Category: Class 7

SCERT AP 7th Class English Textbook Answers 4th Lesson The Brave Little Bowman Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Unit 4 Questions and Answers The Brave Little Bowman

7th Class English Unit 4 The Brave Little Bowman Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the picture below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What are the men doing?
Answer:
The men are fighting.

Question 2.
What weapons are they using?
Answer:
The men are using maces (gadha) to fight.

Question 3.
Where do we see such fight scenes?
Answer:
We see such fight scenes in wars during the times of kings.

Question 4.
Can you name soma world famous personalities from any field?
Answer:
Yes, I can name some world famous personalities. For example, Virat Kohli from cricket, Kalam from science and technology, Narendra Modi from politics, P.V.Sindhu from tennis.

Question 5.
Is it their appearance/skill that makes them great personalities?
Answer:
It is their skill that makes them great.

Questions Given In The Lesson

Possible answers to the questions given in the middle of the lesson :

Question 1.
Do you know the success story of Sudha Chandran? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, I know the success story of Sudha Chandran. She is an Indian film actor and a famous Bharatanatyam dancer. She overcame her disability of losing her right leg in an accident and danced again with great courage and determination.

Question 2.
Collect the names of such personalities and share with your friends.
Answer:
Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, George Washington, Helen Keller, Franklin D.Roosevelt, Ludwig Van Beethoven, Nik Vujicic, Rowan Atkinson, Walt Disney are some of the successful personalities with disabilities. They proved that their disability couldn’t stop them from achieving their goals.

Question 3.
Can the big man win the battle ? Substantiate your answer.
Answer:
I think the big man can’t win the battle as he is not a skilled warrior.

Question 4.
Will the little man support the big man?
Answer:
Yes, the little man will support the big man.

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why didn’t the little bowman go to the king and ask for a job in the army?
Answer:
The little bowman was afraid that the king would reject him as he was short and had a crooked back.

Question 2.
What did the little bowman tell the big man to do when he saw him digging ditches?
Answer:
The bowman approached him and said, “The days of your misery are over! You will immediately be recruited in the army because of your physique and you can then introduce me to them as your assistant. I will do the work that you will be given to do and we shall divide the pay between’us. This way both of us will be able to live comfortably.”

Question 3.
How did the big man introduce the little man to the king?
Answer:
The big man introduced the little man to the king as his assistant.

Question 4.
Did the big man kill the tiger and the wild elephant? Who killed them?
Answer:
No, the big man did not kill the tiger and the wild elephant. The little bowman killed them with his skill in archery.

Question 5.
If you were the big man, what would you do in the battlefield?
Answer:
If I were the big man, I would not leave the battlefield. As I knew the skill of the little bowman in archery, I would stay on the elephant and finish the battle.

Question 6.
Did the running away of the big man from the battlefield benefit the little man? How?
Answer:
The running away of the big man from the battlefield benefited the little man undoubtedly. The little man got a change to prove his skill and power. He was recognized by the king and received the much-deserved honour at last.

B. Put the following sentences in the order of events.

The big man and the little man joined the king’s army.
The little man told the big man to ask the king to let him join the army.
The little man saw a big strong man digging a ditch.
The big man slipped off the war elephant’s back and ran off into the city.
The little man killed the tiger and the wild elephant.
Answer:
The big man and the little man joined the king’s army. (3)
The little man told the big man to ask the king to let him join the army. (2)
The little man saw a big strong man digging a ditch. (1)
The big man slipped off the war elephant’s back and ran off into the city. (5)
The little man killed the tiger and the wild elephant. (4)

C. Say whether the following statements are True or False.

1. The little bowman introduced the big man as his assistant to the king.
2. The little man killed the tiger arid the wild elephant.
3. The big man asked the king to pay him five hundred pieces a month.
4. The little bowman led the elephant into the battle and won the battle.
5. The king made the little bowman the chief of his army and gave him rich gifts
Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True

Correct the false statements and write them here.
1. The big man introduced the little bowman as his assistant to the king.
3. The king told the big man that he would give a thousand silver coins a month.

