Category: AP State Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 9th Lesson Production in a Factory – A Paper Mill

Question 1.
The production of bamboo in Andhra Pradesh during different periods is given in the table below. Study the table and answer the following questions. Long Bamboo Production in Andhra Pradesh.

Year	Long Bamboo (in Lakh No.s)
2011 – 12	2
2012 – 13	4
2013 – 14	7
2014 – 15	8
2015 – 16	9

i) Draw a rough bar diagram to represent the data.
Answer:
Bargraph. Long Bamboo Production in Andhra Pradesh

ii) What trend do you observe in bamboo production over the years?
Answer: Bamboo production has been increasing over the years.

Question 2.
As a student write any four suggestions you would like to give for reducing paper wastage.
Answer:

1. Copy on both sides of the paper.
2. Buy recycled paper.
3. Use chlorine-free paper.
4. Eliminate unnecessary subscriptions.
5. Use a routing slip.

Question 3.
“One of the major challenges before us is to find out how to balance our need for various kinds of goods and the ill effects of the factory system and how to make the life of workers comfortable and dignified.”
What do you understand by “to balance our need for various kinds of goods”? Discuss some of the ill effects of the factory system and suggest ways to make the life of workers comfortable and dignified.
Answer:
Basing on the resources available and the overproduced in the factories we can balance our needs.
The owners also should produce goods according to the demand of the public. This also can balance our needs.
Ill effects of the factory system:

1. Usually, factory owners try to reduce their costs by employing casual workers even for regular work.
2. Sometimes they bring new machines which require fewer workers.

Suggestions:
In such situations, the workers and their unions resort to agitations and then bargain with the managers to improve their lot.

Question 4.
Copy the following Flow Chart into your main answer sheet and fill the empty boxes with the clues given below.

Clues:

1. The small wood chips are sent to the fiber line section. The wood chips are boiled with some chemicals. Then it becomes creamy.
2. Wood is brought into the mill.
3. The liquid pulp is Spread on thin screens over a cylinder.
4. The paper is cut in the cutting machines according to the size required.

Answer:

Question 5.
Have you ever visited any factories? Describe it.
Answer:
Yes, I have visited Ice factory, a milk factory, and a Rajahmundry paper mill. Those were thrilling experiences to me. When I went to Vijayawada I visited Ice factory in Durgapuram. I felt so happy when I saw the ‘Ice blocks’ under the wooden floor.

I saw this type of arrangement there. When I collected the water drops into my hands, I felt it is very cool.

Question 6.
What is called raw material?
Answer:
Materials required to produce a commodity are called raw materials.

Question 7.
Observe the given picture and answer the questions.

a. What is the wood in the lorry?
Answer:
Bamboo

b. What is the machine in the picture?
Answer:
It is a Bamboo lifter.

c. Is anybody operating the machine? (Imagine)
Answer:
Yes, somebody is operating the machine.

d. Where is the wood?
Answer:
The wood is in the truck.

e. What is it used for?
Answer:
It is used for making paper.

Question 8.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.

WORKING IN PAPER MILL

A factory employs a large number of workers of different kinds – some work on machines, some help them, some take care of electrical fittings, some help in transporting the materials, etc. Some of them are highly qualified like engineers while others may have education from ITI and polytechnic colleges. Still, others may be illiterates doing manual work like cleaning. A factory also employs people on different terms and conditions.
a. Whom does a factory employ?
Answer:
A factory employs a large number of workers of different kinds – some work on machines, some help, some help in transporting the materials, etc.

b. Who is highly qualified in them?
Answer:
Engineers are highly qualified in them.

c. What are the other two courses mentioned here?
Answer:
I.T.I. and polytechnic.

d. Who does manual work?
Answer:
Some others, maybe illiterates, do the manual work.

e. How does a factory employ people?
Answer:
A factory employs people on different terms and conditions.

Question 9.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Factories use heavy machinery which is run by electricity. Paper mill needs electricity for operating its machines. For example, the paper mill requires nearly 25 Mega Watt every year. More than half of the electricity requirement is met through the factory’s own power generators. Besides electricity, the mill requires a large quantity of clean water throughout the year.
1. ………. use heavy machinery.
Answer:
Factories

2. The paper mill requires nearly ………… every year,
Answer:
25 Mega Watt

3. Besides electricity, the mill requires a large quantity of ………….. water.
Answer:
Clean Water

Question 10.
Read the following and answer the questions.

WORKING HOURS AND SHIFTS

This paper mill runs all 24 hours a day. The workers work in three shifts of eight hours each. They are ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ shifts. In each shift, about 800-900 Workers are at work.
A Shift: 6 AM to 2 PM
B Shift: 2 PM to 10 PM
C Shift: 10 PM to 6 AM (Night Shift)
Night shift workers get a special allowance.

1. The paper mill runs ……….. in a day.
Answer:
all 24 hours.

2. A, B, C are ……………
Answer:
shifts
3. ……….. workers get a special allowance.
Answer:
Night shift

Question 11.
Why do you think the paper mill works round the clock? Compare this with how agricultural fieldwork takes place.
Answer:
Paper is the most important thing we use. It is useful to us in many ways. To meet the need, the paper mill works through the day and night.
The agriculture fieldwork is quite different from this millwork. The workers in the fields work for 4 to 6 hours only.

Question 12.
Why are the authorities of paper mills dividing the work into shifts?
Answer:
Nobody can work continuously for 24 hours. There is a need for more production. So the authorities are dividing the work into shifts.

Question 13.
Draw a picture of the factory you visited and using your imagination describe 300 words on what could happen inside a factory.
Answer:
Last year I went to my grandmother’s house in Eluru during the vacation. There I went to visit ‘Sri Krishna Jute Mill’. It was established before Independence. It is giving employment opportunities to many people. At 8.00 A.M. the ‘Siren’ was blown. Then the first shift started. Many employees entered the factory with cheerful faces and meals carriages in their hands. They started their work.
There were many heavy machines in the factory. Administrative Block and Work Block are separate. There were some arrangements for staff entertainment also like carroms, chess, etc. They have three shifts daily.
I found the following steps in Jute processing.

Jute Bales in Godowns
↓
Selection
↓
Softening
↓
Piling/conditioning
↓
Carding
↓
Drawing and Doubling
↓
Spinning
↓
Winding
↓
Beeming / Dressing
↓
Weaving
↓
Calendering

I found beautiful jute bags there.
When I had a talk with some employees I came to know the following issues about them.

1. They work very hard in 3 shifts.
2. The salaries were very less.
3. There were no educational facilities for their children.
4. The staff were not provided with quarters.
5. Once the factory was locked out due to some reasons.

After knowing all these I felt sorry for their living conditions.

Question 14.
Mark the four districts with paper mills on the map of Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 8th Lesson Industrial Revolution

Question 1.
Write any two innovations which led to the industrial revolution in Europe.
Answer:

1. Spinning Jenney
2. Steam engine

Question 2.
Development and expansion of industries lead to a gradual increase in people to Urban areas. Comment on consequences of Urbanisation.
Answer:
Due to this

1. Slums are increasing.
2. Substandard housing with very poor living conditions.
3. Physical deterioration of its housing overcrowding, high density, poor access, and lack of infrastructure services.
4. Restricted access to the water supply.
5. Increase living conditions.
6. Inadequate health care facilities etc.

Question 3.
Explain Industrial Revolution considering the following points,

1. the putting-out system.
2. proto – industrialisation,
3. major inventions and their contribution,
4. factory system of production.

Answer:

1. The putting-out system:
   In this system, traders gave advances to small farmers and artisans to produce textile goods.
   1. In this system capitalists controlled what product was to be made.
   2. Different activities could be done in different parts of the country.
   In this system is more time-consuming.
2. Proto – Industrialisation:
   In this system, traders brought together the crafts persons under one roof so that they did not have to go to each one’s home or explain their requirements to each person.
   Here, the control of the trader over the crafts persons increased.
3. Major inventions and their contributions:
   In this period so many new machines were invented by Europeans. Those are useful in the production process.
   Ex: James Watt – Steam Engine
4. Factory system of production:
   In this system in the place of simple tools and manual power, new machines and steam power came to be increasingly used.

Question 4.
“Major changes swept industries with the coming of machines, Machines could be worked by even unskilled persons. Thus, skilled artisans were no longer required. In their place, a large number of women and children were employed and made to work for meager wages.”
Discuss the hardships faced by women and child laborers during the industrial revolution.
Answer:

1. Conditions had often been toxic and dangerous.
2. Women face abuse and discrimination.
3. Women were paid less than men.
4. Child labour also worked more than 12 hours a day.
5. Children were often faced with difficulties and workplace abuses.
6. In mines, factories or other workplaces, kids would work in hot and hazardous conditions for low wage rates and that for long exhausting hours.
7. The factories and mines were unsafe and demanding places to work.

Question 5.
If Pravallika argues “Railways in India were built for the benefits of the colonial rulers”. Express your opinion about this argument.
Answer:
No. It is not true. The English built railways not only for the benefit of Indian people but to transport raw material to Indian ports and manufactured goods of England from Indian ports into the country. To transport cheap labour from villages to cities, and to transport their troops fast and easily to the nooks and corners of the country to link up all their trading centers in all parts of the country British established railways in India.

Question 6.
However, as times changed, European countries began to useless and less of their own mineral resources and relied on imports from other countries. The old mining towns and factories were closed down and new factories grew in new areas.
Question: “Due to the Industrial revolution Europe has become a developed continent. Write your comment.
Answer:

1. The industrial revolution spurred growth and attracted a lot of people from villages to cities.
2. Cities expanded rapidly and new cities were being built near factories to house industrial workers who had to live somewhere.
3. This kind of urbanization was not a good thing.
4. City people often lived in cramped, overcrowded housing with poor sanitation and disease and crime multiplied.
5. Workers face harsh conditions both at home and workplace.
6. People laboured for long hours with low wages in dangerous conditions with no job security. That is why the govt enacts laws to improve working conditions.

Question 7.
In the 19th century, the industrial workers of Europe had to face several hardships.
Let us read about the experiences of a child employed in an English coal mine.
“I have been working in these mines since I was four. Workers hew coal with pickaxes and fill the large wagons with it. Our job is to push these loaded wagons to the point from where horses or mules can haul them. This is a very difficult job. Hauling the loaded wagons through water and slush, and over very steep slopes, leaves us very tired. We have to work in this way for more than 12 hours a day. By the time we return home, we are so tired that we don’t even feel like eating. Yesterday, I fell asleep on my way home. My mother searched for me and carried me home.
Q. Comment on the need for the complete removal of child labour from our society.
Answer:

1. The present children are future citizens.
2. Below 14 years if they are working their childhood is exploited and their life span is less.
3. If children are employed in hazardous work they effect by diseases and no longer work.
4. Our country’s development is on children only. So with skill youth not available in India.

Question 8.
When did the factory system of production emerge? How?
Answer:

1. During 1750 – 1850, a new system called the ‘factory system’ emerged.
2. In the place of simple tools and manual power, new machines and steam power came to be increasingly used.
3. Production was now carried on in a place called ‘factory’. Earlier the production was happening in homes.
4. Hundreds of workers were brought together to work in these large factories.
5. Machines became important in place of minor tools and handlooms.
6. They produced goods on a very large scale.
7. Capitalists invested money to bring workers, raw materials, and machines.
8. Everything belonged to the owner of the factory, from raw materials and machines to finished products.

Question 9.
What is meant by Revolution?
Answer:
Revolution means, to bring a fundamental change or transformation of the existing practice. Revolution also means a transformation of ideas, thoughts, and practices of the people. Without revolution or changes, society and its structure remain static.

Question 10.
What is meant by Industrial Revolution?
Answer:

1. During the 18th century, new changes took place in the field of production and distribution.
2. On account of the industrial revolution, manpower was replaced by machine power.
3. Production increased by leaps and bounds.
4. These rapid changes came to be known as Industrial Revolution.
5. Industrial Revolution may be defined as a marked change in the system of production of goods.

Question 11.
What does capitalism mean? Write two advantages of capitalism.
Answer:
Capitalism means the form of organization where industrialists owning money, purchase machinery, raw materials, and run the industries. They enjoy the profits.
Advantages:

1. Goods were produced in plenty.
2. There was employment generation.

Question 12.
Who was employed to work on machines?
Answer:
Machines could be worked by even unskilled persons. Thus skilled artisans are no longer required. In their place, a large number of women and children were employed and made to work for meager wages.

Question 13.
Compare the conditions of workers of a leather tannery and the English workers 150 years ago and find out similarities and differences.
Answer:

S.No.	Conditions of workers in a leather tannery	Conditions of English workers 150 years ago
1.	Most of the workers in a tannery feed the leather to the machines.	In place of skilled workers, women and children were employed.
2.	Machines could be worked by unskilled workers.	Most of the workers start as laborers and learn their skills on the job.
3.	In wet operations, workers wear rubber aprons and gloves to handle wet and slippery hides.	No protection wear was given to the workers. Working in unhygienic conditions.
4.	Dry end workers handle only lightweight.	Children were employed to push heavily loaded wagons to the point where the horses or mules can haul them.
5.	Some tasks in this industry may be unpleasant because of the sights and smells.	In the dyeing units of the textile industry and in other chemical Industries there used to be unhygienic conditions.
6.	Many tannery workers work the day shift eight hours a day, forty hours a week.	Workers had to work more than 12 hours a day.
7.	The average earnings of a worker is Rs. 500 to Rs. 600 a day.	The workers had to work with meager wages, with which they cannot satisfy their minimum needs.
8.	Most tanneries offer health insurance, paid holidays, and paid vacations. Some tanneries offer pensions.	No such facilities were there.
9.	Workers form unions to protect their rights.	Workers did not have any right to form unions.

Question 14.
What is meant by Proto – industrialization?
Answer:

1. The traders brought together the craftspersons under one roof so that they did not
   have to go to each one’s home or explain their requirements to each person.
2. They set up small workshops called manufactories.
3. The craftsmen brought their own tools and worked with raw materials given by the trader.
4. The trader then took the produce and sold it in the market.
5. In this way slowly the control of the trader over the craftspersons increased. This phase is called ‘Proto – industrialization’.

Question 15.
How did the need for self-driven machines emerge in England?
Answer:
As the demand for cloth, and other handicrafts increased many times, many artisans could not increase the production to cope with the demand. In addition to that cloth made on looms by the artisans was very much expensive. If there were machines that could spin yarn faster and wave cloth faster, the cloth could be produced at a lower price. As a result of the pressure of trade and work, several people attempted making self-driven machines in England.

Question 16.
Explain the Transport Revolution caused by the invention of the Steam Engine.
Answer:
The invention of the steam engine boosted the shipping industry. It also reduced the cost of transportation by one-third of the cost of road transport. Yet people looked for better ways of transportation. The next big thing in the context of transport was the adaptation of steam engines to locomotives. George Stephenson’s locomotive pulled heavy loads along a 64-kilometer track from Liverpool to Manchester at 46-kilometer speed in an hour.
In the 1840s, John Loudon Me Adam devised a method of laying roads using broken stones. This created a hard surface which was an important advancement in road construction. Within another decade bitumen-based binding which we see in our areas as tar(mac) roads were built. This was further followed by the use of motor cars.

