Category: Class 8

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 3 Earth Movements and Seasons.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 3rd Lesson Earth Movements and Seasons

Question 1.
Can you relate what are the major seasons you have seen?
Answer:
The major seasons I have seen are Summer season, Rainy season and Winter season.

Question 2.
Write any two factors that influence the order of seasons.
Answer:
The factors are:
a) The spherical shape of the Earth and the curvature of its surface.
b) Daily rotation of the Earth on its own Axis.

Question 3.
From where can we see the axis of the earth?
Answer:
The axis of the earth is an imaginary line. We cannot see it.

Question 4.
What are the reasons behind the formation of seasons?
Answer:
Earth’s revolution and inclination of the axis are the reasons behind it.

Question 5.
What happens if there are no seasons?
Answer:
If there are no seasons, there will be no life on the earth.

Question 6.
Find out if Andhra Pradesh is in the Tropical Belt or in the Temperate Beit.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh is extended between 18°N to 79°N latitude (approximately). It is in Tropical Belt.

Question 7.
Will the Sun shine directly on our heads in Andhra Pradesh during any month? If yes, in which month?
Answer:
The Sun’s rays fall straightly on Andhra Pradesh in the month of May.

Question 8.
Find out in which belt is Delhi and if it would receive snowfall in winters.
Answer:
Delhi is located between 28°22″ N. latitude and 28°54″ N. latitude. It is in Temperate Belt. It records low temperatures but there is no snowfall.

Question 9.
The earth is rotating daily in such a high speed. But why don’t we feel this?
Answer:
The earth is rotating in such a speed with all its – atmosphere, human, animal and plant kingdoms. So we don’t feel this.

Question 10.
Appreciate the rotation and revolution.
Answer:
The Earth is rotating and revolving since her birth without any rest. If it stops for a while, the life on the Earth may get disappeared. So a lot of thanks to Mother Earth.

Question 11.
Which season is important out of all the seasons?
Answer:
All the seasons are important. The existence of all the seasons only supports the life on the earth.

Question 12.
What are the factors that influence the order of seasons?
Answer:
The factors that influence the order of seasons are:

1. The spherical shape of the Earth and the curvature of its surface.
2. Daily rotation of the Earth on its own Axis.
3. The tilt of the Axis of rotation compared to the plane on which the Earth moves.
4. The Earth’s movement around the Sun once a year (revolution).

Question 13.
From where can we see the axis of the earth?
Answer:
The axis of the earth is an imaginary line. We cannot see it.

Question 14.
The earth is rotating daily in such a high speed. But why don’t we feel this?
Answer:
The earth is rotating in such a speed with all its – atmosphere, human, animal and plant kingdoms. So we don’t feel this.

Question 15.
Appreciate the rotation and revolution.
Answer:
The Earth is rotating and revolving since her birth without any rest. If it stops for a while, the life on the Earth may get disappeared. So a lot of thanks to Mother Earth.

Question 16.
Which season is important out of all the seasons?
Answer:
All the seasons are important. The existence of all the seasons only supports the life on the earth.

Question 17.
Draw the important latitudes.
Answer:

Question 18.
Draw the temperature belts on the earth.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 2 Energy from the Sun.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 2nd Lesson Energy from the Sun

Question 1.
What is meant by Insolation?
The radiation received on the surface of a body is called insolation.

Question 2.
What is meant by Radiation?
Answer:
When a body gives out energy it is called radiation.

Question 3.
What are the forms of sun’s energy?
Answer:
Light, heat, UV rays, radio waves and X-rays are the forms of sun’s energy.

Question 4.
Arrange the following temperatures from the highest to the lowest:
12°C, -16°C, 29°C, 0°C, – 4°C.
Answer:
29°C, 12°C, 0°C, -4°C, – 16°C.

Question 5.
What will happen if the inversion occurs?
Answer:
When inversion occurs cold air underlies warmer air.

Question 6.
Give three possible explanations for the differences between the average temperatures in Thiruvananthapuram and Shimla in January.
Answer:
A) Tiruvananthapuram is situated on sea coast.
B) Shimla is on high altitude.
C) Tiruvananthapuram is near to the equator and Shimla is far away from the equator.

Question 7.
Between Bhopal, Delhi, Mumbai and Shimla, which two places show a similar temperature pattern? How can you explain the similarity between these two places?
Answer:
Bhopal and Delhi show a similar temperature pattern. This is because these two are far away from the sea.

Question 8.
Which continents are there near to the equator?
Answer:
South America, Africa and Asia continents are there near to the equator.

Question 9.
Give reasons for ditference in temperature of a location:
a) height from sea level.
b) distance from the sea
c) distance from equator
d) all the above
e) some of the above
Answer: d

Question 10.
What is the relation between temperature and rainfall?
Answer:
The amount of rain in 2 places is determined by temperature differences between them.

Question 11.
How do we have variation in vegetation and animal life?
Answer:
Temperature and rainfall affect life in very critical ways. Plants and animals depend upon heat and water.
Only certain kinds of trees and plants will grow in hot regions and some other kinds will grow in cold regions and in very cold regions, nothing grows. Thus we have variation in vegetation and animal life.

Question 12.
What are the forms of sun’s energy?
Answer:
Light, heat, UV rays, radio waves and X-rays are the forms of sun’s energy.

Question 13.
Which results in ‘Global Warming’?
Answer:
Some gases like CO₂ prevent radiation of heat from the earth. CO₂ in the atmosphere N increases due to increased use of diesel and petrol, cutting down of forests etc. If the CO₂ proportion in the atmosphere increases, then less heat will be radiated causing increase in global temperature. This results in ‘Global Warming’.

Question 14.
Appreciate the ‘green houses’.
Answer:
Green houses are also called Glass houses. Green house is a building in which plants are grown. These are climate controlled. It works by taking sunlight and heating it up. This process is the conversion of solar energy to thermal energy. It gives plants both temperate heat and a good water source. The creation of green house is excellent.

Question 15.
What are the effects of ‘Global warming’?
Answer:
Global warming is the increase of Earth’s average surface temperature due to effect of green house gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation.

Question 16.
The sun is the primary source of energy. The trees are the factories which produce food from sunlight. Are we growing or cutting down such trees? Discuss the advantages of trees and our responsibility in growing them.
Answer:
We are cutting down trees more than we grow.
The advantages of Trees:

1. Trees can reduce air temperature by blocking sunlight. Further cooling occurs when water evaporates from the leaf surface. The conversion of water to air vapour … a chemical process …. removes heat energy from the air.
2. A tree can be a natural air conditioner.
3. Trees absorb and block noise and reduce glare.
4. Fallen treen leaves can reduce soil temperature and soil moisture loss.
5. Trees create an ecosystem to provide habitat and food for birds and other animals.
6. Trees absorb CO₂ and potentially harmful gasses from the air and release O₂.
7. Trees help to reduce surface water runoff from storms, thus decreasing soil erosion and the accumulation of sediments in streams. They increase ground water recharge and reduce the number of potentially harmful chemicals transported to our streams.
8. Dews and frosts are less under tree because less radiant heat is lost at night.

Question 17.
Locate the following in the given world map.

1. Equator
2. Poles
3. Russia
4. Australia 5)India

Answer:

Question 18.
Observe the given map and answer the following questions.
1. What is the line to south of equator?
Answer:
Tropic of Capricorn.

2. This is ……… Projection.
Answer:
Robinson

3. Which continents are there near to the equator?
Answer:
South America, Africa and Asia.

Project
Observe some families in your village / locality and fill up the following table.

S.No.	Name of the family head	No.of electricity bulbs used	Type			Electricity bill (in rupees)
			Bulb	Tube	CFL

Educate the families about the energy-saving measures and then conduct the same survey again after three month and compare the difference.
Answer:

S.No.	Name of the family head	No.of electricity bulbs used	Type			Electricity bill (in rupees)
			Bulb	Tube	CFL
1.	Malleswara Rao	10	4	4	2	1000 ₹
2.	Subba Rao	9	3	4	2	1200 ₹
3.	Sunil	10	4	4	2	800 ₹

Above families used more electricity bulbs especially tubes & bulbs. They are using very less CFL’s. By using more bulbs they get every month more electricity bill. That’s why, I explain to them about the importance of electricity, how we are wasting and our future generations will face the problems and I said, use more CFL’s to reduce the wastage of power & minimise the bill. After three months I went to their houses and saw the power bill really I admired because they reduce the power using and use CFL’s also. Due to this they save the power and get less electricity bill.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Landlords and Tenants under the British and the Nizam.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 10th Lesson Landlords and Tenants under the British and the Nizam

Question 1.
Did the Zamindar own all the lands of the villages in the Mughal times?
Answer:
No. They owned some of the village lands. They had the power to collect revenue from the villagers. Rest of the land was owned by peasants and others.

Question 2.
What did the Zamindars do for the Mughal government and what did they get in return?
Answer:
The Zamindars collected the revenue from the peasantry on behalf of Mughal emperors. In return they received a share of revenue collected. Sometimes they also had right to collect some small local taxes.

Question 3.
How would the changes have affected the position of the farmers who tilled the land for several generations?
Answer:

1. This settlement inadvertently converted all the peasants into the tenants.
2. Since rent collected was much higher than the revenue, the cultivators could not pay and sometimes deserted the lands. These were the affects.

Question 4.
What is the difference between revenue and rent?
Answer:
Revenue: Tax on land which is paid to the Zamindars or government.
Rent: Amount paid to the owners of the land for using and cultivating it.

Question 5.
In what ways did the government invest in agriculture during the early British rule? Do you think it could have been done by farmers themselves?
Answer:

1. The Britishers made necessary advances to the ryots to purchase seeds, implements, bullocks and to repair old wells or dig new ones,
2. They constructed anicuts & canals. It could not have been done by farmers themselves.

Question 6.
How was a ‘dora’ different from an ordinary landlord?
Answer:
The large landlords were called Doras. They had a large retinue of servants and soldiers. Ordinary landlords were under the control of these ‘doras’. Landlords should follow the orders of ‘Doras’. This is the difference between them.

Question 7.
How do you think it was possible for the zamindars to keep increasing their incomes without increasing investment in the land?
Answer:
The prices of grains in the market rose and cultivation slowly expanded. So there was an increase in the income of Zamindars without increasing investment in the land.

Question 8.
Who do you think would have benefited from the Ryotwari Settlement – the farmers, the landlords or the British? Give reasons.
Answer:
The landlords would have benefited from the Ryotwari settlement.
Reasons:

1. There was an increase in the number of landlords in the Ryotwari area.
2. They showed much interest in giving their lands on rents rather than cultivation.

Question 9.
Why do you think the ryots did not invest in improving agriculture or extending agriculture?
Answer:
The prices rose faster than the land revenue and the ryots found it more profitable to employ tenants to cultivate their lands and receive rent from them. So they did not invest in improving agriculture or extending agriculture.

Question 10.
Who ultimately profited from production for export market and why?
Answer:
Moneylenders profited ultimately from production for export market. They lent more and more money to farmers on high-interest rates and profited.

Question 11.
Discuss the changes in the lives of traditional crafts persons and village artists.
Answer:
Traditional crafts persons are adding technology to their tradition. As the prices are high, there is no demand for their products. Village artists had enjoyed the encouragement of the Kings and Zamindars. Now they lack it. So their lives are in worse condition.