Vocabulary

A. Crossword Puzzle
Fill the puzzle using the clues given below.
Across
1. an archer
3. sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety
5. unkind, severe
6. having knowledge or ability
2. a brave soldier
3. express warm approval or admiration .
4. bent or twisted out of shape
7. a narrow channel dug at the side of the road or field

Answer:

B. Observe how the past and past participle forms of the verbs are formed in set I and set II.

Note:
Verbs such as walk, ask, join, etc, which you find in set I are Regular Verbs.
Verbs such as take, drive, give, etc, which you find in set II are Irregular Verbs.
Pick out the verbs from the lesson, and write the V2 (past) and V3 (past participle) forms and place them under proper headings.

C. Find the ‘antonyms / opposites’ for the given words from the reading text.

1. unarmed
2. foolish
3. unskilled
4. relaxed
5. coward
6. separate
7. gentle
8. proud
9. straight
10. dismount

Antonyms:

1. unarmed × armed
2. foolish × wise
3. unskilled × skilled
4. relaxed × disturbed
5. coward × brave
6. separate × join
7. gentle × harsh
8. proud × humble
9. straight × crooked
10. dismount × mount

D. Fill in the blanks with the opposite of the word underlined.

1. Never speak harshly, always speak _________ .
2. Cruelty towards animals is a sin. We should show _________ to animals.
3. Everybody likes to be praised. Nobody likes to be _________ .
4. I am glad I got the job, but _________ on leaving my home town.
5. David told his timid young brother to be _________ .
Answer:

1. Never speak harshly, always speak kindly.
2. Cruelty towards animals is a sin. We should show kindness to animals.
3. Everybody likes to be praised. Nobody likes to be blamed.
4. I am glad I got the job, but sad on leaving my home town.
5. David told his timid ybimg brother to be brave.

Grammar

Read the following sentences from the reading text.

• The king will take both of us.
• We will go to the king and ask for a job.
• Will you come with me?

These sentences are in the simple future tense.
Pick out some more sentences which are in the simple future tense from the reading text and write them here. .
1. ___________
2. ___________
3. ___________
4. ___________
5. ___________
6. ___________
Answer:
1. I will do the work assigned to you and we will divide the pay equally.
2. Okay, 1 will go with you.
3. I will take the both of you and give a thousand silver coins a month.
4. We will serve you to the best of our abilities.
5. Will you do it?
6. I will kill the tiger.
7. I will sit behind you on the war elephant and shoot with my bow and arrow.
8. I will fight for the king.

You have already learnt the structure and usage of simple future tense. Now, do the following exercise.

A. Here is how Karim, John and Indu plan their summer holidays.

Fill the blanks with suitable form of verb given in brackets.

1. Hello, I am Karim. Every summer we _______ (go) to Chennai to visit my grandparents. But this summer, we _______ (not visit) them. We _______ (go) on a tour to Singapore. We _______ (do) a lot of shopping there. We _______ (visit) all the sight-seeing places in Singapore. We _______ (stay) there for ten days.
Answer:
Hello, I am Karim. Every summer we go to Chennai to visit my grandparent But this summer, we will not visit them. We will go on a tour to Singapore. We will d0 of shopping there. We will visit all the sight-seeing places in Singapore. We will stay there for ten days.

2. Hello, 1 am John. This summer ______ (go) camping with my classmates and we ______ (climb) up trees. We ______ (make) campfires and ______ (sleep) in tents. But it ______ (last) only for a week. Then, like every summer. I ______ (read) books and ______ (watch) TV at home.
Answer:
Hello, I am John. This summer I will go camping with my classmates and we will climb up trees. We will make campfires and will sleep in tents. But it will last only for a week. Then, like every summer I will read books and will watch TV at home.

3. Hi, I am Indu. Every summer we ______ (go) to my grandpa’s village. He has a lovely farm. This summer too, we ______ (go) there. I ______ (ride) a horse. I ______ (climb) trees and ______ (go) fishing and (pick) up flowers also. I ______ (feed) the lovely animals.
Answer:
Hi, 1 am Indu. Every summer we go to my grandpa’s village. He has a lovely farm. This summer too, we will go there. I will ride a horse. I will climb trees and will go fishing and pick up flowers also. I will feed the lovely animals.