Question 17.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
During 1750 – 1850, a new system called the ‘factory system’ emerged. In the place of simple tools and manual power, new machines and steam power came to be increasingly used. Production was now carried on in a place called ‘factory’, unlike what we read earlier where production was happening in homes. Hundreds of workers were brought together to work in these large factories. Machines became important in place of minor tools and handlooms. They produced goods on a very large scale.
1. When did the new system emerge?
Answer:
During 1750 – 1850 a new system emerged which is called the ‘factory system’.

2. What is meant by the factory?
Answer:
A place where production was carried on is called a factory.

3. Which became important in place of minor tools?
Answer:
Machines

4. How did they produce goods?
Answer:
They produced goods on a large scale.

5. Where was the production happening earlier?
Answer:
Earlier the production was happening in the houses of workers or craftsmen.

Question 18.
“Industrial revolution led to increasing of urban slums in towns and life in slums became common scenario.” Explain it. (OR)
What are the problems faced by the people living in the urban slums?
(OR)
Which type of problems are the people who reside in urban slums facing today?
Answer:

1. Industries and other urban activities gave people the necessary livelihood.
2. People moved to the towns and settled down in makeshift houses and shelters.
3. They were cramped and had little sanitation and other facilities.
4. Accidents, diseases, and epidemics were common. Most workers’ residential areas lacked proper ventilation, health, and sanitation facilities.
5. Slums became a common scenario in towns and cities especially near the factories and
   mines.
6. At the same time, distinct quarters came up for the rich and powerful which were well provided in terms of open spaces, sanitation, water supply, roads, and other facilities.
7. Slowly people fought for civic rights and the conditions of the worker’s quarters too improved.
8. People were accustomed to luxurious life and towns were polluted.

Question 19.
What are the sources of energy needed to run machines?
Answer:

1. Energy is available from coal, electricity, petroleum, and so on.
2. Initially, industries depended upon energy coal, and steam.
3. Subsequently, several other sources of energy like thermal and hydroelectricity, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear energy, and solar energy have been harnessed.

Question 20.
Do you know any factories nearby?
Compare the conditions of work of that factory with that of English factories 150 years ago.
Answer:
Yes. I know many factories nearby. There is a spinning mill in our area.
150 years ago i.e., in the nineteenth century the industrial workers of Europe had to face several hardships. The early factories were dreadful places of work.

1. With the Industrial revolution, machinery was used heavily in industrial production. With the introduction of machinery, skilled workers were expelled from their jobs. But these days it cannot be done. These days workers have the right to employment security.
2. In place of skilled labour, the women and children were employed and made to work for meagre wages. But these days child labour is banned and it is a punishable crime if anyone employs children under 14. More than that under the right to income security every worker has the right to get adequate and regular income.
3. Those days the labour were forced to work for more than 12 hours under the whip. But these days every worker should work for only 8 hours a day and he has the right to leisure and rest.
4. Thus the conditions of labourers have been improved a lot these days comparing to those of 150 years ago.

Question 21.
Locate the following on the world map.

1. United Kingdom
2. France
3. Portugal
4. Spain
5. Netherlands
6. Turkey

Answer:

Question 22.
Do you think the arrangement between a scientist-inventor and a capitalist is fair? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes. It was an agreement. The capitalist Boulton invested the necessary money and also paid Watt a salary. Watt made the steam engine. They made an agreement between them to share profit, two-third to Boulton’s and one-third to Watt’s. These two persons made a large number of steam engines, sold them, and made huge profits.

Question 23.
How were the colonies established?
Answer:
Because of the industrial revolution, industrial production increased so much that the large-scale production of goods needs raw materials in large amounts. But in countries where the industrial revolution took place, the raw materials were not produced.
At the same time production of goods in industries increased manifold. They were unable to sell all their products in their own country. For selling the surplus production they are required to acquire markets of other countries. To buy the raw materials needed for their markets at cheaper rates, and to sell their manufactured products at higher rates to get maximum profits, the industrial countries want to colonize the countries like India.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 7th Lesson Handicrafts and Handlooms

Question 1.
What do you understand about raw material in the context of basket making? Who collects them?
Answer:
Spines of wild date palm (eatha chettu) tree leaves, knife, etc., are used for basket making. Using a knife basket maker shaves off the leaves and keeps them in hot sunshine to make them dry. The raw material, wild date palm leaves are brought in bundles. Basketmakers collect raw material like a wild date palms, cane and bamboo which are found in forests.

Question 2.
What are the tools used by the basket makers?
Answer:
Basket making is a craftwork that involves the use of wild date palm leaves, cane and bamboo which are found in forests. Using a knife, the basket maker shaves off the leaves and keeps them in hot sunshine to make them dry. The raw material, wild date palm leaves are brought from the forest. Basketmakers or their relatives collect the spines from bushes around their villages and sell them to market makers.

Question 3.
Do you think people like Polaiah should be given ration cards and allowed to vote in Hyderabad?
Answer:
Yes. People like Polaiah should be provided permanent housing and permanent address proof. He should be provided with a voter identity card and he should be allowed to vote in Hyderabad. In the same way, he should be provided with a ration card and it is allowed to avail all the benefits of it for himself.

Question 4.
Name the raw materials to make silk sarees.
Answer:

1. To make silk sarees weavers need silk yarn, colours, cotton thread.
2. These are not produced by weavers they buy them from the market.
3. Silkworms from which silk yarn is made, grow on mulberry leaves.
4. The rearing of silkworms is taken up by small farmers.
5. Cotton is produced in farms and is made into thread either in factories or as a household craft.
6. Colours are often made in factories.
7. Weavers buy yarn and colours from the market.

Question 5.
What are the stages of weaving sarees
Answer:
There are different stages of making the saree.

1. The first of these is preparing the yarn.
2. These yarns are then marked with the design.
3. Their markings of the designs help the weaver to identify what colours need to be dyed into which part of the yarn.
4. Dyeing the yarn is a long repeated process.
5. Each colour needs to be separated and dried one after the other.
6. Only when the colouring is completed/the thread can be used for weaving.

Question 6.
What do you understand about the problems of weavers?
Answer:

1. Andhra Pradesh has the second largest number of handlooms in the country, next to West Bengal.
2. Handloom weavers are facing a serious problem.
3. They face stiff competition from power loom and mill made cloth.
4. Mill made cloth is cheaper. It is made from synthetic yarn which costs much less than cotton or silk.
5. Even though it is popular due to its high quality and unique beauty, the Dharmavaram saree seems to be expensive. But the weavers are not getting rate due to middlemen’s involvement.
6. Fashions in the cities change fast. It is difficult for the weavers to know which designs are in demand.
7. They also have to depend on middlemen for getting raw materials like cotton or silk yarn.
8. Thus middlemen have a good position and are getting the largest share than weavers.
9. Co-operative societies do not provide opportunities for weavers to produce sarees to suit the changing preferences of consumers.
10. This has once again pushed the weavers into the clutches of the middlemen and traders.

Question 7.
What is the role of cooperative societies to help the weavers?
Answer:

1. Andhra Pradesh has the second largest number of handlooms in the country. Weavers are facing many problems.
2. In order to overcome these problems the weavers are encouraged to form cooperative societies.
3. The cooperative societies are meant to help the weavers in buying raw materials at a low price and to arrange for marketing of their cloth.
4. This reduced their dependence upon middlemen and traders.
5. The cooperative societies should help the weavers by training in new designs.

Question 8.
Observe the following table carefully and answer the questions.

	Raw Materials	Tools
Basket making	1. Wild date plam leaves 2. Cane 3. Bamboo	Knife
Handloom weaving	1.   Silk yarn 2.    Colour 3.    Zari	1.   Maggam 2.    Stones 3.    Punched Jacquard cards

a. List the raw materials used to make baskets.
Answer:
Wild date palms, cane and bamboo.

b. What are the raw materials used to make Dharmavaram sarees?
Answer:
Silk yarn, colour and zari.

c. What is the tool used to shave off the leaves?
Answer:
A knife.

d. Where are basket making raw materials found?
Answer:
In forests.

e. How do weavers get silk yarn?
Answer:
Silk yarn is made from silkworms that grow on mulberry leaves.

Question 9.
How are raw materials of silk sarees produced?
Answer:
Weavers need raw materials to make silk sarees. These are not produced by weavers, they buy them from the market.

1. Silk yarn is made from silkworms. They grow on mulberry leaves. The rearing of silkworms is taken up by small farmers.
2. Cotton is produced in farms and is made into thread either in factories or as a household craft.
3. Colours are often made in factories. Weavers buy yarn and colours from the market.

Question 10.
Describe Dharmavaram sarees.
Answer:

1. Dharmavaram sarees one traditionally woven in the interlocked weft technique.
2. Dharmavaram silk sarees are a benchmark in the traditional craft industry.
3. They are very famous for stacking colour combinations with contrast pallu and border woven with exquisite brocade gold patterns.
4. Additional designs are added to silk sarees using kunrians, chamkies, and stones and also opposite colours.
5. Recently Dharmavaram sarees received patent rights.

Question 11.
Why has Venkatesu’s family begun to weave for a master weaver?
Answer:

1. Venkatesu is a resident of Dharmavaram.
2. All of his family members – he, his wife, son and daughter – in – law work as weavers.
3. Weaving saree is a hereditary occupation for Venkatesu’s family.
4. The income Venkatesu’s family gets from weaving silk sarees is insufficient to run the family.
5. From March to May, Venkatesu’s family is able to weave only a few hours a day
6. Women are distressed a lot because they have to do weaving related works and also take care of the household chores.
7. Earlier, Venkatesu’s family used to weave only for the cooperative society.
8. Later, they had to look for additional sources of income to run their families.

Question 12.
Why do basket makers migrate, from rural areas to urban areas?
Answer:

1. Basket making is craftwork that involves the use of wild date palm leaves, cane and bamboo which are found in forests.
2. There has been depletion of forests due to their extensive exploitation for big industries.
3. This affects the livelihoods of people who have traditionally depended on forests.
4. Further, the demand for such products has reduced considerably.
5. This forces them to move out of rural areas and migrate to urban areas for survival.
6. This is true for many involved in traditional activities.
7. However, they have to often live in urban areas without basic amenities.

Question 13.
How do master weavers and merchants take control over the weavers to get profits?
Answer:

1. A large amount of handloom cloth materials in Andhra Pradesh are produced and marketed by master weavers and merchants.
2. The master weavers and merchants procure all the raw materials and supply them to weavers and collect the woven cloth.
3. They then sell these materials to wholesale cloth merchants.
4. They pay a stipulated amount as wages for the weaving work.
5. Many master weavers also provide loans to weavers to set up looms, buy other tools and thus restrict them not to weave sarees for other master weavers.
6. They also decide the wages for the work done by the weavers.
7. Since they are interested in raising their incomes, it is natural for them to look for ways to pay less to the weavers.
8. Distressed weaving families should be provided work from cooperative societies and saved from the master weavers.

Question 14.
Appreciate Venkatesu’s family for weaving sarees which is hereditary occupation?
Answer:

1. Venkatesu is a resident of Dharmavaram. AH of his family members – he, his wife, son and daughter-in-law work as weavers.
2. While he was winding yarn, his son Nagendra was engaged in weaving in the maggam (pit loom) set up inside the house.
3. Katcha pattu, spindling of yarn, etc. were used to do different tasks in producing silk sarees.
4. Venkatesu’s wife and daughter-in-law do bobbin winding.
5. There is some work like making saratas for warping done collectively by group of weavers on streets or outside his house.
6. His son Nagendra brings all the raw materials like dyed silk yarn, zari and design from master weaver and sometimes from cooperative society.
7. Venkatesu gets raw materials at a time to weave ten sarees.
8. The whole family has to work for 12 -15 hours a day for nearly 40 – 50 days to weave sarees. They get about Rs. 1300 per saree for the work.

Question 15.
Write a letter to Newspaper Editor explaining their problems of weavers at present?
Answer:

A Letter to Editor

Vijayawada
XXXXXXXX

From,
Y. Lakhmi,
7th Class,
77 – 28 – S/A,
Mangalagiri.

To,
The Editor,
The Hindu News Paper,
Vijayawada.

Dear Sir,

l am a proud reader of your newspaper for the last 10 years.
Here I would like to bring to your notice one burning issue of our society regarding the weaver’s community.
I request you to make a full-page report if possible regarding the facts & figures of Handloom weavers in our state.
Issues like daily wages, family welfare, delay in payment from mill owners. No help (subsidies) from the Government & Ministry.
Lack of collaboration between Designing & Marketing teams. By continuous ignorance of people of this sector cost nation’s heritage and colourful image at world level. We should not let die this fine art of many generations so easily.
I will be humble & society will be grateful to you & your newspaper for so long if we can make some good difference in the lives of weavers.

Thanking you sir,
Y. Lakshmi.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 6th Lesson Africa

Question 1.
Observe the map and answer the questions given below.

a) Write the name of the latitude which passes through the Region – A.
Answer:
Tropic of Cancer.

b) Write the name of the latitude which passes through Region – B.
Answer:
Tropic of Capricorn.

Question 2.
What are the countries that are pointed by “1 and 2” Africa map are given below?

Answer:
1-Egypt
2 -South Africa

Question 3.
Read the given table and answer the following questions.

S.No.	Geographical Feature	Europe	Africa
1	Rivers	Loire, Seine, Danube, Rhine, Dniper, Volga Don, Po	Chad, Nile, Zambezie, Volta, Congo, Niger
2	Deserts	—–	Sahara, Kalahari
3	Mountains	Pyranees, Alphs, Caucasus, Ural, Scandinavia	Atlas, Drakensberg
4	Sea’s	The Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Atlantic Ocean	Mediterranean sea Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean.

i) Which continent does not have any dessert?
Answer:
Europe Continent.

ii) In which continent Scandinavian mountains are located?
Answer:
European continent.

iii) The sea lies between Africa and Europe?
Answer:
Mediterranean sea.

iv) Which is the longest river in Europe?
Answer:
Volga River is the longest river in Europe.

Question 4.
Discuss how Africa is richer than other continents in natural resources. In spite of its richness, why do you think African countries are still underdeveloped?
Answer:
In the beginning, Africa was a rich continent compare with the other world in natural resources.
Reasons for why it is not developed:

1. The foreign companies do bring in new technologies and investments into mining and processing industries, thus creating employment for the local people.
2. They are using their cheap labour to make huge profits and exploiting the mineral resources.
3. Most of these companies have caused immense damage to the natural environment which has affected the quality of landlife of the local people adversely.
4. Thus, we can say that the foreign companies are exploiting the mineral wealth of Africa irrespective of the local people’s welfare.
   That’s why Africa was instiled an underdeveloped position.

