats
Buffallo	Grass, oil cake, hay, grains
Cat	Small animals, Birds, Milk
Rat
Lion
Tiger
Spider
House Lizard
Cow
Human Beings
Butterfly
Crow
Others

Answer:

Name of the animal	Food the animal eats
Buffallo	Grass, oil cake, hay, grains
Cat	Small animals, Birds, Milk
Rat	Seeds, insects, small animals
Lion	Deer, jiraffee, fox etc.
Tiger	Other animals
Spider	Beetles, flies
House lizard	Worms, insects
Cow	Grass, oil cake, hay, grains.
Homan beings	Rice, eggs, milk, meat etc.
Butterfly	Nectar
Crow	Small animals, insects

Answer the following questions based on the table.
i) List the animals that depend only on plants and their products for food.
Answer:
Buffalo, cow, butterfly.

ii) List the animals that depend only on animals and their products for food.
Answer:
Cat, lion, tiger, house lizard, spider.

iii) List the animals that depend on both plants and animals for food.
Answer:
Rat, cow, crow and human beings.

Activity – 2

2. Write the parts of the body animals that are used to collect or capture food in the given table.

S. No.	Animal	Sense used in tracking food	Body parts-used in taking food
1.	Dog	Smell	Sharp teeth, Tongue
2.	Cow
3.	Hen		Beak
4.	Frog
5.	Snake
6.	Bat
7.	Lizard
8.	Vulture
9	Lion		Legs, Claws, Mouth ….
10.	Humming Bird

Answer:

S. No.	Animal	Sense used in tracking food	Body parts used in taking food
1.	Dog	Smell	Sharp teeth, tongue
2.	Cow	Smell, vision	Mouth, tongue
3.	Hen	Vision	Beak, claws
4.	Frog	Touch	Tongue
5.	Snake	Taste, Smell	Mouth, teeth
6.	Bat	Hearing	Mouth, tongue
7.	Lizard	Vision, hearing	Mouth, tongue
8.	Vulture	Vision, smell	Beak, claws
9.	Lion	Vision, hearing	Legs, claws, mouth
10.	Humming bird	Smell, taste	Beak

Answer the following questions based on the above table.
i) Do all the animals use similar parts in taking in food?
Answer:

• No. All animals do not use similar parts in taking in food.
• Ex: Cow and lizard uses mouth and tongue, whereas hen and humming bird uses beak taking in food.

ii) Name some animals which use similar parts in taking in food?
Answer:
The animals that use some parts for taking food are

1. Hen, humming bird, vulture use their beak to get food.
2. Cat and dog – use their sharp teeth to tear the food in pieces.
3. Lizard and frog – use their tdngue to capture the food.
4. Lion and tiger – uses their strong legs to run for chasing the animal, sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear flesh.

iii) Compare the parts of dog to that of frog. Note down the similarities as well as differences observed by you.
Answer:
Dog uses smell sense to trick the food whereas frog have a smell organ in the roof of their mouth called the jacobsons organ. This detects food.

• Dog and frog both use the tongue in taking food.
• The dog uses its teeth and nails in capturing the food, while frog uses its sticky tongue to capture the food and swallows it.

iv) Compare the parts of hen and sparrow in eating food. Note down the similarities as well as differences you observed.
Answer:
Similarites:

• Hen and sparrow use their beaks to take the food in.
• Both are finding out their food by using the vision, as a sense.
• Hen and sparrow both feeds on grains, worms and insects.

Difference:

• Hen uses its claws to scratch the soil to find out worms whereas sparrows feed on the insects / worms which are present on plants.

v) What are the similarities between a dog and a lion in the parts involved in taking in food?
Answer:

• The dog licks with its tongue and runs fast.
• The lion hunts the other animals. It uses strong legs to run sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear the flesh.
• The claws of the lion are also sharp to hold the animal.
• Dog also uses its teeth and nails in capturing its food.

vi) What are the similarities and differences between a vulture and a lion in their mode of taking in food?
Answer:

• Both lion and vulture are carnivores.
• They both have sharp vision and use their sharp claws to tear the flesh.
• Lion hunts animals staying on land.
• Vulture hunts its food by flying high in the sky.

Activity – 3

3. Look at the picture. Different birds have different beaks. Do you know why they are different?

Answer:
The beaks are different because the birds eat different kinds of food.

• So, the type of beaks depends upon their habitat, environment and food habits also.
• The beaks of birds are help to them to kill the prey, to fight, to get food and feeding their young ones. Based on their food habit the birds have different types of beaks such as strong hooked beak, hooked beak, long beak, long thin beak etc.

Activity – 4

4. i) Observe how a lizard catches its food. Write down your observations.
Answer:

• Lizard uses its visionary sense to track the food.
• Lizard concentrates its attention on the movements of the insect.
• Lizard moves so fast towards the insect.
• It catches the insect by using tongue and eats it.

ii) Find out the differences between a frog and a lizard’s way of taking in food.
Answer:

Frog	Lizard
1. Frog is carnivore as it feed on insects and worms.	1. Lizard is insectivore in nature as it feed on insects.
2. Frog senses the food through a social organ called jacobsons organ in the roof of their mouth-	2. Lizard uses its visionary sense to track the food.
3. Frog throws its sticky tongue towards an insect. The insect stuck to the tongue. Then the frog swallows it.	3. Lizard moves so fast towards the insect, and catches the insect with the tongue and eats it.

iii) How do these animals (Frog, lizard) use their tongue?
Answer:
These animals (Frog, lizard) use their tongue to capture the food.

Activity – 5

5. Observe a cow/buffalo while eating its food. Write your observations in your notebook by following the given questions.

i) How does a cow find its food?
Answer:
Cow finds its food by using the sense of smell.

ii) Note the parts of the body involved in it?
Answer:
Mouth and tongue are involved to take the food in.

iii) What mouthparts of the cow are involved in eating its food?
Answer:

• The cow uses its tongue to grasp a clump of grass.
• Teeth help to shred the grass into small pieces.

iv) Do cows have teeth? Do they have teeth on both jaws?
Answer:
Yes. Cows have teeth on both jaws. But don’t have top front teeth.

v) In what way can you justify it is herbivore?
Answer:

• Cow depends only on plant and plant products for food.
• They eat different parts of plants like green/dry grass, leaves, branches arid fruits.
• So that, we can say cow is herbivore.

vi) You may have observed cows and buffaloes sitting under the trees and moving their jaws. Do you know why they do that?
Answer:

• Cow and buffalo chew food very quickly, swallow and store it in a part of their stomach.
• After some time, they back the food material from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again leisurely.

Activity – 6

6. Observe a dog in your surroundings. How does it get its food? Write your observations by following the given questions.

i) What does it do to find food?
Answer:
The dog finds its food by smelling. Dog’s nose is a thousand times more sensitive than ours.

ii) Which parts are involved in taking in food?
Answer:
The mouth and tongue are involved in taking in food.

iii) How does a dog eat meat?
Answer:

• The dog catches another animal with its legs.
• It tears the meat using its sharp teeth.
• It eats the meat and chews it with the help of teeth and uses its tongue to swallow it.

iv) How does a dog drink water?
Answer:
The dog licks water with its tongue and drinks it.

v) Is there any difference in using its tongue when compared with a frog or a cow? Write in the space provided below.

Animal	Use of tongue
Frog
Cow
Dog

Answer:

Animal	Use of tongue
Frog	To catch the food
Cow	To swallow grass
Dog	To lick water

Activity – 7

7. Observe the picture and answer the following questions.

i) What is the source of energy in a food chain?
Answer:
Sunlight is the source of energy in a food chain.

ii) How does grasshopper get its energy?
Answer:

• In a food chain grasshopper is a primary consumer so that it depends on grass for food.
• Then grasshopper gets its energy by eating grass.

iii) What happens to the crow if the frog was removed from this food chain?
Answer:

• In this food chain frog is a secondary consumer as its feed on grasshopper.
• If the frog was removed in this food chain, the grasshopper population will be increased.
• In this food chain crow is a tertiary consumer as its feed on frogs.
• If the frog was removed from this food chain, the crows will go hungry and their population will be decreased.

iv) What is the role of mushrooms in the given picture?
Answer:

• Mushroom is a decomposer.
• Mushroom get it energy by the breakdown of dead matter.
• It helps in the cycling of materials in between producers, consumers and to the soil.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called ——–.
Answer:
Magnetic material.
2. Paper is not a ——– material.
Answer:
magnetic
3. In the olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of ——–.
Answer:
natural magnet with thread.
4. A magnet always has ——– poles.
Answer:
two

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of the following object is attracted by magnet?
A) wooden piece
B) plain pins
C) eraser
D) a piece of paper
Answer:
B) plain pins

2. A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in the direction
A) North – East
B) South – West
C) East-West
D) North-South
Answer:
D) North-South

3. Magnets lose their properties when they are
A) used
B) stored
C) heated
D) cleaned
Answer:
C) heated

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
List the magnetic and non-magnetic materials in your classroom.
Answer:

S.No.	Material	Magnetic / Non-magnetic
1.	Wooden benches	Non-magnetic
2.	Two iron benches	Magnetic
‘3.	Teacher’s wooden chair	Non-magnetic
4.	Teacher’s wooden table	Non-magnetic
5.	Wooden blackboard	Non-magnetic
6.	Metal box attached to the blackboard for putting chalk pieces	Magnetic
7.	Plastic dust bin	Non-magnetic
8.	Nail in the wall for hanging maps	Magnetic

Question 2.
If you have two similar bars, one a magnet and another a piece of iron. Can you find out which one of these is a magnet? Explain the process.
Answer:

1. We will take a bar magnet. We have to identify two identical bars A and B. One as a magnet and the other as a simple bar.
2. To identify, we have to bring our magnet to both the ends of bars A and B one after another.
3. It is easy to locate the magnet. It attracts the bar magnet when pointed to its one end and repels if pointed to the other end.
4. The iron bar will be attracted by the magnet in both situations.

Question 3.
The teacher said that the Earth is a magnet. But Sreevidya has some doubts and she asked her teacher some questions. What may be the questions?
Answer:

1. Is there any big magnet present inside the Earth?
2. Who has put that magnet inside the Earth?
3. Where are the South and North poles of Earth’s magnet?
4. How is this magnet inside the earth discovered?
5. Is the magnet inside the earth there from the time of formation of the earth?
   Such questions are likely to be asked by Sreevidya.

Question 4.
Does the Earth behave as a magnet? How do you prove it?
Answer:

1. A bar magnet is placed on the table.
2. Another bar magnet is suspended very close to the first one kept on the table.
3. It is observed that the N – pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the S – pole of the magnet placed on the table.
   
4. The S – pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the N – pole of the bar magnet kept on the table.
5. Later the first bar magnet is removed from the table.
6. Now the suspended bar magnet aligns itself in the North-South directions of the earth.
7. This is because the earth influenced the Suspended bar magnet as the first magnet done.
8. With this, it is evident that the earth behaves as a magnet.

Question 5.
Predict which of the following materials are magnetic and non-magnetic. Test with a bar magnet and check your predictions. What do you say after testing all materials? Plastic, Iron, Stainless steel, Wood, Aluminum, Gold, Silver, Copper, Paper, Cloth.
Answer:
My predictions and tests are recorded in the table given below.

S.No.	Material	Prediction	Test with a bar magnet
1.	Plastic	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
2.	Iron	Magnetic	Magnetic
3.	Stainless steel	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
4.	Wood	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
5.	Aluminium	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
6.	Gold	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
7.	Silver	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
8.	Copper	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
9.	Paper	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
10.	Cloth	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic

Question 6.
Draw a bar magnet and locate the poles.
Answer:

Question 7.
Surya was wonderstruck to know that Earth is a big magnet and appreciated the efforts of scientists to discover this. Do you notice any such things in magnets to appreciate? Explain.
Answer:
I found the following things in magnets to appreciate.

1. Every magnet has two poles. If we break a magnet into two pieces, each piece develops two poles and act as individual magnets.
2. A freely suspended magnet always rests in the north-south direction. This helps in identifying the directions in new places.
3. Iron nail kept near magnet act as magnet due to magnetic induction.
4. Magnetic levitation helps to run electro-magnetic trains.
5. The attraction property of magnets helps in the separation of magnetic materials from their mixtures.
6. Electrical cranes are used to lift the huge weight of magnetic materials using this attraction property.
7. Magnets are useful in various equipment such as motors, speakers, etc.

Question 8.
Mention some situations where you use magnets in your day-to-day life?
Answer:
A magnet finds its use at a number of places.

S.No.	Uses	S.No.	Uses
1.	Refrigerator doors	6.	Pin stand
2.	Some pencil boxes	7.	Fans
3.	Many toys	8.	Automobile dynamos
4.	Magnetic stickers	9.	Loud speaker
5.	Soap stand	10.	Microphones

In addition, magnets are used in audio and videotapes and computer hard disks to store information. Magnets are also used for magnetotherapy.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 69

Question 1.
Think and say, in which directions your house is facing? Use the compass and find out the exact direction of your house and compare it with your prediction. Similarly predict and find out in which direction you keep your head while sleeping at night, the directions you face while you are reading, eating etc.
Answer:

1. I felt my house is facing towards east.
2. By using compass I found that it is very slightly towards north east.
3. I predicted that I keep my head towards east while sleeping but found it is also very slightly towards north east.
4. I predicted that I face towards east while reading and eating also. But I found it also same as above.

Question 2.
Prepare a toy using magnets and write the procedure of preparation briefly.
Answer:

1. Secure a plastic toy car. Fix a small bar magnet in it by using tape.
2. Now, keep the car on a table and hold it in your hand.
3. Keep the N-pole of the magnet facing the S-pole of the magnet in the toy car.
4. The car moves forward as your gradually draw the magnet in your hand backwards. (∵ unlike poles of magnets attract each other)

Question 3.
Think and say where the poles will be located in a ring magnet? Try to find out its poles using a bar magnet and check your prediction.
Answer:
Prediction: Magnetic poles are located on the upper and lower surfaces of a ring magnet.
Check:

1. When I bring south pole of a bar magnet near the upper surface of the ring magnet they repel each other indicating that the upper surface of the ring magnet is its south pole.
2. When I bring south pole of a bar magnet near the lower surface of the ring magnet they attract each other indicating that the lower surface of the ring magnet is its north pole.
3. But I came to know from my teacher that there are three possibilities of having poles position basing on their mode of preparation.
   i) Upper & lower surfaces( Axial)
   
   ii) Parallel to the Height ( side by side )( Diametral)
   
   iii) Inner and outer surfaces. (Radial)
   

Question 4.
Magnetize a needle using a bar magnet. Make a compass with that needle by following the process explained in activity.
Answer:

1. Take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near to sharp edge of needle.
2. Move the bar magnet along the length of the needle till we reach the other end.
3. Then the bar magnet is lifted from the other end and brought to the same pole of the bar magnet.
4. On repeating the process for at least 20 to 30 times the needle will became magnetized.
   
5. Tape the magnetized needle to a light cork.
6. Float the cork in a glass of soap water as shown in fig.
7. The needle points in North-South direction. Thus it acts as a magnetic compass.

Question 5.
Kiran wants to prepare a toy using some magnets to make people understand the slogan “Reject bad food and accept only good food”. Can you help him to prepare the toy? If yes, how?
Answer:

1. The toy can be prepared like this.
2. Take a plate. Put good food on one side and bad food on the opposite side in the plate and label accordingly.
3. A magnet is attached at the bottom of this plate with its N-pole pointing towards good food and S-pole pointing towards bad food.
4. A magnet is fitted in the bottom of a duck where its S-pole points towards the mouth and N-pole points towards the tail of the duck.
5. When good food portion of the plate is brought closer to the duck, the duck placed in a tub of water moves towards the plate because unlike poles of the magnets attract each other.
6. When the bad food portion of the plate is brought closer to the duck, the duck moves away because like poles of the two magnets repel each other.
   

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets Activities

Activity – 1

1. Take a steel glass. Put a magnet in it. Take a needle through which thread is passed. Press the thread with a finger near the eye of the needle as shown in figure 2 and raise the glass upward slowly. (Page No. 60)

i) What happens?
Answer:
The needle stand vertically up without touching the glass.

ii) Does the needle stand vertically up without touching the glass? Why does this happen?
Answer:
Yes. This is because the magnet in the glass is attracting the needle.

Activity – 2

Finding Materials attracted by Magnets. (Page No. 61)

2. Take a bar magnet, nail, jump-clip, plastic scale, a piece of glass, key, paper, iron bolt, pen, blade, pencil, knife, stainless steel spoon, piece of chalk, wood, and touch the magnet to each item. Does the magnet attract every object? Observe and record your observations duly mentioning the name of the material of which the object is made in the table.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the object	Material of which the object is made	Attracted by Magnet (Yes / No)
1.	Jump clip	Iron	Yes
2.	Scale	Plastic	No
3.	Nail	Iron	Yes
4.	A piece of glass	Glass	No
5.	Key	Iron	Yes
6.	Paper	Paper	No
7.	Iron bolt	Iron	Yes
8.	Pen	Plastic	No
9.	Blade	Iron	Yes
10.	Pencil	Wood	No
11.	Knife	Iron	Yes
12.	Stainless steel spoon	Alloy	No
13.	Piece of chalk	Mineral of Calcium	No
14.	Wood	Wood	No

i) Which materials are attracted by a magnet?
Answer:
Nail, jump-clip, key, iron bolt, blade, knife.

ii) Which materials are not attracted by a magnet?
Answer:
Plastic scale, a piece of glass, paper, pen, pencil, stainless steel spoon, piece of chalk, wood.

iii) Give your own examples for magnetic materials.
Answer:
Iron, cobalt, nickel.

iv) Give your own examples for non-magnetic materials.
Answer:
Gold, Silver, Copper, wood, paper, plastic.