B. Fill the blanks with the verb in simple future tense. (One is done for you)
Ex : He ______ (come) tomorrow.
A. He will come tomorrow. ‘

1. Karim ______ (travel) around Europe next year.
2. The exams ______ (be) in June.
3. The students ______ (finish) the English project in two days.
4. He ______ (call) me tomorrow afternoon.
5. I ______ (get) you something to drink.
Answer:
1. Karim will travel around Europe next year. .
2. The exams will be in June.
3. The students will finish the English project in two days.
4. He will call me tomorrow afternoon.
5. I will get you something to drink.

C. Write negative sentences for the given positive sentences. (One is done for you.)
Ex : They will go shopping on Saturday.
A. They will not go shopping on Saturday.

1. My mother will assign work to me.
Answer:
My mother will not assign work to me.

2. He will get the job.
Answer:
He will not get the job.

3. We shall buy another house.
Answer:
We shall not buy another house.

4. The doctor will see you very soon.
Answer:
The doctor will not see you very soon.

5. He will leave tomorrow.
Answer:
He will not leave tomorrow.

D. Framing questions that take Yes/No responses
Read the following sentences from the story.
Little Man : Can’t you find some other work?
Big Man : No, I can’t.
The King : Have you heard about the wild elephant?
Big Man : Yes, your Majesty.
The King : You must go to the forest and kill the tiger. Will you do it?
Big Man : Yes, your Majesty! I will kill the tiger.

Look at the answers to the above questions. Those answers begin with either YES or NO.

The above questions begin with words can, have, will, did etc. (The Auxiliary Verbs). Now let us see how these questions are framed.

1. Observe the position of the auxiliary verb in the statement and the question.

Statement	Question
1. She is learning classical dance.	Is she learning classical dance?
2. They were playing chess.	Were they playing chess?
3. He will finish the project in time.	Will he finish the project in time?
4. We can enjoy the movie.	Can we enjoy the movie?
5. I should write the examination.	Should I write the examination?

Now, frame questions to the given statements. (One is done for you)
1. He was a skilled archer.
Answer:
Was he a skilled archer?

2. The king will take both of them.
Answer:
Will the king take both of them?

3. I am not a skilled warrior.
Answer:
Am I not a skilled warrior?

4. She is preparing dinner for us.
Answer:
Is she preparing dinner for us?

5. The little girl can tell the names of all Indian Presidents.
Answer:
Can the little girl tell the names of all Indian Presidents?

6. My friends are going on an excursion.
Answer:
Are my friends going on an excursion?

7. They were building a house by this time last year.
Answer:
Were they building a house by this time last year?

8. I should attend the meeting.
Answer:
Should I attend the meeting?

9. We shall take up the challenge.
Answer:
Shall we take up the challenge?

10. The Prime Minister has declared the lockdown.
Answer:
Has the Prime Minister declared the lockdown?

2. Observe the following Statements and Questions.

Statement	Yes / No Question
Birds fly in the air.	Do birds fly in the air?
A cow gives us milk.	Does a cow give us milk?
He got top rank in the examination.	Did he get top rank in the examination?

Now, frame questions for the given statements: (One is done for you)

1. The rainbow appears in the sky.
Answer:
Does the rainbow appear in the sky?

2. The Sun rises in the east.
Answer:
Does the Sun rise in the east?

3. Trees give us fruits.
Answer:
Do trees give us fruits?

4. He wrote a novel.
Answer:
Did he write a novel?

5. She sang a song on the dais.
Answer:
Did she sing a song on the dais?

Writing

A. In the story the big man was appreciated for killing the tiger and the wild elephant. He started ignoring the little bowman. Describe the feelings of the little bowman in this context.

Make use of the following hints.

Unlucky I am – with my skill – killed the tiger – killed the wild elephant – but credit went to the big man – the king and the people praised him — I was ignored – really unfortunate – what can I do now? – can I reveal the truth — may the king punish us – better to keep quiet.
Answer:
How unlucky I am! I killed the tiger and the wild elephant with my skill. But the credit went to the big man. I did not get any recognition. The king and the people praised him but I was ignored. It is really unfortunate. What can I do now? Can I reveal the truth? The king may punish us if I reveal the truth. So it is better to keep quiet.