Question 5.
Into how many physical features can Africa be divided? What are they?
Answer:
Africa can be divided broadly into four physical regions namely

1. Mountains
2. Plateaus
3. Coastal plains
4. Deserts.

Question 6.
What are Savannas?
Answer:

1. The large tropical grasslands on both sides of the forests do not produce wood but shelter a huge number of animals.
2. These grasslands are called Savannas or Veldts.
3. In some places, these grasses are so tall that even elephants can hide in them.
4. Some trees also grow between them.

Question 7.
How to reach India from Africa? Which ocean has to be crossed?
Answer:

1. From Africa to reach India one has to travel in west direction,
2. The Indian Ocean has to be crossed

Question 8.
Are Asia and Africa connected by land?
Answer:
Yes. There is a small strip in Egypt, which connects Asia and Africa.

Question 9.
Name some bays and gulfs on the African coast.
Answer:
Bays: Bays of Djibouti, Bay of Yemen, Bays of Somalia, Bays of Madagascar.
Gulfs: the Gulf of Sidra, Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aden.

Question 10.
Mention the boundaries of Africa.
Answer:
East: The Red Sea, the Gulf of Eden and the Indian Ocean.
West: Atlantic Ocean
North: Mediterranean Sea
South: Southern Ocean

Question 11.
How is the lifestyle of people in Africa?
Answer:
People with different languages, lifestyles and habits live in different regions of Africa. Since ancient times, people have lived in small tribes, carrying out hunting, gathering, animal husbandry and agriculture. Hunters have inhabited the equatorial regions and the deserts, Pastoralists inhabited the high plateaus and Savanna, grazing their animals on the extensive grasslands. Agriculture has long been carried out on river banks as well as on the margins of forests. There were several cities on the coasts where traders from distant countries came to trade.

Question 12.
Mention the products which were exported to Europe.
Answer:
The Europeans exported African timber, minerals etc., on a very large scale to Europe. In fact, the gold and diamond mines in Southern Africa are still under the control of European companies. Zambia and Zimbabwe have priceless mines of copper. This mineral has long been an important export item. Europeans established plantations to grow tea, coffee, rubber, tobacco, etc.

Question 13.
Observe the following table carefully and answer the questions given hereunder.
Answer:
Africa at a Glance

S.No.	Content	Special feature
1.	Deserts	1)  Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 2)   Kalahari
2.	Lakes	Victoria, Nyasa, Tanganyika, Chad, Volta
3.	Rivers	Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Orange, Senegal and Limpopo
4.	The highest peak	Mt. Kilimanjaro
5.	The biggest country	Sudan
6.	The gift of Nile	Egypt
7.	Extent	The second-largest continent. It occupies 20% of the land area of the earth.

a. What is the highest peak in Africa?
Answer:
Mt. Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa.

b. Which is the biggest country in Africa?
Answer:
Sudan

c. Which country in Africa is called the gift of Nile?
Answer:
Egypt

d. What is the biggest continent in the world?
Answer:
Asia is the biggest continent in the world.

e. What is the largest desert in Africa?
Answer:
Sahara is the largest desert in Africa.

Question 14.
Read the following para and answer the questions.
Slave Trade
In the 16th century, many Europeans began migrating to America and started cultivation there. There was plenty of land in America, but not enough people to work in the fields. To fill the gap the slave trade from Africa began.
a. In which century many Europeans began migrating to America?
Answer:
In the 16th century.

b. Why did Europeans enter America?
Answer:
Because there was plenty of lands.

c. Who wanted to establish their rule over Africa?
Answer:
Europeans

d. Which continent is known as the Dark continent?
Answer:
Africa

e. Who benefited from the slave trade?
Answer:
Americans

Question 15.
What are the important items of export?
Answer:
The important items of export are:

1. Agricultural products: Cocoa, coffee, palm oil, groundnut, cotton, tea.
2. Minerals: Copper, gold, diamonds, iron ore, petroleum, phosphate, bauxite, etc. These are exported to Europe and North America.

Question 16.
Why is Egypt called the gift of Nile?
Answer:

1. The river Nile flows through the Sahara desert in Egypt.
2. Nile’s water which flows through the Sahara Desert is used for irrigation in that area.
3. River Nile is also used for navigation.
4. The Nile has helped the civilization to develop in this desert.

Question 17.
Define Tropic Region and Temperate Region.
Answer:

1. The Equator passes through the middle of Africa. Thus Africa is divided into Northern and Southern parts.
2. The zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn experiences a warm climate.
3. This is the hottest region in the world.
4. This region is also known as the Tropic Region.
5. These zones south and north of the tropics experience summer as well as winter. They are called “Temperate Regions”.

Question 18.
Locate the following rivers and seas on the map of Africa.

1. River Niger
2. River Volta
3. River Zambezi
4. Mediterranean Sea
5. River Nile
6. River Congo

Answer:

Question 19.
Observe the following map of Africa and answer the questions.

a. Which country is called the “Gift of Nile”?
Answer:
Egypt

b. Where do camels live?
Answer:
In the Sahara desert.

c. In what countries does the Sahara desert extend?
Answer:
It extends to Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia and Somalia.

d. What is the western boundary of Africa?
Answer:
Atlantic ocean

e. What is the southern boundary of Africa?
Answer:
South ocean

Question 20.
Look for Africa on the world map and write about its neighbouring countries.

Answer:
Neighbouring countries of Africa:

1. Italy
2. Portugal
3. Turkey

Question 21.
Look for Africa on the world map and name the oceans that surround it.

Answer:
Oceans that surround Africa:

1. Southern ocean
2. Indian ocean
3. Mediterranean sea

Question 22.
Look at the following map and answer the following questions.

a. What is the average height of the narrow coastal plain?
Answer:
The average height of the narrow coastal plain is 0 to 200 mts.

b. What is the height of a major portion of the plateau?
Answer:
The height of a major portion of the pla¬teau is 200 to 1000 mts.

c. The height of the high plateaus in the south and east of Africa is ….
Answer:
100 mts

d. In the north are the Mountains.
Answer:
Atlas

e. What is the height of the Kilimanjaro peak?
Answer:
5895 mts

f. Identify two other lakes in Africa, other than Lake Victoria and write down their names.
Answer:
Lake Nyasa, Lake Tanganyika

Question 22.
What are the regions of highest rainfall?
Answer:
A large part of Africa, on both sides of the Equator, receives heavy rainfall. These regions are in Central and Western Africa. They have dense forests due to heavy rainfall and warm climate.

Question 23.
How were the slaves greatly oppressed by Americans?
Answer:
The slaves were greatly oppressed. Many of them died by the time they reached the ports. The ships were stuffed with slaves. There were no proper arrangements for food or medicine. In those days, it took a long time to reach America. Many slaves did not survive the journey due to illness and malnutrition.
Even in America, inhuman treatment was meted out to them. Despite working hard, they were not given proper food or living quarters. In this manner, millions of Africans were enslaved and taken to North and South America and the nearby islands. Lakhs of people died after being made into slaves.

Question 24.
Write about the deserts of Africa.
Answer:

1. The Sahara desert in Africa is the biggest tropical desert in the world.
2. This desert belt is broad and extends from east to west of Africa.
3. West Sahara desert spreads over Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia and Somalia.

The Kalahari desert extends in Namibia, Botswana and Angola in South – West Africa.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 5th Lesson Europe

Question 1.
Give one reason why the climate of Europe is cooler than that of India?
Answer:
Temperature decreases as the distance from the equator increases.
Since Europe is farther from the Equator than India, so the climate of Europe is cooler than that of India.

Question 2.
Distinguish between an Island and a Peninsula. (OR)
Distinguish between a Peninsula and an Island giving one example for each.
Answer:

Island	Peninsula
1. A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides.	1. A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides and the fourth side is covered by land.
Ex: Sri Lanka, England	Ex: India.

Question 3.
Explain why the Mediterranean Sea was named so?
Answer:
The Mediterranean is derived from the Latin words meaning “the middle of the earth.” During the time of the Roman empire little was known about far Eastern Asia or the Americas or Southern Africa and so the Romans considered they lived in the hub of the universe.

Question 4.
Explain the location of Europe.
Answer:
Europe extends from 35° South to 72° North latitudes and from 10° West to 60° East longitudes. Europe has an area of 10,180,000 square kilometres approximately. It is the second smallest continent. The boundaries of Europe are North – Arctic ocean; South – Mediterranean sea, Caspian and Black seas; East – Ural mountains, West – Atlantic ocean.
The Ural Mountains separate Europe from Asia. The Mediterranean sea separates Europe from Africa. The Mediterranean sea separates Europe in the North from Africa in the South.

Question 5.
Mention the important rivers of Europe.
Answer:

1. Many rivers in Europe originate from the Alphs mountains.
2. River Volga is the largest river in Europe.
3. The second-longest river is the Danube. It is known as an international river.
4. The river Rhine is one of the most important rivers as it flows through several countries and empties itself into the North Sea.
5. Unlike the Rhine, the Volga drains into the Caspian Sea, which is a vast lake.

Question 6.
Explain about the mountains and plains of Europe.
Answer:

1. The Alps, the most important mountain ranges of Europe, are covered with snow all year-round.
2. The Caucasian Mountains, which lie between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea form the southern boundary of Europe.
3. They, too are very high and covered with snow all year-round.
4. There are vast plains in Europe. The whole of Eastern Europe is a vast plain, which stretches across several countries like Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Bylorussia, etc. These plains experience heavy snowfall and bitter cold in winters.
5. When the snow melts in summer, small streams start flowing.
6. These join to form mighty rivers. It is from these plains that rivers like the Dnieper and the Volga, the longest river in Europe, originate.

Question 7.
Find out the names of some of the other Island countries of Europe.
Answer:

1. The sea surrounds some of the European countries, not just on three sides but on all four sides.
2. These are Island countries.
3. Great Britain and Ireland are Island countries in Europe.

Question 8.
What are the important crops that are grown in Europe?
Answer:

1. Food crops that are grown in Europe are wheat, maize, rye, barley and oats. Sugar is manufactured from beet in Russia, Ukraine and Germany.
2. A commercial crop that is grown in Europe is ‘Tobacco’.
3. Fruits that are farmed in Europe are apples, pears, peaches, grapes, oranges, palm and olive, etc.
4. Fruits like grapes are used for making wine.

Question 9.
What are trade winds? Explain.
Answer:
The ships of those times had sailed to harness wind power. They sailed with ease with the winds blowing westwards towards America. These winds blow westwards taking ships from Europe to America. These were not the Westerlies, which blew towards Europe. These were different winds, which blew from the south of Europe towards the southwest direction. They blew throughout the year and took ships from southwest Europe to the east coast of America. These winds are called ‘Trade Winds’.

Question 10.
The Alps stretch across several countries. Find out the names of these countries.
Answer:
France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, etc.

Question 11.
Write the names of two rivers starting from the Alps.
Answer:
Danube and Rhine.

Question 12.
Name the countries across whose borders the Pyrenees stretch.
Answer:
Spain and France.

Question 13.
Name the Mountains stretching Eastern Europe.
Answer:
Caucasus mountains.

Question 14.
Identify the other mountains in Europe and prepare a table.
Answer:
Carpathian mountains; Ural mountains; Scandinavian ranges; Tatra mountains; Appnines and Dinaric Alps mountains; Cantabrian mountains.

Question 15.
Names of oceans or seas into which the following rivers empty themselves.
Answer:

S.No.	River		Ocean/Sea	S.No.	River	Ocean/Sea
1.	Seine		North sea	6.	Vistula	Baltic sea
2.	Rhine		North sea	7.	Volga	Caspian sea
3.	Oder		Baltic sea	8.	Dniper	Black sea
4.	Po		Adriatic Sea	9.	Don	Black sea
5.	Danube		Black sea	10.	W Dvina	Baltic sea

Question 16.
Compare Mediterranean and Andhra Pradesh climates on the following aspects:
Answer:

	Seasons		Rainfall
	Winters	Summers
Mediterranean	Too cold	Warm	Rainfall occurs only in winter.
Andhra Pradesh	Cold	Too hot	Rainfall occurs in rainy seasons.

Question 17.
When does it rain most in your state, in the summer months or in the winter months?
Answer:
In rainy months.

Question 18.
Find out if your region gets light winter showers and the name given to it in the – regional language.
Answer:
Dussehra Musurlu.

Question 19.
Fishing is of importance in …………. whereas fruit growing is important in ……….
Answer:
Coastal areas; Mediterranean countries.

Question 20.
Why do you think the climate of Europe is so different from ours? Discuss among yourselves in the class.
Answer:
The climate of Europe is temperate and Continental in nature. The climate of India is tropical wet, tropical dry, subtropical humid, and mountain climate. So both are different from each other.

Question 21.
To begin with which part of Europe is along the Atlantic Ocean – the eastern or the western part?
Answer:
Western part.

Question 22.
Observe the following table carefully and answer the questions.

S.No.	Crops	Countries where the crops are grown
1.	Wheat	France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Poland, UK, and Hungary.
2.	Maize	Russia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, France, Italy, etc.
3.	Rye	Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Germany.
4.	Barley	Russia, UK, France, Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Spain.
5.	Tobacco	Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, and Poland.
6.	Oats	Russia, Poland, France, Sweden, Germany, etc.
7.	Olives	Spain, Italy, Greece, France, and Portugal.

1. Mention the important producers of maize in Europe.
Answer:
Russia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, etc.

2. Mention the important producers of barley in Europe.
Answer:
Russia, U.K., France, Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Spain.

3. Which countries are producing rye mainly?
Answer:
Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Germany.

4. Which countries are producing Tobacco mainly?
Answer:
Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, and Poland.

5. Mention two important countries that are producing olives mainly.
Answer:
Spain, Italy, Greece, France, and Portugal.

Question 23.
What is the Dogger Bank? Name the countries which would benefit from the Dogger Bank.
Answer:
The warm currents are very good for fish breeding as they contain ample food materials for the fish. As a result, the fishery industry is very well developed in the North Sea near Britain. This part of the North Sea is called ‘Dogger Bank’. Fish is an important part of the food of the Europeans and fishing is a very important industry in Europe. United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherland, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden would get benefit from Dogger Bank.

Question 24.
Why do you think the climate of Eastern Europe is not so strongly affected by the warm currents?
Answer:
The warm currents are from the west side of the continent. So it strongly affects western Europe only but not eastern Europe.

Question 25.
Can you guess the impact of the Westerlies on Europe?
Answer:
The westerlies play an important role in carrying the warm, equitornal wates and winds to the western coasts of continents, especially in the southern hemisphere because of its vast oceanic expanse.

Question 26.
What differences did you notice between the climates of India and west Europe?
Answer:
India has a hot type of climate while west Europe has a warm type of climate.

Question 27.
Can you reason why is it possible to raise two crops in the Mediterranean countries?
Answer:
The Mediterranean countries are the southernmost countries in Europe. As a result, the winters here are not too cold and summers are warm. It does not rain all through the year as in Western Europe. It rains here only in winter. Such rainy winters and summers are termed Mediterranean climates. So it is possible to raise two crops a year.