Activity – 3

3. Spread some iron fillings uniformly on a sheet of paper. Place a bar magnet below this sheet. (Page No. 62)

i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe that the uniformly spread iron filings come close and get concentrate at two points of the paper sheet. At some distance, I found some scattered iron filings between these two points.

ii) Does the property of attracting iron filings remain the same for all parts of a bar magnet?
Answer:
No. the ends of the bar magnet attract more iron filings than the middle part of the magnet.

iii) Do you observe any change in the pattern of iron filings spread over the sheet?
Answer:
Yes, uniformly spread iron filings changed their pattern and concentrated more at endpoints of the bar magnet. Scattered iron filings between these two points are somehow in some lines from one point to other.

Activity – 4

4. Attraction and Repulsion between Two Magnets. Take two similar magnets, place them in four different ways as shown in Figure, and record your observations. (Page No. 63)

i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe that magnets not only attracts but also repel each other

ii) When do the magnets attract each other?
Answer:
In the first two situations, they attract each other. That means when unlike poles come close to each other they attract.

iii) When do the magnets repel each other?
Answer:
In the last two situations, they repel each other. That means when like poles come close to each other they repels.

Activity – 5

Finding directions with a bar magnet. (Page No. 63)

5. Suspend the bar magnet freely with the help of a thread tied around its center as shown in figure.

i) Does the magnet remain stationary?
Answer:
After some time it becomes stationary.

ii) Wait for some time. What do you find now?
Answer:
I found that the magnet rests in a north-south direction.
You will notice that the magnet finally takes a position in the North-South direction. Mark the endpoints towards the North with some color. Now disturb the magnet and again wait for some time.

iii) Where does the colored portion come to rest?
Answer:
The colored portion comes to rest towards the north.

iv) Repeat this experiment at another place. What do you observe?
Answer:
I observed that the magnets always come to rest in the North-South direction.

Activity – 6

Making Magnet (Page No. 64)

6. Aim: To make a magnet
What do you need? (Materials required): Iron nail/ piece of iron. Bar magnet, pin/ iron fillings.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Take a nail /a piece of Iron and place it on a table.
2. 
3. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near one edge of the nail / piece of iron and rub from one end to another end without changing the direction of the pole of the magnet.
4. Repeat the process for 30 to 40 times.
5. Bring a pin or some iron filings near the nail / piece of iron to check whether if has become a magnet.

What do you see?(Observation): The nail/ piece of iron attract the pin / iron filings. What do you learn? (Result): Iron nail,/ piece become a magnet.

Activity – 7

Making your own Magnetic Compass. (Page No. 65)

7. Aim: To make a magnetic compass
What you need? (Materials required: magnetized needle, tape, water, detergent.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Take a magnetized needle.
2. Attach the needle with a tape to a light cork.
3. Float the cork in a glass of water.
4. Add a little detergent to the water to help the cork float freely.

What do you see? (Observation): The magnetized needle points in North- South direction.
What do you learn? (Result): This acts as a magnetic compass.

Activity – 8

Magnetic Induction (Page No. 65)

8. Aim: To observe and understand magnetic induction.
What you need? (Materials required): safety pin, alpin, bar magnet
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Take a safety pin and bring it close to an alpin.
2. Bring the safety pin close to one pole of a bar magnet and see how it gets attached to the magnet.
3. Now bring an alpin and touch it to the safety pin.

What do you see?(Observation):

1. Safety pin does not attract the Alpin when it is not in contact with magnet.
2. But when it is in contact with a magnet it attracts the alpin.
3. From the above two cases, we notice that the safety pin acts as a magnet when it is in contact with another magnet.

What do you learn? (Result): Magnetic property is induced in the safety pin due to the bar magnet. The magnetic property possessed by a magnetic substance due to the presence of a magnet near it, is called magnetic induction.

Activity – 9

9. Finding out whether the given object is a magnet or not. (Page No. 66)
You have been given three objects of the same size, shape and colour and a bar magnet. You have to decide which one among them is a magnet, which is not a magnet but made up of magnetic material or a non-magnetic material Bring three objects one after the other close to one pole of the bar magnet and observe whether they get attracted, repelled or not attracted. Record your observation in table 2. After that bring those objects close to the other pole of the bar magnet in the same way and record your observations.

Answer:

If an object is attracted by one pole of the bar magnet and repelled by its other pole, then it is a magnet. So object -1 is magnet.
If an object is attracted by both the poles of a bar magnet and not repelled by any pole, then it is not a magnet but a magnetic substance. So object -2 is made up of magnetic material.
If an object is neither attracted by a magnet nor repelled by it, then it is a non-magnetic substance. So object – 3 is made up of non- magnetic material.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Tap root system is present in ——– plants.
Answer:
dicot.
2. The bud at the tip of the stem is known as ——–.
Answer:
terminal bud.
3. Part of the leaf that helps in the exchange of gases is ——–.
Answer:
stomata.
4. Primary organs of photosynthesis are ——–
Answer:
Leaves.

Choose the correct Answer.

1. The important function of stomata is
A) Conduction
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Absorption
Answer:
B) Transpiration

2. Part of plant that helps in absorption of water and minerals
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Flower
Answer:
A) Root

3. Part of the stem from where leaves arise is called
A) Node
B) Bud
C) Cotyledon
D) Internodes
Answer:
A) Node

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What are the important parts of a plant?
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are: a) Roots, b) Stem, c) Leaves, e) Flower and e) Fruit.

Question 2.
How does the stem help the plant?
Answer:
The stem of a plant,

• supports the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• transports water and minerals from roots to upper aerial parts of the plant.
• transports food from leaves to other parts.
• in some plants, it stores the food so that they are known as the modified stem.
  Ex. Potato, turmeric, ginger, garlic and sugarcane.

Question 3.
What is the relation between the type of root system and venation?
Answer:
The relation between the type of root system and leaf venation is,
a) The plants having tap root system has reticulate venation.
b) The plants having a fibrous root system has parallel venation.

Question 4.
Rajani said “Respiration takes place in leaves” she correct? How can you support this statement?
Answer:

1. What Rajani said is correct.
2. The leaves of plants have tiny pores on their surface, which are called stomata.
3. Stomata acts like a nose to the leaf.
4. So that exchange of gases in the leaves takes place through stomata during respiration.

Question 5.
What will happen if a plant does not have any leaves?
Answer:

• Leaves are the sites of photosynthesis for the preparation of food.
• Gaseous exchange in plants takes place through leaves by the process of respiration.
• Excess of water in the plant is removed in the form of vapours through the leaf surface.
• If the plant does not have any leaves it will not able to make its own food and cannot perform the functions of respiration and transpiration.
• Stem can perform these functions in those plants that does not have leaves.

Question 6.
How can you show that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do:

• Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.
• Now place a carrot in the glass.
• Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
• Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

Question 7.
Explain the various parts of a plant with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are:
a) root b) stem c) leaf d) flower e) fruit
a) Root: The underground part of the main axis of the plant is the root.

• Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

b) Stem: The aerial part of the plant above the ground is the stem.

• It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• It transports water, minerals and nutrients to the various parts.

c) Leaf: The flat, green portion of a plant that arises from a node is a leaf.

• It helps in photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.

d) Flower: The bright and beautiful part of the plant.

• It is a reproductive part of a plant.

e) Fruit: It is an edible part of a plant that contains seeds.

• It developed from the flower.

Question 8.
Explain the parts of a leaf with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The main part of a leaf is,
a) Leaf base b) Petiole c) Lamina d) Midrib e) Veins
a) Leaf base: Lower part of the leaf that joins the leaf to the stem near the node.
b) Petiole: A stalk-like/structure that connects leaf to the stem of the plant.
c) Lamina: The thin, flat, green portion of the leaf is lamina.
d) Midrib: The long vein that present in the middle of the lamina.
e) Veins: The branches arising from the midrib and spread over all the lamina.

Question 9.
John has no sufficient place around his house to grow plants. But he wants to grow vegetables like tomato or brinjal. Suggest him some ways to grow plants.
Answer:
Terrace garden, Kitchen garden, Vertical garden are some methods for growing the plants in limited space.
a) Terrace garden: It is a simple garden growing on the terrace. In this process, we use water bottles, plant pots and other waste vessels to grow the plants.
b) Kitchen garden: A garden in which plants for use in the kitchen are cultivated.
c) Vertical garden: A garden in which the plants are supported to grow vertical, especially fences, posts, walls rather than along the ground.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Collect any plant from your surroundings. Draw its root structure. What can you say about its root system?
Answer:

• The root system collected in the plant exhibit tap root system.
• In this plant, the main root is thick and grows straight down into the ground is Tap root.
• And the smaller roots arising from the tap root are Lateral roots.
• The root system helps the plant to penetrate into deep layers of the soil.

(OR)

• The root system collected in the plant exhibit tuberous root system.
• In this plant all roots are thin and uniform in size.
• This root system consists of a cluster of roots arising from the base of the stem.
• The root system helps the plant to hold the soil firmly and prevent soil erosion.

Question 2.
Collect the leaves of various plants and prepare a herbarium. Write a brief report on their shapes size and venation.
Answer:
Students collect different shapes and sizes of leaves.

• A Herbarium is a store house of plant specimens which are collected, dried and mounted on paper sheets.
• There are different shapes such as linear, elongated elliptical etc.
• The collected leaves showing reticulate venation and parallel venation in some plants.

Question 3.
Prepare a greeting card with dry leaves.
Answer:
The student can prepare this in a way of his choice. (Student Activity)

Question 4.
Observe a plant that has healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers. Write your feelings about the plant in your note book.
Answer:

• When we see a plant with healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers, we wonder at the glance of such point.
• The green colour of the leaves gives us good scenery and good visibility.
• Green colour is pleasant to our eyes so that it is quite healthy for our eyes.
• On seeing the healthy plant, our mind gets refreshed and tries to forget all the worries.
• The colour and beauty of the flowers makes us relax and its fragrance gives us aroma.

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Activities

Activity – 1

1. Collect 5 or 6 different types of plants from your garden.    (Page No. 13)
a) Observe the collected plants and try to identify their parts. Take the help of fig. 1 in your text book and write your observations in Table given Let us discuss the following questions.

Answer:

Sl.No.	Name of the plant	Root Yes/No	Stem Yes/No	Leaves Yes/No	Flower Yes/No
1.	Rice	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2.	Tulasi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3.	Mango	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4.	Rose	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5.	Neem	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

i) Did you find any plant which does not have roots?
Answer:
No. I don’t find any plant without roots.
ii) Are the leaves of all plants similar in size?
Answer:
No. The leaves of all the plants are not in similar in size.
iii) Is there any plant without flowers?
Answer:
Ferns, mosses and liverworts are non flowering plants.
iv) What are the common parts that you observe in all plants?
Answer:
Roots, stem, leaves and flowers are the common parts that I observed in all plants.
v) Observe the roots of the plants you collected. How are they?
Answer:
They are not alike.
vi) Do all plants have a similar type of root?
Answer:
No, they have different roots.
vii) Is there any difference?
Answer:
Yes, we can observe the differences some plants have tap root system and some have fibrous

b) Compare the roots of your sample plants with pictures fig 2 and fig 3 and write your observations in table and answer the following questions.

S.No.	Name of the plant	Type of root system
1.	Tridax plant
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the plant	Type of root system
1.	Tridax plant	Tap root system
2.	Rice	Fibrous root system
3.	Tulasi	Tap root system
4.	Mango	Tap root system
5.	Rose	Tap root system
6.	Neem	Tap root system

i) In the tap root system, how does the middle root look like?
Answer:
Middle main root become thick and has thin rootlets.
ii) Compare the middle root with the remaining roots in the tap root system?
Answer:
The middle root is thick and known as Tap root, and the remaining rootlets are thin and known as Lateral roots.
iii) Do you find any such main root in fibrous root system? How are the roots of this plant?
Answer:
No. There is no main root in fibrous root system. Here all roots are similar in size.
iv) Do you find any other differences between tap root system and fibrous root system?
Taproot system consists of Taproot and Lateral roots in different sizes whereas in fibrous root system all roots are thin and uniform in size.

Activity – 2

2. Write an activity to identify an emerging point that belong to either monocot or dicot in your science lab.  (Page No. 14)
Answer:
Aim: To observe the cotyledons of bean seeds and finger millets comparatively with their root systems.
What you need: Two paper cups, soil, bean seeds, finger millet seeds, water.
What to do?:

• Take two paper cups and fill them with fertile soil.
• Sow 2 or 3 bean seeds in a cup and few finger millets in another cup.
• Sprinkle water over them.
• After a couple of days, we will see the sprouts.
• Observe the newly emerging leaves of that sprouts.
• Take out the plants out of the soil carefully and observe their roots.

What do you see: Two leaves are emerged from the bean seed and only one leaf emerged from the finger millet seedlings. These are the cotyledons.

• Bean has two cotyledons so it is a dicot plant.
• Finger millet has one cotyledon so it is a monocot plant.
• Bean plant has tap root system whereas finger millet has fibrous root system.

What do you learn:

• Dicot plants have tap root system whereas monocot plants have fibrous System.
• So that there is a relation between the cotyledons and the root system.

Activity – 3

Water absorption by Root.   (Page No. 13)

3. How can you explain that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.

• Now place a carrot in the glass.
• Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
• Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

• Observe the figure. Which part of the plant does that boy hold to swing?
  
  Answer:
  Roots of Banyan (Aerial roots).

Activity – 4
4. How can you prove that the water absorbed by the root is carried cut through stem to all parts of the plants?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the conduction of water by a stem.

What you need: A small twig of balsam plant, a glass of water, red ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of ink to it.

• Now place the small twig in the water.

What do you see: The stem turns reddish.
What do you learn: The red ink is taken and transported by the stem upwards.
Observe the given picture of a leaf and its parts.

• Where is the leaf attached to the stem?
  Answer:
  Leaf base.
• What is the flat portion of the leaf called?
  Answer:
  Lamina (or) Leaf plate.
• What do you call the small line like structure in the flat portion of the leaf?
  Answer:
  Veins.
• Which part connects leaf lamina with the stem?
  Answer:
  Petiole.

Activity – 5

Are all leaves the same?   (Page No. 17)

5. a) Observe the leaves of the plants that you collected in activity 1.

• How are they?
  Answer:
  They are thin and flattened green structures.
• Are all the leaves being same size and shape?
  Answer:
  No. The leaves are not the same size and shape.

b) Compare the leaves of the plants collected in activity 1. Write your observation in the table given. You can also draw what you see in the shape and edge columns if describing is difficult.

S.No.	Name of the plant	Leaf base Yes/No	Petiole Yes/No	Lamina Yes/No	Shape of the leaf	Edges of the leaf
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the plant	Leaf base Yes/No	Petiole Yes/No	Lamina Yes/No	Shape of the leaf	Edges of the leaf
1.	Rice	Yes	No	Yes	Linear	Hairy
2.	Tulasi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Oval	Slightly toothed
3.	Mango	Yes	Yes	Yes	Oval	Smooth
4.	Rose	Yes	Yes	Yes	Oval	Sharply toothed
5.	Neem	Yes	Yes	Yes	Linear	Dentate

• What are the common parts that you observe in all the leaves?
  Answer:
  Leaf base, petiole, lamina are the common parts I observed in all the leaves.
• Do all the leaves have the same shape?
  Answer:
  No. All the leaves have not the same shape.

Activity – 6

6. Put a leaf under a white sheet of paper or a sheet in your notebook. Hold the tip of the pencil flat and rub it on the paper.        (Page No. 18)

• Did you get any impression?
  Answer:
  Yes. I get the impression of leaf.
• Is this pattern being similar to that of the leaf?
  Answer:
  Yes. It is similar to that of the leaf.

Activity – 7

Types of Venation. (Page No. 18)

7. Observe the venation of the leaves that you collected in activity 1. With the help of fig. 6 right your observations in table 4.

S.No.	Name of the Plant	Venation (Reticulate / Parallel)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the Plant	Venation (Reticulate / Parallel)
1.	Rice	Parallel venation
2.	Tulasi	Reticulate venation
3.	Mango	Reticulate venation
4.	Rose	Reticulate venation
5.	Neem	Reticulate venation

a) Now compare the results obtained in table-2 with table-4.

• What type of roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves?
  Answer:
  Fibrous roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves.
• What type of roots are there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves?
  Answer:
  Taproot system is there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves.
• Is there any relation between venation and root system?
  Answer:
  Yes. There is a relation between venation and the root system.
  The plants with taproot system have leaves with web-like or reticulate venation and plants with fibrous roots have parallel venation.

Activity – 8

Stomata Observation. (Page No. 19)

8. What procedure do you follow to observe the stomata in your school lab?
Answer:
Aim: To observe stomata in a leaf.

What you need: Fleshy leaf, water, microscope, slide.
What to do:

• Take a fleshy leaf.
• Peel the outer layer of the leaf and place it on a slide.
• Put a drop of water on it and observe it under a microscope.