B. You have read the lesson ‘The Brave Little Bowman’. Rewrite it in the form a story.
Answer:
Once upon a time, there lived a bowman. He was a skillful archer in a city. Though he was short in height and had a crooked back, none could beat him in archery. One day he thought, “ I am good enough to join the king’s army, but he would never take me in because of my short stature and hunched back. I must look for someone tall and pow¬erful, and then I can enter the king’s army as his page.”

One day, the little bowman found the kind of man he was Iooking for. He was a tall and powerful man and used to dig ditches to earn his living. The bowman approached him and said, “The days of your misery are over! 1 am the best archer of this country and worthy of being a part of the king’s royal army. But, I may get rejected because of my height and crooked back. So, I need your help. You will immediately be recruited in the, army because of your physique and you can then introduce me to them as your assistant. I will do the work that you will be given to vdo and we shall divide the pay between us. This way both of us wili be able to live comfortably.”

The tall man gladly agreed. Together they reached the king’s palace and sent word to the king that a famous bowman was there to meet him. The king met the bowman and being impressed by his towering personality, joined him in the royal army. The little man’s dream had come true. He was now a part of the royal army, though disguised as the assistant of the big man.

In those days, there was a man-eater tiger on the loose in the jungle. The king sent for the big man and ordered him to kill the tiger. The big man told the little bowman what the king had said. They went to the forest together and soon, the little bowman shot the tiger dead. The king was extremely impressed by the heroic act of the big man and rewarded him with expensive gifts.

Some days, later, a wild elephant came on the city roads and started killing the people. The big man was asked to go and kill the elephant. The big man carried the little bowman on his shoulders and as always, the little bowman hit his target and killed the elephant.The king was full of praise for the big man and gave him a reward. The big man started treating the little man as his servant and spoke him Very rudely. The little bowmah was very sad.

A few days later, the king of the neighbouring country attacked the kingdom. The king at once sent his army. The big man was mounted on a majestic elephant and was wearing shining armour. The little bowman knew that the big man could not shoot, so he also took his bow and arrow and quietly sat behind the big man on the elephant.

When the big man saw a huge enemy army in front of him, he started to shake with fear. The little bowman asked him to keep sitting quietly, but the big man was so nervous that he jumped off the elephant and ran back to the city from the battle-field.

The little bowman led the elephant fearlessly into the battle-field and killed many of the enemies with his unmistakable shots. All the soldiers were motivated by the little man’s act of bravery and they soon forced the enemy army to withdraw, itself. The king now understood that it was the little bowman who was the real hero. He made ‘ him the chief of his army andalso rewarded him with rich gifts.

Talking Time

Language Function : Offering and asking for help:

Read the-following conversation between Gowtham and Sudha. Work in pairs.

Gowtham : Hello ! Sudha. What will you do tomorrow?
Sudha : I’ll work on my English project.
Gowtham : Shall I help you to complete your project work?
Sudha : I’ll be glad if you can.
Gowtham : Certainly, Sudha.
Sudha : Thank you very much.

Here are some examples for asking for help / offering help :

Asking for help	Offering help
Could you help me ………….. Would you mind ………….. Can you do me a small favour,.. Please ………….. Can you please lend me …………..	Can/May I help ………….. Would you like me to help you…. I will help you ………….. If you need any help, let me know…. Do you want me to help you …………..

Frame sentences to make offers using the words given and practice.
1) Cook the dinner (Shall) ___________________
2) Clean the floor (Can) ___________________
3) Cup of coffee (Would) ___________________
4) Do the shopping (Will) ___________________
5) Make some sandwiches (Would) ___________________
Answer:
Making Offers:

1. Shall I cook dinner for you?
2. Can I clean the floor?
3. Would you like me to give you a cup of coffee?
4. Would you like me to make some sandwiches for you?

Asking for Help:

1. Can you clean the floor for me?
2. Will you do’shopping for me?
3. Would you mind making some sandwiches for me?

Listening

Listen to the story and answer the questions that follow.

AN AUDACIOUS VILLAGE

Every country is protected by the armed forces like the army, the navy and the air force. If one wants to join the armed forces, one needs bravery and patriotism. You may have many professionals like engineers, doctors, lawyers, teachers, etc., in your locality. However it is rare to find people who work in the army from your area.