Question 12.
How are we paying the taxes nowadays?
Answer:
At present revenue is paid in the form of money.

Question 13.
Have you heard of any similar rapid rise or decline in prices of any agricultural produce in our own times? Find out about its impact on the farmers.
Answer:
In recent past, there was an increase in the prices of rice and red gram. Later they were reduced by the government. Peasants grew some crops thinking of high profits. If the demand fell, they would get losses that year.

Question 14.
Why do you think the Zamindars kept the soldiers and small forts?
Answer:
Zamindars had some villages under their control. They were the mediators between the rulers and the ruled. They had much income also. So they lived in small forts.
To protect their people from thefts and attacks, to collect revenues they needed soldiers. So they maintained them.

Question 15.
Why did the high revenue rates prevent zamindars and farmers from improving agriculture?
Answer:
As they paid heavy rates of rents and revenue from their income, they were not able to improve agriculture. They used the remaining amounts for their household purposes.

Question 16.
During the freedom movement the Zamindars normally supported the British. Can you explain why?
Answer:
The policies of Zamindars created a gap between them and their people. They earned more assets in the British reign. So they normally supported the British during the freedom movement.

Question 17.
Who introduced the Permanent Settlement of Tax and when?
Answer:
Cornwallis introduced this in 1793.

Question 18.
Why did the war in America lead to increase in prices of cotton in India?
Answer:
In 1861, there was Civil war in America and British factories turned to India for supply of cotton. As a result cotton prices soared high.

Question 19.
Why were famines caused under British rule? Do you think it was because of failure of rains or floods?
Answer:
The rains and floods caused one or two famines during the British rule. Most of the famines occurred due to their dictatorial rule. They exported food grains in the famines. They had no interference when the merchants created artificial scarcity by hoarding food grains. They didn’t work for the welfare of the people in India. So the famines were caused.

Question 20.
Write the names of any two peasant movements.
Answer:
The Deccan riots of 1860s, Rampa fituries, Moppila agitations etc.

Question 21.
Match the following.
1) 1865/66 ( ) A) Dhawaleshwaram anicut
2) 1860      ( ) B) Anicut over the Krishna river at Vijayawada
3) 1793      ( ) C) Ganjam famine
4) f1849     ( ) D) Permanent settlement
5) 1854      ( ) E) The Deccan riots
Answer:
1) C
2) E
3) D
4) A
5) B

Question 22.
Imagine that you live in the ‘Ceded Districts’, find put about the Palegars who fought with the British.
Answer:
Many wars were broken out between Palegars and the British from 1798 to 1805. First war was fought between Veerapandya and the British in 1799. Second main war was fought between a group of Palegars and the British. After a long and expensive campaign the British finally defeated the revolting Palegars of whom many were beheaded and hanged while others were deported to the Andaman Islands. Of the Palegars who submitted to the British some of them granted Zamindari status, which had only tax collection rights and disarmed them completely.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Public Health and the Government.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 9th Lesson Public Health and the Government

Question 1.
Why are children given food in the anganwadis?
Answer:
In Andhra Pradesh about 33% of children below 5 years of age were characterised as under weight. This is due to hunger and malnutrition. So the government decided to feed these children through Anganwadis.

Question 2.
What problems do we face in private hospitals?
Answer:
Problems in private hospitals : We should pay more money here. Medicines also cost very high. Some may cause unnecessary tensions to the patient families.

Question 3.
What should be available in every village as part of the public health system?
Answer:
Asha worker, nutrition, immunisation facilities, weighing machine etc., should be available in every village as part of the public health system.

Question 4.
List some public health centres or hospitals near your place.
Answer:
We have public health centre in Vadali. In a short distance we have P.H.C. at Mudinepalli. We have a centre of R.M.P. in our village.

Question 5.
Is the water you drink at school clean?
Answer:
Yes, the water at our school is clean.

Question 6.
In your opinion, what is one most important improvement that should be made for the mid-day meal being served at your school?
Answer:
The quality of rice should be changed. Better quality should be maintained.

Question 7.
Write any two reasons for doctors not accepting rural posting?
Answer:

1. Rural backwardness,
2. Lack of modern facilities.

Question 8.
Why are people approaching private hospitals though the government hospitals are functioning?
Answer:
The state government is issuing ‘Aarogya Sri’ cards to people even though the government hospitals are functioning. The people also may take this as ideal.

Question 9.
Read the first paragraph under the heading ‘Basic Public Facilities’ (Textbook page No. 105) and answer the question:
Is there any provision of safe drinking water in your area? Explain.
Answer:
Ours is Singarayapalem village in Mudinepalli Mandal. We have two tanks in our village. Water in one tank is purified and lifted to another water tank. From there it is supplied to the whole village. So we are all protected from many diseases. Our Panchayat looks after all these works.

Question 10.
1. Let us examine the situation through the AP Human Development Report, 2007 which states: “Freedom from hunger and malnutrition is a basic human right and a fundamental prerequisite for human and national development. Better nutrition means stronger Immunity systems, less illness and better health. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), poor nutrition contributes to 1 out of 2 deaths (53 percent) associated with infectious diseases among children below five in developing countries. In Andhra Pradesh, about 33 per cent of children below 5 years of age were characterised as underweight. About 31 percent of women and 25 per cent of men are undernourished.”
Read the above para and prepare a question.
Answer:
“What is useful for the development of humankind?”

2. Why are people approaching private hospitals though the government hospitals are functioning ? Write your opinion on this issue.
Answer:
The state government is issuing ‘Aarogya Sri’ cards to people even though the government hospitals are functioning. The people also may take this as ideal.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 8 Impact of Technology on Livelihoods.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 8th Lesson Impact of Technology on Livelihoods

Question 1.
What happens when Combined Harvesters are used?
Answer:
Agricultural labourers lose the jobs of harvesting the crop, threshing and cleaning the grains from chaff when Combined Harvesters are used.

Question 2.
Why do farmers use Combined Harvesters?
Answer:
Due to excess benefits by using Combined Harvesters, the farmers are using these Combined Harvesters.

Question 3.
What happened with the invention of steam engine?
Answer:
The steam engine changed many production processes in factories.

Question 4.
What is called an invention?
Answer:
When a new machine or method of production is created for the first time, it is called an invention.

Question 5.
Write the names of any two machines.
Answer:
X-ray machines and power looms.

Question 6.
What can we use instead of rubber?
Answer:
We can use plastic instead of rubber.

Question 7.
Write any two advantages of Mobile phones.
Answer:

1. They reduce the distances between people.
2. Emergency messages can be conveyed within seconds.

Question 8.
Write any two disadvantages of Mobile phones.
Answer:

1. They pollute the minds of children.
2. They cause disturbance in the circulation of electro-magnetic waves of one’s body, who uses it.

Question 9.
What comes under service sectors? What is the technological change in it?
Answer:

1. Services include activities that support agriculture and industries. All the trading activities are also services.
2. Technological changes also affect service activities.
3. Due to this there is a rapid change in communications. They are available at the lowest rates.

Question 10.
Write any two advantages and two disadvantages of Mobile phones.
Answer:
Advantages:

1. They reduce the distances between people.
2. Emergency messages can be conveyed within seconds.

Disadvantages:

1. They pollute the minds of children.
2. They cause a disturbance in the circulation of electro-magnetic waves of one’s body, who uses it.

Question 11.
Appreciate the ladies ¡n the following figures.

Answer:
The women in the left side picture are in their traditional dress and repairing community radio. They are caring their children also. They are very conscious in their work.
The women in the right side picture are like white flowers. They are also repairing Telephone assembly line. The way they sit discloses their dedication to the work.

Question 12.
Observe the following table and answer the given questions.

State	1988	2009
Telangana & A.P.	5,29,000	1,24,700
Gujarat	24,000	3,900
Karnataka	1,03,000	40,500
Maharashtra	80,000	4,500
Madhya Pradesh	43,000	3,600
Punjab	22,000	300
Tamil Nadu	5,56,000	1,55,000

a) What was the change in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana?
Answer:
There was a decline in handloom units.

b) Of all the states, which had more decline?
Answer:
Punjab state.

c) Of all the states, which two states were having more units in 2009?
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamilnadu

d) Where did most of the changes take place either in Northern India or in Southern India?
Answer:
In Northern India.

e) Which units is this table related to?
Answer:
This table is related to handloom units.

Question 13.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
The steam engine changed many production processes in factories. Later on with a new source of energy such as electricity, factories that we see them today emerged. When a new machine or method of production is created for the first time, it is called an invention. However, practical application of these ideas takes a long time and depends on many factors. These could be improvements to make the technology effective, reducing cost of new techniques, acceptance of a new way or product. Technical developments or technical improvements can be due to completely new types of machinery (X ray machines and power looms), or changes in the types of raw materials used (plastic instead of rubber), or reorganisation of production processes.

a) What happened with the invention of steam engine?
Answer:
The steam engine changed many production processes in factories.

b) Why were the factories emerged?
Answer:
New sources of energy such as electricity etc., emerged the factories.

c) What is called an invention?
Answer:
When a new machine or method of production is created for the first time,it is called an invention.

d) Write the names of any two machines.
Answer:
X-ray machines and powerlooms.

e) What can we use instead of rubber?
Answer:
We can use plastic instead of rubber.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 7 Money and Banking.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 7th Lesson Money and Banking

Question 1.
How do we usually exchange old clothes?
Answer:
We usually exchange old clothes with steel utensils. This depends mostly on the seller.

Question 2.
How do we usually exchange plastic & newspaper?
Answer:
We usually exchange these with onion traders. He gives 1 1/2 kg onions for 1 kg plastic or newspaper.

Question 3.
How do we exchange hair?
Answer:
Money is offered for hair.

Question 4.
How do we exchange paddy?
Answer:
In our village paddy is exchanged for services rendered by washerman, barber etc.

Question 5.
Ask your parents how washermen, barbers, need kaavalikaru were paid for their work in villages and towns.
Answer:
Nowadays they are paid money only. But 15 years ago our parents paid them in the form of paddy.

Question 6.
When should one use fixed deposits for savings?
Answer:
The money invested in fixed deposits should not be withdrawn in the given period. Then only one can use fixed deposits for savings.

Question 7.
If a very large number of account-holders do not wish to keep their money in the bank, how will it affect the bank’s working?
Answer:
This affects the reserves of a bank. The bank cannot lend loans to customers. This affects their income. As a result it is impossible to run a bank.

Question 8.
Suppose you need Rs. 2000. You fill a cheque and give it to your friend and send her to get the money in cash. What happens?
Answer:
Bankers reject this cheque. Bankers never give cash to the cheques. The sister should have an account in the branch. Then only she can withdraw the amount.

Question 9.
What are the names of some banks you know?
Answer:

1. Kotak Mahindra,
2. State Bank of India,
3. Andhra Bank,
4. Indian Bank.

Question 10.
Name some durable metals.
Answer:
Copper, bronze, silver and gold.

Question 11.
Are all the problems solved with the invention of money?
Answer:
With the invention of money, some problems remained and new problems came up.

Question 12.
Why were metals preferred for use as money?
Answer:
Copper, bronze, silver and gold are durable, can be divided into parts and be carried around Since they were scarce they became acceptable by all. So the metals were preferred for use as money.

Question 13.
Do you think minting of coins was a good idea?
Answer:
Yes, I think so. But the quality and measurement should be perfect as per norms.