What do you see: We find some bean-shaped parts.
What do you learn: The bean-shaped parts are stomata. Its acts like our nose.

Activity – 9

Transpiration. (Page No. 19)

9. Write an activity to explain transpiration in plants.
Answer:
Aim: To observe that excess water is removed in the form of vapours from the leaf surface.

What you need: Well-watered potted plant, polythene bags, thread.
What to do:

• Take a well-watered potted plant.
• Enclose a leafy branch of the plant in a polythene bag and tie its mouth.
• Take another polythene bag and tie its mouth without keeping any plant.
• Keep both polythene bags under the sun.

What do you see:

• We see some droplets in the polythene bag that ties on the plant.
• There are no droplets in another polythene bag.

What do you learn: Plants release excess water in the body through the stomata of the leaves.

• This process of releasing water in the form of vapour by the process called transpiration.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 5 Materials: Separating Methods Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Combination of more than one substance forms a ——–.
Answer:
Mixture
2. The method used to separate stones from rice is ——–.
Answer:
handpicking
3. The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called ——–.
Answer:
Sublimation

Choose the Correct Answer.

1. Which of the following does not change its shape?
A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) None of these
Answer:
D) None of these

2. This method is useful for the separation of dissolved substances from a liquid
A) Sedimentation
B) Chromatography
C) Crystallization
D) Filtration
Answer:
C) Crystallization

3. Chromatography is the method used to separate
A) Mud from Water
B) Colours
C) Impurities from water
D) Husk from grains
Answer:
B) Colours

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
List five things that we can make using each of the following materials:
a) glass b) metal c) plastic d) wood
Answer:
A) Five things made of glass:

1. Drinking a glass
2. Glass bowl
3. Glass paperweight
4. Glass jar
5. Glass beaker
6. Round bottomed glass flask

B) Five things made of metal:

1. Metal metre scale
2. Metal box
3. Metal sheet
4. Metal cauldron
5. Metal pan

C) Five things made of plastic:

1. Plastic chair
2. Plastic comb
3. Plastic bottle
4. Plastic cup
5. Plastic bags
6. Plastic dish

D) Five things made of wood:

1. Wooden chairs
2. Wooden doors
3. Wooden tables
4. Wooden almirah
5. Wooden sheet
6. Wooden cot
7. Wooden cup-board

Question 2.
Why is handpicking necessary after winnowing?
Answer:

1. During winnowing, only husk and light particles can be separated from grains.
2. But small stones and clay pieces will remain in the grains heap as they are heavy.
3. To remove these stones and other particles, we have to pick them by hand and separate them.
4. Hence handpicking is necessary after winnowing.

Question 3.
Which separation process is used when one component is in a mixture,
a. Heavier than the other?
b. Bigger than the other?
c. Different shape and colour from the other?
d. One is soluble in water and the other is not?
e. One floats and the other sinks in water?
Answer:
a) Winnowing
b) Sieving
c) Handpicking
d) Filteration
e) Decantation

Question 4.
Siri saw a ship travelling on a sea. She knows that iron nail sinks in water. She has many doubts. What are her doubts? Write them.
Answer:

1. Why is the ship not sinking in water though it is made up of iron?
2. Does iron float in salty water?
3. Why did such a huge body like ship not sink in sea?
4. What is the secret of ships floating in the sea?
5. What is the science behind this floating?

Question 5.
We use so many wooden items in our daily life. Is it good to use wood? What happens by excessive use of it? What is the reason? Is there any alternative for this?
Answer:

1. In fact it is good to use wooden items then the plastic items as it is biodegradable.
2. But excessive use of it may lead to deforestation as we have to cut more trees for making wooden items.
3. It may lead to several consequences such as
   i) disturbance in the water cycle,
   ii) decrease in rainfall,
   iii) decrease in the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere,
   iv) increase in carbon dioxide and pollution,
   v) imbalance in nature etc,
4. We can use items made up of bamboo instead of wood as bamboo is a type of grass and grow quickly when compared to woody trees.
5. We can also use items made up of metals as they lost longer and can be recycled.

Question 6.
How can you get your own distilled water in the laboratory?
Answer:
Aim: To get distilled water from normal water.
What do you need? (Materials required):
1. Water, 2 conical flasks, 2 one holed rubber cork, delivery tube, bunsen burner, stand.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Fill a conical flask with water, close it with a cork having a hole.
2. Take another conical flask with a cork having a hole.
   
3. Connect both flasks with a delivery tube.
4. Now heat the flask containing water using a burner.

What do you see? (Observation): After some time, water vapour goes into the second conical flask through the delivery tube. The water vapour will slowly turn to water.
What do you learn? (Result) : This water is called a distilled water. It is free from impurities.
Thus Impurities can be removed from water by distillation get our own distilled water.

Question 7.
Draw a labelled diagram showing the experimental setup required for the sublimation of camphor?
Answer:

Question 8.
We know that a ship, even though it is made up of tonnes of iron, floats on water. How do you feel about the scientists who found the scientific principles and efforts in making a ship?
Answer:

1. The ship is so constructed that it is full of air which keeps it a float.
2. Air makes the ship lighter than the surrounding water.
3. The displaced water of the ship pushes back up against the ship holding it up.
4. The observation of the scientists who felt that the shape of the ship can hold more air to make it light made them to construct this.
5. Observation of scientists as well as putting it to practical use is very much appreciable on the part of the scientists.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 58

Question 1.
Drop an egg in a beaker of water. Now drop the same egg in another beaker of water in which excessive salt is added. Write your observation.
Answer:

1. When the egg is droped in a beaker of water the egg sinks in the water.
2. When the egg is droped in the beaker of water in which excessive salt is added, the egg floats in that water.
3. In the first case the density of water is less so no upward force act on the egg to float.
4. But in the later case salt water density is more then normal water, so it exerts upward force on the egg as a result egg floats.

Question 2.
Do the following activities. Write down your observations. What do you conclude.
a. Mix chalk powder in water.
b. Place a piece of candle in water.
c. Add some oil drops to a beaker of water.
Answer:
a) Chalk powder is insoluble in water and is precipitated in water.
b) The candle floats in water. The density of the candle is less than the density of water.
c) The oil drop spreads as a thin film on the water surface. The density of oil is less than the density of water.

Question 3.
Make a list of items from your kitchen like utensils, food ingredients etc. Classify them as sinks /floats and soluble/insoluble.
Answer:

S. No.	Item	Sink/Float in water	Soluble / Insoluble in water
1.	Plastic glass	float	insoluble
2.	Steel glass	sink	insoluble
3.	Sugar	sink	soluble
4.	Oil	float	insoluble
5.	Salt	sink	soluble
6.	Pan	sink	insoluble
7.	Rice	sink	insoluble
8.	Green chilli	float	insoluble

Question 4.
Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it? If powdered sugar is mixed with wheat flour, how do you separate them?
Answer:

1. Yes. This can be done through the process of sieving.
2. The mixture of sugar and wheat flour is allowed to pass through a sieve.
3. The fine wheat flour passes through the sieve while sugar remains on the sieve.
4. To separate powdered sugar from wheat flour, first we have to add excess water to the mixture of powdered sugar with wheat flour.
5. As sugar is soluble in water it get dissolves in water.
6. Wheat flour is insoluble in water so it settles down.
7. Now wheat flour can be separated from sugar solution by decantation or filtration.
8. Now sugar can be obtained from sugar solution by crystallization (heating till the water evaporates leaving behind the sugar in crystalized form).

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods Activities

Activity – 1

Finding the materials used to make different objects. (Page No. 46)

1. A list of things in a house are given in table. Name the materials from which each object is may possibly be made of:

S.No.	Object	Material
1.	t) oor	Wood, metal, rubber, paint.
2.	Towel
3.	Eraser
4.	Knife
5.	Mirror
6.	Shoes
7.	Water bottle
8.	Pot

Answer:

S.No.	Object	Material
1.	Door	Wood, metal, rubber, paint.
2.	Towel	Cotton, dye.
3.	Eraser	Synthetic rubber, synthetic soy based gum, vinyl
4.	Knife	Wood, stainless steel.
5.	Mirror	Glass, metal or wooden or plastic frame.
6.	Shoes	Leather or cotton or rubber
7.	Water bottle	Plastic or glass or fibre
8.	Pot	Clay

i) Which objects are made of one material?
Answer:

1. Pot
2. Towel (if not dyed)
3. Shoes
4. Water bottle.

ii) Which objects are made of more than one material?
Answer:

1. Door
2. Rubber
3. Knife
4. Mirror

iii) How many materials can be used for making chairs? List them.
Answer:

1. Wood
2. Iron nails
3. Plywood

Activity – 2

Finding the objects made from different materials: (Page No. 47)

2. Name as many things/objects as you can, made using the materials given in the table shown.

S. No.	Material	Things/Objects
1.	Metal	Utensils……….
2.	Plastic	Bag,……..
3.	Glass	Mirror,……….
4.	Wood	Table,……..
5.	Cotton	Cloth,………
6.	Leather	Shoes,……..
7.	Ceramic	Cup……….
8.	Rock	Idols,……….

Answer:

S. No.	Material	Things/Objects
1.	Metal	Utensils, chairs, cots, crowbar, pans
2.	Plastic	Bag, chairs, combs, tubs, buckets, covers
3.	Glass	Mirror, window pans, spectacles, paper weight, jars
4.	Wood	Table, chair, windows, doors, rafters
5.	Cotton	Cloth, sarees, covers, dress, shoes
6.	Leather	Shoes, purses, belts, suitcases, bags
7.	Ceramic	Cup, saucers, plates, plugs, tails
8.	Rock	Idols, statues, walls, paper weights, buildings

Activity – 3

Light a candle (Page No. 48)

3. You may have lit a candle with a matchstick many times, holding the burning matchstick to touch the wick of the candle until the wick catches fire. But, can you light the candle without touching the wick with a burning matchstick? Do you think this is impossible? Let us see how it can be done.
Answer:

1. A candle is taken and is lighted. The candle is lit only when the burning match stick touched its wick.
2. When the candle is burning at the bottom of the wick liquid wax can be observed.
3. White smoke is observed over the flame of the candle, when the flame is put off. This is the vapour state of wax.
4. If a burning match stick is brought near this smoke, the candle catches fire though match stick does not touch the wick.

i) Did the candle catch fire from a distance?
Answer:
Yes, It catches fire from a distance.

ii) Discuss with your friends how and why the candle got lit from a distance.
Answer:
The candle got lit from a distance because the white smoke rising from the wick is flammable. It catches fire as a result candle got lit.

iii) Does the white smoke represent candle wax in the state of gas?
Answer:
Yes, that white smoke is nothing but the wax in the gaseous state.

Activity – 4

Classification of Materials: (Page No. 49)

4. Think of different solids, liquids and gases around you and group them in the table.

Answer:

Solids	Liquids	Gases
1. Stone	Milk	Smoke
2. Ice	Water	Steam
3. Wood	Kerosene	Butane
4. Pen	Ink	Carbon dioxide
5. Coal	Oil	Coal gas
6. Salt	Sea water	Chlorine
7. Rubber	Gum paste	Iodine vapours

Discuss with your friends and find out who had the longest list. Can you list their properties? For example, liquids take the shape of the container they are put into. Write all possible properties of solids, liquids and gases in your notebook. Discuss them with your friends and teachers.
Answer:
A) Solids:

1. Solids have a definite shape.
2. Solids are incompressible.
3. Solids do not flow.

B) Liquids

1. Liquids occupy the shape of the container.
2. Liquids are incompressible.
3. Liquids can flow.

C) Gases:

1. Gases have no fixed shape.
2. Gases can be compressible.
3. Gases flow and diffuse.

Activity – 5

Sinking or Floating in Water (Page No. 50)

Let us assume that a tomato, brinjal, potato, iron nail, sponge, wood, stone, leaf, piece of chalk and paper are given to you. Predict which of them will sink or float in water. Record your predictions in table.

Prediction	Objects
Sinks	Stone …
Floats

Answer:

Prediction	Objects
Sinks	Stone, Iron nail, piece of chalk, potato.
Floats	Sponge, wood, leaf, paper, tomato, brinjal.

i) Now try to test whether your predictions are correct or wrong by dropping the above objects in a beaker of water one by one. What do you find? Record your observations in the following table.

Answer:

Object	Prediction	Finding
Stone	Sinks	Sunk
Iron nail	Sinks	Sunk
Piece of chalk	Sinks	Sunk
Tomato	Floats	Floated
Brinjal	Floats	Floated
Potato	Sinks	Sunk
Sponge	Floats	Floated
Wood	Floats	Floated
Leaf	Floats	Floated
Paper	Floats	Floated

ii) For which of these objects your prediction is wrong? Why?
Answer:
1) All my predictions proved correct.
2) I have taken good quality tomato, brinjal and potato.
Now, add a lot of salt to the water in the beaker. Try this same activity with water which is excessively salty..

iii) What do you observe?
Answer:
Some of the objects which sinks previously now began to float.

iv) Do you get the same result? Discuss.
Answer:
No, some of the objects which sink previously now began to float. This is because the density of salt water is more than that of freshwater. As the density of water increases objects with less density than this water will float.

Activity – 6

Do Iron Objects of boat (Page No. 50)

6. i) Take some water in a wide-mouthed bowl. Put an iron nail in it. What do you observe?
Answer:
The wooden nail will sink to the bottom.

ii) Put an empty iron tin in that bowl. What do you observe?
Answer:
The iron tin float on the water.

iii) Also try to observe whether a wooden piece floats on water. What happens when a wooden bowl is dipped in water?
Answer:
When a wooden bowl is dipped in water, it again floats.

iv) What do you conclude from this activity?
Answer:
Some materials in one shape will sink in water but float on water when they are in another shape. The materials that can sink can be made to float, but all the materials that float cannot be made to sink.

Activity – 7

Soluble or Insoluble in Water: (Page No. 51)

7. i) Take five beakers with water. Take small quantities of sugar, salt, chalk powder, sand and sawdust. Add each material to separate beakers and stir- Observe the changes and record your observations in the table.

S.No.	Material added	Dissolves (Yes /No)
1.	Sugar
2.	Salt
3.	Sand
4.	Saw dust
5.	Chalk powder

Answer:

S.No.	Material added	Dissolves (Yes / No)
1.	Sugar	Yes
2.	Salt	Yes
3.	Sand	No
4.	Saw dust	No.
5.	Chalk powder	No

ii) Repeat the above activity with different liquids like vinegar; lemon juice, coconut oil and kerosene and add them to water. What do you observe? Discuss.
Answer:

S. No.	Liquid added to water	Dissolves (Yes /No)	Soluble/Insoluble
1.	vinegar	Yes	Soluble
2.	lemon juice	Yes	Soluble
3.	coconut oil	No	Insoluble
4.	kerosene	No	Insoluble

iii) List out the different substances that are used to make the items given in table.

Item	Substances
Tea	Milk……….
Laddu
Lemon Juice
Concrete
Soil

Answer:

Item	Substances
Tea	Milk, Tea powder, Sugar, Elachi
Laddu	Sugar, Boondi, Elachi, Ghee
Lemon Juice	Lemon Juice, Sugar, Water
Concrete	Sand, Cement, Water, Gravel Iron
Soil	Find Sand, Humus, Gravel, Clay, Coarse Sand

iv) Complete the following table.

Answer:

Mixture	Components	Natural / Man made
Lemon water	Lemon juice, water, sugar	Man-made
Laddu	Sugar, boodi, elachi, ghee	Man-made
Concrete	Sand, cement, water, gravel	Man-made
Soil	Fine sand, humus, gravel, clay, coarse sande	Natural
Rock salt	Salt – soil – sand	Natural

Activity – 8

Sedimentation and Decantation: (Page No. 53)

8. How do you separate mud and sand from muddy water? What is sedimentation and decantation?
Answer:

1. Take a mixture of soil and water in a glass tumbler and keep it undisturbed for some time.
2. You will find that the sand and the mud particles in the soil settle down at the bottom of the glass tumbler.
   
3. These are called sediments and this process of sepa¬ration of mud and sand is called sedimentation.
4. After sedimentation, the tumbler is gently lifted.
5. The tip of the tumbler is inclined on the edge of another tumbler without disturbing the sediments.
6. The water gets separated from the sediment(mud).
7. This process is called decantation.

i) Why did mud particle settle at the bottom of the tumbler?
Answer:
Mud particles settle at the bottom of the tumbler as they are insoluble in water and heavier in weight.
Sedimentation and decantation are used in your home while cleaning rice and pulses for cooking.

ii) Think of other examples where we use this method of separation and list them.
Answer:
Example of sedimentation are: Tea leaves settling down on cup of tea, soil settling in pond water.
Example of decantation: Oil and vinegar mixture decanting in the experiment, water is poured out from cooked peas etc.

Activity – 9

9. Why can’t we filter salt from salt water? (Page No. 54)
Answer:
Take water in a beaker. Dissolve some salt in it. Filter this mixture with a filter paper.
i) Are you able to separate the salt from the salt water with a niter paper?
Answer:
We cannot separate the salt from the salt water with a filter paper.

ii) Why could you not niter the salt from salt water?

1. The pores in a filter paper are so minute that we cannot see them with naked eyes.
2. The dissolved salt particles are very minute and they pass through the filter paper.
3. So we cannot filter the salt from salt water with a filter paper.