Madhavaram, called Military Madhavaram in West Godayari District, which is famous for sending men to serve in the armed services for centuries. Almost every household in the small village has at least one member serving in the armed forces.

During colonial rule, youth from the village flocked to the military and participated in major wars. Nearly 90 soldiers from this remote village participated in World War I and the figure rose up to 1,110 in World War II. Many soldiers from this village have laid down their lives.

Soldiers from the village have been a part of every war that independent India has fought. Many soldiers from this village sacrifice and guard the Indian frontiers. The girls in the village prefer to marry military men. The villagers, to commemorate the sacrifice and services of the soldiers, built a memorial for soldiers on the lines of New Delhi’s Amar Jawan. For many years, joining the Indian Armed Forces has remained the career of choice for the young men of the village.

Answer the following questions :
1. What qualities are required to join the Armed forces?
Answer:
Bravery and patriotism .

2. Whom do the girls in the village prefer to marry?
Answer:
Military men

3. How did the villagers commemorate the sacrifice made by the soldiers?
Answer:
By building memorials for soldiers on the lines of New Delhi’s Amar Jawan

4. How many World Wars are mentioned in the story?
Answer:
Two

5. What is Amar Jawan famous for?
Answer:
It is famous for building memorials for soldiers.

Study Skill

A. Study the following pie-chart and answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the pie chart about?
Answer:
The pie chart is about the recommended diet.

2. What is the percentage of vegetables in the diet recommended?
Answer:
18%

3. _______ occupied 9% of the diet recommended.
a) Vegetables
b) Grains
c) Other
Answer:
b) Grains

4. Which item occupies the highest percentage of our diet?
a) Protein
b) Fruit
c) Vegetables
(Note : The question is wrongly given in textbook. Hence, it has been changed for the convenience of students.)
Answer:
b) Fruit

5. Identify the true/false statement.
a) The percentage of fruit in our diet is 23%. (false)
b) Grains occupy the least perccentage of our diet. (false)
c) Vegetables occupy 18% share of our diet. (true)

B. Dictionary Entry

Fun Time

Look at the word ‘make’. By replacing the underlined letter ‘k’ in the word with r, l and t we can make new words like ‘mare, male, mate’ and so on. Now make at least three new words by replacing the letter underlined with any letter of your choice.
make – mare male mate
1) same – _______
2) poke – _______
3) robe – _______
4) sail – _______
5) bake – _______
Answer:

1. safe, sage, sake, sale, same, sane, sate, save
2. pole, pone, pope, pore, pose
3. rode, role, Rome, rope, rose, rote, rove
4. bail, fail, hail, jail, mail, nail, pail, rail,.sail, tail, vail, wail
5. babe, bade, bale, bane, bare, base

Riddles:

Here are some riddles for you to solve. (One is done for you.)
Ex. I am tall when I am young and 1 am short when I am old. What am I?
A. Candle

1) You walk into a room that contains a candle, a kerosene lamp, a match and a fireplace. What would you light first?
2) A man dies of old age on his 25th birthday. How is this possible?
3) What has many keys but can’t open, a single lock?
4) What is black when it is clean and white when it is dirty?
5) Where does today come before yesterday?
Answer:
1) A match
2) The man’s birthday falls on February 29.
(Or)
The man was born on February 29.
3) A piano
4) A blackboard
5) In the dictionary entries

Tongue Twisters:

Say them aloud.

1. Troubles never troubled Trouble, as he himself troubled troubles.
   Mine collected fine and wished to have wine but the shopkeeper closed at nine for fear of fine.
   Bumble often mumbles something to Rumble but the latter does not catch the matter as nothing matters to him.
   Mr. Will, prepared a will as he willed to inherit his paper mill to his daughter, Jill.
   Ms. Sind wound the bandage round the wound and soon unwound it as it was not wound properly around the wound.

The Brave Little Bowman Summary

Once upon a time, there lived a skillful archer in a city. Though he was short in ‘ height and had a crooked back, none could beat him in archery. One day he thought, “I am good enough to join the king’s army, but he would never take ine in because of my short stature and hunched back. I must look for someone tall and powerful, and then I can enter the king’s army as his .page.”