Question 28.
Locate the following on the given map.
1. Austria
2. Spain
3. Portugal
4. Germany
5. Russia
6. Italy
7. France
8. Ukraine
9. Poland
10. Norway.
Answer:

Question 29.
Observe the map and answer the following.

a. Name the mountains to the east of Europe.
Answer:
Ural mountains.

b. Name the ocean to the west of Europe.
Answer:
The Atlantic Ocean.

c. Look in the atlas and find the name of the sea just south of Europe.
Answer:
The Mediterranean Sea.

d. Name the island country of Europe.
Answer:
The United Kingdom.

e. Name the mountains that divide Europe from Asia.
Answer:
Ural mountains.

Question 30.
Now you are familiar with the location of Europe. You can take a look at the countries of Europe. Look at the following map to find out their names. Have you heard of some of these countries before?

Answer:
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, U.K., Netherlands, France, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Poland, Italy, Belarus, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria, Turkey, Romania, Russia, Latvia, Lithuani, etc.
I heard about U.K., Russia, Switzerland, and Italy.

Question 31.
Observe the map and answer the following questions.

a. Which of these is a peninsula Greece of France?
Answer:
Greece

b. Are Spain and Portugal peninsulas, too?
Answer:
Spain is a peninsula, but Portugal is not a peninsula.

c. Name the mountain range in the Scandinavian Peninsula.
Scandinavian ranges.

Question 32.
i) Look at a globe to see how far is north Europe from the Equator.
Answer:
Europe is 350 latitudes North of the Equator.

ii) Is Europe even farther north than India?
Answer:
Yes.

iii) Will Norway be warmer than Italy? Why?
Answer:
No, Norway is cooler than Italy because it is on higher latitudes.

Question 33.
Look at the wall map or atlas to identify the names of at least six cities of Europe which are situated on the sea coast.
Answer:
Moscow – Russia
London – U.K.
Berlin – Germany
Istanbul – Turkey
St. Petersburg – Russia
Madrid – Spain

Question 34.
Look at Map 2 (Text P. 42) and name four Mediterranean countries.
Answer:
Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel.

Question 35.
Look at Map 6 (Text PAT) and answer the following questions.
i) Which winds would help the sailors to return to Europe from America?
Answer:
Trade winds.

ii) Could the sail-driven ships use the Trade Winds to return to Europe? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No, they cannot use the Trade winds to return to Europe.
The reason is that the winds are blowing from south-east to north-west. Europe is on the northeast side of the Trade. Wind.

Question 36.
i) Look at the map ( f ext P.No. 47 Map 6) can you tell what the new route could be?
Answer:
The new route is the Columbus route.

ii) Looking at the globe to check whether Columbus’ thinking was correct?
Answer:
Yes, he was correct.

iii) Look at the map to be able to tell whether it will be warmer in Spain or in Slovakia. .
Answer:
In Spain – there will be mild winters and warm summers. In Slovakia – temperate cool summers, cold, cloudy, humid winters.

Question 37.
Which fruits are grown extensively in southern Europe?
Answer:
The Mediterranean climate is very good for growing juicy fruits. Thus regions with a Mediterranean climate are famous for their fruits. Fruits like olives, figs, grapes, oranges, etc., are grown extensively in southern Europe.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 4th Lesson Oceans and Fishing

Question 1.
Fishing with the mechanical boat is risky than the Karratheppa. Why?
Answer:
Compared to the Karrateppa, there is far more risk of life in Marapadava (Mechanised boat) because it goes far into the sea and it is difficult to swim over to shore in times of trouble.
What is worse, there is no first aid in the big boats, nor any life jacket. Fishing is a risky and brave occupation.

Question 2.
Study the table given below and answer the following questions.
Distribution of Fresh Water on Earth

Sl.No.	Source	Percentage
1	Ice caps and Glaciers	68.7%
2	Groundwater	30.1%
3	Surface water (lakes, swamps, rivers)	0.3%
4	Others	0.9%

a) Where do we have the highest percentage of fresh water on the Earth?
Answer:
Ice caps and Glaciers.

b) Give any two sources of surface water.
Answer:
Lakes, swamps, rivers, etc.

Question 3.
Read the info chart given below and answer questions a and b.

a) Where is the most fresh water on the earth found?
Answer:
More fresh water on the earth is found in Icecaps & Glaciers.

b) What percentage of the freshwater is accessible?
Answer:
Accessible surface freshwater is 1%.

Question 4.
“The lives of fishermen are risky and troublesome” – Comment in your own words.
Answer:
I agree with the above statement.

1. Most of the Fishermen do not own mechanical boats. They depend on others boats and go fishing.
2. Always they are taking money from middlemen for diesel and kit expenses.
3. Again they sell the day’s catch of fish to the middlemen at the rate he fixes.
4. They don’t have any profits.
5. There is no First Aid in the big boats nor any life jacket.

Their life is risky and troublesome. While they go fishing, if any cyclone hits that area, they are not able to reach the coast of the ocean.

Question 5.
What is an ocean? Name the oceans in the world.
Answer:
The vast body of salt water that covers a considerable portion of the earth’s crust is called the ocean. There are three major oceans in the world. They are the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian ocean. Apart from these three, waters of the Arctic and Antarctic are also described as oceans.

Question 6.
What are the two types of ocean currents? Give examples.
Answer:
Ocean currents are of two types. They are:
1) Warm currents: They flow from the equator towards poleward regions.
Eg: The Gulf stream and the Atlantic drift.
2) Cold currents: They flow from poleward regions towards the equator.
Eg: The Labrador current, The Greenland current.

Question 7.
What are high tides and low tides?
Answer:
High tide: The bulge of seawater is high tide.
Low tide: The level of the seawater reduces. It is low tide.
High tides and low tides occur twice each day.

Question 8.
Explain the different types of nets.
Answer:
Nets are of different types based on different sizes of the Kannulu (Rings) and the layers of the net. Recently a net known as Ring Net which helps in getting a better catch is being increasingly used by the fishermen. This has helped to reduce migration from the village. Earlier there were nets made up of cotton thread. Now cotton nets have almost been replaced by plastic, nylon and other synthetic, materials. A net lasts for 4 – 5 years. Nets are purchased by weight and the type of rings they contain. Nets cost around Rs. 250-300 per kg. Ring nets weigh around 500 kgs.

Question 9.
What enables the middlemen in the fish business to earn much more money than the fishermen?
Answer:
Some middlemen temporarily store the fish, segregate them and carry them in cold container tanks to faraway places like Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kerala, and so on. These people get four times more money than the catcher does. They also provide advances for the fishermen with interest. Fishermen have no option to sell the day’s catch of fish to the middlemen at the rate they choose to fix. Thus middlemen earn more money than fishermen.

Question 10.
Is the water found in your village/town saline or potable? Is it different in different parts of the village/town?
Answer:
In our city, Vijayawada both saline and potable waters are found. The water supplied by Corporation is potable water. In many areas, people use bore pumps for domestic purposes. Of these, some are saline and some are potable.

Question 11.
What are the names you use for different water bodies? Do large or small water¬bodies have different names?
Answer:
Oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ponds, waterfalls, canals, streams, and tanks are the names of different water bodies. All water bodies have different names.

Question 12.
How many meters deep are the water bodies you have seen?
Answer:
I have seen the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and the Indian ocean at Kanya Kumari in Tamil Nadu the southernmost tip of India. The depth of the Bay of Bengal is 4,694 m, the Arabian sea is 4,652 m and the Indian ocean is 8,047 m.

Question 13.
Please share what you have seen or felt about what lies under the surface of water bodies.
Answer:
There will be many sea animals and many kinds of landforms under the surface of water bodies.

Question 14.
Look at the image of Bhavanapadu village and find the following.

i) Identify the water bodies in the image.
ii) Identify the land that is used for activities other than agriculture in this village.
If so, for what purpose?
Answer:

Question 15.
Read the following para and answer the questions.
Tata Rao owns this boat which he purchased from Markonda in Odisha. It cost him around Rs. 6 lakhs. He borrowed the money from private moneylenders at a high rate of interest. He couldn’t get a bank loan, as he had no fixed assets. Even for daily fishing expenses, he has to get advances from middlemen. He has to invest a minimum of Rupees. 5,000/- per trip for diesel, wages, and other things. Because he has borrowed money from the middleman, Tata Rao has to sell the day’s catch of fish to the middleman at the rate he fixes. By this time the boat is ready for sale and all the twenty members are on the boat. They go up to 15-20 kilometers in the sea.
a. Where did Tata Rao purchase the boat?
Answer:
Tata Rao purchased the boat from Markonda in Odisha.

b. Why could he not get a bank loan?
Answer:
Because he had no fixed assets.

c. Where did he get advance?
Answer:
From Middlemen.

d. How much money did he invest?
Answer:
He invested Rs. 6 lakhs and a minimum of Rs. 5000/- per trip for diesel, wages, and other things.

e. Did he have any other option to sell his day’s catch-offish to anyone at a high rate?
Answer:
No. He had no option but to sell the day’s catch of fish to the middleman.

Question 16.
For what purpose are thermocol boxes shown in the photo lined up in the middleman’s add?

Answer:
Some middlemen temporarily store the fish, segregate them and carry them in cold container tanks faraway places like Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kerala, and so on.
Their people store the fish in pheromonal boxes so that they won’t get damaged and middlemen store them for many days.

Question 17.
Write the different crops cultivated in Bhavanapadu village.
Answer:
Fishing is not the only occupation of the people in Bhavanapdu village. They cultivate the land to grow crops and also rear animals and birds. The village soil is mainly loamy and rice is the principal crop grown on it.
They don’t grow any commercial crops.

Question 18.
Explain about the salinity and drinking water in the village.
Answer:
The water in the village is saline. If one digs up to 8 or 10 feet near the beach one can get potable water. But in summer these wells dry up. And it takes a long time for the water to fill up again. If you wait for an hour you may get another pot of water.
The government has sanctioned a protective water project that pumps water from the nearest village known as Suryamanipuram. It gave relief for some time. But cleaning of headwater tank and frequent repair of pumping motor is a hurdle.

Question 19.
In the world map or on the globe, find the names of five seas and five oceans.
Answer:

Seas:

1. The Mediterranean Sea
2. the Arabian Sea
3. Red Sea
4. Dead Sea
5. The Yellow Sea.

Oceans:

1. The Pacific Ocean
2. The Atlantic Ocean
3. The Indian Ocean
4. The Arctic Ocean
5. The Antarctic ocean

Question 20.
How are oceans useful to mankind?
Answer:

1. Ocean water is saline. It contains several mineral salts’ dissolved in it.
2. The oceans are the main source of rainfall.
3. Oceans are storehouses of fish and other seafood.
4. They are the main source of salts.
5. Oceans provide natural highways for international trade.
6. Oceans regulate the temperature of the coastal regions.
7. Oceans are necessary for the balance of the ecological systems.
8. Pearls are found in oysters.
9. Some fish like cod and shark provide us with liver oil which is used as a tonic.
10. Oceans provide us with large quantities and a variety of marine foods such as fish, shrimp, oysters, and crabs, etc.

Question 21.
Describe the social life of the people of Bhavanapadu.
Answer:
A large number of people of Bhavanapadu worship Gangamma, Gowri, and Shiva primarily. They perform puja to their boats and nets. The most important festival is Gowri Purnima. They spend the common good fund of the village on these festivals. Most of the men wear tattoos. There is an open stage, where the dramas, Burra Katha, Hari Katha, and record dances are performed. All these activities are led by the caste headmen called Pillas. They determine the customs and traditions of the people. They even resolve disputes and impose fines. The money collected goes to the common good fund.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 3rd Lesson Tanks and Ground Water

Question 1.
Differentiate between previous rocks and impervious rocks?
Answer:
Previous rocks:
Rocks that have cracks or pores in them and can contain water are called previous rocks.
Impervious Rocks:
Some rocks like granite, Kadapa limestone, are very compact and do not have pores in them. Water cannot enter into them. Groundwater usually accumulates above such rocks. Since the water cannot go beneath them, these are called impervious rocks.

Question 2.
Suggest two ways to restore the groundwater. (or)
Suggest any two measures that recharge the groundwater?
Answer:
The following measures are useful for recharging the groundwater.

1. Check dams
2. Percolation tanks
3. Loose boulder structures
4. Plantations on forest land and roadsides etc.

Question 3.
Tanks are declining in our times. What are the reasons for this in your opinion?
Answer:
The reasons for the deterioration in tanks is due to groundwater exploitation, progress in individual pits and pumps in tank management area, the collapse of village organizations, poor preservation, and the Green Revolution. Tank irrigation has declined over time because of the depression in the farming output.

Question 4.
Prepare a Pie-chart by using the given information.
a) Lakes-87% b) Swamps – 11% c) Rivers-2%
Answer:

Question 5.
‘If we draw more water than what percolates down, the groundwater will decrease over time. Finally, there may be little groundwater left for us”.
This has been happening during the last few years.”
Why do we overuse groundwater? How can we ensure that the groundwater level doesn’t decrease over time? Comment.
Answer:
We use under-ground water for domestic purposes, for industrial production purposes, for cleaning machines and for increase agricultural production, etc.
We can protect the underground water in the following ways.

1. Dig the percolation tanks,
2. Rainwater harvesting pits.
3. Loose boulders.
4. Increasing vegetative cover.
5. Floods are often caused by a sudden increase in underground water.

All the above methods we should recharge the underground water. So water levels don’t decrease over time.

Question 6.
Study the paragraph and answer the following questions.
“During the last twenty or thirty years, the tanks have been neglected and have been allowed to break down. Repairs to the tanks, desilting, etc., have not been done regularly. People also have gradually taken over the tank land for building houses or for agriculture”.
Q. Do you agree with the statement that “human activities have caused the decline of tanks”? Explain Why?
Answer:

1. During the last 20 years, the tanks have been neglected and have been allowed to break down.
2. Repairs to the tanks, desilting, etc. have not been done regularly.
3. People also have gradually taken over the tank land for building houses or for agriculture.
4. As a result, in almost every part of the state, we see the sad state of dry tanks lying uncared for.

Question 7.
Explain the reasons for the percolation of Groundwater and write its effects on Mankind.
Answer:

1. If we recharge the groundwater we will get water for a long period of time.
2. It is useful for multiple cropping.
3. It is useful availability of water in dry seasons also for drinking purpose.
4. It is useful for our animal wealth in the summer season and grass is also available.
5. So development will be present.

Question 8.
“We should remember that no one person owned the tanks and they belonged to all people of the village. Tanks benefited not one or two people but the entire village.” How are Tanks benefited all people? Comment on it.
Answer:

1. The tanks helped the people not only in giving them and their animals drinking water but also in irrigating their fields in such a way that even in drought years they could raise at least some crops.
2. The Tanks also helped to increase the water level in the wells nearby.
3. The tanks helped to prevent the run-off of rainwater and the erosion of topsoil.
4. Every year people would collect tank silt and apply it to their field to the fertile soil.
5. We should remember that no one person owned the tanks and they belonged to all people of the village.