Activity – 10

Crystallization. (Page No. 54)

10. Explain the process of Crystallization.
Answer:
Aim: To separate salt from salt water.
What you need? Salt, water, beaker, glass rod, tripod Stand, Bunsen burner, wire guage.

What to do?

1. Heat some salt water in a beaker, over a flame.
2. Stir the solution with a glass rod.
3. Continue heating till all the water in the beaker has evaporated.

What do you see? Crystals of salt remain in the beaker.
What do you learn? Salt can be separated from salt water by heating (Crystallization). Some dissolved substances can be separated from the liquids by heating. On heating water evaporates and dissolved substances will form their crystals. This method of separation is called Crystallization.

Activity – 11

Get your own Distilled Water (Page No. 55)

11. How do you prepare distilled water ? (Or) Explain the process of distilling water.
Answer:
Aim To get distilled water from normal water.
What you need?:
1. Water, 2 conical flasks, 2 one holed rubber cork, delivery tube, bunsen burner, stand.
What to do?:

1. Fill a conical flask with water, close it with a cork having a hole.
2. Take another conical flask with a cork having a hole.
   
3. Connect both flasks with a delivery tube.
4. Now heat the flask containing water using a burner.

What do you see? After some time, water vapour goes into the second conical flask through the delivery tube. The water vapour will slowly turn to water. This water is called a distilled water. It is free from impurities.
What do you learn? Impurities can be removed from water by distillation.

Activity – 12

Sublimation of camphor (Page No. 55)

12. How do you demonstrate the sublimation of camphor?
Answer:
Aim To understand the process of sublimation.
What you need? Mixture of camphor and powdered salt, china dish, funnel, cotton, stand burner.
What to do?

1. Take a mixture of camphor and powdered salt in a china dish and cover it with a funnel.
2. Close the tube of the funnel with cotton.
   
3. Place the dish on a stand and heat it with a burner.

What do you see? When camphor is heated, it transforms to gaseous form without changing into liquid leaving the salt powder in the dish. On reaching the cotton it cools, the gaseous form of camphor changes directly into a solid without going to the liquid state.
What do you learn? The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called sublimation.

Activity – 13

A Chalk with different colours (Page No. 56)

13. How do you separate colour from a miture of colours?
Answer:

Aim : To separate colours from a mixture of colours (ink).
What you need?: stick of white chalk, ink, plate, water
What to do?:

1. Take a whole stick of white chalk.
2. Around the curved surface of the chalk put an ink mark with blue or black ink.
   
3. Now pour some water in a plate and keep the piece of chalk in the water.
4. Ensure that the water in the plate is very little and does not touch the ink mark.
5. Observe the colour patterns that form on the piece of chalk after some time.
6. Remove the chalk before the water reaches its top.

What do you see?: Different colours are formed around the chalk from the bottom to top.
What do you learn?: The ink appears to be made of a single colour but it is actually a mixture of many colours hidden in it. Those colours are separated by this method. It is an example of chromatography.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 How Fabrics are Made Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. When we burn artificial fibres it gives a ——– smell.
Answer:
Pungent
2. Fibre → ——– → Fabric.
Answer:
Yarn
3. The process of removing seeds from cotton wool is called ——–.
Answer:
ginning
4. ——– fibre is called golden fibre.
Answer:
Jute
5. An example of a natural fibre ——–.
Answer:
cotton, wool, silk

Choose the correct answer.
1. Artificial fibre is
A) Cotton
B) Wool
C) Acrylic
D) Jute
Answer:
C) Acrylic

2. An instrument for spinning
A) Needle
B) Knife
C) Spindle
D) Scissor
Answer:
C) Spindle

3. Making fabric from cotton yarn is called
A) Spinning
B) Ginning
C) Weaving
D) Cutting
Answer:
C) Weaving

4. Jute fibre is obtained from this part of a jute plant
A) Root
B) Leaves
C) Flowers
D) Stem
Answer:
D) Stem

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Name the things you find in your home that are made of different fibres.
Answer:
Shirt – Cotton
Swetter – Wool
Carry bag – Polythene
Raincoat – Pvc
Saree – Silk
Doormat – Coir
Umbrella – Pvc
Gunny bag – Jute

Question 2.
Yarn is stronger than fibre. Why?
Answer:

• The tiny strands like structures are called fibres.
• A single fibre can easily break up.
• But the yarn is a strand made up of multiple fibres.
• The number of fibres increases the thickness or fitness of yarn will increases.
• So the yarn is stronger than fibre.

Question 3.
Write differences between natural fabrics and artificial fabrics.
Answer:

Natural fibres	Artificial fibres
1) Those are deriving from plants and animals.	1) These are deriving from chemicals.
2) Water absorbing capacity is good.	2) Poor in water absorption.
3) Produce ash when burn.	3) Produces pungent smell.
4) Takes much time to dry.	4) Takes less time to dry.
5) These fibres are coarse and rough in nature.	5) These fibres are smooth in nature.

Question 4.
How do you get jute yarn? Write the process.
Answer:

• Jute fibre is obtained from stem of jute plant.
• The stem of the harvested plant is cut and immersed in water for some days.
• When the stem is soaked in water it becomes rotten and easy to peel.
• Then the fibres are separated from the stem and twisted in to yarn.
• By weaving of these yarn, we can make gunny bags.

Question 5.
What will happen if a raincoat is made from cotton fabric?
Answer:

• The raincoat is fully waterproof.
  (The raincoat should allow the flow of water on it without absorbing any drop of water.
• But if the raincoat is made from cotton fabric it absorbs rainwater falling on it.

Question 6.
Make a flowchart showing the process of getting fabric from the cotton plant?
Answer:

Question 7.
Siri donated cloth bags to her schoolmates on her birthday. Why should we appreciate her?
Answer:

• Siri donated cloth bags on her birthday. This can be practised by all in the world.
• Because the polythene covers take much time to decompose and pollute the soil.
• They also (polythene covers) prevent the percolation of rainwater into the ground.
• But the cloth bags decompose easily and mixes in the soil and do not cause any harm to the environment.
• So this is a good step to protect the environment.

Question 8.
Prepare some slogans to promote using natural fibre bags instead of polythene bags.
Answer:

• Stop using plastic bags
• No Plastic – Yes Fabric
• Say no to plastic bags
• Long live earth – Not Plastic
• Be a part of the solution – Not a part of pollution
• Save our planet – use reusable bags

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 92

Question 1.
Prepare a bag using cloth. Collect pieces of fabric and make designs on your bag by using them. Display it in your school.
Answer:
The students can do this activity depending upon their skill. (Student Activity)

Question 2.
Make a scrapbook containing pictures of different types of fabric and name them.
Answer:
(Student Activity)
They can take the help of cloth shop people to identify the different fabric in naming them.

Question 3.
Discuss with your teacher or your parents and prepare a chart showing spinning mills in our state.
Answer:
The student has to collect information from internet. (Student Activity)

Question 4.
Collect news items about handloom workers and cotton growers. Analyze one news item in your own way.
Answer:
Student can do this activity depending on their skill. (Student Activity)

Question 5.
What did you do to know whether artificial fibres give a pungent smell while burning? Write the steps of your experiment.
Answer:

• Cloth pieces of different artificial fibres are taken and they are burnt one after another.
• Wool does not burn quickly.
• Fibres like Nylon. Polyester, Terylene, Rayon, when they are burnt they give out the pungent smell.
• These materials shrink while burning.

Question 6.
Observe these logos. What do they mean? Collect information about this from your school library.
Answer:

• ‘apco’ is the abbreviation of Andhra Pradesh State Handlooms Weavers Co-operative Society Limited.
  
• apco was registered in 1976.
• Co-optex is the abbreviation of the Tamilnadu Handloom Weavers Cooperative Society Limited.
• Co-optex is a pioneer marketing organization of handloom fabrics, through its network of 203 showrooms spread all over India with an annual turnover of around Rs.1000 crores established in 1935.
• The multi-hued butterfly logo is today synonymous with the quality, durability and fair trade practice of Co-Optex.

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made Activities

Activity – 1

I. List the fabric items in your house and state what type of fabric they are made of. Classify them into cotton, silk, wool, polyester, terylene, etc. (Page No. 85)
Try to enrich the list as much as you can. For identifying the fabrics, you can take the help of your elders and teachers.

S.No.	Type of Fabric	Fabric Items
1.	Cotton
2.	Silk	Kurta, Saree, …
3.	Wool
4.	Polyester
5.	Linen	Trousers,…

Answer:

S.No.	Type of Fabric	Fabric Items
1.	Cotton	Shirts, Sarees, Dresses, Dhotis, Doors curtains etc
2.	Silk	Kurtha, Sari, Ropes
3.	Wool	Sweaters, Socks
4.	Polyester	Shirts, Sarees, Dhotis, Trousers
5.	Linen	Trousers, Sarees

i) Which kind of fabric is mostly used in your house?
Answer:
Cotton and silk fabrics used mostly in my house.

ii) How can you identify the type of fabric?
Answer:
By touch and look, generally, we identify the type of fabric.

Activity – 2

Fibre. (Page No. 85)

2. Take a piece of fabric. With the help of a magnifying lens, observe how the fabric is. Pull out threads one by one from the fabric. Observe these threads.

i) What did you observe?
Answer:
The thread has small fine like structures.
Take one thread. Scratch its end. Observe it through a magnifying lens.

ii) Are you able to see the fine structure of the thread?
Answer:
Yes, it has fine structures.
Take a needle and try to insert this thread into the eye of the needle. Can you? Isn’t it difficult?

iii) Have you ever seen what people do to overcome this problem?
Answer:
Generally when we are not able to put a thread into the eye of the needle, either we twist the end of the thread or we wet the end using saliva.

Activity – 3

Characteristics of Fabrics. (Page No. 86)

3. Collect some natural and artificial fabrics and observe the following chara- cterstics. Record your observations in table.

S. No.	Character	Natural fabric	Artificial fabric
1.	Water absorbing nature
2.	Time taken to dry
3.	Smell while burning
4. ‘	Result after burning
5.	Stretching capacity of yarn
6.	Smoothness

Answer:

S. No.	Character	Natural fabric	Artificial fabric
1.	Water absorbing nature	good	poor
2.	Time taken to dry	more time	Less time
3.	Smell while burning	normal	pungent smell
4.	Result after burning	turn into ash	shrink during burning
5.	Stretching capacity of yarn	less	more
6.	Smoothness	coarse	smooth

i) Which type of fabrics are smooth in nature?
Answer:
Natural fabrics are smooth in nature.

ii) Which type of fabrics dry in a short time?
Answer:
Artificial fabrics dry in a short time.

iii) Do you find any relation between smoothness and time to dry?
Answer:
Yes, the smooth clothes take less time to dry.

iv) Which fabrics give ash when they are burnt?
Answer:
Natural fabrics give ash when they are burnt.

Activity – 4

Making Cotton Yarn. (Page No. 87)

4. Collect cotton bolls from nearby houses or cotton-growing fields.

Remove seeds from the cotton bolls and separate cotton. Take a small piece of cotton; observe it using a magnifying lens or under a microscope.
Answer:
i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe small hairy structures. These are the fibres of cotton.

Activity – 5

Spinning Yarn. (Page No. 87)

5. Take a cotton boll and remove the seeds from it. Take some cotton in one hand and gently start pulling out cotton by using the thumb and forefinger figure.

Continuous twisting of the fiber will make yarn. Is it strong or not?
Answer:
The yarn that we make from cotton wool is not strong enough to be used for weaving. To get strong yarn from fibre an instrument is used as wheel and spindle.

Activity – 6

How is jute yarn? (Page No. 89)

6. Collect gunny bags. Pull out the threads from the bag and observe under a magnifying lens. You will see strands of yarn. Observe how the fibre looks like? Compare these fibres with cotton fibres.
Answer:
Like cotton, jute yarn is also useful in making fabric. It is also called golden fibre. Jute fabric is not the same as cotton fabric. It is harder, stronger and rougher.

Activity – 7

Mat Making. (Page No. 90)

7. Write the produce of mat making.
Answer:
Take coconut leaves or two different colour paper strips. Cut and remove the middle vein of the leaf to get two halves. Now put these strips parallel to each other. Take one more strip and insert horizontally and alternately between the vertical strips. Finally, you will get a sheet-like structure. This is the way a mat is made. In the same manner, weave a paper sheet by using paper strips.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Water Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 4th Lesson Water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The process of changing water into its vapour is called ——–.
Answer:
evaporation
2. The water cycle is also called as ——–.
Answer:
Hydrological cycle
3. No rainfall for a year or more may lead to ——– in that region.
Answer:
drought
4. Excessive rains may cause ——–.
Answer:
floods.

Choose the correct Answer.

1. The nature of sea water is
A) Salty
B) Tasteless
C) Odourless
D) Sweet
Answer:
A) Salty

2. Which of the following is not a part of water cycle?
A) Evaporation
B) Condensation
C) Rain
D) Distillation
Answer:
D) Distillation

3. Which of the following processes add water vapour to the atmosphere?
A) Solidification
B) Precipitation
C) Condensation
D) Evaporation
Answer:
D) Evaporation

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
List out the activities in our daily life where we use water.
Answer:
We need water to perform day to day activities like
a) drinking b) toilets c) bathing d) washing clothes e) for cleaning utensils

• Water is essential for the germination of seed.
• Water is used to generate electricity.
• Water is used for irrigation in the crops.
• Water is essential for our body metabolic activities.
• Water is used in many industries.

Question 2.
How are clouds formed? Explain.
Answer:

• The process of evaporation followed by condensation causes the formation of clouds.
• On a warm day, the sun heats up the water in oceans, seas, rivers, ponds etc.
• It helps the water convert to water vapour by the process of evaporation.
• When the water vapour rises up into the atmosphere it becomes cooler.
• When water vapour reaches a higher level, it condenses due to contact with cool air and forms small drops or water droplets.
• These tiny droplets remain floating in the air at higher levels of the atmosphere and appear as clouds.

Question 3.
Which of the following days is more suitable for drying of washed clothes? Explain
why. (a) Windy day (b) Cloudy day
Answer:

• A windy day is more suitable for drying washed clothes.
• In the case of a cloudy day, the amount of moisture is high. So evaporation will occur slowly.
• On a windy day, the amount of moisture in the atmosphere is less so the rate of evaporation will be higher.
• Hence, the windy air reaches the washed clothes and makes them dry.

Question 4.
Why do we experience cloud-like smoke near our mouth while we speak during the winter season?
Answer:

• In the winter season, the atmospheric temperature is less than the body temperature.
• This causes the water vapour to condense into a fog of tiny droplets of liquid water.
• So, the water vapour in the mouth cools suddenly when it reaches the outside of the mouth.
• So that we experience cloud-like smoke near our mouth while we speak during the winter season.

Question 5.
Why does the driver of a vehicle wipe the glass inside, even if the wiper is working on the outer surface of the glass when he drives in rain?
Answer:

• The outside wiper of a vehicle wipes off the rainwater.
• The coolness of the rain causes condensation of natural moisture on the inner surface of the glass.
• Due to this condensation of moisture, it makes invisibility to the driver, to drive
• To maintain the visibility through the glass the driver wipes off the glass manually.

Question 6.
What is the water cycle? Explain its main parts briefly.
Answer:
The circulation of water between the earth surface and air is called the water cycle. !t is also called the Hydrological cycle.
There are four main stages in the water cycle.

1. Evaporation: As the sun heats up the water bodies, water becomes water vapour.
2. Condensation: As the vapour rises high levels into the air it cools and forms a cloud.
3. Precipitation: When the clouds cool the water vapour it becomes water which is heavy and falls down as rain.
4. Collection and runoff: Water collects on the earth’s surface and flows into the water bodies like lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers etc.

Question 7.
Revanth blew air from his mouth onto the mirror while he was getting ready to go to school. He observed that the image in the mirror was not clear. Do you know, why? Prepare questions to get clarity.
Answer:

• Why the image in the mirror was not clear when I blow air onto the mirror?
• Which process is responsible for this?
• Does this happen in all seasons?
• In which atmospheric conditions it happens frequently?

Question 8.
If we use water in the same way what will happen in future?
Answer:

• If we use water in the same way it causes scarcity of water in future.
• We will not be able to do various activities where water is required.
• Life is not possible on earth without water.
• It also leads to global warming.
• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.

Question 9.
How can you demonstrate condensation of water by using glass, water and pieces of ice?
Answer:
Aim: To demonstrate condensation of water.
What do we need?: A glass, water, and ice cubes.
How to do?:

• Take a glass half-filled with water.
• Wipe the glass from the outside with a cloth.
• Add some ice cubes into the water.
• Wait for one or two minutes.
• Observe the changes that take place on the outer surface of the glass.

What do we see? :

• Water drops appear on the outer surface of the glass.

What we learn?:

• The cold surface of the glass cools the air around it.
• The surrounded water vapour condenses and forms water droplets on the surface of the glass.

Question 10.
Draw the diagram showing water cycle.
Answer:

Question 11.
How do you appreciate the contribution of the water cycle in making water available for various needs of plants and animals?
Answer:

• Water is the basic need of living organisms to survive.
• Water cycle is responsible for rainfall and it contributes healthy growth of crops.
• Water cycle maintains the ecological balance of earth.
• Water cycle maintains the temperature of the earth constant.
• Water is a habitat for so many plants and animals.