One day, the little bowman found the kind of man he was looking for. He “was a tall and powerful man and used to dig ditches to earn his living. The bowman approached him and said, “The days of your misery are over! I am the best archer of this country and worthy of being a part of the king’s royal army. But, I may get rejected because of my height and crooked back. So, 1 need your help. You will immediately be recruited in the army because of your physique and you can then introduce me to them as your assistant. I will do the work that you will be given to do and we shall divide the pay between us. This way both of us will be able to live comfortably.”

The tall man gladly agreed. Together-they reached the king’s palace and sent word to the king that a famous bowman was there to meet him. The, king met the bowman and being impressed by his towering personality, joined him in the royal army. The little man’s dream had come true. He was now a part of the royal army, though disguised as the assistant of the big man.

In those days, there was a man-eater tiger on the loose in the jungle. The king sent for the big man and ordered him to kill the tiger. The big man told the little bowman what the king had said. They went to the forest together and soon, the little bowman shot the tiger dead. The king was extremely impressed by the heroic act of the big man and rewarded him with expensive gifts.

Some days, later, a wild elephant came on the city roads and started killing the people. The big man was asked to go and kill the elephant. The big man carried the little bowman on his shoulders and as always, the little bowman hit his target and killed the elephant. The king was full of praise for the big man and gave him a reward. The big man started treating the little man as his servant and spoke him very rudely. The little bowman was very sad.

A few days later, the king of the neighbouring country attacked the kingdom. The king at once &ent his army. The big man was mounted on a majestic elephant and was wearing shining armour. The little bowman knew that the big man could not shoot, so he also took his bow and arrow and quietly sat behind the big man on the elephant.

When the big man saw a huge enemy army in front of him, he started to shake with fear. The little bowman asked him to keep sitting quietly, but the big man was so nervous that he jumped off the elephant and ran back to the city from the battle-field.

The little bowman led the elephant fearlessly into the battle-field and killed many of the enemies with his unmistakable shots. All the soldiers were motivated by the little man’s act of bravery and they soon forced the enemy army to withdraw itself. The king now understood that it was the little bowman who was the read hero. He made him the chief of his army and also rewarded him with rich gifts.

Meanings For Difficult Worps

crooked (adj) : bent,or twisted out of shape
ditch (n) : a narrow channel dug at the side of the road or field, to carry away water
earn a living (idiom) : to earn money needed for food and clothing
praise (v) : express warm approval or admiration
harsh (adj) : unkind, severe
bowman (n) : an archer
Your Majesty! (phrase) : the title used to speak to a king (Respected great king)
Your Highness! (phrase) : the title used to speak to a king (Respected great king)
mounted (adj) : riding an animal, typically a horse
warrior (n) : a brave or experienced soldier or fighter
skilled (adj) : having or showing the knowledge or ability
panic (n) : sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety
put fear to rest (phrase) : to calm one’s fear
gave a cold shoulder (phrase) : tread in an unfriendly way
a bolt from the blue (phrase) : a sudden unexpected news
armed (adj) : carrying weapons to fight

A Fairy Song Poem

Over hill, over dale,
Thorough bush, thorough brier,
Over park, over pale,
Thorough flood, thorough fire !
I do wander everywhere,
Swifter than the moon’s sphere;
And I serve the Fairy Queen,
To dew her orbs upon the green;
The cowslips tall her pensioners be;
In their gold coats spots you see;
Those be rubies, fairy favours;
In those freckles live their savours;
I must go seek some dewdrops here,
And hang a pearl in every cowslip’s ear. -By William Shakespeare

Appreciation of the Poem

A. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.

1. The fairy wanders _________
a) over the dale
b) over the hill
c) everywhere
Answer:
c) everywhere

2. The fairy is serving the Fairy Queen by dropping upon the green.
a) dewdrops
b) cowslips
c) rubies
Answer:
a) dewdrops

3. The fairy walks faster than the rotation of the
a) Fairy Queen
b) dewdrops
c) Moon
Answer:
c) Moon

4. The fairy wants to hang a in every cowslip’s ear.
a) dewdrops
b) ruby
c) pearl
Answer:
c) pearl

5. Who are the fairy queen’s pensioners?
a) cowslips
b) dew drops
c) orbs
Answer:
a) cowslips

B. Answer the following questions :

1. Where does the fairy wander?
Answer:
The fairy wanders over hills, dales, parks and pales and through bushes, briers, floods and fire.