Question 9.
Explain the objectives and importance of the Andhra Pradesh Water, Land, and Trees protection Act?
Answer:

1. AP WALTA Act means Andhra Pradesh Water Land and Trees Act.
2. Its objectives,
   1. It promotes water conservation.
   2. Its protection of forests.
   3. It promotes the construction of check dams.
   4. It encourages the setting up of watershed programs.

Question 10.
How were the tanks built?
Answer:

1. The tanks were sometimes built by a king, sometimes by a military leader or nayaka, or often by the people of the village themselves.
2. Usually, every village preserved the memory of those who were responsible for building the tank through stories or temples, or festivals.
3. In building the tank, everyone in the village contributed to expenses and labour.
4. All people of the village together maintained the tank by repairing the tank bund (wall) or removing silt from the tank bed.
5. They also took care so that no one dirtied or stopped the water flowing into the tank.
6. They also appointed a person to regulate the use of the water from the tank.
7. The tanks were usually built by building a strong wall of stones and mud across a small stream in such a way that with a wall on just one side a large lake could be formed.

Question 11.
How did the tanks help?
Answer:

1. The tanks helped the people not only in giving them and their animals drinking water, but also irrigating their fields in such a way that even in drought years they could raise at least some crops.
2. The tanks also helped to increase the water level in the wells nearby.
3. After the rains have stopped and the tank water decreased, the tank bed could be used for raising some crops.
4. Most important thing is that the tanks helped to prevent the runoff of rain water and the erosion of topsoils.
5. Every year people would collect tank silt and put it in their fields to fertilize the soil.
6. Tanks belonged to all people of the village. Thus they benefited not one or two people but all people of the village.
7. To this day most of the villages in the Telangana and Rayalaseema regions have at least one or two major tanks.

Question 12.
Explain the decline of tanks in our times.
Answer:

1. During the last twenty or thirty years, the tanks have been neglected and have been allowed to break down.
2. Repairs to the tanks, desilting, etc., have not been done regularly.
3. People also have gradually taken land for building houses or for agriculture.
4. As a result in almost every part of the state, we see the sad state of dry tanks lying uncared for.
5. Instead of caring for the tanks, we have been digging deeper and deeper tube wells at great expense.
6. But they only benefit a few and in the long run deplete water resources. On the other hand, tanks build resources for all.

Question 13.
Mention the differences between previous rocks and impervious rocks.
Answer:

Previous rocks	Impervious rocks
1) Rocks that have cracks or pores in them and can contain water are called previous rocks.	1) Some rocks like granite. Kadapa limestone is very compact and doesn’t have pores in them. Water cannot enter into them. Groundwater usually accumulates above such rocks, Since the water cannot go beneath them, these are called impervious rocks.
2) In Andhra Pradesh we have a few districts like Prakasam where such rocks as sandstones are found.	2) Most of the rocks underlying the soil in our state are of this kind.

Question 14.
What are the minerals dissolved in the groundwater?
Answer:

1. Minerals come from the rocks and soil underneath.
2. Hence depending upon the minerals which mix with the water, the taste and nature of water change.
3. In many mandals of our state, there is an excess quantity of certain minerals like Sodium, Fluoride, Chloride, Iron, Nitrate, etc.
4. Drinking such water is not good for our health and can cause diseases that affect our bones, teeth, etc.

Question 15.
In what way can we increase or recharge groundwater?
Answer:

1. Water flows swiftly on the naked ground, which has no cover of trees or grasses as there is nothing to stop the flow. However, if the flow of the rainwater is checked by vegetation or bunds, then there is a greater possibility of this water percolating into the soil to join the groundwater.
2. Grasses are planted on the hill slopes from where a stream starts and small check dams are also built across streams to store water for a longer time. All this helps to increase or recharge groundwater.
3. Over the last few years, great efforts have been undertaken to ‘harvest’ rainwater by these means.
4. These measures are usually taken for a stream (or) river. Such efforts are called ‘Watershed development projects.
5. Under these projects trees and grasses are planted on the hill slopes from where a stream starts and small bunds are built across small streams to stop the flow of water.
6. Small check dams are also built across streams to store water for a long time.
7. All this helps to increase or ‘recharge’ groundwater.

Question 16.
“Sometimes the water is sweet and sometimes salty.” Explain the reasons for this.
(or)
The groundwater in some areas is salty and in some areas it is sweet. Why?
Answer:
This difference is because of the minerals which are dissolved in the groundwater which is usually mixed with many minerals. These minerals come from the rocks and soils underneath. Hence, depending upon the minerals which mix with the water, the taste and nature of water change. In our state many mandals in Prakasam, Kadapa, and Ananthapur there is an excess quantity of certain minerals like Sodium, Fluoride, Chloride, Iron, Nitrate, etc. Drinking such water is not good for our health and can cause diseases that affect our bones, teeth, etc. In such situations, the drinking water should be properly treated to remove the excess minerals.

Question 17.
Why is the water polluted?
Answer:

1. Many times water is polluted due to the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides or poor: drainage.
2. Sometimes the water is polluted by animals and human beings.
3. Even the ashes of the dead persons and dead animals are thrown into rivers.
4. In villages, people wash their clothes on the banks of rivers and bathe their cattle there.
5. Sometimes the water is polluted by chemicals released from industries and factories reached of the rivers through the drainage system.

Question 18.
What is the need for groundwater sources in India?
Answer:

1. India is an agricultural country. India needs sufficient water to the crops.
2. Seasonal occurrence of rainfall
3. Increase of agricultural production through multiple cropping systems
4. To safeguard areas against droughts
5. To utilize effectively the available water resources
6. Today’s generation has received water from the past as a sacred asset.
7. We should give it to the future generation just as we received it.
8. We should also develop ways of using and conserving water in a restrained manner. Otherwise future generations will fight destructive wars over water and we will be responsible for it.

Question 19.
Can you recall the wells and tube wells in Penamakuru and Salakamcheruvu villages you studied in class VI?
Answer:
Yes, I can recall. The wells in Penamakuru have water at a depth of 15 to 25 feet. The wells in Salakamcheruvu have water at a depth of 100 to 125 feet. They are borewells.

Question 20.
Can you think of ways in which groundwater can be used less without wastage?
Answer:
Water quickly flows into streams and into rivers. However, if the flow of the rainwater were to be checked by vegetation or bunds, then there would be a greater possibility of the water percolating into the soil to join the groundwater.
This is why vegetation like trees and grasses and bunds are used to enhance groundwater. Over the last few years, great efforts have been made to ‘harvest’ rainwater by these means. These measures are usually taken for a stream or river. ” Such efforts are called ‘watershed development projects. Under these projects trees and grasses are planted on the hill slopes from where a stream starts. Also, small bunds are built across small nullahs and streams to stop the flow of water. Small check dams are also built across streams to store water for a longer time.

Question 21.
Explain the decline of tanks in our time.
Answer:
During the last twenty or thirty years, the tanks have been neglected and have been allowed to break down. Repairs to the tanks, desilting, etc., have not been done regularly. People also have gradually taken over the tank land for building houses or for agriculture. As a result in almost every part of the state, we see the sad state of dry tanks lying uncared for. Instead of caring for the tanks, we have been digging deeper and deeper tube wells at great expense. But they only benefit a few and in the long run deplete water resources. On the other hand, tanks build resources for all.

Question 22.
Can you think of a way in which the groundwater in your village can be used equitably so that all families – including those who do not have any land get water? Draw up such plans and discuss them in the class.
Answer:
The village Panchayat should dig a borewell, and pump the water to a tank, and then the water would be supplied to the villagers. Then only the water can be used equitably.

Question 23.
Project: Prepare a report with the following details about the tank in your village or town.
a. Prepare a sketch map of the tank and its nearby areas.
Answer:

b. Find out from where the water comes into the tank and where the excess water goes.
Answer:
Tanks get water from rain. As they are in the low-lying areas they get water when it rains. In times of flood, they overflow and the excess water goes out through drains.

c. Find out the name of the river or stream across which it has been built or the names of the hills near which it has been built.
Answer:
Godavari river / Eastern ghats.

d. Find out what the tank bund is made of and who maintains it.
Answer:
Tank bund is made of heavy stones. A person named ‘Ramulu’ maintains it.

e. Find out who built the tank and when it was built.
Answer:
The tank was built by Smt. Raja Rajeswaramma in 1908.

f. Prepare an illustration of the tank and various things around it or get photographs of the tank.
Answer:
The tank is in Bhimavaram in W.G. District. During the British rule Smt. Raja Rajeswaramma dug the tank for the purpose of drinking water. At the time of opening the tank, she performed ‘Santhi Homa’. She made ‘Annadaana’ also at that time. In those days she spent Rs. 2000/- for all these works. But later it was not in use. In recent years, Bhimavaram municipality is supplying drinking water through ‘Nallas’. Now many people occupied the surroundings of the tank and build shops and temples. Some rich people and politicians are planning to take over the land of the tank for their personal uses.

g. Find out what crops are grown, who controls the water, and how it is regulated and note down.
Answer:
It was a drinking water tank. Nobody is regulating it at present.

Question 24.
Look at the figure given below and answer the following questions:

a. The groundwater level is ………. meters below the ground level.
Answer:
5

b. In summer if the water level goes down to 10 meters below the ground level which of the four wells will go dry?
Answer:
Well 2 and well 3.

c. Which well will have maximum water available?
Answer:
Well-1.

Question 25.
Look at the figure given below and answer the following questions.

a. Can you find how water entered the level below the impervious rock and reached the crack in the rock below?
Answer:
The top portion of these rocks is broken and they carry water. Many of these rocks also have deep cracks going down to 50 or 100 meters in depth. These cracks too contain water.

b. During summer which well will go dry first? Give your reasons.
Answer:
Well ‘W’ will go dry first. The usage of the water will be high from this well.

c. Will there be water in the well even if there is no crack in the rock?
Answer:
Yes, there may be a chance.

Question 26.
Read the following para and answer the questions.
In many mandals the predominant rocks are not granites but rocks of the Kadapa type of limestones. They are also hard but are greatly broken and have a lot of gaps between them allowing water to accumulate in them. In these rocks, water is usually available between three to fifteen meters below the ground level. Wells are therefore dug up to 16 meters deep.
The areas adjacent to the great rivers like the Krishna and the Godavari have deep layers of sand and silt. The water level here depends upon the water in the river. Usually, there is plenty of water. It is nearly five to seven meters below the ground in these areas and it is very easy to dig wells in them.
1. Which rocks are too hard?
Answer:
Rocks of the Kadapa type of limestones

2. Which rocks have a lot of gaps between them?
Answer:
Rocks of Kadapa type of limestone

3. Which areas have deep layers of sand and silt?
Answer:
The areas adjacent to the rivers like the Krishna and Godavari have deep layers of sand and silt.

4. Is it very easy to dig wells in them?
Answer:
Yes, it is easy.

5. How is the water level in these areas?
Answer:
The water level depends upon the water in the river. Usually, there is plenty of water. It is nearly five to seven meters below the groundwater in these areas and it is very easy to dig wells in them.

Question 27.
What are the uses of groundwater?
Answer:

1. Groundwater, like the rivers, is the common resource of all people and not just of those who have landed over aquifers.
2. However, at present, it is being used only by those who have such lands.
3. Those who own land over aquifers tend to overuse the water which decreases the water table for all neighboring people.
4. Some of them dig deeper tube wells which cause a further decline in water level.
5. As a result, the wells in the neighborhood are going dry.
6. If we use the groundwater as a common resource and in a restrained manner, we can ensure that everyone is able to benefit from them.
7. In fact, after a few years, even those who dig deeper tube wells will not have any water left to pump.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 2nd Lesson Rain and Rivers

Question 1.
Write two slogans about the topic “Protection of forests”.
Answer:

1. Take care of the trees, they will take care of you.
2. If you cut a tree, you kill a life.

Question 2.
Name the two rivers which joined into the Bay of Bengal?
Answer:
The Krishna, The Godavari, The Cauvery, The Penna, The Mahanadi etc.

Question 3.
The Southwest Monsoon brings very little rain to Rayalaseema districts. Why?
Answer:
Southwest monsoon brings very little rain as most of the moisture in the clouds fall down in rain in the Western Ghats and only dry clouds and winds reach Rayalaseema.

Question 4.
“Many times river and well water is polluted. Unless we take preventive steps, most of the weli or river water might soon become unsafe for drinking or even bathing.” Write any two causes of pollution of river and well water? Suggest two measures to control water pollution.
Answer:
Causes of pollution of river and well water.

1. Mining of minerals.
2. Chemicals released by factories.
3. Overuse of chemical pesticides and fertilizers.

Preventive measures.

1. Controlling of chemical waste from factories being let out into water bodies.
2. Reduce the use of chemical fertilizers
3. Waste material from mining should be disposed off properly etc.

Question 5.
A graph showing the seasonal rainfall across Andhra Pradesh in 2017 is given below. Study the graph and answer the following questions.
Seasonal Rainfall across Andhra Pradesh in 2017 (in millimetres)

i) In the year 2017, the maximum rainfall in Andhra Pradesh was received from …………..
Answer:
South-West monsoon.
ii) Which region of Andhra Pradesh received more annual rainfall?
Answer:
Coastal Andhra Pradesh.

Question 6.
List four ways water gets stored as it passes through the water cycle.
Answer:
Water gets stored in rivers, canals, tanks, well, ocean, aquifers, underground water, clouds etc.

Question 7.
Study the map given below and answer the following questions.

a) The Chitravathi river is a tributary of which major river systems of Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
Chitravathi River is a tributary of the river Penna river system of Andhra Pradesh.

b) Name two major river systems of Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Krishna, Godavari are the two major rivers of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 8.
Explain the process of evaporation. How does evaporation help in the formation of rain?
Answer:

1. Water bodies are heated up by the Sun’s rays.
2. Then the water becomes vapour.
3. This water vapour rises with hot air and reaches high up in the sky and it gets cooled.
4. With the cooling, water vapour is transformed into tiny water droplets. These droplets gather around minute dust or smoke particles in the air and gradually increase in size.
5. These small water droplets gather to form the clouds.
6. The clouds continue to rise upwards, it gets cooler and more droplets are formed.
7. As they get heavier, it gets more and more difficult for them to remain in the air and they began to fall like raindrops.

Question 9.
Read the table and answer the following questions.

Sl. No.	Name of the River	Origin	Name of Tributary	Which sea does it meet
1	Godavari	Nashik	Manjeera	Bay of Bengal
2	Krishna	Mahabaleswar	Tungabadra	Bay of Bengal
3	Kaveri	Brahmagiri	Hemavathi	Bay of Bengal
4	Penna	Nandi Durga	Papagni	Bay of Bengal
5	Ganges	Gangothri	Yamuna	Bay of Bengal

a) The Tungabadra river is a tributary of which river system?
Answer:
Krishna River system.

b) Among the above river systems, which one belongs to North India?
Answer:
The Ganges.

c) Which river originates from the Himalayas?
Answer:
The Ganges.

d) Which river is called the Southern Ganga?
Answer:
The Godavari river is called as Southern Ganga.