Question 12.
Write your suggestions to prevent water wastage.
Answer:

• Turn off taps quickly after use.
• Reuse water directly from other sources like collected rainwater.
• Switch off the water pumping motor in time to save water.
• Check all pipes and toilets for leaks and other purposes.
• Drinking water should not be used for other purposes.
• Recycle the water by separating the pollutants.
• Follow the water management techniques such as rainwater harvesting.

Question 13.
If people are suffering due to severe floods, what would you do to help them?
Answer:
If people are suffering due to severe floods, I will help them by following the ways.

• By providing food.
• By providing the drinking water.
• By providing blankets, clothing to them.
• By providing the basic needs related to sanitary hygiene and medicines.
• By providing shelter.
• By approaching individual charity institutions and non-govt, organisations to take their help.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 44

Question 1.
Prepare a map of your village showing different water sources.
Answer:
(Student Activity)
Water sources differ from place to place. So, the student is advised to observe the water sources available in his or her area and prepare a map accordingly.

Question 2.
Make a pamphlet on “Don’t wastewater. ” Display it on wall magazine.
Answer:

• Our primary needs are air, water and food.
• We need water for many activities in our daily life.
• Water is a precious gift of nature.
• We can’t live a single day without water.
• In some areas, people are suffering from a lack of drinking water.
• Some areas are slowly becoming deserts due to lack of water.
• In some areas, people need to travel long distances to collect water.
• If water is scarce, it is very difficult to get food and fodder,
• Water is precious. Let us not waste even a single drop of water.
• We must preserve water not only for us but also for future generations.
• So don’t wastewater.

Question 3.
Collect information about water-related games and make a scrapbook.
Answer:
Water games are the games played in a body of water such as a swimming pool, pond, lake, river or sea.
Following are some water-related games.

1. Swimming
   
2. Jumping into water from a height
   
3. Boat competitions
   
4. Diving
   
5. Water polo
   
6. Surfing
   
7. Yachting
   

Question 4.
Justify the statement “droughts and floods are a result of actions made by man. ” Investigate your reasons.
Answer:

• Droughts and floods are a result of the actions of man.
• This is due to deforestation, wastage of water in huge amount, drilling of several borewells.
• Pollution from factories causes global warming.
• Global warming disturbs the water cycle and causes either less rainfall or too much rainfall.
• Due to the human activities mainly destroying the vegetation, causes no rain for a long period results in drought.
• In the same way human being clears the vegetation when the rain falls in that region the excess water will overflow results floods.
• Hence, we can say that droughts and floods are the results of the action of man.

Question 5.
Conduct a seminar on drought control activities.
Answer:

• If there is no rain for a long period, it may cause drought.
• It creates a water shortage that damage crops, livestock and the environment.
• To control drought, we have to follow the given activities.
  • We should control the emission of gases which causes pollution.
  • Control deforestation and encourage forestation.
  • We should promote water conservation techniques.
  • Wastewater treatment should be implemented.
  • We should follow wastewater recycling, desert landscaping.
  • We should use water judiciously to prevent water scarcity.
  • We should follow the water conservation methods.

Question 6.
Collect information from your grandparents and their experiences about the drought they experienced.
Answer:
The student is advised to collect the information from his/her grandparents and their experiences about the drought.

Activity – 1

Water and its uses: (Page No. 33)

1. Arjun used buckets of water to bathe and to wash his clothes. He said that he had used four buckets of water. Answer the following questions.
i) Is bucket a measure of the volume of water used?
Answer:
No. a Bucket is not a measure of the volume of water used.
ii) How do we measure the volume of water?
Answer:
We measure the volume of water by using the shape of the vessel containing the water.
iii) Do you know any specific unit of measurement of volume?
Answer:
Yes. Water and other liquids have a specific unit to measure the volume in litres.

Activity – 2

How much water do we use daily? (Page No. 33 & 34)
Can you estimate how much water your family uses in a day? Record your estimates in a table. How you could reduce the amount of water and write how much water can you save?
Answer:

Activity	Water used (In litres)	How much can you save?
Drinking	2 litres	No saving
Toilets	10 litres	5 litres
Bathing	30 litres	10 litres
Washing clothes	60 litres	20 litres
Other	80 litres	30 litres
Total	182 litres	65 litres

Answer (the following questions from the observations and data collected by you.
a) Approximate quantity of water used per day by a person …………………
b) Number of people in the colony/village etc. …………………..
c) Approximate quantity of water used per day in the colony/village etc.
d) Approximate quantity of water used per month in the colony/village.
e) Approximate quantity of water per year in the colony/village etc.
f) Imagine how much water is needed across the world!
Answer:
a) Approximate quantity of water used per day by a person = 182 litres
b) Number of people in the colony/village etc.
= 100 people in the colony = 5000 people in the village
c) Approximate quantity of water used per day in the colony/village.
i) In the colony = 100 x 182 = 18200 litres
ii) In the village = 5000 x 182 = 910000 litres.
d) Approximate quantity of water used per month in the colony/village.
i) In the colony = 18200 x 30 = 546000 litres.
ii) in the village = 910000 x 30 = 27300000 litres.
e) You can calculate in a similar way for the quantity of water used per year in the colony/village.
f) Same procedure is adopted to imagine the water needed across the world.

Activity – 3

How is a well dug? (Page No. 34)

3. Collect information from elders in the village about the level of water in the wells over the years and answer the following questions.
i) Is the water level constant or has it changed?
Answer:
No. The water level is not constant, in the rainy season the water level in the good increases. In the summer season, the water level decreases.

ii) How was the well dug?
Answer:

• The place where the well is to be dug is selected first.
• Workers using crowbars and spades begin to remove the soil at that place.
• The process of digging continues till the water in the underground fills in this well.
• The level of water in the well goes down in the summer as the water table in the groundwater goes down.

iii) Have you seen a bore well being dug? Write the process.
Answer:

• A bore well is a deep, narrow hole drilled into the ground.
• Water is drawn through a pipe and pump.
• The depth to be drilled should be at least 40 metres.
• Borewells are typically small in diameter ranging from 4.5-12 inches.

Activity – 4

4. i) Can you convert water into ice? Explain what should we do. (Page No. 35)
Answer:
Yes. We can convert water into ice.
Fill the ice cube box with water and kept it in the refrigerator for some time. After some time, the water converts into ice.
ii) What happens if ice is kept in the open air?
Answer:
If we kept ice in the open air it melts and converts into water.
iii) What happens when water is heated?
Answer:
When we heat water, it turns into water vapour.

Activity – 5

5. i) Spread a piece of wet cloth in the sunlight. Observe after some time. Where has the water in the wet cloth gone? (Page No. 36)
Answer:
The water in the wet cloth evaporates into the atmosphere due to the heat of the sun.
ii) Does the water in wet clothes dry up only due to sunlight or due to other reasons?
Answer:
The water in the wet clothes dry up not only due to sunlight but also wind.
iii) Where does this water go after drying up?
Answer:
The water is heated by sunlight, it gets converted to vapour and mixes with the air.
iv) Where does this water vapour go after evaporation?
Answer:
The water vapour which enters into the air through the process of evaporation forms clouds in the sky.

Activity – 6

6. Take some water in a glass. Add a piece of ice to it. Observe for a few minutes. Answer the following questions.
i) What changes do you observe on the outer surface of the glass? (Page No. 37)
Answer:
We observed the formation of small drops of water on the outer surface of the glass.
ii) Why are these drops formed?
Answer:
The water vapour which surrounds the glass gets condensed due to the low temperature of the glass outer surface.
iii) Do they form if there is no ice in the glass?
Answer:
No. It does not form any water drops if there is no ice in the glass.

Activity – 7

Drought & Water Scarcity. (Page No. 40)
7. i) What will happen if rainfall this year is less than last year?
Answer:
If rainfall this year is less than last year, it may cause less production of crop yield, depletion of water levels, water scarcity and the atmospheric temperature raises.

ii) What would happen if there was no rainfall for five years?
Answer:

• If there was no rainfall for five years its cause drought.
• All the water sources are dried up.
• There will be no vegetation, animals die due to lack of fodder.
• The soil will be getting dried and cracked.
• Drinking water scarce.

iii) What could be the possible reason for water scarcity in a particular place?
Answer:

• Water scarcity may be caused by climate change due to deforestation and pollution from industries.
• Less amount of rainfall for so many years leads to water scarcity.

iv) What problems can rise due to water scarcity in a particular place?
Answer:

• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.
• Drinking water is scarce.
• People need to travel long distances to collect water.
• Soil becomes dry, agriculture and cultivation become difficult.
• People migrate to other places in search of jobs.

Activity – 8

8. Drought affects our life: (Page No. 41)
Read the letter and answer the following questions.
Dear Firoz,
I hope you are fine there. Nowadays, we are facing severe problems due to drought. For the last five years, we have no rains. All our fields have dried and there are cracks in them’ We fail to grow any crop. My father invested money on bore wells with no results. Now we get water, after a great struggle from the bore-well which is five kilometres from our village. The days have become very bad. Several people have sold their cattle and migrated to Hyderabad and Bengaluru. My family also wants to do so. I request you to ask your parents to search for a job for my father at your place. My father may have been a well-known, rich farmer here but he is willing to do any kind of job there.

Your loving friend
Ramanna

i) What problems did Ramanna face?
Answer:

• Ramanna faced severe problems due to drought.
• Fields are dried and cannot grow a crop.
• Borewells are dried and water scarcity is there.
• People collect water from far away to their village.
• People are migrated to cities to search a job.

ii) How can Firoz help him?
Answer:
Firoz father can search a job for Ramanna’s father to escape from the crucial drought conditions.

iii) What will happen if a farmer grows a crop that required more water in drought-prone districts?
If a farmer grows a crop that required more water in a drought area,

• It leads to water scarcity.
• it increases the investment of the crop.
• it reduces the groundwater level.
• it makes it more expensive to dig deep wells.
• moreover, it is a hot condition so the crops do not give a good yield.

iv) What will happen to the source of groundwater when we constantly dug several bore wells?

• The groundwater level is decreased more and more.
• To get the water farmers to need to dig deep bore wells which are expensive.
• If it continues for some time the bore wells will be dried up.

Activity – 9

Floods a natural hazard. (Page No. 33)
Observe the picture and answer the following questions.

i) What does the picture tell us?
Answer:
It tells us about the floods.

ii) Does excessive rainfall in certain areas of our country lead to such a condition?
Answer:
Yes. Recently we saw this situation in Madras, Kerala and Mumbai.

iii) Are there any reasons that can lead to this situation?
Answer:
Climatic changes, pollution, deforestation, El Nino etc. are some factors for this situation.

iv) Have you ever faced or heard about the flood? Write about your experiences.
Answer:
Yes. I heard about the floods named Hud hud in 2014 and Tithli in 2018.

• A powerful Titli cyclone tore into coastal areas of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh with winds of up to 150 km/h.
• About 3 lakh people have been evacuated from low lying districts in Odisha.
• Roads are blocked and power supply has been lost in many areas.
• There is a shortage of drinking water in many areas.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 The Food we Need Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 1st Lesson The Food we Need

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Salt is obtained from …………..
Answer:
seawater.
2. The materials which are required to prepare food are known as …………..
Answer:
ingredients.
3. We use ………….. to preserve food for some time.
Answer:
preservatives.
4. Eating foods after the expiry date may damage our …………..
Answer:
health.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The method of preparing idly is
A) Roasting
B) Fermentation
C) Steaming
D) Boiling
Answer:
C) Steaming

2. The source of sugar is
A) Plant
B) Animal
C) Sea
D) All of these
Answer:
A) Plant

Matching.
Group-A                                           Group-B
A) Raagulu             ( )                   1. Pearl millet
B) Sajjalu                ( )                   2. Proso millet
G) Jonnalu             ( )                   3. Foxtail millet
D) Korralu              ( )                    4. Finger millet
E) Samalu               ( )                   5. Great millet
Answer:
Group-A                                              Group-B
A) Raagulu             ( 4 )                   1. Pearl millet
B) Sajjalu                ( 1 )                   2. Proso millet
G) Jonnalu             ( 5 )                   3. Foxtail millet
D) Korralu              ( 3 )                    4. Finger millet
E) Samalu               ( 2 )                   5. Great millet

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Write some: examples of animal and plant materials.
Answer:
Plant food materials: Grains, cereals, vegetables, leafy vegetables and fruits.
Animal food materials: Meat, egg, milk and honey.

Question 2.
Find out the ingredients of the given food items.
a) Potato curry
b) Coconut chutney
c) Gulab jamun
d) Pongal
Answer:

Sl.No	Food item	Ingredients
1.	Potato curry	Potato, onion, chillies, salt, oil.
2.	Coconut chutney	Coconut, chillies, oil, salt, tamarind.
3.	Gulab jamun	Jamun mix, water, oil, sugar, cardamom.
4.	Pongali	Rice, jaggery, water, cardamom, cashew, kismis

Question 3.
How does food get spoilt? Write its effects on human health.
Answer:

• If the food is not preserved properly, it can be attacked by germs and get spoiled.
• Eating of such spoiled food causes food poison.
• Eating such poisonous food causes abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, etc.
• And sometimes it also leads to death.

Question 4.
If you have a chance to meet a chef, what questions you will ask about preparing tasty food?
Answer:

• What is the cheapest and healthiest food to eat?
• When you are preparing the food, are you add colours to it?
• Which ingredients do you add to give an extra flavour to the food?
• In the preparation of sweets which ingredients are preferred to add taste to it?

Question 5.
Write down the process of making any food item, which you like.
Answer:

• I like the food item vegetable rice.
• Ingredients required for vegetable rice: Rice, onion, tomato, green peas, carrot, cinnamon cloves, turmeric powder, garam masala powder, chilli powder, coriander leaves, oil, ghee, salt and water.

Procedure:

• Wash rice and soak it for 10 to 15 minutes.
• Place a cooker on the flame. Pour two spoons of ghee and oil in it.
• Add cinnamon, clove and onion and heat it until it turns brown.
• Add chopped tomato, green peas, and carrot.
• Stir-and fry them for two or three minutes.
• Add soaked rice, garam masala powder, turmeric powder red chilli powder and salt.
• Stir and fry them for 2 or 3 minutes.
• Add 1 or 2 cup of water and mix well.
• Close the cooker with lid and cook over medium flame for 2 whistles.
• Turn off the flame. Let it cool at room temperature.
• Open the lid carefully and transfer it to a serving bowl and garnish with fresh coriander leaves.

Question 6.
Draw some fruits and vegetable diagrams which you like.
Answer:
Student Activity

Question 7.
Prepare slogans on “Wastage of Food”.
Answer:

• Food is precious – Don’t waste food.
• Think for those who are hungry before throwing your food into the dustbin.
• Conserve food so that no one dies out of hunger.
• Today’s wastage is tomorrow’s shortage.

Question 8.
Suppose fish / raw mango/lemons are given to you, how would you preserve them?
Answer:

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need InText Questions and Answers

Think and Discuss

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 9

Question 1.
Now a days, we see lot of food getting wasted in all places. Food wastage is happening in our houses, schools and other places (Hostels, Hotels…etc,.) on daily and special occasions. What are the ways to avoid wastage of food ? Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:

1. We should use up the left over food in the next day.
2. By preparing sufficient quantities of food during functions and marriages.
3. We should read the labels of the food products to know the date of manufacture and expiry.
4. Be quickly on fruits and vegetables.

Question 2.
Does everyone around you get enough food to eat? If not, why?
Answer:

1. No. So many people are not getting enough food to live.
2. Food is not produced enough to meet the needs of overgrowing population.
3. Many people are ignoring the importance of food. They are wasting the food by cooking in large quantities and throwing away during functions even in our day to day life.
4. Food is very precious – Don’t waste it.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Collect any wrapper of packaged food. Read the information in detail and answer the following questions.
a) When was it manufactured and how long can we use it?
b) What ingredients does it contain? name them.
Answer:
a) Name of the packaged food: Britannia 50 : 50
Date of manufacturing: 19 April 2020
How long can we use it: Best before six months from packaging
b) Ingredients it contained:

Ingredients	Value per 100g
Carbohydrates	60
Sugars	10
Protein	7
Fat	26
Mono unsaturated fatty acids	10.2
Poly unsaturated fatty acids	2.7
Cholesterol	4
Energy	502 cal

Question 2.
List out the names of some plants that grow in your village. Which parts of it are used as food?
Answer:

Plant	Part useful as food
Banana	Fruits, flowers
Mango	Fruits
Spinach	Leaves
Coriander	Leaves
Sugarcane	Stem
Onion	Stem
Rice	Seeds
Cauli flower	Flower
Mint	Leaves
Brinjal	Fruit
Gongura	Leaves
„ Carrot	Root

Question 3.
With the help of your teacher form groups of 5 or 6 students of your class. Make a fruit chat or vegetable salad and eat it. How did you feel? Write few lines about your experience.
Answer:

• With the help of our teacher all of our classmates were divided into 5 groups.
• To make a fruit salad we collected fruits like papaya, grapes, pineapple, mangoes, apple, banana and orange.
• We chopped all the fruits and mixed them in a bowl.
• We added Honey and fresh orange juice and lemon juice two or three spoons to the mixed fruits.
• Now all the contents are mixed well with spoon.
• Our friends tasted the fruit salad.
• We felt very tasty as its mixture of different fruits pieces.
• The taste of salad is sweet, sour and juicy.