2. How quickly does the fairy wander?
Answer:
He wanders faster than the moon.

3. Who does the fairy serve?
Answer:
The fairy serves the Fairy Queen.

4. What are the spots on the cowslips compared with ?
Answer:
The sports on the cowslips are compared with rubies.

5. Identify and write the other rhyming words in the poem:.
( E.g. dale – pale)
Answer:
brier – fire where – sphere
queen – green be – see
favours – savours here- ear

Check Point

A Fairy Song Summary

The poem ‘A Fairy Song’, refers to a fairy that serves his/her fairy queen. He/She spreads the dew on the flower everywhere he/she crosses. He/She wanders many places to do this work like hills, pales and so on.

The fairy flies over hill and open river valleys, through bushes and prickly plants, above parks and fences, through floods and fire.

The fairy travels everywhere faster than the moon revolves around the earth. The fairy serves the Fairy Queen.

The fairy works for the fairy queen and must deliver dewdrops (orbs here refers to the spherical shape of the drops) on the greenery around. This includes delivering dewdrops to the cowslips – a yellow flower with tall slender stems. The cowslips are therefore indebted to the fairy queen and therefore become her pensioners.

In their yellow gold petals being referred to as coats… thus personifying it in a way, you can see spots. The spots are red in colour and therefore look like rubies. If you have seen a cowslip, you will notice it has red spots in the centre. The poet says this is possible because of the favour the fairy does to the cowslips by delivering dew to them. The red spots are compared to freckles that appear at the peak of a cowslip’s life.

The fairy finally says that he/she must look for more dewdrops that have been compared to pearls so that he/she can hang them in every cowslip’s ear. Again this is a personification where the cowslip is given a human quality of having an ear that can be fashioned with a pearl.

A Fairy Song About the Poet

William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor often called the English National Poet and consid¬ered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. He was nicknamed The Bard of Avon. Shakespeare’s works include 38 plays, 2 narrative poems, and 154 sonnets and a variety of other poems. His plays like Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear are some of the finest works in those genres. Some of his works are studied as academic subjects at postgraduate level across the world. This poem (A Fairy Song) is

Meanings For Difficult Words

dale (n) : an open river valley (in a hilly area)
thorough (prep.) : old spelling of ‘through’
brier (n) : tangled mass of prickly plants / a thorny plant
pale (n) : a wooden strip forming part of a fence
wander (v) : move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment
swifter (adj) : faster
sphere (n) : range / ball / area
to dew her orbs (phr.) : In this poem, dew has been used as a verb which could mean to place ‘tiny drops (orbs) of water that form on cool surfaces at night, when atmospheric vapor condenses’
cowslips (n) : The cowslip is a yellow flower belonging to the primrose family. Its name comes from old English for cow dung, perhaps because the plant commonly grew amongst the manure in cow pastures.
pensioners (n) : followers/dependants
rubies (n) : red gemstones
favours (v) : to treat somebody better than you treat other people
freckles (n) : a small brownish spots (of the pigment melanin) on the skin
savours (v) : get enjoyment from; take pleasure in
dewdrops (n) : drops of dew

Language Devices in the Poem :
Hyperbole : Line 4 & Line 6
→ Thorough flood, thorough fire!
→ Swifter than the moon’s sphere

Personification : Line 14
And hang a pearl in every cowslip’s ear
Simile : Line 6

The writer uses connective word ‘than’ in this line. The poet is comparing ‘swifter’ to the moon’s sphere.
→ Swifter than the moon’s sphere

SCERT AP 7th Class English Textbook Answers 6th Lesson The Why – Why Girl Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Unit 6 Questions and Answers The Why – Why Girl

7th Class English Unit 6 The Why – Why Girl Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the picture and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you read in the logo?
Answer:
I read ‘Beti Bachao…. Beti Padhao’ in the logo. The given logo tells us that we should save girl child. It also stresses the importance of the girl child education.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of ‘Beti Padhao-Beti Bachao’?
Answer:
This means ‘a girl child must be saved and she should study’.

Question 3.
Name some famous women personalities.
Answer:
P.V. Sindhu in badminton, Kalpana Chawla in aerospace, Sakunthala in Mathematics, Sunitha in playback singing and Savitri in film acting.