Question 14.
Why do banks ask for security while lending?
Answer:
There is no personal relation and identification between the bank people and their customers. If the bank people failed to recollect the debts, it leads to bankrupt. So banks ask for security while lending.

Question 15.
What will happen if some borrowers do not repay the bank loan?
Answer:
The bank collects the loan from the guarantors or disposes the mortgage.
For e.g.: If any customer fails to repay the housing loan, the bank sells the house in auction. It takes the loan amount and gives the remaining amount to the customer.

Question 16.
What a crossed cheque?
Answer:
The cheque which is crossed as on the left side top of the cheque.

Question 17.
Fill in the blanks:
1. If we use ———– there will be no problem in exchanging commodities.
2. Exchange of goods and services with each other is called ———– system.
Answer:
1. money
2. barter

Question 18.
Why do we save money in a bank?
Answer:
Money kept at home does not earn interest. But, money kept in a bank account does. If you keep money in the bank it wili grow.
In the villages, poor peoples incomes are irregular and unpredictable. You have to cope with a bad crop season, loss of employment, illness or death in the family. You also need money for marriages and festivals. Saving money in a bank account helps you smoothen your income.
Money is safe in bank, please check, if the bank in which you intend to keep your hard earned money is licensed, please do not share bank account details with anybody. Protecting your bank acount is as important as opening and using it.

Question 19.
How do we open a bank account for a Minor?
Answer:
A savings/fixed/recurring bank deposit account can be opened by a minor of any age through his/her natural or legally appointed guardian.
Minors above the age of 10 years are allowed to open and operate savings bank accounts independently, subject to bank’s risk management systems that are in place.
Additional banking facilities like internet banking, ATM / debit card, cheque book facility etc., are allowed. But minor accounts are not allowed to be overdrawn and should always remain in credit.

Question 20.
Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.
Over time, people preferred scarce and attractive metals as medium of exchange. Copper, bronze, silver and gold are durable, can be divided into parts and be carried around. Since they were scarce, they became acceptable by all. People could buy and sell with the assurance that the money they had in hand would be valuable and sought by others. They did not have to worry that their money might lose value as could happen with grains or cattle. However, some problems remained and new problems came up. For every exchange, the metal had to be weighed and later on traders were not sure about the quality of the metal. What one might get in exchange may not be pure gold or silver. After sometime, there was a serious problem of trust in the quality of metal that was used as money for exchange.
1. Name some durable metals.
Answer:
Copper, bronze, silver and gold

2. What was the assurance of the people?
Answer:
People could buy and sell with the assurance that the money they had in hand would be valuable and sought by others.

3. Why did the people not have to worry?
Answer:
They did not have to worry that their money might lose value as could happen with grains or cattle.

4. Are all the problems solved with the invention of money?
Answer:
With the invention of money, some problems remained and new problems came up.

5. People preferred scarce and attractive metals as
Answer:
Medium of exchange.

Question 21.
Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.
In many towns and cities representatives of all banks meet on each day to settle what each bank has to pay to the other and receive from the other. Cheques that have been verified are handed over to each other. One of the banks works as the Clearing Bank where all the banks have an account. The payments and receipts between banks are done by this Clearing Bank.

In the present system, all banks and most of their branches are linked by computers. All deposit holder accounts and their signatures can be accessed by the branches anywhere. Hence representatives don’t have to meet nor do banks have to send cheques to the outstation branches. The transaction between one bank and another is done through interlinked com-puters. This makes the whole system work faster and in an easier manner.

1. Who meet on each day?
Answer:
In many towns and cities representatives of all banks meet on each day.

2. What did they exchange?
Answer:
Cheques that have been verified are handed over to each other.

3. What is the work of Clearing Bank?
Answer:
The payments and receipts between banks are done by the Clearing Bank.

4. What is the novelty in the present system?
Answer:
In the present system all banks and most of their branches are linked by computers.

5. What is the result of this?
Answer:
This makes the whole system work faster and in an easier manner.

Question 22.
Read the following passage and prepare two questions.
Paper money also has its defects. It will tear and get dirty. So there is an idea of using plastic material for notes. Plastic or polymer currency is easy to handle, more durable and forgery can be detected easily. It is water-proof and eco friendly (recycling is easy). From metal to paper and now probably paper to plastic.
Answer:

1. What are the defects of paper money?
2. What are the advantages of paper or polymer currency?

Question 23.
Locate any three places of early bankers of India in the given Indian map.
Answer:

Discussion
Invite the local postmaster/postman to your class and conduct the interaction on different saving schemes.
Answer:
Children: Good morning, Sir.
Postmaster: Good morning, Children.
Children: Sir, we want to know about different saving schemes in the post office.
Postmaster: For especially students some saving schemes are introduced in post offices to habituate the savings by children whenever they get pocket money without wastage, it is useful to them buy books in higher classes.
Children: Please Sir, explain such schemes.
Postmaster: Recurring deposit: This is one of the important saving scheme.
Children: Sir, how should we save money in this scheme?
Postmaster: Children this is monthly scheme. From above Rs.10 to how much we need we should save for a certain period of time.
Children: Sir, is there any other schemes.
Postmaster: Savings account.
Children: Sir, How should we maintain this?
Postmaster: Children, in this scheme we opened an account on our name and whenever we have surplus amount should deposit in our account.
Children: Sir, very interesting, is there any other schemes?
Postmaster: Sukanya scheme, this is for only girls.
Children: Sir, we have interest to know about more schemes.
Postmaster: Children, another scheme is also there, that is fixed deposit.
Children: Please, explain Sir.
Postmaster: In this scheme we will deposit our money for a certain period of time, like 1 year, 2 years, 3 years. But we will get interest on behalf of this deposit.
Children: Thank you Sir, today we know more valuablé information about saving schemes in the post office.

SCERT AP Board 8th Class Social Solutions 4th Lesson The Polar Regions Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Solutions 4th Lesson The Polar Regions

8th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson The Polar Regions Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning
Question 1.
Re-write the false statements with correct facts:
a) Animal body parts were used only in clothing.
Answer:
True: Animal body parts were used in food, construction of houses, clothes, and in making weapons.

b) Major part of the food includes vegetables.
Answer:
True: Major part of the food includes animal meat and fish.

c) Popular games amongst the people in Tundra are closely related to their daily lives.
Answer:
True

d) Contact with people from outside impacted their health.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Based on what you studied about equator regions in Class VII, how is polar region different?
Answer:

Equator region	Polar region
1. This extends from 0° to 23\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)° North and South latitudes.	1. This extends from 66\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)° N latitude to 90°N.
2. The Sun’s rays fall straight on this region.	2. The Sun’s rays fall slantingly on this region.
3. This region has 3 main seasons.	3. This region has 2 main seasons.
4. Formation of day and night occurs in one day.	4. Formation of day and night occurs in one year.
5. The people of this region lead settled life.	5. The people of this region lead nomadic life.
6. They have contacts with rest of the world.	6. They have less contacts with rest of the world.

Question 3.
What are the ways in which life of people in Tundra are dependent on climate of the region? Describe in the context of following aspects:

Food	Dress	Travel	Shelter

Answer:
Climate influences the people of the Tundra.

Food	Dress	Travel	Shelter
Cereals and grains are not cultivated here due to frozen ice. They should lead their life with meat and fish. They cannot even cook the food. So they should eat raw meat. They store the food in the frozen ice.	These people wear skins of animals and their fur. They should wear clothes from top of the head to bottom of the feet. They wear two piece dresses and and designed.	They need vehicles which are wide in shape to travel in ice. So they travel on platform like vehi­cles called sledges. These are drawn by polar dogs. They use kayaks and umiyaks to travel in waters in summers.	The land is covered with a layer of snow. Laying foundation is not possible. So they live in wooden tents covered with animal skins. And also they construct houses of ice blocks. They use ice blocks to sleep as cots.

Question 4.
In this chapter there are many aspects that are very different from the place where you live. Look at the subheadings in this chapter and make a list of them. Now create a wall paper with illustrations and descriptions comparing life in your location with that in the Tundra.
Answer:
The comparison between the life of the people of N. polar region and that of the people of the equatorial region

Question 5.
Imagine one entire day (24 hours) when the Sun does not set and another day when there is no Sun. What changes will you make in your daily lives ? Write a short note on them.
Answer:
When the Sun does not set: We should shut all the doors and windows of our house and make it dark to sleep. Rest of the day will be okay.
When there is no Sun: We should arrange lights probably flood lights to get light everywhere. Then we should perform our daily works.
This is possible for only one day.

Question 6.
Find out the five living places of Eskimos in the world map
Answer:
Greenland, Alaska, Canada, Siberia, Lapland are the five places shown in the below map.

8th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson The Polar Regions InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which continent parts fall within this region? (Textbook Page No. 40)
Answer:
North America, Europe and some parts of Russia fall within this region.

Question 2.
Try to recall what happens as we move away from the equator. (Textbook Page No. 40)
Answer:
Temperature falls when we move from the equator to the poles.

Question 3.
Mention five points about the summer in Tundra. (Textbook Page No. 42)
Answer:

1. The Sun begins to shine in the tundra around February-March. In the beginning the Sunsets within a short time.
2. For almost three months from May to July, the Sun never sets.
3. The Sun does not rise overhead. It just hovers a little above the horizon. So it is never very warm.
4. Due to the relatively warm weather, some of the ice melts. The rivers, lakes melt and begin to flow.
5. When summer approaches, many multi-coloured plants, lichens, grass, shrubs and berries sprout around.

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks : (Textbook Page No. 42)
1. The Sun does not appear during the month of November, December and January.
2. At this time, the water freezes and the plants cover with the snow.

Question 5.
How do the people of Tundra get light in winter ? (Textbook Page No. 42)
Answer:
There will be no sunlight during the winter in the polar region. At this time, the light of stars
falls on the ice, reflects, and fills the region with bright colourful lights. These are known as ‘Aurora Borialisis’. During winter they get light with these Aurora borialisis, oil and fat lamps.
In what ways are the resources available in their surroundings used for making houses? (Textbook Page No. 45)

1. They use skins of animals and wood for tents.
2. They use logs and whale ribs in building round houses.
3. They form ice blocks (like bricks) and build domed houses.

Thus they use available resources in the surroundings.

Question 6.
Did you see any tree in the pictures on the previous page? (Textbook Page No. 42)
Answer:
No. Grass and small bushes are visible in the pictures given.

Question 7.
Look at the pictures in this chapter (The Polar Region). How has that dress and hunting changed? (Textbook Page No. 48)
Answer:
The people of the earlier times wore raw skins of animals. They are too heavy. They use the horns of animals, harpoons, sharp edged instruments to hunt.
In the modern times they wore designed caps, dresses which are light in weight. Guns occupied the place of traditional weapons.

Question 8.
Why do you think people probably always did not live in the Tundra region? (Textbook Page No. 43)
Answer:
There are no seasons or seasonal differences in tundras. They have likely temperatures and seasons. They face nominal summers. So they cannot cultivate crops here. They have no tasty foods and different kinds of foods. During winters the whole region becomes dark, deserted and desolate. So they did not live here throughout the year.