Question 4.
Find out from your parents about the various methods of preserving food and write notes on it.
Answer:
I collected the different methods of preserving food from my parents, as given below.

Method of preservation	Food items
Smoking	Fish and meat
Salting	Fish, Amla
Drying	Grains, appadalu, vadiyalu
Canning	Grains
Freezing	Vegetables and fruits
Mixing	Making pickles
Adding sugar syrup	Fruits and dry fruits
Pasteurization	Milk

• Food preservation prevents the growth of the microorganisms which causes food spoilage.
• More processes designed to preserve food involve more than one food preservation method.
• Preserving fruit by turning into jam, involves boiling to reduce the moisture in the
  fruits and sugaring to prevent re-growth of organisms and canning to prevent contamination in air tight jar.

Question 5.
Collect information about the main food habits of different states of India. Refer in your school, library books and discuss with your teacher and write a report on it.
Answer:
People of different states in India have different types of food habits because of different climatic and geographical conditions, and natural vegetation.

Region /State	Food habits
Andhra Pradesh	Rice, curry, milk, idli, dosa, etc.
Telangana	Rice, curry, milk, idli, dosa, etc.
Karnataka	Jowar and wheat roti, ragi mudda, spicy curries.
Kerala	Staple food with coconut flavoured food items.
Gujarath	Thali, roti, dal, rice.
Maharashtra	Roti, kurma, pani purl.
Punjab	Roti, chapathi, kurma.
Odisha	Rice and curry.

Question 6.
Collect information regarding ‘our traditional food’ from your grandparents.
Answer:

• The cooking is very diverse due to the vast spread of the people and varied tropical regions in A.P.
• Rice, Dal, Tomato, Gongura, and Tamarind are largely used for cooking curries.
• Spicy and hot varieties such as pickles form an important part of Telugu cuisine.
• Different communities have their own variations and the rural areas still follow the centuries-old cooking habits and recipes.
• Idly, dosa, poori and curd rice with onion is the famous varieties as the breakfast dishes.
• Broad varieties of pickles are used for preserving some of the vegetables and fruits throughout the year.
• Pakodi, janthikalu, pea snacks (guggillu), bajji are used as snacks.
• Sweets and savories form an important part of Telugu culture made on festive and auspicious occasions.

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need Activities

Activity – 1

1. Look at the following food items in the stall: (Page No. 2)

Write the names of the above food items in the table given below.

Answer:

Activity – 2

What did we eat? (Page No. 3)

2. What did you eat Yesterday? Make a list. Ask your classmates what they ate yesterday and write in the table.

S.No.	Name of the Student	Food Eaten
1.	Keerthana	Dosa, Chutney
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:
Yes. Yesterday I ate the following items.
a) Breakfast – Milk and egg
b) Lunch – Rice, Dal, Brinjal curry, Rasam, curd
c) Evening – Biscuits and fruits
d) Dinner- Rice, potato curry, curd.

S.No.	Name of the Student	Food Eaten
1	Keerthana	Dosa & chutney, rice, dal, vegetables, curd.
2	Ravi	Idli, chutney, rice, vegetables, egg.
3	Ashok	Chapathi, potato, rice, sambar, curd rice.
4	Ruksana	Bread, omlet, rice, tomato curry, curd.
5	Jani	Idli, coconut chutney, biryani, chicken, milk

i) Did all the students eat the same type of food?
Answer:
No. The students did not eat the same type of food.
ii) Are there any common food items in the above list?
Answer:
Yes. Rice, dal, egg, milk, vegetables, curd are the common food items in the above list.
iii) Prepare menu chart of the food served for a week during mid-day meal in your school?

Day	Menu
Monday	Rice, Sambar, egg curry, Groundnut chikki
Tuesday	Pulihora. Tomato Dal, Boiled egg
Wednesday	Vegetable rice, Kurma, Boiled egg, Groundnut chikki
Thursday	Kichidi, Tomato chutney, Boiled egg
Friday	Rice, Leafy vegetable Dal, boiled egg, Chikki
Saturday	Rice, Sambar, Sweet pongal

We take different types of food every day. But some food items like rice, dal and vegetables are common. On special occasions, we eat a variety of food items. What are the food items made of?
Answer:
On special occasions we eat a variety of food items. They are Pulihora, Pongal, Payasam, Garelu, Poornalu, Daddhojanam, Vundarallu. Pulagannam, etc.

Activity – 3

Food Ingredients. (Page No. 4)

3. List out some food items and mention the ingredients required to prepare them in the table given below.

S.No.	Food items	Required ingredients
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer:

S.No.	Food items	Required ingredients
1.	Pulihora	Rice, Tamarind, Mustard seeds, Oil, Curry leaves, Groundnut, Salt, Turmeric powder.
2.	Tomato curry	Tomato, Onion, Chillies, Oil, Salt, Mustard seeds, Turmeric powder.
3.	Idli	Black gram, Rice rawa, Water, Salt.
4.	Aloo kurma	Potato, Oil, Salt, Chilli powder, Garam masala, Ginger and Garlic paste, Turmeric powder.

a) Some food items and its ingredients have been listed below. Write the source of each ingredient in table. (Page No. 5)

Answer:

b) Write the names of the edible parts of the plant in the table – 5.  (Page No. 6)

S.No.	Name of the Plant	Parts that we eat
1.	Mango	Fruit
2.	Mint (Pudina)
3.	Sugar Cane
4.	Potato
5.	Onion
6.	Cauliflower
7.	Groundnut
8.	Tomato
9.	Rice
10.	Greengram
11.	Cabbage
12.	Apple

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the Plant	Parts that we eat
1.	Mango	Fruit
2.	Mint (Pudina)	Leaves
3.	Sugar Cane	Stem
4.	Potato	Stem (tuber)
5.	Onion	Stem (bulb)
6.	Cauliflower	Flower
7.	Groundnut	Seeds
8.	Tomato	Fruit
9.	Rice	Seeds
10.	Greengram	Seeds
11.	Cabbage	Leaves
12.	Apple	Fruit

i) Which part of the plants do we generally eat?
Answer:
Leaves, roots, seeds and fruits of plants are generally we eat. Stems and flowers are not so widely used.

ii) Do we also use flowers as food?
Answer:
Yes, we use flowers as food. Banana flower, Cauliflower, etc.

c) Write the food items opposite to each of the process in the table – 6.  (Page No. 7)

Answer:

S.No.	Method of Preparing Food	Food Items
1.	Boiling	Rice, Dal, Eggs, Potato
2.	Steaming	Idli, Kudumu, Cake
3.	Fermentation	Bread, Jilebi, Cake
4.	Roasting	Chicken, Meat, Fish
5.	Cutting and mixing	Lemon pickle, Mango pickle
6.	Deep frying	Fish, Chicken, Potato chips, Vadiyalu, Appadalu
7.	Microwaving	Chicken tandoori, Cake, Biscuits

Activity – 4

Preparation of Upma. (Page No. 7)

Aim: To prepare upma
What yoy need (Ingredients): Upma rawa, onion, green chillies, oil, tomato, salt, water, mustard seeds, curry leaves, pan, etc.
What to do? (Procedure):

• Chop the clean vegetables into pieces.
• Place a pan on the flame.
• Pour 3 spoons of oil and add mustard seeds, onions, chillies, chopped vegetables and fry them.
• Pour sufficient water and add salt to it.
• Let it boil for sometime.

Then add rawa when the water gets boiled. Stir it well.
What do you see? (Observation) :After a few minutes it becomes thick, the tasty upma is ready.
What do you learn? Using different ingredients, we can make tasty upma.

i) Preparation of Tomato Curry:
Answer:

1. Clean all the vegetables in water and chop them into pieces.
2. Place a pan on a flame.
3. Pour three spoons of oil. When oil becomes hot, put one spoon full of mustard, black gram and jeera.
4. Then add green and red chilli pieces and put a pinch of turmeric powder.
5. Half a minute later add pieces of onion and tomato.
6. Then add some salt and close the lid. After five minutes the curry is ready.

Activity – 5

Let us store food. (Page No. 8)

5. Ask your parents the other ways of preserving the food follow and fill the table given below.

Answer:

S.No.	Types of Preservatives	Examples
1.	Adding Salt, Chilli Powder & Oil	Pickles, Chicken
2.	Adding only Salt	Fish and mango
3.	Adding Sugar Syrup	Fruits, Amla, Jams
4.	Honey	Dry fruits, Amla, Jams
5.	Freezing	Fish, Meat, Vegetables
6.	Drying under sun	Fish, Meat, Vadiyalu, Appadalu

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Let us Measure Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 7th Lesson Let us Measure

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.
1. Millimetre is a unit for measuring ——–.
A. length
2. For measuring long distances we use ——– as a unit.
A. kilometre
3. The measure of the extent of a plane surface occupied by an object is called ——–.
A. area

Choose the Correct Answer.
1. The smallest distance that you can measure with a centimetre scale is [ B ]
A) Centimetre
B) Millimetre
C) Metre
D) Micro Metre
Answer:
B) Millimetre

2. Volume of solids is measured in [ C ]
A) Metres
B) Square Metres
C) Cubic Metres
D) Centimetres
Answer:
C) Cubic Metres

3. this is used to measure the area of a irregular plane surface [ B ]
A) Thread
B) Graph paper
C) Measuring Cylinder
D) Scale
Answer:
B) Graph paper

Answer the Following Questions.
1. A school hall measures 20 m in length and 15 m in breadth. Find its area.
Answer:
The length of hall (L) = 20 m
The breadth of hall (B) = 15 m
The area of hall = l × b
= 20 m × 15 m = 300 m² = 300 sq. m.

2. Ramu’s father had a rectangular plot of length 60 ft. and breadth 50 ft. He built a house occupyinglength 40 ft. ofthepoltand breadth 40 ft. and in the remaining area he planted a garden. Can you help Ramu to find out the area of his garden?
Answer:
The Area of Rectangular plot A = L1 × B1 Here L1 = 60ft, B1 = 50ft
A1 = L1 × B1 = 60ft × 50ft = 3000 square feet.
The Area of house A2 = L2 × B2 Here L2 = 40ft, B2 = 40ft A2 = L2 × B2 = 40ft × 40ft = 1600 square feet
The remaining area A3 = A1 – A2 = 3000 – 1600 = 1400s feet A3 = 14 × B2 = 40ft × 40ft = 1600 square feet
The remaining area A3 = A1 – A2 = 3000 – 1600 = 1400s feet A3 = 1400 Square feet.
So the area planned for garden = 1400 square feet.

3. What questions do you ask a mason to know how he is taking measurements while constructing the building?
Answer:

• What is the instrument used to measure the length and breadth of an area?
• How many bricks we need to build a wall?
• How much cement and sand we have to mix to prepare concrete?
• What is the instrument used to break the bricks?

4. How can you measure the thickness of a metal wire? Explain?
Answer:

• Take a metal wire and a pencil.
• Coil the metal wire around the pencil.
• Now measure the length of metal wire by using a scale.
• Divide this with coils of metal wire around pencil. Then we get the thickness of a metal wire.

5. How can you measure the length of a banana? Explain?
Answer:

• The length of a banana can measure by a common scale.
• Take a 30 cm long scale.
• Keep the banana on a scale, and note the two ends on scale.
• Remove banana and count the centimeters.

6. How can you measure the area of your palm using graph paper? Explain.
Answer:

• Take a graph paper and place your hand on it.
• Draw an outline of your palm by using a pencil.
• Remove your hand and you can find an outline of your hand on the graph paper.
• Now count the number of complete squares inside the boundary of palm:
• Then count the squares which are half or greater than half as a full square.
• The squares which are less than half are to be neglected on graph papers.
• If there are ‘n’ squares in the boundary, then the area of palm becomes ‘n’ cm²
• This process gives us the value of area of a palm.

7. A carpenter who makes wooden furniture, needs accuracy in measurements. Do you ever notice how he measures? How would you appreciate him?
Answer:

• The carpenters takes measurements with a metal tape.
• He takes measurements very accurately and nearest to a millimeters.
• As he is a practical worker he has to take correct measurment. If any wrong measure-ment is taken it will affect the furniture that he is making.
• So the carpenters put his mind and concentration on the measurements as his quality of work depends on these measurements.
• Otherwise it will be loss of time and money.

8. The distance between numbers in a clock is accurately the same. List out the things that you observe in your surroundings with accurate distance between them.
Answer:

• The distance between the kilometer stones on the road is same.
• The radius between front and back wheels of cycles, scooters is exactly same.
• The distance between wings of fan is also same etc.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 82

Question 1.
Measure the volume of “Kalakanda ” (sugar crystal) and piece of “Patika ” (alum). Record your measurements.
Answer:

• The volume of Kalakanda and Patika are measured by taking kerosene in the measuring cylinder.
• The measurements are recorded in the table.
  

  Name of the Student	Volume of Kalakanda	Volume of Patika
  RAMESH	30 CC	40 CC
  VENKAT	28.5 CC	42.1 CC
  GEETHA	27.6 CC	41.8 CC
  SHAHEENA	25.1 CC	42.7 CC

• All the volumes of Kalakanda measured by students are not equal.
• All the volumes of Patika measured by the students are not equal.
  There is parallax error in observing the readings by the students. So there is small variation in their readings.

Question 2.
Make a visit to panchayat office and collect information how VRO measures areas of agricultural lands in your village. Prepare a questionnaire for this.
Answer:

• Areas of agricultural lands are not measured with the measuring instruments known to us.
• They use chains and the measurement is made in links.
• As the measurements involves large distance, VRO uses chains to measure.

QUESTIONNAIRE:

• Why do not you use tape for measurement?
• What is the advantage of using a chain?
•  Do you get accurate measurement with chain?
• Can we use meter scale to measure the length of a place?
• How many links we need to measure 1 acre of land?

Question 3.
Collect any invitation card with envelope. Find out the difference between measurements of card and cover. Write down the process that you follow.
Answer:

• 1. Measurements of covers:
  Length of cover L1 = 25 cm; Breadth of cover B1 = 20 cm
• 2. Measurements of card:
  Length of card L2 = 23 cm; Breadth of card B2 = 17 cm
• The lengths and breadths of cover and card are measured with the scale.
• The card suitable fits in the cover.

Question 4.
Try to imagine the area of CD, sim card, the mobile phone then find out the area of the above by using graph paper. Compare the values of your guess with graph paper measurement. Which thing is closely related to your guess?
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure Activities

Activity – 1

Measuring Lengths. (Page No. 71)

1. Measure the length of one side of a table using your hand-span (Fig. ).

Ask your classmates to do the same. Record the length of the table in terms of a number of handspans in the given table:

S.No.	Name of the Student	Name of Hand Spans
1.	RAMA RAO	6
2.	MAHESH	7
3.	RAJIYA	8
4.	GAYATHRI	8
5.	DAVID	9

i) Do all of you get the same number of handspans for the length of the table?
Answer:
No. I got different number of hand-spans for the length of the table.

ii) Who got more number of hand-spans?
Answer:
David got more number of hand-spans.

iii) Why is there a difference in number of hand spans, though you measured the same table?
Answer:

1. Hand spans size is differ from person to person and also from child’s to adults.
2. The students who have little hand spans take more number in measurements.

iv) Now find the length of your classroom using your foot-span. Enter your observations in terms of number of foot-spans in the given table:
Answer:

S.No.	Name of the Student	Number of Foot Spans
1.	SAI RAM	21
2.	YESUBABU	22
3.	S1THA	24
4.	RIHANA	23
5.	PAVAN	26

v) Is the number of foot-spans same when different students measure the length of the same classroom?
Answer:
No, foot spans are different.

vi) Who got the most number of foot spans? Why?
Answer:
Pavan got more number of foot spans, because whose foot span are little, so, he got more number of foot spans.

vii) Who got the least number of foot spans? Why?
Answer:
Sai Ram got least number of foot spans because he has long foot span.

Activity – 2

2. How do you measure the height of your classmate using a meter scale? (Page No. 74)
Answer:
Ask your classmate to stand with his/her back against a wall.
Make a mark on the wall exactly above his/her head.
Now measure the distance, from the floor to this mark on the wall, with a scale.
Let all other students measure this length in a similar way. Record your observations in your notebook.
i) Study carefully the measurements reported by different students. Do you all have the same readings of measurements?
Answer:
No, the measurements are different.

ii) If not, what could be the reason for the differences?
Answer:
Though the measurement was done using a standard scale, results may be close to each other but not exactly equal. The difference in reading is due to some errors in measurement.

Activity – 3

3. How do you measure the thickness of coins? (Page No. 76)
Answer:

• Take about 10 one rupee coins of the same size and place them one upon the other as shown in the figure.
  
• Measure the total thickness with a scale and then divide it by the number of coins to get the thickness of one coin.

Activity – 4

4. How do you find the length of a curved path? (Page No. 76)
Answer:

• Fix pins at the ends of curved line to be measured as shown in figure.
  
• Now tie a knot with cotton thread at the first point ‘A of the pin A and move the cotton thread along with points B, C, D, E etc.
• Care should be taken that the thread is neither too tight nor too lose and see that the thread coincides with the curve at each point while moving along the path.
• When the thread reaches the extreme end of the curved path cut it at that point.
• Remove the thread from A and then place it straight along the length of a meter scale and measure its length.
• The length of the thread is the measure of the length of the curved path.

Activity – 5

5. Can you decide which is the bigger and which is the smaller sheet by observing them? If not, what method do you adopt to decide the bigger one or smaller one? (Page No. 76)
Answer:

• Take two sheets of A4 paper and cut them in the shapes of shown in Figure.
  