Question 10.
Observe the given below table and answer the following questions.

S.No,	River	Birth Place	Which sea does it meet
1.	Godavari	Nasik	Biiy of Bengal
2.	Krishna	Mahakaleswar	Bay of Bengal
3.	Penna	Nandi Durga Hills	Bay of Bengal
4.	Narmada	Amantak	Arabian Sea
5.	Tapti	Multa	Arabian Sea

Questions:
1) What is the largest river in South India?
Answer:
The Godavari is the largest river in South India.

2) Which river flows in a Westward direction?
Answer:
Narmada & Tapti rivers are flowing in a Westward direction.

3) Which rivers meet the Bay of Bengal?
Answer:
Godavari, Krishna, Penna are the rivers that meet the Bay of Bengal.

4) Which rivers are not flown in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
Narmada & Tapti rivers are not flowing through Andhra Pradesh.

Question 11.
In which season do you think there would be more evaporation in summer or winter?
Answer:
I think in summer there would be more evaporation. There are several water bodies on the earth’s surface – oceans, rivers, lakes, etc. There is constant evaporation of water from these water bodies. In fact, wherever there is moisture, like on a wet cloth, there is evaporation. In summer there would be more evaporation.

Question 12.
When will the evaporation be more, during the day or night?
Answer:
The evaporation will be more during the day.

Question 13.
From which direction does the wind blow during the rainy season?
Answer:
The winds come all the way from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal and they transport the rainy clouds. They are called ‘Monsoon winds’. They are also called ‘South-West Monsoon winds’ as they blow from that direction. These winds blow only in the summer.
There are two arms of the monsoon winds: one blows from the Arabian Sea and the other from the Bay of Bengal, The direction of the winds reverse in the months after October as the winds begin to blow from the Bay of Bengal South-Westwards. This causes heavy rains in October – December months in coastal Andhra Pradesh and moderate rains in Rayalaseema and Telangana districts.

Question 14.
Define Precipitation and Humidity.
Answer:
Precipitation: Different forms of condensation of water vapour is known as precipitation. This may take place in the form of dew, fog, rain, snow, and hail, etc.
Humidity: The amount of invisible water vapour present in the atmosphere is known as humidity. When temperature and humidity are high, we feel uncomfortable. We perspire and the sweat does not evaporate quickly. We feel sticky and such weather is called sultry.

Question 15.
How are floods beneficial to agricultural fields?
Answer:
Flood water carries nutrients and sediments, which are deposited on flood plains, enriching the soil. Rice, paddies are flooded deliberately to take advantage of this natural fertilization process. Floods recharge water sources also.

Question 16.
In what way have the floods affected the villages, agricultural fields and trees?
Answer:
Floods have become a major problem in our country in recent years. Some part of the country or the other is flooded every year during the rainy season.

1. This causes severe damage to people, crops and livestock.
2. Floods affect the poorest most. It is therefore the responsibility of the government to build safe housing for all people.
3. Usually immediately after the floodwaters recede, all sources of water are polluted and become unsafe for drinking. But people especially the poor are forced to use the polluted water and face the risk of several diseases like cholera, dysentery, jaundice, etc.
4. Only those with resources are able to arrange for safe bottled water to drink. Since roads are damaged and it rains heavily, bringing in relief to the worst affected areas is not easy. Here people are forced to rely on their own resources to save themselves.
5. While the immediate damage of the floods is also heavy – like loss of lives, Crops, houses, etc. But more importantly, they also cause long term damages.
6. For example, the life savings of most of the poor stored in the houses in the form of food, tools, cattle, small shops, vehicles, boats, nets, etc., are destroyed.
7. To go back to their work they need to buy all these again. Many families also lose their working members.
8. Daily wage workers face loss*of work for several weeks till normally returns and therefore loss of livelihood. Farmers too not only face loss of crops but also permanent damage to their lands.

Question 17.
How can people meet the challenge of disasters like cyclones and floods? (or)
Explain how people can be prepared to meet the challenges of disasters like cyclones and floods. (or)
Read the following paragraph and answer the question.
The immediate damage of the cyclones is also heavy like loss of lives, crops, houses etc, more importantly, they also cause long term damages. For example, the life savings of most of the poor stored in the houses in the form of food, tools, cattle, small shops, vehicles, boats, nets, etc., are destroyed, Many families may lose their working members. Farmers too not only face loss of crops but also permanent damage to their lands.
Q. Interpretation of the devices, suggestions that you can give during cyclone times to the Government.
Answer:
This can be done through long term planning by governments and close cooperation between the people and government agencies. Today, with the installation of early warning systems by the government, it is possible to predict the possibilities of natural disasters like cyclones and floods. Governments thus put in place these systems and inform people about the possibility of disasters.
Governments are also responsible for providing for the long-term security of all people by building strong roads which are not easily destroyed, safe pucca houses for those living in vulnerable areas like sea coast or along the rivers or in low lands. Food, water and medical emergency teams should be kept ready whenever there is a forecast of cyclones.

Question 18.
Can forest and vegetation help in reducing droughts?
Answer:
Yes. The vegetation and forest can help the rainwater to percolate into the soil. By using this percolated water, they can give us some food during droughts. These also reduce soil erosion and its fertility. This helps the cattle during droughts.

Question 19.
What do you think is the direction of slope in Andhra Pradesh – from North to South or East to West or West to East?
Answer:
West to East.

Question 20.
Have you ever observed dew? Where is it formed?
Answer:
Yes, I have observed dew during mornings and evenings on car roofs, grass leaves, and railings etc.

Question 21.
In which part of the day will you find fog?
Answer:
In morning.

Question 22.
In which season do you have more foggy days?
Answer:
In winter.

Question 23.
Have you ever seen snowfall? How is it different from rainfall?
Answer:
Yes. Rainfall is a liquid state of matter whereas snowfall is a fall of snow.

Question 24.
Have you ever experienced a hail storm?
Answer:
Yes. I have experienced the hail storm.

Question 25.
Study the following figure and answer the questions.

a. Mark the flow of the river with arrows.
Answer:
(Marked on the figure.)
b. Mark the slope of the land with – arrows.
Answer:
(Marked on the figure.)
c. Does the river flow in the same direction as that of the slope of the land?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 26.
Observe the following figures and answer the following questions.

a. Has the river water covered the entire flood – plain or is it confined to the tiny stream that was flowing in the dry season?
Answer:
The river water is confined to the tiny stream in the dry season.

b. Is the water confined to the flood plain or has it overflown the banks of the river?
Answer:
The water is confined to the flood plain only.

c. In what way have the floods affected the villages, agricultural fields and trees?
Answer:
Refer Q.No. 6 under the section ‘Conceptual Understanding’.

d. How are floods beneficial to agricultural fields?
Answer:
Floods are beneficial to agricultural fields if they are harvested in air wells, dew ponds, canals, tanks and check dams, etc.

Question 27.
Observe the following diagrams.

Answer the following questions.
Define the water cycle.
Answer:
The cycle of water evaporating from the seas, becoming clouds in the sky, coming down as rain and flowing down the slope on the land in the form of rivers and finally joining the sea again is called the water cycle.

b. Name some water bodies.
Answer:
There are several water bodies on the earth’s surface – oceans, rivers, lakes, etc.

c. Where do you think maximum evaporation would take place-from plants, rivers, oceans or soils?
Answer:
From oceans.

d. When do you think there is more evaporation during the day or night?
Answer:
The more evaporation is during the day.

e. Can you say what is the first stage of the water cycle?
Answer:
The cycle of water evaporating from the seas becoming clouds in the sky.

f. Look at the diagram and make a list of all places from which evaporation takes place.
Answer:
Ponds, trees, rivers, soil and oceans.

Question 28.
Can forests and vegetation help in reducing droughts?
Answer:

1. Vegetation cover on the land (trees, plants, grass, etc.) obstructs the runoff of rainwater and slows down the speed of its flow. This slowing down helps the rainwater to percolate into the soil.
2. Floods are often caused by a sudden increase in the volume of water reaching a river. Vegetation allows the water to flow slowly into the river, thus preventing sudden flooding.
3. It also helps to increase the amount of water, which goes into the soil.
4. Vegetation also helps to prevent floods in another way.
5. It reduces the erosion of soil by rainwater.
6. If the surface of the land is covered with vegetation, soil erosion is greatly reduced.
7. In recent years there has been a large scale felling of trees and hence the forest cover in the Himalayas has been reduced considerably.
8. As a result, every time there is heavy rainfall, the rainwater rapidly flows down the slopes of the mountains and fills up the flood plain of the river. This results in frequent floods, which cause heavy damage to life and property along the river.

Question 29.
Explain about the flood – plain of the river.
Answer:

1. A river does not contain the same amount of water all year round. While the river is full during the rainy season, it usually shrinks during the dry season. We can see that the river trough is very wide and it has high banks.
2. This valley is filled with sand and gravel. The river flows as a small stream amidst them.
3. We will notice that there are no trees here.
4. This is because every year when it rains heavily, this valley is filled with water allowing no permanent trees or plants to grow here.
5. This treeless bed is called the flood – plain of the river. All major rivers have their flood plains.

Question 30.
What were the destructive cyclones mentioned in the lesson? Explain them.
Answer:
Our state has a long coastline and is frequently faced with very destructive cyclones. When heavy winds blow from the sea, heavy rains lash the lands, and high waves make the sea very unsafe. These usually occur between June and December. The worst cyclone hit the state in November 1977, perhaps, the worst cyclonic storm to hit the Indian shores. Six-metre high tidal waves swept across villages in coastal Andhra Pradesh, killing 9941 people. At least 100 villages were washed away by the cyclonic storms and the ensuing floods. Seen from the air, it seemed like a sheet of water drawn over the affected areas floating in the swirling waters. About 100 people who left their homes to seek shelter in a building in Bapatla town died when the building collapsed. Most lives were lost in Diviseema, Krishna District. Recently in 2014 “Hud Hud” cyclone created huge destruction in Vishakapatnam.

Question 31.
Why do you think it is necessary for the clouds to rise in -order to cause rain?
Answer:
As the clouds continue to rise upwards, it gets cooler and more droplets are formed. The droplets get together to form bigger drops. As they get heavier it gets more and more difficult for them to remain in the air and so they begin to fall as raindrops. So it is necessary for the clouds to rise in order to cause rain.

Question 32.
Locate the following on the map of Andhra Pradesh.

1. Godavari
2. Krishna River
3. Tungabhadra
4. Penna River
5. Bay of Bengal
6. Vamsadhara
7. Nagavali
8. Chitravathi
9. Papagni

Answer:

Question 33.
Look at the map given below showing rainfall received in different parts of Andhra Pradesh.

i) Does your district receive high rainfall or moderate rainfall or low rainfall?
Answer:
Our district is It is and receives rainfall. (Self exercise)

ii) Which town has the least/highest rainfall – Ongole, Anantapur, Machilipatnam?
Answer:
Highest – Machilipatnam, Least – Anantapur

iii) Make some more questions and ask each other.
a. Does Chittoor district receive high rainfall?
Answer:
No, it receives low rainfall (between 60 cms to 99 cms. )

b. Name two districts that receive moderate rainfall.
Answer:
Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam receive moderate rainfall.

c. Which district receives very low rainfall?
Answer:
Ananthapur district. It receives very low rainfall, (below 60 cm)

d. Name two districts that receive low rainfall.
Answer:
Guntur and Prakasam.

Question 34.
a) Look at the physical map of India in your Atlas and identify the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.
i) the Western Ghats are spread across the following states …………………
ii) the Eastern Ghats are spread across the following states …………………
Answer:
i. Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra
ii. Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu

b) In which region do Western and Eastern Ghats intersect?
Answer:
The western and eastern ghats intersect in the region of Nilgiris (Tamilnadu).

c) First, create rough outlines of India in a notebook; then draw the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats; After that, roughly mark the areas that are in Rayalaseema and Kostha; Finally, label them with months in which it rains.
Answer:
Student’s activity.

Question 35.
Make a diagram to explain how vapour is transformed into clouds. Label your diagram with these terms – earth, sky, rising vapour, cloud, dust particles, water droplets, clouds…
Answer:

Student’s activity.

Question 36.
Observe the following map and answer the questions.

1. Towards which parts of the country will the winds take the clouds on the Bay of Bengal?
Answer:
North-East parts.

2. Towards which parts of the country will the winds take the clouds on the Arabian Sea?
Answer:
South/West/East/North.

3. From which direction will the winds blow to bring monsoon rains to West Bengal, Lucknow and Delhi?
Answer:
North-East.

4. From which direction will the winds blow to bring monsoon rains to Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore?
Answer:
South-West.

5. From which direction does the wind blow during the rainy season?
Answer:
The wind blows from South-West to North-East during the rainy season.

Question 37.
Look at the map and answer the questions.

a. Look at the given physical map of India and identify Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats.
Answer:
Self Exercise.

b. In which direction of Andhra Pradesh are the Western Ghats?
Answer:
Westside.

c. Now create rough outlines of India in a notebook – then draw imaginary hills, along ‘The Western Ghats’, Eastern Ghats. Roughly mark the areas that are in Rayalaseema and Telangana. And label them with months in which it rains.
Answer:
Self exercise.

Question 36.
Look at the map and prepare a list of rivers that rise from/flow through.
Answer:

Western Ghats	Rayalaseema	Eastern Ghats
Krishna	Tungabhadra	Krishna
Godavari	Penna	Godavari
Penna		Penna

Question 37.
Can you explain the causes of devastating floods? In what way is it a natural occurrence and in what way is it man-made?
Answer:
Climate change has contributed to a rise in extreme weather events. This is a natural occurrence. Deforestation is also the cause of devastating floods. Thus this is the man-made way.

Question 38.
In which months of the year does it rain most in your place? List three rainiest months.
Answer:
June, July and Aug.

Question 39.
Name three driest months.
Answer:
October, November and December.

Question 40.
Do you have ‘normal’ rainfall every year in your place or does it vary every year?
Answer:
It varies every year.

Question 41.
Have you ever experienced drought years in which it rained very little?
Answer:
Yes, I have experienced drought years in which it rained very little.

Question 42.
Have you ever experienced flood years in which it rained too much?
Answer:
Yes, I have experienced flood years in which it rained too much.

Question 43.
Define water cycle and evaporation.
Answer:
a) Water cycle: The process of water evaporating from the seas, forming clouds in the sky, coming down as rain and flowing down the slopes on land in the form of rivers and finally joining the sea is called the water cycle.
b) Evaporation: The change of water into vapour is known as evaporation. The process in which water vapour changes into water is called condensation. Clouds are tiny droplets of water hanging in the air above.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 1st Lesson Reading Maps of Different Kinds

Question 1.
What are contour lines?
Answer:
The lines which are joining the places with equal heights are called contour lines.