Question 9.
How is the house impacted by the climate? (Textbook Page No. 45)
Answer:
Their houses are called igloos. In summer, most Eskimos live in tents made of animal skins. In some areas, they made tents of wood and animal skins. They use logs and whale ribs also for this. They use stone slabs in some areas. Snow houses are made from blocks of packed snow, built into a dome. They build snow platforms for their sleep. As the area is covered with snow they cannot lay foundations and they cannot lead a settled life. Thus the house is impacted by the climate.

Question 10.
Do you think lives of people in Tundra have changed for better or worsened because of their interaction with outside world? Give reasons for your answer. (Textbook Page No. 48)
Answer:
The lives of people in Tundra have changed for better or worst both because of their interaction with the outside world.

The pattern of relations between the Eskimos and outsiders has been described as “boom and bust”. Waves of outsiders have brought brief periods of wealth, education, and employment. This was followed by periods of poverty and disorganisation. Peak periods have been those of whaling (1859 to 1910), the modern fur trade (1925 to about 1950), the building of military and defence bases (the mid-1950s), the building of urban centres (mid- 1960s), and oil exploration and development (the 1970s).

Each wave of activity has drawn the Eskimos into contact with different social and economic forces. The once isolated northlands have been opened up by air travel, highways, powerful modern ships, and satellite communications. These changes have produced great strains on the Eskimo way of life.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 6 Minerals and Mining.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 6th Lesson Minerals and Mining

Question 1.
How has been the contribution of mining to economy identified in this chapter?
Answer:
India is underdeveloped country immediately after independence. These mines yield income to the government and also get royalty, when the mines were given to others. So I think this is the contribution of mining to economy.

Question 2.
What is the use of the stick in coal mines?
Answer:
The stick is used to check the blasted place in the mine by tapping.

Question 3.
What is meant by SCCL?
Answer:
Singareni Collieries Company Limited.

Question 4.
Write about the quality of Barytes.
Answer:
Barytes available in the upper layers are of lower grade while those mined from depth are of higher grade. Quality is determined by the grain size of the stone.

Question 5.
How many kinds of minerals are there? What are they?
Answer:
Environmentalists differentiate minerals into two kinds of resources-renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources are those which can be regenerated like wood.
Most minerals are non-renewable. There is only a limited amount of these available on the earth. If we finish them then there will not be any more of it. These are called non-renewable sources of energy, e.g.: gold, coal, petroleum.

Question 6.
Match the following.
1) Bauxite     ( ) A) Non-conductors of electricity
2) Mica         ( ) B) Roof sheets
3) Chrome    ( ) C) Aluminium
4) Asbestos  ( ) D) Wash basin
5) Feldspar   ( ) E) Stainless steel
Answer:
1) C,
2) A,
3) E,
4) B,
5) D

Question 7.
Fili in the blanks:
1. Ten rings in Hollage indicates danger.
2. Narrow tunnel in mine is mine shaft.
3. Coal layer is called coal seam.
4. The coal drilling area is called face.
5. Coal is transported through conveyor belts.

Question 8.
Appreciate the mineral resources of Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Mineral Resources of Andhra Pradesh:
Andhra Pradesh is very rich in mineral resources. It is a large producer of granites of various colours, Kadapa stones, etc., used in buildings. It also produces limestone and dolomite used in cement industry. Northern districts have large coal deposits (Kothagudem in Godavari valley) while the Krishna Godavari basin has great potential for mineral oil and gas. AP is historically known for its famous diamond mines too and some of the largest diamonds in the world were found here.

Question 9.
What are the sensitivities in obtaining minerals from mines?
Answer:
Most of the mining practices result in disturbing the surface area – it can mean cutting down forests, destroying fields and habitations, creating large pits or mounds. Mines also need large amounts of water to wash the minerals. This results in polluting the nearby rivers and water sources. This usually means that older use of the land cannot be continued and farmers or tribal people have to leave the land. Even people who live nearby face problems created by mining. At the same time mining employs a large number of people who come to live in nearby areas and build new townships. It thus provides livelihood for nearly ten lakh people in India and over one lakh people in Andhra Pradesh. The work of miners is also very hazardous, as they are constantly exposed to accidents besides breathing in poisonous substances which cause long term health damage.

Question 10.
What aspects of regulations in the mining by the government do you agree with? And why?
Answer:
If the government introduced sophisticated methods and technology instead of giving the mines on lease, I feel better.
The reasons are:

1. The private people may not take the safety measures.
2. Their attitudes may cause ‘0’ (zero) minerals to the future citizens.
3. The right percentage of royalty may not reach the government properly.
4. The unused mines may not be closed in view of expenditure.

So I support the government regulation only.

Question 11.
Why is the SCCL interested in open cast?
Answer:
When compared to underground mines, the open casts are less expensive. Machines can be used widely in these. So SCCL is interested in open casts.

Question 12.
Why is the mining of atomic fuels in the hands of government?
Answer:
Atomic fuels are most valuable. We have less reserves of them. They play a key role in our safety. So they are in the hands of government.

Question 13.
Why should the residents of mining areas be rehabilitated?
Answer:
The residents of mining areas are the owners of those lands. The lands are confiscated from them by force. So they should be rehabilitated.

Question 14.
Read a news report of 29 June 2009:

Sinqareni coal mines open wounds

By Our Correspondent
WARANGAL, June 28: Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) has decided to adopt Open Cast Mining (OCM), to meet the demand for coal. The decision could render 20,000 people homeless and affect 200 villages. The mines will also affect an estimated 3,000 hectares of forests.

“If the mining underground produces 1,500 tonnes of coal a day, open cast mines pro-duce 10,000 tonnes per day and obviously at a much lesser cost,” said a senior SCCL official.

While that is so, the open cast mining will displace thousands of families, destroy scores of habitations and cause loss of livelihood to locals. According to the company official, the company will pay compensatory afforestation charges and develop forests on an equal amount of land where it has lopped off the jungles. It will pay Rs. 4.38 to Rs. 10.43 lakh per hectare, he said. The local people also complained that due to these mines which dig up the earth and create huge artificial hills of loose earth, rivers and streams are getting choked and ground water is getting polluted and there is acute scarcity of even drinking water.

Now answer the following questions.
1. When was this news published?
Answer:
It was of 29-6-2009.

2. What is meant by SCCL?
Answer:
Singareni Collieries Company Limited.

3. What will happen with this decision?
Answer:
The decision could render 20,000 people homeless and affect 200 villages. The mines will also affect an estimated 3,000 hectares of forests.

4. Underground mines, open cast mines – which are profitable to the company?
Answer:
Opencast mines

5. What did the local people complain?
Answer:
The local people complained that due to these mines which dig up the earth and create huge artificial hills of loose earth, rivers and streams are getting choked and ground water is getting polluted and there is acute scarcity of even drinking water.

Question 15.
Look at the mineral map of Andhra Pradesh and fill the table.

Answer:

Mineral	Districts
Barytes	P.S.R. Nellore, Y.S.R Kadapa, Ongole.
Limestone	Ananthapur, Y.S.R. Kadapa, Ongole, Kurnool, Vizianagaram, Guntur, West Godavari.
Granite	Chittoor, Ongole, Krishna, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram.
Iron ore	Y.S.R. Kadapa, Ananthapur, Ongole, Krishna.
Mica	Nellore
Crude oil	West Godavari

SCERT AP Board 8th Class Social Solutions 23rd Lesson Sports: Nationalism and Commerce Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Solutions 23rd Lesson Sports: Nationalism and Commerce

8th Class Social Studies 23rd Lesson Sports: Nationalism and Commerce Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Correct the false statements:

1. Colonial rulers promoted Cricket to be played between nations that were under their power.
2. People adopted the game to become westernised.
3. Indian villagers played cricket.
4. Cricket was introduced in schools to bring good manners.

Answer:

1. Correct.
2. False.
3. False.
4. Correct.

Correction of False statements:
2. People loved this game and adopted.
3. England villagers played cricket.

Question 2.
Give brief explanations for the following by reading the lesson:
a) The Parsis were the first Indian community to set up a cricket club in India.
b) The significance of the shift of the ICC head quarters from London to Dubai.
Answer:
a) The origins of Indian cricket, that is, cricket played by Indians are to be found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Parsis. Brought into close contact with the British because of their interest in trade and the first Indian community to westernise, the Parsis founded the first Indian cricket club, the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848. Parsi clubs were funded and sponsored by Parsi businessmen like the Tatas and the Wadias. The white cricket elite in India offered no help to the enthusiastic Parsis. In fact, there was a quarrel between the Bombay Gymkhana, a whites-only club, and Parsi cricketers over the use of a public park.

When it became clear that the colonial authorities were prejudiced in favour of English¬men, the Parsis built their own gymkhana to play cricket in. The rivalry between the Parsis and the racist Bombay Gymkhana had a happy ending for these pioneers of Indian cricket. A Parsi team beat the Bombay Gymkhana at cricket in 1889, just four years after the foundation
of the Indian National Congress in 1885.

b) Matches in Sydney could now be watched live in Surat. This simple fact shifted the balance of power in cricket: a process that had begun by the break-up of the British Empire was taken to its logical conclusion by globalisation. Since India had the largest viewership for the game amongst the cricket-playing nations and the largest market in the cricketing world, the game’s centre of gravity shifted to South Asia. This shift was symbolised by the shifting of the ICC headquarters from London to tax-free Dubai.

Question 3.
Find out the history of any one local sport. Ask your parents or grandparents about how this game was played in their childhood. See whether it is played in the same way now. Try and think of the historical forces that might account for the changes.
Answer:
‘Kabaddi’ is our game. This was played by the Kouravas and Pandavas also. Kabaddi means ‘Continous sounding’. This is called ‘Chik-Chik’ in some areas, ‘Chedugudu’ in some areas. In our region we call it ‘Kabaddi’. This is a game between two groups. Each group has 12 members – 7 out of them will be in the court.
Some rules of the game:

1. This is Time based game.
   15 mts – 5 mts rest – 15 mts.
2. The persons who are ‘out’ should leave the court.
3. They can enter the court after getting a point.
4. If all the 7 members are ‘Out’, it is called ‘Lona’.
5. ‘2’ points will be awarded for ‘Lona’.

The rules will be framed and changed by the ‘Kabaddi Federation of India’. We have also such federation in our state.
This game had many changes. A change is introduced recently i.e., ‘Bonus Line Point’. When the 6 to 7 members are in the court, the opposite group person touches the bonus line, they get one additional point.
The player should not stop the ‘Sounding’.

Question 4.
How have advances in technology, especially television technology, influenced the development of contemporary cricket?
Answer:
Coloured dress, protective helmets, field restrictions, cricket under lights, became a standard part of the post-Packer game. Crucially, Packer drove home the lesson that cricket was a marketable game, which could generate huge revenues. Cricket boards became rich by selling television rights to television companies. Television channels made money by selling television spots to companies who were happy to pay large sums of money to advertise their products to cricket’s captive television audience. Continuous television coverage made cricketers celebrities who, besides being paid better by their cricket boards, now made even larger sums of money by making commercials for a wide range of products, from tyres to colas. Television coverage changed cricket. It expanded the spectators for the game by beaming cricket into small towns and villages. It also broadened cricket’s social base. Children who had never previously had the chance to watch international cricket because they lived outside the big cities, could now watch and learn by imitating their heroes. The technology of satellite television and the world wide reach of multi-national television companies created a global market for cricket.
Thus the advances in TV technology influenced the development of contemporary cricket.