• Now take some empty matchboxes of equal size and keep them on the sheet.
• Starting from one corner of the sheet, count how many matchboxes are needed to cover the entire surface of the sheet.
• Similarly repeat the process for the second sheet also and record the findings in your notebooks.
• Which sheet needs more number of matchboxes? Which is bigger in size?
• You may find that one of the sheets needs more number of matchboxes which shows that one sheet is bigger in size than the other.
• Thus, we need to measure the surface of an object to decide whether it is bigger or smaller.
• Area is the measure of the extent of plane surface occupied by an object.
• With this activity, a matchbox is taken as a unit to measure area but it is not a standard unit. We need a standard unit to measure the area.

Activity – 6

Measurement of irregular plane surface: (Page No. 78)

6. How do you find the area of an irregular plane surface (a leaf)?
Answer:

• Let us find out the area of a surface, say a banana peel or a leaf, which has an irregular shape.
• Place the leaf on graph paper. Mark the boundary of the piece of leaf on the graph paper with a pencil.
• Now remove the leaf to find the outline or boundary of the leaf on graph paper.
• Count the number of complete squares (each of 1 cm² area) inside the boundary.
• Also count those squares, inside the boundary, which are half or greater than half. Add this to the number of complete squares.
• This total number of squares inside the boundary gives the area of the leaf. If there are ‘n’ squares inside the boundary, the area of the leaf becomes n cm².
• Neglect those squares, inside the boundary, which are less than half.
• This process will gives us the value of area which is close to the actual area.

Activity – 7

7. How do you measure the volume of irregular solids using a measuring cylinder? (Page No. 80)
Answer:

• Take a measuring cylinder and fill almost half of it with water.
  Record the volume of water.
• Let us assume it is “a” cm³ (or “a” ml).
  
• Now tie a small irregular solid (stone) with a fine cotton thread.
• Put the solid gently into the water in the cylinder so that it is completely immersed in water.
• We notice that the level of water in the measuring cylinder rises as the stone displaces water equal to its own volume.
• Record the new volume of water. Let us assume that it is “b” ml.
• Now the volume of stone will be the difference between the second volume and the first volume i.e volume of the stone = (b – a) cm³.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define herbivores.
Answer:
The animals which feed on only plants and plant products is called herbivores.

Question 2.
Define carnivores.
Answer:
The animals that feed on only animals are called carnivores.

Question 3.
Define omnivores.
Answer:
The animals that feed on both plants and animals are known as omnivores.

Question 4.
What are frugivorous animals?
Answer:
The animals feed mostly on raw fruits, succulent fruits like vegetables, roots,, shoots, nuts and seeds are called frugivorous animals.

Question 5.
In which animals are common in frugivorous animals?
Answer:
Mammalian herbivores are frugivorous animals commonly.

Question 6.
What are the senses used by animals to track food?
Answer:
Animals use a wide range of senses to track food such as – smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch.

Question 7.
Which parts in the animal’s body are used to collect the food?
Answer:
Many animals use the parts in their body such as mouth,- hands, or feet-, teeth, claws, and tongue to collect the food.

Question 8.
Give examples of animals that use the visionary sense to find its food.
Answer:
Vulture and eagle use their visionary sense to find their food.

Question 9.
Give examples of animals use the sense of touch to find their food.
Answer:
Spiders and pond skaters use the sense of touch to find their food.

Question 10.
What are pond skaters?
Answer:
Pond skaters are the insects that lives on the surface of the pond and feed op other insects at the pond.

Question 11.
Name some animals which use the tongue as a tool for taking food.
Answer:
Frog, lizard, dog, chameleon, echidna etc.

Question 12.
Which part helps the leech to lake food in?
Answer:
Suckers in the mouth help the leech to take food in.

Question 13.
Name the birds which have strongly hooked beak, and long beak?
Answer:
Strongly hooked beak – Vulture.
Long beek- Crane.

Question 14.
How the hummingbird takes its food?
Answer:
Hummingbird sucks nectar from the flowers with its long thin beak.

Question 15.
What is the similarity do you find in the duck teeth and fish teeth?
Answer:
Duck teeth and fish teeth act as filters to get food from the water.

Question 16.
Which parts of a cow’s mouth involved in eating its food?
Answer:
Jaws, teeth, and tongue are involved in eating its food.

Question 17.
Give examples for natural scavengers.
Answer:
Crows, Vultures are examples for natural scavengers.

Question 18.
Which parts help the wild animals for hunting?
Answer:
Wild animals like tiger and lion has strong legs to run, sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear flesh.

Question 19.
Which animals have a similar mechanism as frogs to get in food?
Answer:
Lizard and chameleon have a similar mechanism to get their food.
These animals use their tongue as a tool to pick its food.

Question 20.
What is a food chain?
Answer:
The feeding relationship between different organisms in a particular habitat is called food chain.

Question 21.
Define food web.
Answer:
A food web is the natural interconnection of food Chains in a particular habitat.

Question 22.
How can you say that ants are good farmers also?
Answer:

• The ants cut leaves into pieces and create a bed to grow a type of fungus which they eat.
• As they cultivate a fungus, they are said be good farmers also.

Question 23.
What are producers? Give examples.
Answer:
Producers are organisms that make their own food. Ex: All plants.

Question 24.
What is a primary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A primary consumer is an organism that feeds on producers for their energy. Ex: Deer, Cow, Goat.

Question 25.
What is a secondary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A secondary consumer is an organism that feeds on the primary consumer for energy. Ex: Hen, Wolf, Fox, Fish

Question 26.
What is a tertiary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A tertiary consumer is an organism that feeds on a secondary consumer. Ex: Tiger, Lion.

Question 27.
What are decomposers? Give examples.
Answer:
Decomposers are an organism that breakdown dead or decaying organisms. Ex: Bacteria, Fungi.

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How can you say that animals use some senses more strongly than the others?
Answer:

• Animals use different senses to find out their food.
• They are – smell, touch, hearing, sight and taste.
• For example, dogs use the sense of smell, while vulture use vision.
• Bats depends on hearing, while some reptiles on taste.

Question 2.
How the pond skaters found their food?
Answer:

• Pond skaters are insectivorous as they eat insects.
• Pond skaters detect ripples produced in water by other insects.
• They compare the ripples on the opposite sides of the pond caused by the legs of the insect struggling to move out.
• Pond skater calculate the distance and set out to grab it.

Question 3.
“The same part may be used in different ways by different animals. How can you support this?
Answer:

• The same part of animals used by different ways by different animals.
• Ex: Tongue used by dog in a different manner as compared to frog.
• The dog licks with its tongue while the frog captures and swallows it.

Question 4.
“Different parts may be used to take in the same type of food. ” How can you agree with this statement?
Answer:

• The same type of food is taken by different animals by using their different body parts.
• Ex: Insects are the food for hen and frog, but the body parts are different to take in.
  Hens use their beak to pick insects, while frogs use their tongue to grab the insect into the mouth.

Question 5.
How leeches get their food?
Answer:

• We will find leeches near water.
• Leeches stick on to the skin and suck the blood of cattle as well as humans.
• They have special structures called suckers in their mouth.
• With the help of sucker, the suck the blood from the animal.

Question 6.
How is the shape of bird’s beak related to what it eats?
Answer:

• The beaks are different because the birds eat different kind of food.
• The shape of bird’s beak is designed for eating a particular type of food such as seeds, fruits, insects, nectar, fishes and other small animals.

Question 7.
What is the speciality duck beak than other birds?
Answer:

• Ducks are mostly aquatic birds.
• Ducks have teeth, but they are not like the teeth of a cow or lion.
• They are not useful in grinding food.
• They act as filters: to get food from water.

Question 8.
How do animals eat?
Answer:

• Plants and animals are the main sources of food in our surroundings.
• Every animal has its own style of getting food.
• They track down, collect, grab or hunt to get their food.
• They use the various parts of the body to take food into the mouth finally.

Question 9.
How does a frog get its food?
Answer:

• Frog eat bugs, spiders, larvae and small fish etc.
• The frog throws out its sticky tongue towards the art insect.
• The insect gets stuck on the frog’s tongue.
• Then the frog swallows it.

Question 10.
How does a cow get its food?
Answer:

• Cow depend on plants for food, so it is an herbivore.
• Cows chew the food quickly and swallows and store it in a part of their stomach.
• After sometime, they take food material back from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again.
• This process is called rumination. In this process jaws, tongue, teeth are involved.

Question 11.
Write about rumination?
Answer:

• Rumination is a process in which the animals bring the previously consumed food into the mouth once again and chew it.
• It is also defined as the action of chewing.
• This process is commonly seen in the animals such as cattle, sheep, goat, deer, camel, buffalo, giraffes.
• Jaws, tongue, teeth are involved in this process.

Question 12.
How a dog gets its food?
Answer:

• Dog is an omnivorous animal.
• It senses the food with smell.
• Mouth, teeth, tongue, legs, nails are involved in taking the food.
• The dog licks water with its tongue and drink it.

Question 13.
Distinguish the difference between food chain and food web.
Answer:

Food chain	Food web
1. It is a single path of energy flow in an ecosystem.	1. It is a multiple paths of energy flow in an ecosystem.
2. It is a feeding relationship between  different organisms in a particular habitat.	2. It is an inter connection of food chains in a particular habitat.
3. It can be represented in a straight line.	3. It is branched structure with several food chains.

Question 14.
What is the importance of decomposers in a food chain?
Answer:

• Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.
• Decomposers break down dead plants and animals.
• They return the nutrients into the soil for other organisms to use.
• They help in the cycling of materials between producers, consumers, and soil.

Question 15.
What are the similarities and differences found in the birds’ duck and crane?
Answer:

• Duck and crane both are aquatic birds.
• Duck and crane use their beaks to catch the fish.
• The crane has a long beak to catch the fish in the water.
• The duck beak is broad and flat and has teeth. The teeth act as filters to get food from the water.

Question 16.
How the beak of a crow differs from the beak of a parrot?
Answer:

• Parrot and crow both are omnivorous animals that eat both plants and animals.
• The parrot has a hooked bill to eat fruits and crack the nuts.
• It is also used for climbing as well as manipulating and crushing objects.
• The crow has a large strong beak to eat fruits, seeds, insects, fishes, and other small animals.

Question 17.
What are natural scavengers? What it’s importance in nature?
Answer:

• Scavengers are the organisms that feed on the dead and decaying matter.
• these help the environment to be clean by eating out all the waste matter.
• They keep our surroundings clean in this manner.
• Ex: Crows, vultures, and some insects.

Question 18.
What is the difference between producers and consumers?
Answer:

Producers	Consumers
1. Producers make their own food.	1. Consumers depends on plants and animals for their food.
2. Producers get energy from sunlight to prepare the food.	2. Consumers get energy from producers or from other consumers.
3. Plants are producers.	3. Animals are consumers.

Question 19.
Draw a neat diagram of the beaks of a parrot and eagle.
Answer:

Question 20.
Draw a neat diagram of the beaks of duck and sparrow.
Answer:

Question 21.
Draw a schematic diagram showing the energy flow in a food chain.
Answer:

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write any four birds and their food habits and their beak types in a tabular form.
Answer:

Bird name	Beak	Feed on
Woodpecker	Long and strong beak	Ants and pest
Crane	Long beak	Fish
Vulture	Strong hooked beak	Flesh of animals
Parrot	Hooked beak	Fruits and nuts

Question 2.
Collect the information from the library or internet about the examples of animals and what their colonies are called?
Answer:
Group of birds – Folk
Honey bees colony – Beehive
Group of grasshopper – Locust
Group of camels – Caravan
Elephant colony – A parade
Leopard colony – A leap
Tiger colony – Ambush
Kangaroo colony – Mob
Lions colony – A pride
Owls colony – A parliament

Question 3.
Write a note on the wonderful world of ants.
Answer:

• Ants are social insects, which means they lice in a group or colony by sharing works.
• Ant colonies are highly organized, usually ruled by a single queen ant.
• In a colony the ants are categorized as workers, soldiers, female and male ants.
• The workers collect and maintain food stock for others in the colony along with several other duties.
• Ants kept a type of insect called aphid for honeydew.
• Ants are good farmers as well.
• They cut leaves into pieces and create a bed to grow a type of fungus that they eat.

Question 4.
What are the levels of the food chain? Describe.
Answer:
There are four levels in a food chain. They are:

1. Producers: The first level of the food chain. They make their own food and provide food to all other organisms.
2. Primary consumers: This is the second level of the food chain. They depend on producers for food. They include herbivores such as insects, rabbits, cows etc.
3. Secondary consumers: This is the third level of the food chain. They depend on primary consumers for their food. They include carnivores such as birds, frogs, fox, etc.
4. Tertiary consumers: The fourth or top level of the food chain. They depend on secondary consumers for their food. They include carnivores that feed on other carnivores. Ex: Lion, Eagle, Tiger, etc.

Question 5.
Draw the diagrams of different beaks of birds.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the types of venation?
Answer:
There are two types of venation 1. Reticulate venation 2. Parallel venation.

Question 2.
What are the functions of stomata?
Answer:
Stomata regulate the gaseous exchange between the plant and environment and transpiration.

Question 3.
What are the main parts of the plant?
Answer:
Roots, stem, leaves, flowers are the main parts of the plant.

Question 4.
How many types of root system? What are they?
Answer:
There are two types of root system. 1. Tap root system 2. Fibrous root system.

Question 5.
Give examples for the fibrous root system.
Answer:
Monocot plants have the fibrous root system. Ex. Grass, rice, wheat etc.

Question 6.
What is cotyledon?
Answer:
The seed leaf present within the seed is called cotyledon.

Question 7.
Give examples for monocots and dicots.
Answer:
Monocots: Grass, rice, wheat, maize etc.
Dicots: Mango, pulses, fruits

Question 8.
In a bean how many cotyledons are present?
Answer:
In a bean seed two cotyledons are present.

Question 9.
Which type of root system the dicot plants have?
Answer:
The dicot plants have tap root system.

Question 10.
Give examples of tuberous roots.
Answer:
Radish, carrot, beetroot, sweet potato are examples for tuberous roots.

Question 11.
What is stem?
Answer:
The main axis of the shoot system is called the stem.

Question 12.
What is a node ?
Answer:
Node is the part of stem where the leaf arises.

Question 13.
What is internode?
Answer:
The part of the stem between two successive nodes is called the internode.

Question 14.
In which plant do you observe the parallel venation ?
Answer:
In monocot plants such as grass, cereals, millet plants we will observe the parallel venation.

Question 15.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Plants release excess of water in their body through stomata in the form of vapour is called transpiration.

Question 16.
What do you know about the flower?
Answer:
The flower is colourful and attractive part in a plant.

Question 17.
What are petals?
Answer:
The colourful and fragrant parts of a flower is petals.

Question 18.
How do you say the millet plant is a monocot?
Answer:
Millet has only one cotyledon in a seed. So, millet is a monocot.

Question 19.
Name the traditional food of Konaseema, prepared with the help of jackfruit leaves.
Answer:
Pottikkalu.

Question 20.
What type of venation is found in the leaves of plants with fibrous roots?
Answer:
Parallel venation is found in the leaves of plants with fibrous roots.

Question 21.
If the leaves have the reticulate venation what would be the type of root?
Answer:
The plants having the reticulate venation have the tap root system.

Question 22.
Give examples for modified stems.
Answer:
Potato, turmeric, garlic, ginger and sugarcane are examples for modified stems.

Question 23.
Define fibrous root system.
Answer:
A cluster of thin and uniform roots arising from the base of the stem is called fibrous root system.

Question 24.
Why Pottikkalu have jack fruit flavour?
Answer:
The leaves of jack fruit are used in the preparation of Pottikkalu. So, Pottikkalu have jack fruit flavour.

Question 25.
Give examples of plants having supporting roots.
Answer:
Banyan tree, Sugarcane and Maize plants have supporting roots which grown above the ground level.

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the differences between potato and sweet potato?
Answer:

Potato	Sweet potato
1. It is a modification of stem.	1. It is a modification of root.
2. As it stores the food in the stem it is known as tuber.	2. As it stores the food in the root, it is known as a tuberous root.

Question 2.
Write the differences between tap root system and fibrous root system?
Answer:

Tap root system	Fibrous root system .
1. A tap root differentiated primary root of the plant.	1. The fibrous root is different from the primary root of the plant.
2. Tap root system consists of tap root and lateral roots.	2. A cluster of thin and uniform roots round here.
3. Tap root penetrates deep into the soil.	3. Fibrous root is shallow and does not penetrate as deeply.
4. It helps the pLant to survive in drought conditions.	4. It helps the plant to prevent the soil erosion.
5. Tap root system found in dicot plants.	5. Fibrous root system found in monocot plants.

Question 3.
In drought conditions which root system is help the plant to survive?
Answer:

• When there is no rainfall for several years it leads to drought.
• When a drought hits, soil dries out, the crops with deep roots have access to deep stored moisture.
• The taproot system has the access to get the moisture from deep levels of the soil.
• So, tap root system help the plant to survive in drought conditions.

Question 4.
What are the differences between terminal bud and auxiliary bud?
Answer:

Terminal bud	Auxiliary bud
1. It occurs at the end or top of the stem.	1. It occurs at a leaf node.
2. It helps the plant to grow taller so that the plant gains more height.	2. It helps to provide support to the plant holding leaves, buds and flowers.
3. Due to this the plant grow in a straight forward.	3. Due to this the plant have more branches like a bush.