Question 2.
Write two uses of a physical map.
Answer:

1. A physical map is one that shows the physical landscape features of a place.
2. Mountains and elevation changes are usually shown with different colors and shades to show relief.
3. Normally on physical maps, green shows lower elevations while browns show
   high elevations.

Question 3.
What is a map? What are the different types of maps?
Answer:
A map is a representation of the total or a part of the earth’s surface drawn on flat surfaces.
Maps are of many types. They are political maps, physical maps, thematic maps, weather maps, railway route maps and population maps, etc.

Question 4.
Describe the contour lines. (or)
Write any two characteristics of the counter lines.
Answer:

1. A contour is a line joining the places with equal heights.
   On the map of Nippur we would have seen that there is a line passing through the village, this is. the 50-meter contour line.
   
2. All places on this line will have the same height of 50 meters.
3. Contour lines will be in irregular shape depending upon the landform.
4. These can’t cut with each other.
5. The distance between two contour lines will depend upon the landscape.
6. If the land has a steep climb, then the contour lines will be near to each other.
7. If the slope of the land is gentle, then the contour lines will be quite far from each other.

Question 5.
What are physical maps?
Answer:
They show natural features of the earth like mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc., and depict the heights of places.
Eg: Physical map of the world.
In these maps, we will usually find different parts of the land coloured in green, yellow, brown.

Question 6.
How do symbols help in reading maps?
Answer:
It is not possible to draw a map in the actual shape and size with different features such as buildings, roads, rivers, bridges, trees, railway lines, etc. So they are shown by using certain letters, shades, colours, pictures, and lines. These symbols give a lot of information and help in reading maps. These symbols are called conventional symbols.

Question 7.
What is a map? Describe its major features.
Answer:
It is a representation of the Earth’s surface or its part on a flat surface according to scale. Maps are useful for various purposes. A map shows a large area on a small scale.

1. It gives much information as a book.
2. Maps can be made for different purposes.
3. A collection of these maps can give detailed information.

Question 8.
Observe the following and answer the given questions.

a. Mark the direction of flow of the river.
Answer:
From North East to South West.

b. The height of the lowest land is between ………. meters and ………… meters.
Answer:
Zero; Twenty.

c. There are two high points on this map. What are their heights?
Answer:
Their heights are 21 to 30 meters; 41 to 50 meters.

Question 9.
Look at a few maps in later chapters of this book and list out the objects in the given map in the following table:
Answer:

Print Symbol	Line Symbol	Area Symbol
1. Temple	1. Road	1. Play ground
2. Delhi	2. River	2. Play ground
3. Kalyani	3. Fluctuating frontier	3. Chola empire

Question 10.
Observe the following and answer the questions.

a. How many meters above sea level is the temple?
Answer:
The temple is 100 meters above sea level.

b. Which settlement was located 50 meters above Sea level.
Answer:
Nimpur village is located 50 meters above sea level.

c. How many meters above sea level is the top of the hill?
Answer:
The top of the hill is 150 meters above sea level.

d. Tell whether Nimpur would be submerged if sea waters were to flood up to 30 meters?
Answer:
No, the village is 50 meters above sea level.

Question 11.
Draw the symbols of the following.

1. Broad Gauge Railway
2. Metre Gauge Railway
3. River
4. Well
5. Tank
6. Temple
7. Church
8. Mosque
9. Post Office
10. Police Station
11. Post and Telegraph Office
12. Kutcha Road.

Answer:

Question 12.
Read the following para and answer the questions.
The point, Line, Area: We use symbols to show any physical object on the map.
If we are asked to show Delhi in India map, we will mark a point and label it j as Delhi, To show the river Godavari, we draw a line along its course, for the Railway line we will draw a track line to represent it. In the Andhra Pradesh map, if we want to show the area of Krishna or Guntur district, we demarcate its boundary and mark it with some color or pattern, which is known as a real symbol. Thus all physical objects are shown on the map with the help of a point, line, or area symbol.
1. What are the symbols we use to show any physical object on the map?
Answer:
The point, Line, Area.

2. When do we use ‘’ symbol?
Answer:
We use symbol to mark a city on the map.

3. When should we draw a line?
Answer:
To show a river on a map, we should draw a line.

4. How can we show the area of Krishna or Guntur in a map?
Answer:
If we want to show the area of Krishna or Guntur district, we demarcate its boundary and mark it with some colour or pattern, which is known as a real symbol.

Question 13.
Read the following para and answer the questions.

Contour Lines

A contour is a line joining the places with equal heights. On the map of Nimpur you would have seen that there is a line passing through the village, this is the 50-meter contour line. All places on this line will have the same heights of 50 meters. Contour lines will be in irregular shape depending upon the landform. These cannot cut with each other. The distance between two contour lines will depend upon the landscape. If the land has a steep climb, then the contour lines will be near to each other. If the slope of the land is gentle, then the contour lines will be quite far from each other.
1. What is a contour?
Answer:
A contour is a line joining the places with equal heights.

2. What is the contour line on the map of Nimpur?
Answer:
On the map of Nimpur we can see a line passing through the village. This is the 50-meter contour line.

3. What is the shape of contour lines?
Answer:
Contour lines will be in irregular shape depending upon the land form.

4. When will be the contour lines near to each other?
Answer:
If the land has a steep climb, then the contour lines will be near to each other.

5. When will be the contour lines far from each other?
Answer:
If the slope of the land is gentle, then the contour lines will be quite far from each other.

Question 14.
How can we represent the heights of land on flat paper?
Answer:
Drawing of Nimpur Village:

In Atlas, we can find some maps called ‘Physical Maps’. In these maps, we will find different types of land colored in green, yellow or brown. Actually, they show the variety of landforms and depict the heights of places. Here the height of the hills hides what is behind them. A map has to show all places without hiding them. One way in which we can show heights on maps is through the use of color.

Question 15.
Observe the following map and answer the given questions.

a. Look at the symbols shown on the map. Now try to find out the boundary of Andhra Pradesh. Trace your finger over the entire length of the boundary.
Answer:
Self exercise.

b. Draw the symbol for the boundary of a state and the symbol for the boundary of India (international boundary) in your notebook.
Answer:
Self exercise.

c. Can you make a list of states which lie to the North, South, West of Andhra Pradesh? What lies to the East of the state?
Answer:
North: Telangana, Chattisgarh
West: Karnataka
South: Tamilnadu
East: Bay of Bengal

d. In class VI you have also learned to measure distances between places with the help of the ‘scale’ given in the map. Now try to find out the distance between Hyderabad and various state capitals like Jaipur, Imphal, Gandhinagar, and Tiruvananthapuram.
Answer:
1. Jaipur: 1443 km.
2. Imphal: 2854 km
3. Tiruvananthapuram: 1315 km
4. Dehradun: 1677 km
5. Bengaluru: 562 km
6. Bhubaneshwar: 1075 km
7. Kolkata: 1516 km
8. Chennai: 688 km
9. Delhi: 1499 km

Question 16.
Hang a political map of India in the class. Look at the map carefully and answer the following questions:

i) Krishna Reddy went to Bhopal from, Hyderabad. In which direction did he travel?
Answer:
North.

ii) Ashok went to Chennai from Lucknow. In which direction did he travel?
Answer:
South

iii) Regina went to Bhubaneshwar from Mumbai. In which direction did she travel?
Answer:
East

iv) Weprechu went to Jaipur from Kohima. In which direction did he travel?
Answer:
West
Note: Make more such questions and ask each other students’ interactions.

Question 17.
Read the map given below and answer the following questions.

a) Name the city which is the common capital of two Northern states.
Answer:
Chandigarh.

b) Mention one state that shares its boundaries with Pakistan.
Answer:
Rajasthan, Gujarath, Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir.

c) Mention one state on Eastern Coast.
Answer:
Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, West Bengal.

d) Mention two states that are sharing their boundaries with Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana Chattisgarh, and Odisha.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

These AP 6th Class Social Important Questions 12th Lesson Towards Equality will help students prepare well for the exams.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Important Questions 12th Lesson Towards Equality

Question 1.
What is called equality?
Answer:
The state of being equal is called equality.

Question 2.
Who is Mariappan Thangavelu?
Answer:
Mariyappan Thangavelu is a child with a disability in his right leg. He won the gold medal in the men’s high jump in 2016 at the Rio Paralympics.

Question 3.
Mention some eminent women who can be treated as role models.
Answer:
Indira Gandhi worked as prime minister of India. Sindhu from badminton, cricket captain Mithaliraj, the female ISRO scientists, writer Arundhati Roy and the world’s number one boxer Marycom are role models to many people.

Question 4.
Define inequality and discrimination.
Answer:
Inequality means not being treated equally. We find economic, social, and political inequalities in society. Discrimination means being negative towards people basing on color, religion, and gender.

Question 5.
What is the discrimination Dr. Ambedkar faced?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar faced caste discrimination. He belonged to a depressed family and suffered discrimination throughout his childhood. Later he fought actively for equality among the citizens of India.

Question 6.
Write about Gender discrimination.
Answer:
Gender discrimination refers to inequalities between men and women in India. A girl is hot allowed to go to college after finishing her schooling. Most of the girls are not allowed to select a career of their choice. They are forced to get married. When compared to the past this discrimination was less at present.

Question 7.
Explain racial discrimination.
Answer:
Racial discrimination is discrimination against individuals on the basis of their skin color, or racial or ethnic origin. While traveling by train to Pretoria in South Africa, Gandhiji experienced racial discrimination. Though he is traveling with a first-class ticket, he was indiscriminately thrown out of the brain by the authorities with the encouragement of a white man.

Question 8.
Write about Dr. Anandibai Joshi.
Answer:
Dr. Anandibai Joshi was the first Indian female doctor. Her son lived a life of only ten days and then died. This sorrow inspired her to study medicine. She got an M.D. degree in 1886. She suffered from tuberculosis. She died in 1887 in Pune.

Question 9
What is the root cause of inequalities or discrimination?
Answer:
Lack of education, power, faiths, occupations, wealth, and traditions had created inequality and discrimination in our society.

Question 10.
Name some social reformers who fought against inequalities and discrimination.
Answer:
During the early 19th century Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwara Chandra Vidyasagar, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, fought Kandukuri Veeresalingam Panthulu, and Pandita Ramabai against inequalities and discrimination. During the second half of the 19th century Shri Narayana Guru, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, C.V.Ramaswamy Naiker, Jyotibai Phule, and Savitribai Phulefought against the caste system.

Question 11.
What are the steps taken to achieve equality after achieving independence in 1947?
Answer:
After achieving independence in 1947 our leaders focussed on different kinds of inequalities. Untouchability was abolished by Law. People are free to choose the kind of work they wish to do. Government jobs are Open to all people. The government treated all religions equally. All the people are given equal importance.

Question 12.
Name some articles framed by the Constitution to achieve equality.
Answer:

1. Article 14 provides equality before the law.
2. Article 15(1) of the Constitution states that the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them.
3. Article 16 provides equality of opportunities in matters of public employment.
4. ARTICLE 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability as an offense and anyone doing so is punishable by law.
5. Reservations are given to suppressed classes to get equal status.
6. Fundamental rights are also given.

Question 13.
Write a few lines about Nelson Mandela.
Answer:
Former South African President Nelson Mandela, was freed in 1990 and successfully achieved victory over racial, discrimination in South Africa. He brought peace to a racially divided country. He was awarded Bharata Ratna in 1990 by the Indian Government. He is also known as Gandhi of South Africa.

Question 14.
Write about Sindhutai.
Answer:

1. Sindhutai Sapkal is a renowned social worker who focused on the lives of orphaned children.
2. Sindhutai was born in 1948.
3. She adopted 1200 orphans. She won 750 awards.
4. On International Women’s Day in 2018, President Ram Nath Kovind honored Sindhutai^with Nari Shakti Puraskar. Through her inspiring journey, we can know that nothing is impossible.

Question 15.
What can we know from the lives of great people?
Answer:
A committed individual can achieve anything in the world. As Dr. Abdul Kalam said we may not have equal talent. But we all have equal opportunities to develop our talent.

These AP 6th Class Social Important Questions 11th Lesson Indian Culture, Languages and Religions will help students prepare well for the exams.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Important Questions 11th Lesson Indian Culture, Languages and Religions

Question 1.
What is Culture?
Answer:
Culture is a continuous process that we inherit from past generations to create future generations. Culture is the way of life of the people living in a society.

Question 2.
Write about the Indian Culture.
Answer:
Unity in diversity is one major feature of Indian culture which makes it unique. Indian culture is composite and dynamic. The culture of India is very ancient. It began about 5,000 years ago. Indians made significant advances in yoga, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.

Question 3.
What is the importance of language?
Answer:
Humans are the only living things on the earth that speak ‘language’. We think and understand with the help of language. We communicate with each other with the help of language. Learning becomes easier with the evolution of language.

Question 4.
What are the methods used by people in the beginning to write?
Answer:
In the beginning, people wrote on cloth, leaves, barks, etc. In many parts of South India they wrote on palm leaves. They used pins to write on the dried leaves. They drew pictures and symbols. Gradually the script we are using was developed.

Question 5.
What are the famous books written in earlier days?
Answer:
Popular epics Valmiki Ramayana and Vyasa Mahabharatha were written in Sanskrit. Aryabhatta wrote a book called ‘Aryabhattiyam’. ‘Charaka Samhita’ and ‘Sushruta Samhita’ are the books that laid the foundation for Ayurveda, Sushruta Samhita focuses on surgery.

Question 6.
What are the official languages of India?
Answer:
Hindi and English are the official languages of India.

Question 7.
What are the books written on Ayurvedam?
Answer:
Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita are books written on Ayurvedam. Sushruta Samhita focussed on Surgery.

Question 8.
What is the major feature of Indian culture which makes it unique?
Answer:
“Unity in Diversity” is the major feature of Indian culture which makes it unique.

Question 9.
What is called the Sikh temple?
Answer:
Gurudwara is the name of the Sikh Temple.

Question 10.
Name the Symbol of Hinduism.
Answer:
Om is the symbol of Hinduism.

Question 11.
Where is ‘The Kaaba’ located?
Answer:
The Kaaba is located in Mecca in Saudi Arabia.

Question 12.
What is the first name of Gautama Buddha?
Answer:
Siddhartha Gautam is the first name of Gautama Buddha.

Question 13.
Name the holy book of the Muslims.
Answer:
The Quran is the holy book of Muslims.

Question 14.
Define the term ‘Unity in Diversity.
Answer:
The concept which is incorporating unity among people with diverse cultures and religions is known as ‘Unity in Diversity.

Question 15.
Write about Vardhamana.
Answer:
Vardhamana was born in 599 BCE in Vaishali. His parents were Siddhartha and Trishala. He was a prince by birth. His wife’s name was Yasoda and he had a daughter Priyadarsini. He was also known by titles Mahavira, Tirthankara, and Jina. He attained moksha in 527 BCE.