Question 5.
Prepare a pamphlet on the consequences of commercialisation of cricket.
Answer:

The commercialisation of Cricket – Its Consequences

Matches in Sydney could now be watched live in Surat. This simple fact shifted the balance of power in cricket: a process that had begun by the break-up of the British Empire was taken to its logical conclusion by globalisation. Since India had the largest viewership for the game amongst the cricket-playing nations and the largest market in the cricketing world, the game’s centre of gravity shifted to South Asia. This shift was symbolised by the shifting of the ICC headquarters from London to tax-free Dubai.

A more important sign that the centre of gravity in cricket had shifted away from the old, Anglo – Australian axis is that innovations in cricket technique in recent years have mainly come from the practice of subcontinental teams in countries like India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Pakistan has pioneered two great advances in bowling: the ‘doosra’ and the ‘reverse swing’. Both skills were developed in response to subcontinental conditions: the doosra to counter aggressive batsmen with heavy modern bats who were threatening to make finger-spin obsolete and ‘reverse swing’ to move the ball in on dusty, unresponsive wickets under clear skies. Initially, both innovations were greeted with great suspicion by countries like Britain and Australia which saw them as an underhanded, illegal bending of the laws of cricket. In time, it came to be accepted that the laws of cricket could not continue to be framed for British or Australian conditions of play, and they became part of the technique of all bowlers, everywhere in the world.

One hundred and fifty years ago, the first Indian cricketers, the Parsis, had to struggle to find an open space to play in. Today, the global marketplace has made Indian players the best-paid, most famous and for whom the world is a stage. The history that brought about this transformation was made up of many smaller changes: the replacement of the gentlemanly amateur by the paid professional, the triumph of the one-day game and twenty twenty as it overshadowed Test cricket in terms of popularity, and the remarkable changes in global commerce and technology. The business of history is to make sense of change overtime.

Question 6.
Point out any five cricket playing countries on world map.
Answer:

1. South Africa
2. Zimbabwe
3. Australia
4. New Zealand
5. West Indies

Project
Collect information about any one game. Write the history of the game in the form of a report.
Answer:

Kabaddi

Kabaddi originated in the Southern Indian state of Tamilnadu, where it is derived from group hunting and village defence. Other forms of Kabaddi originated in Northern parts of India. Kabaddi is a concept sport that originated in ancient India.

Kabaddi also encompasses similar sports known by their regional names such as
Hududu – in Bangladesh
Baibalaa – in Maldieves
Chedugudu – in Andhra Pradesh
Sadugudu – in Tamilnadu and
Hututu – in Maharashtra

Kabaddi is the state game of Indian states of Tamilnadu, Maharashtra, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Punjab.
Kabaddi received international exposure during 1936 Berlin Olympics, demonstrated by India.
The game was introduced in the Indian National Games at Calcutta in 1938.

In 1950 All India Kabaddi Federation came into existence and framed the rules.
The AIKF was reconstituted as the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India in 1972 and the First National Tournament for men was held in Chennai.

Kabaddi was popularised by Indians in Japan also. Nowadays Women Kabaddi National Tournment were also conducting in India. It was included in Asian games also.

8th Class Social Studies 23rd Lesson Sports: Nationalism and Commerce InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What has been the relationship between the cricket and the idea of developing western culture? (Textbook Page No. 249)
Answer:
Cricket was invented in western country England. It was made popular in its colonial countries. Most of the changes were made by them only. So encouraging the cricket means the idea of developing western culture. This has been the relation.

Question 2.
List the changes that occurred with end of dominance of Test cricket. (Textbook Page No. 250)
Answer:

1. The 1970s was the decade in which cricket was transformed.
2. The dominance of test cricket was ended and one day internationals gained much popularity.
3. ‘Packer’s circus’ was run for 2 years.
4. Coloured dress, protective helmets, field restrictions, cricket under lights became a standard part of the post – Packer game.
5. Cricket was made a marketable game, which could generate huge revenues.
6. Cricket boards became rich by selling television rights to television companies.
7. Many companies spent large amount for advertisements.
8. Continuous television coverage made cricketers celebrities who, besides being paid better by their cricket boards, now made even larger sums of money by making commercials for a wide range of products.
9. Television coverage changed cricket. It expanded the spectators for the game by beaming cricket into small towns and villages.
10. A global market for cricket is created.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 246)
1. Do you like to play games?
Answer:
Yes.

2. What games do you play?
Answer:
Khokho – Volleyball, Badminton.

3. Which game do you like best?
Answer:
Badminton.

4. Think of some sports which only girls or only boys participate.
Answer:

1. Sport of only girls: Thokkudu billa
2. Sport of only boys: Marbles.

5. Are some games played only in the villages?
Answer:
Yes, Chedugudu.

6. Are some games played only by very rich people?
Answer:
Yes, Golf.

Question 4.
Why do you play? (Textbook Page No. 246)
Put a (✓) if you agree with the reason given. Put (✕) if you disagree. If you find other reasons add them to the list.
Collect the views of all the students in the class and find out which reason is considered most important.
Answer:

Playing games is easy	✓
It is fun to play games	✓
Parents, teachers, friends appreciate	✓
Games are challenging	✓
Games keep the body healthy	✓
Lot of scope to imitate their favourites like Sachin, Sania	✓
Games are easier than studies	✕
Appear on the television	✕
No written tests and examinations in games	✕
Win medals in international games	✓
To bring glory to the country	✓
Win name, money and fame	✓

The following reason is considered most important.
“Games keep the body healthy”.

Question 5.
Did you notice that there is no single country called West Indies? Identify one of these islands that has the best athletes in running. (Textbook Page No. 247)
Answer:
West Indies are the Carribean Islands. They were present from 1958 to 1962 only on that name. At present some of them were sovereign islands, some are parts of St. Kitts and Nevis, some are dependable on UK and some on Dutch and one on U.S. So there is no single country called West Indies.
“USIAN BOLT’ is the best Athlete in running. He is from Jamaica Islands.

Question 6.
There are different sports equipments to play games as you can see here. You may notice that they are of very different quality than the one’s available in your local market. Do you think such equipments will be affordable for children to play for fun as against professional adults playing game for making money? (Textbook Page No. 249)
Answer:
These all are very costly equipments. No common man or player can buy these.

Professional adults earn money by playing with these equipments. In addition to this many big companies sponsor them. So they can buy.

Question 7.
After thinking about cricket for sometime Vinayak listed a few words that are only in English language – ‘boundary’, ‘over’, ‘wicket’. Can you explain to him why there are no Telugu words for it? (Textbook Page No. 251)
Answer:
Yes, I think I can explain. Cricket was invented in England. So the related words are all in English. It is not so easy to translate the words into Telugu. So they are not in Telugu.
For example, we have ‘Kabaddi’ –
We cannot translate this into English. We pronounce it as same in any language. (Textbook Page No. 247)

Question 8.
Locate the cricket playing nations in your atlas.
Answer:
Self exercise.

SCERT AP Board 8th Class Social Solutions 17th Lesson Understanding Poverty Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Solutions 17th Lesson Understanding Poverty

8th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson Understanding Poverty Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following statement/statements in the context of poverty as chronic hunger is true?
a. Having food only once a day
b. Having food below the required calorie
c. A person driving the harvester and person ploughing the field require the same calorie of food
d. Person ploughing the field requires more calorie than shop owner
e. Hunger also affects the person’s immune system
Answer:
a) True
b) True
c) False
d) True
e) True

Question 2.
Identify the major reasons for poverty described in the chapter.
Answer:
Big families, lack of chances according to capacity or eligibility, less wages/salaries, change in agricultural operations, crop failure and usage of machines etc., are the major reasons for poverty described in the chapter. The most important contributor to poverty is the lack of regular employment.

Question 3.
A) What have been the major features in programmes like MNREGA and PDS?
B) Which aspects of poverty do they try to address?
C) Why are ration shops necessary?
Answer:
A) Major features:
(i) MNREGA
MNREGA lays down that any adult member willing to do unskilled manual work and who is looking for work must be given work by the government. A rural household can demand at least one hundred days of employment in a year for which they would be paid not below the minimum wages. The following are some sample activities taken up under MNREGA.

• water conservation and water harvesting
• drought-proofing (including afforestation and tree plantation)
• provisions of irrigation facility to land owned by households belonging to the SCs and STs
• renovation of traditional water bodies including desilting of tanks.

(ii) The system of ration shops distributing foodgrains and other essential items is known as the Public Distribution System (or PDS in short). PDS has existed in India right from the time of independence and has played a crucial role in reaching food to everyone both in the rural and urban areas. There were of course problems of functioning. At places, the ration shops would not open regularly or on time. The foodgrain stocks would be adulterated with the intention that no one buys. Ration shop owners would be found selling foodgrains to other shops rather than to the public. Many people including the poor would not receive ration. Performance of ration shops was not so good as expected in the poorest states and the poorest regions of India.

B) Alongside employment, the government ensured that everyone has access to affordable food. They tried to address these aspects of poverty.

C) Employment and income cannot do much, if the prices of essential items are very high. So the government supplies the basic needs at fair price. So the ration shops are needed.

Question 4.
Why are people without employment also often without assets, such as land, cattle, shops, etc.?
Answer:
The people those who have no employment cannot save their earnings. Without savings they cannot purchase assets. So they do not have assets.

Question 5.
Read the first two paragraphs under the title “The Struggle towards ‘the Right to Life” on page 201 and 202 and comment on them.

The Struggle towards “The Right to Life”: The new policy on PDS has been in the center of much debate. We know that about 4 out of 5 people in the rural areas consume less than the minimum required calories. And yet, not even 3 out of 10 families in the rural areas in India possessed BPL and Antyodaya cards, as per the National Sample Survey of 2004. Thus, a large number of people who earlier benefited from the PDS were no longer convered by it. Many families of landless labourers did not have BPL cards. Whereas, there were some reports of well-off families with BPL cards.

There are other contradictions too in the new PDS (Public Distribution System) Policy. The government of India often has huge piles of food stocks (i.e. foodgrains that it bought from farmers). There have been times when foodgrains rot in godowns and are eaten by rats. Since the ration shops sell foodgrains at a fair price only to BPL, Antyodaya and Annapurna card holders, there are unsold stocks at the ration shop too. And yet, there is a feeling that we are not able to provide food to all.

Answer:

1. Today in India 4 out of 5 people in the rural areas consume less than the minimum required calories.
2. But our government especially for rural areas they introduced Antyodaya cards for BPL people.
3. According to national sample survey many families of landless labourers did not have BPL cards. Whereas there were some reports of well of families with BPL cards.
4. There are so many problems with new PDS systems.
5. Even though the government has more food grains stock, but ration shops provide food grains to only card holders and not for other people.
6. That’s why in our country majority of landless poor people did not get even one meal for a day. Still so many families fight for “Right to life”.

Question 6.
Write a letter to your District Collector on the functioning of P.D.S programme in your village.
Answer:
To
The District Collector,
Machilipatnam,
Krishna District.

From
A. Suneeta, Class : VIII,
M.P. Ele. School, Nunna.
Sir,

We are residing in Nunna in Vijayawada Rural. We have white card for our family. We are receiving 20kgs of rice from the ration shop. From the last two months we are receiving spoiled rice from the dealer. I came to know that all the villagers are receiving rice in less quantity also. So I request you to look into the matter and to enquire the issue. This is for kind information and necessary favourable action.