Question 5.
What are the stem modifications?
Answer:

• In some plants, the stems are modified to perform the function of storage of food, support, protection and vegetative propagation.
• Potato, turmeric, garlic, ginger, sugarcane store food materials in the stem so that the stem bulges in size. These are known as modified stems or tubers.

Question 6.
What is venation? What are the types in it?
Answer:

• The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation.
• There are two types of venation. 1. Reticulate venation 2. Parallel venation
• The veins are arranged in either web-like or network all over the lamina it is called reticulate venation.
• The veins are arranged parallel to one another all over the lamina is called parallel venation.

Question 7.
How do you distinguish the differences between reticulate and parallel venation?
Answer:

Reticulate venation	Parallel venation
1. The veins are arranged in the form of a network or a web like arrangement all over the lamina.	1. The veins are parallelly arranged with one another ail over the lamina.
2. It is seen in the dicot plants.	2. It is seen in the monocot plants.
3. Ex. Mango, Hibiscus, Ficus etc.	3. Banana, bamboo, wheat, maize etc

Question 8.
How do you find the root system without pulling it out?
Answer:

• It is possible to find the root system without pulling it out.
• By observing the leaf venation, we will identify whether that plant has tap root or fibrous roots.
• If the leaf is having a parallel venation, that root of the plant will be fibrous root system.
• If the leaf is having reticulate venation, that root of the plant will be a tap root system.

Question 9.
Write the differences between monocots and dicots?
Answer:

Dicots	Monocots
1. Dicots have two cotyledons in the seed.	1. Monocots have only one cotyledon in the seed.
2. Dicots have taproot system.	2. Monocots have fibrous root system.
3. Leaves in dicots have reticulate venation.	3. Leaves in monocots have parallel venation.
4. Ex. Apple, mango, brinjal, beans.	4. Ex. Wheat, corn, rice.

Question 10.
What are stomata? What is it importance?
Answer:

• The small pores present on the leaf surface is called stomata.
• The stomata act like our nose in the plant.
• These are helpful in the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere.
• Plants release excess water in their body through stomata by the process of transpiration.

Question 11.
What are the functions of root?
Answer:

• Fixes the plant to the soil.
• Absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
• It stores the food in some plants like carrot and beet root.

Question 12.
What is transpiration and what its importance?
Answer:

• The process of releasing water in the form of vapour through stomata is called transpiration.
• It helps to keep the leaves healthy.
• It helps to provide water to leaf cells for photosynthesis.
• The temperature of the plant body maintained constant.

Question 13.
Write the functions of the stem?
Answer:
The stem,

• supports the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• transports water and minerals from root to other parts.
• transports food from leaves to other parts through stem.
• stored food in the plant’s potato, ginger, turmeric, garlic, etc.

Question 14.
Which questions do you pose to know about the plants and its parts?
Answer:

• Which part of the plant absorbs water?
• What are the important parts in a plant?
• What is the function of stem?
• Why some of the roots are modified?

Question 15.
Write the functions of leaf.
Answer:
Leaves play an important role in the life of plant, they are

• help in respiration
• to carry out transpiration
• to prepare food by the process of photosynthesis

Question 16.
What are the root modifications?
Answer:

• In some plants, the roots change their shape and modified to store the food materials.
• The roots of radish, carrot, beet root modified to store the starch.
• Aerial roots grow above the ground, typically providing support to the plant.
  Ex: Banyan tree, sugarcane, Maize etc.
• In mangroves the aerial roots helpful in respiration.

Question 17.
Write about Pottikkalu?
Answer:

• Pottikkalu is a traditional food of Konaseema of Godavari districts.
• Leaves of jack fruit are used in its preparation.
• They make cups with these leaves and fill them batter made of black gram and rice rawa.
• These cups are steamed to get Pottikkalu. These are healthy and delicious with jack fruit flavour.

Question 18.
How do you appreciate the beauty of a flower?
Answer:

• Flowers are the colourful parts of the plants.
• They attract insects for pollination and produce fruits.
• Colourful flowers give beauty to nature.
• By seeing the colourful flowers, we get happiness and they give us a positive effect on mood.

Question 19.
What is a root? Write about its function?
Answer:

• The underground part of the main axis of a plant is known as the root.
• It fixes the plant to the soil.
• It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
• It stores food in some plants like carrot and beet root.

Question 20.
Which roots are known as tuberous roots? Why?
Answer:

• Radish, carrot, beetroot, sweet potato is known as tuberous roots.
• These plants store food materials in their roots so that they were known as tuberous roots.

Question 21.
How will you tell which part of a plant is the stem and which is the root?
Answer:

• The part of the plant that presents above the surface of soil is the stem.
• The part of the plant that presents below the soil surface is the stem.
• Stem possess nodes, inter nodes and leaves etc. whereas root cannot have these.

Question 22.
What would happen if flowers do not have different colourful petals?
Answer:

• The flower has colourful parts called petals.
• The beautiful petals attract insects for pollination and produce fruits.
• If flowers do not have different colourful petals, they can’t have a fragrance to attract the insects.
• If the plant does not have colourful petals and fragrance, they cannot attract the insects so that fruits are not formed.

Question 23.
What questions do you ask to know more about the aerial roots of Mangroves?
Answer:

• What are mangroves?
• Where do we find these mangroves?
• What is the importance of mangroves?
• What is the special character of mangroves?

Question 24.
Fill the following table by observing the plant leaves?

Sl.No	Name of the plant	Type of venation
1.	Hibiscus (Mandara)
2.	Paddy
3.	Peeple (Raavi)
4.	Jo war

Answer:

Sl.No	Name of the plant	Type of venation
1.	Hibiscus (Mandara)	Reticulate venation
2.	Paddy	Parallel venation
3.	Peeple (Raavi)	Reticulate venation
4.	Jowar	Parallel venation

Question 25.
Draw the diagram of the tap root system and fibrous root system of a plant?
Answer:

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What will happen if plants cannot store their food?
Answer:

• Plants can store their food by the process of photosynthesis.
• Some of the food is used by the plants for various metabolic processes.
• The remaining food is stored in the various parts of the body such as roots, stem, leaves, seeds, fruits etc.
• This stored food helps the plants to survive in unfavourable conditions.
• Other animals also depend on plants for their food.
• If the plants cannot store the food, the animals that depend on plants get hungry and gradually die.
• When unfavourable conditions like drought appear, the plants will also ultimately die.

Question 2.
How do you prove that stem conducts water?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the conduction of water by a stem.
What you need: A small twig of balsam plant, a glass of water, red ink.
What to do:

• Take a glass of water and add a few drops of ink to it.
• Now place the small twig in the water.

What do you see: The stem turns reddish.
What do you learn: The red ink is taken and transported by the stem upwards.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 The Food we Need

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 1st Lesson The Food we Need

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the theme of World Food day 2019?
Answer:
The World Food day theme was “Zero Hunger”.

Question 2.
What are ingredients?
Answer:
The materials which are required to prepare food are known as Ingredients.

Question 3.
What are the different food sources for human beings?
Answer:
Plants, animals and seawater are the food sources for human beings.

Question 4.
Write the ingredients to prepare chicken curry.
Answer:
Chicken, tomato, chilli powder, turmeric powder, garam masala, cinnamon, ginger and garlic paste, oil, onion, salt and coriander leaves.

Question 5.
Which food item do you like? Why?
Answer:
I like payasam because I like the food items which are sweety in taste.

Question 6.
Give some examples of cereals.
Answer:
Rice, Wheat, Maize, etc.

Question 7.
What are the food items that are taken in breakfast?
Answer:
Idli, dosa and chutney, bread, milk, egg are the food items that are commonly taken in breakfast by different people.

Question 8.
What are the different methods used in the preparation of food?
Answer:
Boiling, Steaming, Fermentation, Roasting, Deep frying are the different methods used in the preparation of food.

Question 9.
Why rice items are very common in our area?
Answer:
In our state, geographical and climatic conditions are more suitable for growing rice. So we prefer rice items more in our area.

Question 10.
What is FAO?
Answer:
Food and Agriculture Organisation.

Question 11.
Expand UNDP.
Answer:
United Nations Development Programme.

Question 12.
What is boiling?
Answer:
It is a food preparation method used to make the food items Rice, dal, eggs and potato etc.

Question 13.
Give examples of food items prepared by the fermentation process.
Answer:
Bread, Jilebi, Cake, Dosa, Idli are the food items prepared by the fermentation process.

Question 14.
List out the junk foods that are commonly eaten by us.
Answer:
Pizza, Burger, Chips, Fried fast food, Noodles, Samosa, French fries, etc. are junk foods.

Question 15.
What is vegetable carving?
Answer:
Making of different types of designs and decorations with vegetables is called vegetable carving.

Question 16.
What are natural preservatives?
Answer:
Salt, oil, turmeric powder, sugar and honey are natural preservatives.

Question 17.
Give examples of artificial preservatives.
Answer:
Benzoates, Nitrates, Sulphates are artificial preservatives.

Question 18.
How does food get its taste?
Answer:
The taste of food depends on its ingredients, method of preparation and cultural habits.

Question 19.
What do we get from animals?
Answer:
We get milk, meat, egg and honey from animals.

Question 20.
Give examples of the stem that stores food.
Answer:
Sugarcane, onion, garlic, turmeric, ginger plants store food in the stem.

Question 21.
Why do we keep certain fruits in sugar syrup or honey?
Answer:
Sugar syrup or honey is used in the canning and freezing of fruits to improve its flavour and to preserve its natural colour and taste.

Question 22.
Name the vegetables/fruits that are used in the preparation of pickles.
Answer:
Mango, lemon, tamarind”, amla, tomato, chillies etc.

Question 23.
Why fishes are dried or smoked?
Answer:
Drying and smoking is help to reduce the moisture content in fish. So that it can be preserved properly without getting spoiled.

Question 24.
Is there ‘any a relationship’ of food habits and growing crop for that particular
area?
Answer:
Yes. People living in one region thy have some food habits. So that farmers cultivate that type of food crops which are suitable for that geographical and climatic conditions.

Question 25.
What are the common ingredients that used in making pickles?
Answer:
Salt, oil, turmeric powder, chilli powder, garlic, fenugreek powder and asafoetida are commonly used ingredients in the preparation of pickles.

Question 26.
What are the different food items that are prepared by using rice?
Answer:
Idli, dosa, dal rice, vegetable rice, biryani, Pongal, kichadi are the food items prepared by using rice.

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
We take some of the food in large quantities whereas the others in small quantity. Why is it so?
Answer:
Body needs calories to perform the metabolisms.

• Our body needs calories so that we take carbohydrate rich food in large quantities.
• Proteins are the body building nutrients which are necessary for growth and development.
• • Vitamins and minerals are present in vegetables and fruits. These nutrients required to our body in small quantities.

Question 2.
What are the Indian spices? What is its role in the preparation of food?
Answer:

• Indian spices are aromatic parts of a plant which are added in a variety of dishes.
• We get spices from the bark and roots of certain plants, leaves, flowers or stems of the plant.
• These are used for the flavouring, colouring or preserving food.
• Ex. Cardamom, black pepper, curry leaves, fenugreek, fennel, ajwain, bay leaves, cumin, coriander leaves, turmeric, cloves, ginger, nutmeg and cinnamon.

Question 3.
Ramu said that all food items are sources of plants and animals. Do you support this statement? Why? Why not?
Answer:

• Vegetables, fruits, cereals and pulses etc. are the ingredients obtaining from the plants.
• Egg, milk, meat etc are the food ingredients obtaining from the animals.
• So, I support this statement as all these food ingredients are derived from the plant and animal sources.
  (OR)
• We get food from plants and animal sources.
• At the same time salt is derived from the other sources.
• Salt is an important ingredient for preparing the all food items.
• So that I can’t support the statement that all food items are sources of plants and animals.

Question 4.
What questions do you pose to know about the food sources of human being?
Answer:

• Where do we get ingredients?
• Where does the food ingredients of food come from?
• What are the main food sources?
• Is there any source other than plants and animals?

Question 5.
How will you appreciate plants and animals in the view of food sources?
Answer:

• Plants and animals are the main food sources for us.
• We get vegetables, fruits, cereals and pulses etc. from the plants.
• We get milk, meat, egg and honey from the animals.
• If we have not these food sources on earth the existence of life become impossible.

Question 6.
What are the effects of the junk foods on human health?
Answer:
Eating of junk food causes,

• increased obesity,
• loss of memory and learning problems,
• worsens appetite and digestion,
• inadequate growth and development,
• heart diseases and stroke.

Question 7.
Prepare some slogans to avoid the junk food.
Answer:

1. Know your health -Say no to junk food
2. Fast food – Fast death
3. Put junk food into dustbin not into the stomach
4. Eating pizzas and burgers daily, gives you a round belly
5. Junk food is an injurious to health

Question 8.
Write about the steaming process.
Answer:

• Steaming process is a method of preparation of food.
• In this process boiling of water causes it to vaporize into steam.
• The steam carries heat to the food, thus cooking the food.
• Idli, cake, egg is cooked by steaming process.

Question 9.
Why do you follow different methods for preparing the food?
Answer:

• Preparation of food is an art. It is prepared in different ways.
• There should be no loss of nutrients while cooking.
• Some food items are delicious in certain food preparing methods.
• The taste of the food depends on its ingredients and the method of preparation also. So that we use different methods for preparing the food.

Question 10.
Why do we preserve the food?
Answer:

• Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or slow down spoilage.
• It provides food availability throughout the year.
• Food preservation stop the food wastage.
• If food is not preserved properly, it can attack by microorganisms that lead to spoilage of food.

Question 11.
What are preservatives? What is it need?
Answer:

• The materials or substances that use in preserving food are called preservatives.
• The preservatives may be natural such as salt, oil, turmeric powder, sugar, honey and artificial such as Benzoates, Nitrates, Sulphates.
• Preservatives are essential to preserving food properly.
• Preservatives keep food fresher for longer periods of time and prevent spoilage of food.

Question 12.
Natural preservatives are more preferable than artificial preservatives? Why?
Answer:

• Natural preservatives include salt, oil, turmeric powder, sugar and honey.
• The artificial preservatives are prepared by using some chemicals.
• The natural preservatives retain the nutritional value of the food items, whereas
  artificial preservatives reduce the moisture level in the food and they slow down the nutritional value of the food.
• Artificial preservatives are also harmful to our health.
  So that natural preservatives are more preferable than artificial preservatives.

Question 13.
What are the Indian traditional preservative methods?
Answer:

• Generally, some food items are salted and dried for preservation Ex: Mango; tomato, fish, appeal, vadiyalu.
• Salt, turmeric powder, chilli powder and oil are added while making pickles.
• Fish, meat, vegetables are freeze in refrigerators.
• Certain fruits are preserved in sugar syrup or honey.

Question 14.
What are the preservative techniques used in the preparation of pickles?
Answer:

• To prepare a pickle, we need some preservative ingredients such as salt, edible oil, red chilli powder, fenu greek powder, mustard powder, turmeric powder, garlic and asafoetida.
• Salt and turmeric powder control the growth of micro-organisms.
• Garlic and asafoetida add flavour and taste to the pickle.
• And other preservatives are used to taste and preserve the pickle for few months.

Question 15.
List out the healthy food habits.
Answer:

• Eat a variety of vegetables and fruits every day.
• Drink fat-free and low-fat milk for every day.
• Don’t take junk foods.
• Drink plenty of water instead of sweetened drinks and cool drinks.

Question 16.
Write about millets.
Answer:

• Millets are stapled food and important sources Of nutrients.
• They contain energy source, proteins and fibres.
• Ex. Finger millets (raagulu), Pearl millets (sajjalu), Great millets (Jonnalu), Foxtail millets (Korralu), Proso millets (samalu) etc.
• Millets are good for health.

Question 17.
Which day is celebrated as World Food Day? What is the aim of the celebration of world food day?
Answer:

• World Food Day is celebrated every year across the world on 16 th October.
• To promote worldwide awareness on the problem of hunger, malnutrition, and poverty as well as focus attention on agriculture and food production.

Question 18.
Plant roots are also food sources for human beings. How do you support this statement?
Answer:

• Carrot, beetroot, sweet potato, radish store food materials in their roots.
• These tuberous roots are used as food sources for human beings.
  Thus, plant roots are also a food sources for human beings.

Question 19.
How do you prevent the wastage of food?
Answer:

• By using of proper storage methods.
• Avoid the optimum temperature.
• Decrease the water percentage up to 5%.
• Adding the preservatives.

Question 20.
How will you appreciate people who offer food to the needy?
Answer:

• It is a very great attitude to offer food for the needy.
• It avoids the hunger for the world.
• It increases empathy in society.
• It is an opportunity to show their humanity towards the needy.

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
To present a symposium in your school, prepare a note about junk food.
Answer:

• Junk food containing high levels of calories with less vitamins and minerals.
• Most of the fast-food is junk food.
• Pizza, burger, chips, fried fast food, samosa, French fries etc. are junk foods.
• Junk foods do not contain nutritional value.
• Junk food is not easy to digest.
• Eating Junk food causes obesity, digestion issues and loss of appetite.
• It causes drowsiness and harmful to health.
• It causes diabetes, cholesterol and heart diseases.