Question 16.
Write briefly about ‘Jainism’?
Answer:
Jainism is an ancient Indian religion. People who follow this religion are known as Jains. Twenty-four ‘Tirthankaras enriched this religion. The word Jain is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Jina’. The most famous Tirthankara is Mahavira. The main aim of Jainism is to attain Moksha. When the soul achieves Kaivalya or Jina, it is liberated from the karmas. That state of happiness is known as Nirvana. The people who have reached moksha are called Tirthankaras.

Question 17.
What are the doctrines of Jainism?
Answer:
Doctrines of Jainism:

1. Ahimsa – Non-violence
2. Satya – Truthfulness
3. Asteya – Non-stealing
4. Aparigraha – Non-possessiveness
5. Brahmacharya – Centeredness

Question 18.
What are the three qualities to be observed in Jainism?
Answer:
The three qualities to be observed in Jainism are called Triratnas. They are:

1. Samyak Darshan – Right faith,
2. Samyak Gyan – Right knowledge
3. Samyak Charitra – Right conduct.

Question 19.
Write about Tirumala temple?
Answer:
Lord Venkateswara Temple is at Tirumala in the Chittoor district. It is located in the Seshachalam hills. It is one of the prominent temples for the Hindus. Hindus think that Sri Venkateswara is the incarnation of Lord Vishnu.

Question 20.
Briefly write about Gautama Buddha.
Answer:
Gautama Buddha was born in Lumbini (Nepal) in 563 BCE. He was named Siddhartha. He was born to the ruler of Kapilavastu, Suddhodana, and his queen Maya Devi. He married Yashodhara and had a son named Rahul.

Question 21.
What brings a change in Siddhartha? What did he do then?
Answer:
Siddhartha saw a sick person, an old man, a monk, and a dead body during his travel. Then he realized the true nature of life. So, he left his kingdom and his family and went in search of truth and peace. After 6 years, he got enlightenment. The tree under which he became enlightened is named ‘Bodhi Vriksha’. He achieved his Nirvana in 483 BCE in Khushinagar, Uttar Pradesh.

Question 22.
What are Tripitikas?
Answer:
Holy books of Buddhism are known as Tripitikas. They are the collection of Buddha life, teachings, and philosophical discourses.

Question 23.
What are the sacred books of the Hindu religion? What are the important festivals of the Hindu religion?
Answer:
The Bhagawad Gita is the holy book for Hindus. Vedas, Upanishads, The Ramayana, The Mahabharata are also regarded as sacred books. Sankranthi, Diwali, Dasara, etc., are important festivals for the Hindus.

Question 24.
Write about Jesus Christ.
Answer:
Christianity is spread across the world. The founder of Christianity was Jesus Christ. The Bible is the holy book of the Christians and it contains the teachings of Christ. Jesus was born in Bethlehem. His mother was Mary. When he was about thirty years old, he left his home and moved from place to place. He served the weak and the poor. Jesus was accused as a traitor and was crucified.

Question 25.
Briefly explain Islam.
Answer:
Mohammad is considered a prophet or messenger of Allah. The teachings of Allah are written in a book called Quran. It is the holy book of Islam. Prophet Mohammad taught that all men are brothers. He emphasized the importance of love for the whole of humanity. Prophet taught that there is only one God.

Question 26.
Read the paragraph given below and comment on it.
India is a vast country. It includes the people of many religions, castes, tribes, languages, dance, music, architecture, food, dress, customs, and beliefs. India has the greatest heritage and culture. It is unique. It has a special identity in the world. Traditions differ from one place to another in India. It is a combination of several customs and traditions.
Answer:
India is a unique and vast country. It has a great heritage and culture. It includes people of many religions, customs, and beliefs. India has a special identity in the world. India is a combination of several customs and traditions.

Question 27.
Write about Sikhism.
Answer:
Sikhism is a faith whose followers are called “Sikhs”. The word Sikh means Student or Disciple. Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism. The Sikh temple is called ‘Gurudwara’. The holy book is Guru Granth Sahib for the Sikhs.

Question 28.
Observe the below given Indian map.

1. In how many states do people speak Hindi?
Answer:
9.

2. Name the language which the people of Assom speak.
Answer:
Assami.

3. Name the language which the people of Maharashtra speak.
Answer:
Marathi.

4. Name the language which the people of Kerala speak.
Answer:
Malayalam.

5. Name the two states in which people speak one language.
Answer:
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

6. Name the state where Konkan is spoken.
Answer:
Goa.

Question 29.
What are the main features of Hinduism?
Answer:
The main features of Hinduism:

1. Service to man is service to god.
2. The whole world is one family. (Vasudhaika kutumbam)
3. Pursuit of moksha through penance. (Tapas)
4. The practice of Chaturvidha Purusharthas (Four types of practices like Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha). The term ‘Hindu’ derives from the word ‘Sindhu’. The term ‘Hindu’ derives from the word ‘Sindhu’.
5. The practice of four ashramas – Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha, and Sanyasa.

These AP 6th Class Social Important Questions 10th Lesson Local Self-Government will help students prepare well for the exams.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Important Questions 10th Lesson Local Self-Government

Question 1.
From what sources does the Panchayat receive funds?
Answer:
The Panchayat receives funds from these sources:

1. Collection of taxes on houses, market places, etc.
2. Government scheme funds are received through various departments of the government – through the Janapad and Zilla Panchayats.
3. Donations for community works etc.

Question 2.
What various works does a Gram Panchayat do?
Answer:
A Gram Panchayat does various works. These works include:

1. The construction and maintenance of water sources, roads, drainage, school buildings, and other common property resources.
2. Levying and collecting local taxes.
3. Executing government schemes related to generating employment in the village.

Question 3.
Describe the functions of the Gram Sabha.
Answer:
The Gram Sabha performs various tasks :

1. It keeps control of the Gram Panchayat. It makes the Gram Panchayat play its role and be responsible.
2. It is the place where all plans for the work of the Gram Panchayat are placed before the people.
3. The Gram Sabha prevents the Panchayat from doing wrong things which may include misusing funds or favoring certain people.

Question 4.
What is BLO?
Answer:
Booth Level Officer.

Question 5.
What is the duty of the booth level officer?
Answer:
The Booth level officer visits every house to check whether there are any changes in the voter’s list.

Question 6.
What is a ward? Explain in detail.
Answer:
A village is usually divided into a few ‘wards’ in such a way that all the wards have an almost an equal number of voters. Each ward elects one member to the village panchayat, called ‘Ward Member’. This ensures that people from all localities of the. village are represented. A person who attains 21 years of age or above can contest the election.

Question 7.
Write about the reservations in Gram Panchayats.
Answer:
Earlier it was difficult for women to get elected as ward members or a sarpanch. There is no representation for women even though they are 50% of the population. In parliament, it was decided that at least 1/3rd of all panchayat ward members and sarpanches will be reserved for them. Only women have to contest for those seats. In our state reservation to women extended to 50%.
Similarly, reservations are provided for SC/ST/BCs also. Panchayats function as a representative institutions of all people in the rural areas.

Question 8.
Write about elections to the panchayat.
Answer:
Elections to Gram Panchayats take place once in every five years. During these elections, every voter casts two votes- one to elect the ward member and another to elect the sarpanch. The person who gets the maximum votes is declared elected.

Question 9.
Write about sarpanch.
Answer:
The sarpanch is the head of the Gram Panchayat. He implements all the decisions of Panchayat. He looks day to day working of Panchayat. He is also responsible for the income and expenditure of the Panchayat.

Question 10.
Who is upa-sarpanch?
Answer:
Sarpanch and ward members elect one of the ward members as the deputy or upa- sarpanch through the indirect election. The upa-sarpanch acts in the absence of the sarpanch.

Question 11.
Write about Grama Sachivaiayam?
Answer:
Grama Sachivaiayam was started on October 2nd, 2019 in Andhra Pradesh. The main aim of Grama Sachivaiayam is to provide government services to the public effectively, transparently, and with accountability. There will be 11 employees of all sections. They will know the problems of the village and solve them immediately. It is a good move of the Government because the villagers need not go to the Panchayat office repeatedly to get the problem solved.

Question 12.
Write about Grama Volunteer.
Answer:
The grama Volunteer system was started on August 15th, 2019. One Grama Volunteer will be appointed for every 50 houses. If any problem in government services comes to the notice of the volunteer, he will report to the Grama Sachivaiayam immediately and the problem will get solved. It is one of the best services of the government. The person who faces the problem need not go to the Grama Sachivaiayam Office. Grama volunteer will solve the problem. So, 1 can say it is one of the best organisations started by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 13.
Briefly explain Mandal and Zilla Parishad.
Answer:
20-40 grama panchayats come under a Mandal Parishad. All the Mandal Parishads in the district come under the Zilla Parishad. The members of the Mandal Parishad are elected directly by the voters. Some members of Mandal Parishad are nominated.
The members of Mandal Parishad elect one member as Mandal President and another member as Vice President through the indirect election.
The Zilla Parishad members are elected by voters directly. Some members of Zilla Parishad are nominated. The Zilla Parishad members elect one member among them as Chairman and another member as Vice – Chairman in the indirect election.
The Zilla Parishad and the Mandal Parishad coordinate the activities of the Panchayats in the district and the Mandal, approve their plans, and coordinate the allocation of funds.

Question 14.
How many kinds of Municipal bodies are there? What are they?
Answer:
There are 3 kinds of Municipal bodies. They are classified according to the population.

1. Nagar Panchayat: It consists of a 20,000 to 40,000 population.
2. Municipal Council: It consists of 40,000 to 3,00,000 population.
3. Municipal Corporation: It consists of more than 3,00,000 people.

Question 15.
Explain Nagar Panchayat.
Answer:
Nagar Panchayat has a committee consisting of a Chairman and Ward Councillors. Membership consists of a minimum of ten elected ward members and three nominated members. The Councillors or Ward members are chosen in the direct election from wards and their term is 5 years.

Question 16.
Write about Municipal Council.
Answer:
Each Municipality has Municipal Council with elected members who are known as “Councillors” and nominated members. The area of the Municipality is divided into wards and divisions. The Ward Councillors are elected directly every five years. These Councillors and the other members of the council together choose the Municipal Chairman indirectly.

Question 17.
Locate the following municipalities in Andhra Pradesh.

1. Rajamahendravaram
2. Kakinada
3. Guntur
4. Ongole
5. Nellore

Answer:

Question 18.
Write about Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Municipal Corporation consists of elected members known as “Corporators” and nominated members. The area of Municipal Corporation is divided into wards and divisions. The Ward Corporators are elected directly every five years. These Corporators and the other nominated members of the corporation together choose the Mayor of the Municipal Corporation indirectly.

Question 19.
How do the urban local bodies work?
Answer:
The Municipalities have a lot of tasks to perform. Besides Councillors or Corporators, these municipalities employ a large number of workers, officers, clerks, and accountants. Each Municipality has a number of departments each headed by an officer who is responsible for that department. Councilors or Corporators keep in touch with the people of the ward and understand their needs and problems and discuss them in municipal meetings.

Question 20.
What is the oldest municipality in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
Bheemunipatnam was the oldest municipality in Andhra Pradesh. It was established in 1861.

Question 21.
Write the main aims of the Grama Sachivalayam system and Grama Volunteers.
Answer:
The main aim of Grama Sachivalayam is to provide government services to the public effectively, transparently, and with accountability.
The main aim of Grama Volunteer is to deliver government services at the doorstep of all eligible households irrespective of caste/creed/religion/gender and political affiliation.

Question 22.
Mention the names of the functionaries in Grama Sachivalayam.
Answer:
There are 11 village secretariat functionaries in each Grama Sachivalayam.
They are:

1. Panchayat Secretary (Convenor/DDO).
2. VRO (Village Revenue Officer).
3. Survey Assistant.
4. ANM (Auxiliary Nurse and Midwife)
5. Veterinary/Fisheries.
6. Mahila Police and Women & Child Welfare Assistant
7. Engineering Assistant.
8. Energy Assistant.
9. Agriculture/Horticulture MPEOs.
10. Digital Assistant.
11. Welfare and Education Assistant.

Question 23.
Visit any nearby Grama Sachivalayam. Observe the work of Village Secretariat Functionaries. Numbers are assigned to different village secretariat functionaries. Write the duties of the functionaries in their respective boxes.

Answer:

1. Panchayat Secretary collects taxes, arranges Panchayat meetings, coordinates all the employees in village secretariat, responsible for total sanitation. Co-ordinate panchayat and village secretariat.
2. Village Revenue Officer (VRO): Administrative / Revenue Duties, Police functions, Community and development.
3. Village Surveyor: Survey officer for all purposes in a survey-related matter and maintain survey registers, instruments.
4. Nurse (ANM): Mother and child care. Educates women on Health issues. Looks about vaccination and helps the medical officer.
5. Animal Husbandry Assistant / Fisheries: Veterinary services / Animal Nutrition. Advise farmers in enhancing income.
6. Energy Assistant: Power connections to the poor. Power supply problems, street lights / Maintenance of transformers.
7. Engineering Assistant: Basic level performing technical officer. Roads/tanks / Drainage / Water supply and other engineering work.
8. Malila Police and Women & Child Welfare Assistant: Mahila Police duties, women and children care, protection and welfare programmes, counseling sessions.
9. Agriculture / Horticulture MPEOS: Monitor Agricultural activities, Monitor weather forecast, Agricultural production.
10. Digital Assistant: Monitors the village in a single-window system.
11. Welfare and Education Assistants: For SW/Tribal Welfare / BC welfare, pensions, insurance / Educational activities.

Question 24.
Read the paragraph under the heading ‘Grama Sachivalayam’ and comment on it.
The system of Grama Sachivalayam was started on October 2nd, 2019 in our state. One Grama Sachivalayam is established per2000people. There are 11 Village Secretariat Functionaries (employees) in every Grama Sachivalayam. The main aim of grama sachivalayam is to provide government services to the public effectively, transparently, and with accountability.
Answer:
Grama Sachivalayam was started on October 2nd, 2019 in Andhra Pradesh. Main aim of Grama Sachivalayam is to provide government services to the public effectively, transparently, and with accountability. Grama Sachivalayam was started on 2nd October 2019. There will be 11 employees of all sections. They will know the problems of the village if any and they will solve the problem immediately It is a good move of the Government because the villagers need not go to the Panchayat office repeatedly to get the problem solved.

Question 25.
Read the paragraph and comment on it.
The system of Grama Volunteers was started on August 15th, 2019 in our state. One Grama Volunteer is appointed per every 50 households. The duty of Grama Volunteer is to identify the problems being faced by anybody in his jurisdiction and bring them to the notice of Grama Panchayat and then get them resolved. The main aim of deploying Grama Volunteer is for delivering government services at the doorstep of all eligible households irrespective of caste/ creed/ religion and gender.
Answer:
The grama Volunteer system was started on August 15th, 2019. One grama volunteer will be appointed for every 50 houses. If any problem in government services comes to the notice of the volunteer, he will report to the Grama Sachivalayam immediately and the problem will get solved. It is one of the best services of the government. The person who faces the problem need not go to the grama sachivalayam office. The problem will get solved. So, I can say it is one of the best organizations started by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.