Thanking you sir,
Yours faithfully
xx xxx

Address:
A. Suneeta
D/o. A. Narasayya
Nunna; Vijayawada Rural,
Krishna District.

Question 7.
Visit the ration shop in your neighborhood and look for the following:
1. When does the ration shop open?
Answer:
The ration shop is open from 8 am to 12 am and from 4 pm to 8 pm.

2. What are the items sold at the ration shop?
Answer:
Rice, wheat, sugar, tamarind, red gram and palmolive oil are sold in ration shops.

3. Do you find the system of different card-holders?
Answer:
Yes, I find white and pink cards.

4. Can you compare the prices of rice and sugar from the ration shop (for families below poverty line) with the prices at any other grocery store? [Important: Ask for the ordinary variety rates at the grocery shop.]
Answer:

Prices in Ration Shops		Prices in Kirana Shops
1) Rice	1 kg Re. 1/-	1) Same quality	Rs. 25/-
2) Red gram	1 kg Rs. 130/-	2) Same quality	Rs. 160/-
3) Sugar	1 kg Rs. 14/-	3) Same quality	Rs. 40/-
4) Tamarind	1 kg Rs. 65/-	4) Same quality	Rs. 90/-
5) Palmolive oil	1 Itr Rs. 55/-	5) Same quality	Rs. 68/-

8th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson Understanding Poverty InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss what is common about Chandraiah’s and Ramachari’s lives. (Textbook Page No. 193)
Answer:

1. Both are economically poor.
2. Both are the sufferers of hunger.
3. Both persons’ wives are staying in other places due to their works.
4. Both have illhealth.
5. Both look like elders.

Question 2.
What is the average calorie intake of persons in the top quarter in the country? (Textbook Page No. 194)
Answer:
The average calorie intake of persons in the top quarter in the country is 2521.

Question 3.
By what percentage does the calorie intake of persons in the bottom quarter fall short of the daily calorie standard? (Textbook Page No. 194)
Answer:
23% of the calorie intake of persons in the bottom quarter fall short of the daily calorie standard.

Question 4.
Do you find any relationship between the economic background of person and his/her nutritional status? (Textbook Page No. 196)
Answer:
Yes, I find the relationship between economic background of person and his/her nutritional status. If the economic standard is less, the nutritional status is also low and vice versa.

Question 5.
Do you think that cash transfer scheme is an alternative to the PDS? (Textbook Page No. 201)
Answer:
I do not think so.
Reason:
e.g.: Through PDS the government is supplying 1 kg of rice for Re. 1/-. For this the government is bearing the subsidy of Rs, 19/-.
In the cash transfer scheme the government transfers these Rs. 20/- directly to the beneficiary’s account. If the price of rice in the market is high, this would not be successful.

Question 6.
In what way, was Ramachari’s livelihood related to agriculture in the village? (Textbook Page No. 293)
Answer:
Till a few years back, Ramachari would get around 40 clients, most of them farmers. They paid for his services with paddy. Each gave him 70 kilograms a year. Of the 2800 kg he got this way, he kept what his family needed and sold the rest in the market. He could get around Rs.375 for 70 kg of paddy. This was some years ago. After retaining what his family required, he could make Rs. 8000 in a year this way. With that, he looked for the family. Thus the livelihood of Ramachari was related to agriculture.
Then the poor may lose their food security. So I think this is not the right scheme.

Question 7.
Do you think the hardships that the family faces were because of:
(a) Ramachari’s lack of awareness and effort (OR)
(b) the livelihood situation in the village. (Textbook Page No. 193)
Answer:
(b) the livelihood situation in the village.

Question 8.
What do you think can be done so that Ramachari and his family get two square meals a day? (Textbook Page No. 193)
Answer:
Ramachari should also go to the nearest town with his wife for daily works. Then only he and his family can get two square meals a day.

Question 9.
How would you describe the exchange between Ramachari and the farmers in the village? (Textbook Page No. 193)
Answer:
I describe the exchange between Ramachari and the farmers in the village as follows:
“One for all and all for one”.

Question 10.
How many kilograms of paddy would Ramachari retain for the family in normal years? (Textbook Page No. 193)
Answer:
1300 kgs of rice approximately.

Question 11.
Can we consider Rs. 8000 a year sufficient to cover the family’s expenses (other than foodgrains)? (Textbook Page No. 193)
Answer:
Rs. 8000 per year means Rs. 667 per month. We cannot consider it sufficient to cover the family’s expenses.

Question 12.
Discuss the different living standards in the following urban picture. (Textbook Page No. 193)

Answer:

People in building	People in tents
1) They spend luxurious life.	1) They spend miserable life.
2) They are rich.	2) They are poor.
3) They have better facilities.	3) They have no common facilities.

Question 13.
Here are a few steps that the government must undertake to support agricultural growth and those dependent on agriculture. Can you write a few lines on each? Why is it important? You could give examples from your own context.
i) Timely provision of seed, fertilizer, pesticides by the government such that the farmer does not have to depend on middlemen/ traders. The government must ensure that these products are of standard quality and reasonably priced.
ii) Small irrigation projects
iii) Timely availability of bank loans at reasonable interest rate
iv) Outlets or marketing the crops at a fair price for producers
v) Development of roads, transport systems in the countryside
vi) Assistance to farmers in case of crop failure . (Textbook Page No. 197)
Answer:
i) The farmers earn least income on agriculture. They cannot purchase seeds etc., from dealers for more rates.
e.g.: In recent period, the low quality cotton seeds were supplied to the farmers in some districts. They met heavy losses due to this.

ii) In India agriculture depends on monsoons which are indefinite. So the small irrigation projects should be encouraged.
e.g.: Ten years back there were no rains. So the farmers did not sow the seeds. But suddenly there were heavy rains in the months of July and August. They bought the sprouts for heavy rates and sowed them. The crops grew well. At the end of November there was a heavy cyclone. All the fields were drowned. So there should be small irrigation projects.

iii) If the loans are not available in time, the farmers would approach the money lenders or other landlords. They collect heavy interests on the loans. The farmers will become .permanent debtors.

(v) e.g.: In recent past the lorry owners announced and conducted a strike for many days. At that time some farmers failed to carry the sugarcane to the factory. They incurred heavy losses as it got dried.

vi) In case of crop failure, the banks should lend additional loans and should write off the interests. Otherwise the farmers cannot cultivate in the next crop season. They cannot repay the loan. Today many farmers are committing suicides due to these reasons.

Question 14.
Read the following and answer the following questions.
MNREGA lays down that any adult member willing to do unskilled manual work and who is looking for work must be given work by the government. A rural household can demand at least one hundred days of employment in a year for which they would be paid not below the minimum wages. The following are some sample activities taken up under MNREGA.

• water conservation and water harvesting
• drought proofing (including afforestation and tree plantation)
• provisions of irrigation facility to land owned by households belonging to the SCs and STs
• renovation of traditional water bodies including desilting of tanks.

(i) With the help of your teacher, find out what the above works (given in Italics) mean.
Answer:
The above mentioned works fulfil the needs of agriculture. This enables the villages to arrange their resources. This indicates the development of villages.

(ii) Plan a visit to one of the sites in your village/ town where you can see public works in progress. Record your conversations.
In our village ‘Nunna’, the canal banks are repaired under this scheme. The roads are cleaned and the tanks are desilted.
Due to this scheme, the people are getting works in summer season also. This controls their migrations.

(iii) Why do you think the MNREGA places priority on provision of irrigation facility to land owned by households belonging to the SCs and STs?
Answer:
The government sanctioned some funds for the development of SCs and STs from many years. These funds were remained unused. So these are used for irrigation and drinking water facilities to them only. With this they feel self-reliance.

Question 15.
Why do you think is the calorie intakes of the people so low? (Textbook Page No. 194)
Answer:
As they have low earnings, they cannot purchase costly foods which have high calories. They cannot eat and cannot work. So they are habituated to eat stomachful of food, e.g.: Rice & chutney / rice & curry or rice & sambar.
So they are taking so low calories.

Question 14.
Do you think the poor will be served better now with new policy? Provide reasons in favour of your answer. (Textbook Page No. 201)
Answer:
I think that the poor will be served better now with new policy.
Reasons:

1. The government takes back the white cards from ineligibles.
2. So the provisions are supplied only to the poor and the poorest.

Question 15.
Ration shops are also called fair price shops. Can you guess why? (Textbook Page No. 202)
Answer:
The provisions in ration shops are available at low prices when compared to open market. So they are called fair price shops.

Question 16.
Could you suggest some more ways of improving the PDS? (Textbook Page No. 201)
Answer:
Some suggestions:

1. The beneficiaries should be selected confidentially.
2. Middle class also should be taken into consideration with BPL families.
3. Standard weights should be measured in these ration shops.
4. Dealers should be selected on a particular basis.

SCERT AP Board 8th Class Social Solutions 22nd Lesson Film and Print Media Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Solutions 22nd Lesson Film and Print Media

8th Class Social Studies 22nd Lesson Film and Print Media Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
Write any three differences between drama and film.
Answer:

Cinemas	Stage plays
1. More expensive.	1. Less expensive.
2. They can be projected in several places at one time.	2. This can be played in one place at one time only.
3. These can be shot In several places.	3. These can be presented on one stage.

Question 2.
Do you think any story or poem in your language textbook could be made into a small film? Can you think of various people you will need in making a film based on that?
Answer:
Yes. It could be made into a small film.
Producer, Director, Editor, Cameraman, Actors, Actresses, Junior artists, Singers, Musicians and other technicians are needed for this.

Question 3.
Some people argue “Cinema is a powerful tool to transform the society”. Others argue that “It has a negative impact”. Whom do you agree with and why?
Answer:
“I think that cinema is a powerful tool to transform the society with positive or negative impact”. Whatever may be the change, the cinemas have that power.
Reason:
The influence that the cinema exerts on the minds of those who visit it is at once beneficial and harmful.
The films shown in the cinema are often very instructive and informative. Almost every film shows something about the activities and customs of the people in other lands. By seeing such films, one learns a lot about human activities. One also gains a better understanding of people of the world.

Further, some films show the battles that were fought in the past. They also sometimes show very vividly how man has struggled through the centuries to remove discomfort from his life. In this way, some films have given many people an insight into the past. Even illiterate people have benefited from such films. What they cannot acquire from books owing to their inability to read, they can acquire from films. School students, too, often benefit from a visit to the cinema. What they see and hear in the cinema makes a better impression on their minds than only the spoken words of their teachers. For all these reasons, the cinema is often regarded as an important means of spreading knowledge.

It must be admitted, however, that some films have exerted an evil influence on many people. Films which show the activities of criminals have encouraged many youths to commit acts of crime. Other films, too, such as those dealing with sex and other natural weaknesses of man, have corrupted the morals of many people. As a result, the governments of many countries have been compelled to interfere in the display and production of certain films. Yet, the cinema continues to retain its popularity.

Question 4.
What were the major themes discussed in early films? How is it similar or different from the films you have seen?
Answer:
Similarities:

1. Both are mostly family type pictures.
2. Both have pictures of puranas.
3. Both have efficient artistes.

Differences:

Cinemas I have seen	Early Cinemas
1) These are fighting oriented.	1) These were melodious.
2) These are high budget pictures.	2) These were low budget pictures.
3) Most of the pictures are based on love.	3) Most of the pictures were based on values.
4) Some pictures have scenes of objection.	4) These were accepted by all.
5) Comedy is turned as worst.	5) Comedy was fine and moderate.

Question 5.
How did newspapers play a major role in the freedom movement?
Answer:
Role of Newspapers in Cultural Awakening and Freedom Movement
During the British period, Social reformers began actively campaigning for radical changes in the society. The reformation of Hinduism, the move for abolition of ‘Sat! and efforts to encourage widow re-marriage were some of the major reforms. Inspired by these great leaders, many newspapers were started in different parts of the country.
Many freedom fighters of Indian Independence were the editors of newspapers. Amrit Bazar Patrika (started in 1868) was edited by Sisir Kumar Ghosh, Bengalee (started in 1833) was edited by Surendranadh Banerjee, ‘The Hindu’ (started in 1878) was edited by G. Subramaniya Iyer, ‘Kesari’ (started in 1881) was edited by Balagangadhara Tilak.

The editors expressed their views through these newspapers. These papers played a prominent role in arousing national consciousness among Indians. The Krishna Patrika was edited by Mutnuri Krishna Rao. Nilagiripathrika, edited by S.V. Narasimha Rao of Nalgonda. Tenugu pathrika by Vaddiraju brothers from Inugurthi in Warangal. Golkonda, edited by Suravaram Pratapa Reddy. Urdu magazine Rayyat, edited by Mandumula Narasing Rao,
Mahatma Gandhi wrote profusely. He took over the ‘Young India’ in 1918 and started another journal ‘Navjeevan’ in Gujarati. He wrote extensively in ‘Harijan’ under the editorship of Mahadev Desai.
Thus the newspapers played an important role in Freedom movement.

Question 6.
Collect the newspaper clippings that depict latest issues. Exhibit them in your classroom.
Answer:
Students Activity.

Question 7.
What are the reasons for the disappearance of dramas now-a-days.
Answer:

1. Nowadays television sets are attracting the people. All are simply sitting infront of TV sets and enjoying their leisure time.
2. Cinema industry is also attracting the people of all ages.
3. Computers & internet are keeping the world in front of the people etc.

Project

Prepare the script for a drama. Perform the drama in your class. (Class Activity)
Answer:
” A woman, June, Screams! She is on the ground holding her feet. She shakes her leg and screens some more.
June: “AH!”
Hank runs out to see what’s wrong.
Hank: “What happened ?”
June: “I got strong by a bee …. on the foot”.
Hank: “Let me see”.
June flops down and holds up her foot.
Hank: “Okay, let me get the stinger out. I hear if you can get it out without squeezing the
little venom bag then it won’t hurt as much.
June: “Ow ! Ow ! Ow ! Get it out”.
June is shaking her foot.
Hank: Hold still: June tries to stop struggling.
Hank carefully gets it with one finger.
Hank: “There ”
June: “Still hurts”
She shakes her foot at him. Hank struggles and then holds her leg still again and looks.
Hank: “Look like there is a bit of stinger is there still.”
June: “Get it out”
Hank: “I’m going to need to tweezers or something”
June: “Get some tweezers”
Hank: “Okay Okay”.

8th Class Social Studies 22nd Lesson Film and Print Media InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are differences in a stage play and a film? Make a comparative table. (Textbook Page No. 240)
Answer:
Similarities:

1. Both give entertainment.
2. Both have actors.
3. Both are encouraged by the people.

Differences:
Stage play: A stage play is performed live. There is the possibility that there will be mistakes during the performance. The actors have to project their voice and make their movements and facial expressions big and obvious enough for the audience to be able to hear/see them. The cast of a stage play will rehearse the show for months before the first performance and the performance dates can go on for months as well. Auditions for a role in stage play usually only take a couple of weeks.

Film: A film is recorded. You are allowed to make some mistakes because you can just start over and film it again. The actors have to be realistic and believable. The cast of a film will usually only have several minutes to rehearse the scene before filming it, and this applies to each scene filmed. It can take a few weeks just to film on scene. Filming can take as long as a month to a year or more. Auditions for a role in a film can take months.

Question 2.
With the help of your teacher, discuss the changes in the livelihood opportunities from play to films. (Textbook Page No. 240)
Answer:
The persons who have good voice were encouraged as stage artists. But in films, their physical beauty was also taken for consideration. The stage artists made a beeline to the studios for a chance in films. Those who have chances in this field are settled well. Some have lost their wealth also.

Question 3.
Bring to the classroom various newspapers available in your area. Form as many teams. Now analyse the papers for the way the news is organised. (Textbook Page No. 244)
Answer:
In our village we receive two papers – Eenadu and Sakshi dailies.
In my class we form as two teams.

1. Eenadu team: National and International and other main news in first page, later editorial. ‘Vasundhara’ 4 pages special for ladies and sports page, business affairs, advertisements, cinema page/celiuloid page, TV screen details etc. In district edition all the news relating to the district is given.
2. Sakshf Team: 14 pages main edition and district edition; Main national or international news in the first page. The news is continued in the second page. Advertisement about tenders, 4 pages edition ‘family’. An interview with a great personality, stories to children, strange issues in subjects, Bhakthi News, Cinema news, Job opportunities, Business page. District paper with all the news related to the district.

Question 4.
Form two groups and have a debate on pros and cons of fan clubs. (Textbook Page No. 242)
Answer:
Pros: They praise their artists. They give free advertisement for their pictures. They support the film for 100 days functions. In addition to this, they conduct social service activities on the name of organization.
e.g.: Blood donation camps, Eye camps etc.
Cons: There will be severe competition between these organisations. Sometimes they give wrong statements about the picture. These opinions discourage the cine fans.

Question 5.
Ask your parents about the plays they had seen during their childhood. (Textbook Page No. 239)
Answer:
Bhuvana Vijayam, Chintamani, Kanyashulkam, Rakta Kanneeru etc., are the most popular plays in those days.

Question 6.
What changes have occurred in drama over the period? (Textbook Page No. 239)
Answer:
In those days there were the dramas of epic stories. Nowadays social dramas are popular. The stage decoration is also changed. Now it is in modern ways. The artists were selected on the basis of voice and its modulation, but now it is based on physique and other things. Mikes are also useful to those who have small voices. But there is no encouragement for these dramas.

Question 7.
Make a mime presentation of five minutes and a play for five minutes. Compare the ease of performance, the themes that can be presented and the communication to the audience. (Textbook Page No. 240)
Answer:
Students should present the activity.
Comparison:

Issues	Mime	Drama
1) The ease of performance.	This is very tough task.	Somehow easy.
2) The themes that can be presented.	Small issues, comedy themes social issues can be opted for presentation.	Social and stories of epics, comedy themes can be opted.
3) The communication to the audience.	The audience can understand the theme easily in such a resonable time.	The audience can understand after hearing the dialogue.

Question 8.
Make a list of sources of entertainment in your village or town. How will you assess their popularity? What changes are occurring over time? (Textbook Page No. 241)
Answer:
There are cinema halls, ‘Kshethrayya Kalakshetram’, Sibar Disney Land and Rajiv Gandhi Park in our city. Out of these cinema halls are always full. Kalakshetram is popular for dramas and other stage programmes. Many people visit Hailand, Disneyland. Rajiv Gandhi Park on Sundays, holidays and summer weekends.
Nowadays people are very crazy about TVs and Cricket Matches. Elders in the families and girls are watching TVs, boys are interested in cricket.

Question 9.
Select some popular TV channels. Form a team of 4 to 5 children. Each team should assess the proportion of time allocated by a channel to various themes like religion, News, films, serials, etc. Share your findings with other teams in the class. (Textbook Page No. 241)
Answer:
Group – A:
Selected: ETV Channel.
The following ETV channel allocated the proportion of time to various programmes.

Morning	Noon		Night
6.00    – Aradhana 6.30 – Annadhata 7.00   – ETV News 7.30 – Subhamastu 8.30 – Tollywood Time 9.00    – Paduta Teeyaga	12.00   – D Juniors 1.30 – Jayapradam 3.00    – Alito jalliga	4.30 – Extra Jabardast 6.00 – ETV @ 20	9.00 – ETV News 9.30 – Reas Dectective 10.45 – Eenadu Cinema

Group – B:
Selected: Maa TV Channel.
Hence there is variation in programmes of various channels selected by different groups.

Morning	Noon	Evening	Night
7.30 – Raasi Phalam	12.30 – Cinema	6.30 – Cinema	8.30 – Cinema
8.30- Vehari	3.30 – Cinema
10.00- Mahabharat

Question 10.
List at least two more films which tell about the freedom struggle. (Textbook Page No. 242)
Answer:
Bharatheeyudu, Mangal Pandey and Bhagath Singh.

Question 11.
Collect patriotic songs from the Telugu movies. (Textbook Page No. 242)
Answer:

1. Bharatha yuvatha kadalira,
   Navayuva Bharatha vidhayaka Bharatha yuvatha kadaliraa!
2. Jananee janmabhoomischa Swargadapi gareeyasi
3. Naa janmabhoomi entha andamaina desamu Naa lllu Andulona Kammani Pradesamu
4. Punyabhoomi naa desam namo namami Dhanyabhoomi naa desam sada smarami.

Question 12.
Analyse the latest movie that you saw for its content and influence on children like you. (Textbook Page No. 243)
Answer:
Sreemanthudu was the latest movie which I saw. In this picture hero was much interested in rural development programme. In order to develop a village he adopts the whole village. In this regard he faces some consequences with villains and finally he implements some programmes for the development of the village people. This movie mobilises each and every person towards development, of the society.

Question 13.
Make a list of movies that various students in the class have seen during the month.
Rank them on a scale of 0 to 5 for violence; where 5 is for films with no violence and f for films with repulsive violence. (Student Activity) (Textbook Page No. 243)
Answer:

1. Sri Rama Rajyam – 5
2. Baadshah – 1
3. Mirchi – 2
4. Greeku Veerudu – 3
5. Swamy Raa Raa – 3
6. Aravind – II – 2

Question 14.
Collect one week issues of the (Eenadu, Sakshi) newspapers. In the above teams make a list of special features and the days on which they appear and present it to the class. Give your reasons why such features are published by the newspaper. (Textbook Page No. 244)
Answer:
I divided my class into three different, groups and given work to all of them to gather information on what issues are presented from one week onwards.

First group: Read Eenadu.
In this newspaper they mention about burning topic of construction of dams. Why the newspapers are presented that issues means, to explain the people what programmes are implemented by the government and how far they are completed and reached to people.

Second group: Andhra Jyothi newspaper they mentioned about A.P special status issue in the Parliament.
In this newspaper they are presenting what are the demands of A.P people and how far central government fulfill these. Due to this people known about what’s going on in our country and state.

Third group: The Hindu newspaper.
It is publishing the news about NEET Exam.
Because lakhs of science students are waiting for what judgement is going to be given by Supreme Court. Is it beneficial to them or not?
Like this, the newspapers are presenting the burning issues and brought to the common people to know what’s going on in our country And made them to alert about their future.

Question 15.
There are also journals on various purposes. Collect a cover page of old issues of various magazines available in your village/ town and classify them according to the subject. Are there any other ways of classifying these journals? (Textbook Page No. 244)
Answer:

1. Swathi – Weekly – Entertainment
2. Navya – Weekly – Entertainment
3. India Today – Weekly – Politics
4. Sitara – Weekly – Cine Magazine
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SCERT AP Board 8th Class Social Solutions 16th Lesson Abolition of Zamindari System Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Solutions 16th Lesson Abolition of Zamindari System

8th Class Social Studies 16th Lesson Abolition of Zamindari System Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
When laws are passed in the Asembly, there is much discussion on it from different points of view. What would have been the different points of view regarding the Land Reform Act in 1950s? Which point of view would have been stronger?
Answer:
Different points of view:

1. Zamindari system should be abolished.
2. Zamindars should be compensated.
3. Land should be given to the poor for cultivation.
4. Tenants should be the owners of their land.
5. Vetti/Begar should be abolished.
6. Large tracts of waste land should be redistributed to the poor.
7. Tax collection authority should be in the hands of government.
8. Peasantry should be protected from landlords.
   Stronger point of view: Put an end to the rural poverty.

Question 2.
What would have been the points of view in 1970s when the Land Ceiling Acts were passed?
Answer:
Points of view:

1. All the wealth in the nation is centralised in some hands only.
2. Many small farmers are the owners of small land holdings.
3. Many Daliths are landless.
4. Big buildings, cattle sheds and agriculture implements were left in the possession of the erstwhile landlords.
5. Zamindars were changed as landlords and landlords as industrialists.

Question 3.
Do you think the peasant women gained from these reforms in any way? Give your reasons.
Answer:
We can say that they gained something.
Reasons:

1. Some landlords and big farmers transferred the surplus lands to their family women.
2. There were also instances where fictitious divorces were taken in law courts to show husband and wife as separate families. Thus they owned lands.
3. Women also worked in fields with their husbands for coolie. But now they started working in their own fields.

Question 4.
Why was the end to vetti important for all kinds of peasants? What would the landlords have done to cultivate their lands now?
Answer:
‘Vetti’ is a black spot for humanity. Many struggles were led against this. So the end of it was important for all kinds of peasants. In olden days, there were no landlords as they are now. They appointed ‘Palers’ and ‘Coolies’ in their lands to work during cultivation.

Question 5.
Imagine that you are a tenant who got ownership over land when the Land Reform Act was implemented. Write down your feelings.
Answer:
“I got 4 acres of land according to this Act. I paid some amount for this. Till now I and my family members worked hard in our Dora’s fields. But from now onwards I am the owner of this land. We, the family members, work hard in our own field. We are so happy. We breathe- in the air of independence”.

Question 6.
Imagine that you are a landlord at the time of Land Reform Act. Describe your feelings and actions at that time.
Answer:
“Alas! Today is a bad day for us. I lost my 4000 acres of land. Till now my house is filled with bags of grains, wealth, servants and vetti people. But now I lost everything. By playing many tricks, I saved only 150 acres of land.
I feel very happy to see independent India but I lost all my wealth. How can we lead our life without wealth and power?”

Question 7.
Many people feel that the land reform actually harmed a large number of tenants – at- will. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons.
Answer:
I do agree with this to some extent.
Reasons:

1. Some tenants paid the price fixed by the government and owned their land.
2. Thousands of poor peasants could not pay the price or did not have legal recognition as tenants.
3. Zamindars retained control over their Khudkasht lands and declared their tenants to be labourers.
4. They also evicted a large number of tenants to take over their lands for self-cultivation.

Question 8.
Why was the Land Ceiling Act not implemented effectively even though the govern¬ment tried to make effective laws?
Answer:
The Act could not be implemented properly due to machinations of the landlords and also lack of sufficient political determination on the part of the government.

Question 9.
Why do you think the spirit of Bhoodan did not help to end landlordism and get land to the tiller?
Answer:
In this movement, the landlords should donate their land with their own interest. This kind of humanity was not in them. Some of them donated only ‘Banjar’ and ‘Porambok’ lands only instead of cultivated land. 90% of the fertile lands remained with the landlords. So the movement did not help to end landlordism and get land to the tiller.

Question 10.
Locate Pochampally village in Nalgonda district in combined Andhra Pradesh map.
Answer:

Question 11.
Read the first paragraph under heading ‘Rural Poverty at the time of Independence’ and answer the following: Are the conditions improved now? In what way?
Answer:
We can say that the conditions are improved now.
They are working as industrial labours also. They are leading their lives by working in laying roads, making of handicrafts etc. They are going to schools also. The agricultural labourers have a better demand now. Thus their conditions are improved.

Question 12.
Form a group of five students each. Discuss the experiences of elders of your area about the land ceiling. Know out whether the issue happen in that village as mentioned in the chapter. Prepare a report and submit in the class.
Answer:

Report

We met 15 elders in this project. With this Act many were turned as beggars, some were escaped.
Some transferred the ownership of the lands to their relations, friends, labourers etc., and saved their properties. Some lost everything with this Act. They cried a lot.
On the whole the Act caused relief to some and pain to some.

8th Class Social Studies 16th Lesson Abolition of Zamindari System InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
While the slogan ‘Land to the Tiller’ meant that the tenant will get the land, what will happen to the landless agricultural worker, who works for wages? (Textbook Page No. 185)
Answer:
The conditions of the tenants were somehow improved. But the conditions of the landless agricultural workers remain the same. They are still in the same poverty.

Question 2.
Some people feel that the land reform laws only tried to help the landlords. Do you agree with them? (Textbook Page No. 186)
Answer:
Yes, I agree with them.
Giving compensation to the Zamindars, continuing them as owners of the Khudkasht etc., reveal this.

Question 3.
Some people feel that the land reform laws tried to transfer land and power to prosperous tenant farmers only. Do you agree with them? (Textbook Page No. 186)
Answer:
Yes, I agree with them. The reason behind it is the government made a rule that the tenants would be given land only if they paid some price for it. Those peasants who could pay became the owners of the land. Rest of them were remained as poor only.

Question 4.
Some others feel that the laws tried to strike a balance between the interests of different rural groups in order to minimise internal conflicts. Do you agree with them? (Textbook Page No. 186)
Answer:
Yes, I agree with them.
According to these laws, the Zamindars became landlords, some tenants became land owners and some poor became owners of banjar lands. So we can say that internal conflicts were minimised.

Question 5.
Some people think that it should have been implemented in 1950 while others feel that such a measure would have caused a lot of opposition. Discuss the two views in the class and decide which view you agree with. (Textbook Page No. 190)
Answer:
It is very difficult to implement these laws in 1950. “Acquisition of that much land from the owners, that too immediately after independence there might be a chance of inner conflicts and strong opposition. But there were many leaders like Sardar Vailabhai Patel. The government might meet the challenges arisen. So I also think that it should have been implemented in 1950.

Question 6.
Compare the implementation of Land Ceiling Act in West Bengal and in Andhra Pradesh discuss how the Act could be effectively implemented. (Textbook Page No. 191)
Answer:
We can say that the Act was implemented in a mean way.

Several landlords gave false declarations to the officers and did not reveal the excess land. Anticipating the Act several landlords transferred their lands in the names of their close relatives, friends, and even farm servants. There were also instances where fictitious divorces were taken in law courts to show husband and wife as separate families. In this way even those farmers who had surplus land as per the Act protected their lands and did not show any surplus. Some of the surplus land that was taken over by the government was not fit for cultivation.

One of the states in which the Land Ceiling Act was more efficiently implemented was West Bengal. The West Bengal government acted with great determination and mobilized the landless and small peasants to participate in the implementation of the ceiling laws.

The Act could not be implemented properly due to machinations of the landlords and also lack of sufficient political determination on the part of the government.

Question 7.
Do you think there was any other way of giving gainful employment to the rural poor? (Textbook Page No. 185)
Answer:
At present there are many ways of giving gainful employment. But there were less opportunities at that time. The British destroyed the occupational system of India. The people lost all their chances of employment. So I think there were no other ways.

Question 8.
How many acres of land does a family of four persons need to get a decent living in your area? (Give the figures separately for both irrigated and unirrigated land.) (Textbook Page No. 185)
Answer:
A family of four persons needs 8 acres of irrigated land and 30 acres of dry land to get a decent living in our area.

Question 9.
Who gained most and who did not gain at all? Do you think the landlords lost much? (Textbook Page No. 186)
Answer:
Zamindars gained most.
Reasons:

1. Even though they lost their income, they received 20, 30 times to that as compensation.
2. ‘Khudkasht’ lands were also under their control.
3. They used various loop holes in the law to retain control over large portion of land. The poor did not gain at all.

Reason: They remained unrecognized and as agricultural labourers.

Question 10.
Which sections of the peasants of Telangana gained from the various reforms? In what ways did they benefit? (Textbook Page No. 189)
Answer:
From the various reforms in Telangana the landlords and the ryots of some castes gained.

1. The dominant sections of the cultivating communities of these jagirs got patta right on lands.
2. Jagirdars received crores of rupees as compensation.
3. Big buildings, cattle sheds and agriculture implements were left in the possession of the erstwhile landlords.
4. Thousands of acres of fertile land also remained with them as Khudkasht lands.
   So we can say that feudalists gained much.

Question 11.
To what extent did the landless service castes benefit from these reforms? (Textbook Page No. 189)
Answer:
They were not benefited in any way from these reforms.

Question 12.
To what extent did the landlords loose and to what extent did they manage to protect their interests? (Textbook Page No. 189)
Answer:
We can say that landlords lost nothing.

Many of the laws were implemented tardily. Due to the delay in implementation the large landlords used it to their best advantage. Using the loop holes in the Tenancy Act the Zamindars regained control over the lands from the tenants. The Zamindars after abolition continued as big landlords claiming the land as their own. These lands were diverted to set up industries. For example, the Challapalli Zamindar showed 2650 acres under his sugar factory. But eventually they transformed as entrepreneurs in Andhra. But in Telangana they continued their domination into the twenty first century.

Question 13.
Observe the following table and fill in the blanks. (Textbook Page No. 189)

The Structure and Distribution of Landholdings in Andhra Pradesh, 1956-2006
Source: Directorate of Economic and Statistics (DES), Hyderabad.

	1955-56		1980-81		2005-06
	Share in no. of landholdings	Share in cultivated area	Share in no. of landholdings	Share in cultivated area	Share in no. of landholdings	Share in cultivated area
Small 0-2 hect.	58%	18%	73%	29%	83%	48%
Medium 2-10 hect	32%	44%	25%	52%	16%	46%
Large 10 above hect.	10%	38%	2%	19%	1%	6%
Total	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Answer:
Reading the table: Read the figures for the year 1955-56 carefully. It tells us that, after the land reforms had been implemented 58% of farmers were small farmers with less than 2 hectares of land each. Even though they formed more than half of all farmers, they had less than 20% of cultivated land. On the other hand you can see that large farmers or landlords who were only about 10% of the farmers had about 38% of all cultivated land.
After the land ceiling was implemented in 1970s see the changes that took place. The number of small farmers who were …58..% increased/decreased to …83.. %. Medium farmers now were less in number and controlled …32% to 16..% more/ less land than before. Large landowners declined to less than …1.. % but still owned about …6.. % of land.

Question 14.
Why did the Land Ceiling Act become necessary? (Textbook Page No. 190)
Answer:
Many Acts after independence have not changed the ownership of lands in India. It changed Zamindars as landlords, landlords as big farmers. But it did nothing to the common poor.
The ownership of the land was only a few hands. So the Land Ceiling Act became necessary.