Question 4.
Talk about any girl child of high achievement.
Answer:
Shamili, also known as Baby Shamili, is an Indian actress. She has worked in Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu films. She won the National Film Award for Best Child Art-ist for her character in the movie ‘Anjali’.

Question 5.
What are your future expectations as a girl child?
Answer:
As a girl child, 1 have the following future expectations.

1. I would like to get equal opportunities with my brdther.
2. I would like to have higher education.
3. I would like to take part in awareness programmes regarding women empowerment.
4. I would like to look after my parents with love and affection.
5. I would like to become a doctor.
6. I would like to serve the poor and the needy.

Questions Given In The Lesson

Possible answers to the questions given in the middle of the lesson :

Question 1.
Do you have any pet name?
Answer:
Yes, I have. My pet name is ‘Bablu’.

Question 2.
Mention at least five pet names that are popular in your area.
Answer:
1) Pandu, 2) Nani, 3) Janu, 4) Bujji, 5) Sweety, 6) Deepu, 7) Appu, 8) Lucky, 9) Venky, 10) Lalli, etc.

Question 3.
Are there any children in your surroundings who work for others?
Answer:
Yes, there are some children in our surroundings who work for others. Some work. Some children feed the cattle of others. Some children do the household work.

Question 4.
Mention some fields where we see children working?
Answer:
Children work in fields, in factories, down mines, as servants or maids, or selling goods in the street or at markets. Girls are more likely than boys to do domestic work, such as cleaning, making food and serving.

Question 5.
Is it right Moyna expecting thanks from the landlord?
Answer:
Yes, it is right Moyna expecting thanks from the landlord for her services because any service deserves thanks.

Question 6.
Are you curious like Moyna? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I am curious like Moyna because asking questions with why makes us know the reasons for many things. This gives us knowledge.

Reaping Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why was Moyna called ‘The Why-Why Girl’?
Answer:
Moyna was called The Why-Why Girl’ because she frequently asks ‘why?’.

Question 2.
What did the people do at the Samiti office?
Answer:
The Samiti was a place where people could come to learn to read and write, or simply sing and dance together.

Question 3.
What work did Moyna do for her family?
Answer:
Moyna has to tend the goats, collect the firewood, fetch the water and do other works for her family.

Question 4.
What kind of a girl was Moyna?
Answer:
Moyna was a strong, hard-working, fearless yoiing girl, a role model for all of us. She had the curiosity to learn and spread knowledge to others.

Question 5.
Name someone like Moyna in your surroundings.
Answer:
Mokshikta is a girl who always questions everybody and learns everything easily. She has no fear.

Question 6.
Do you like Moyna? Why?
Answer:
Yes. I like Moyna because she was a strong, hard-working, fearless young girl, a role model for all of us. She had the curiosity to learn and spread knowledge to others.

B. State whether the given statements are true or false. Write T’ for True and T’ for False.
1) The people in Moyna’s tribe eat snakes.
2) The author did not like Moyna.
3) It is very easy to persuade Moyna.
4) Moyna knew that the author was writing her story.
5) Moyna had to fetch water from the far off river.
Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True

C. Read the following sentences from the story. Arrange them in order of their happening. One is done for you.

Statement	No.
One morning, Moyna moved into the narrator’s hut.
Moyna chased a cobra one day.	1
Moyna demanded the teacher to change the school timings.
Moyna got admitted in school.
The narrator told Moyna that she can find answers to all her whys from the books.
Moyna became a teacher at the Samiti.

Answer:

Statement	No.
One morning, Moyna moved into the narrator’s hut.	2
Moyna chased a cobra one day.	1
Moyna demanded the teacher to change the school timings.	5
Moyna got admitted in school.	4
The narrator told Moyna that she can find answers to all her whys from the books.	3
Moyna became a teacher at the Samiti.	6

Vocabulary

A. You have come across the words plait, meat, write, etc in the text. Read the pairs of words given below.
plait – plate
meat – meet
write – right

These words have the same sound but have different meanings and may have different spelling too. Such words are called ‘Homophones’.

Read the paragraph and edit the underlined words using the correct words.

One knight, (a) I saw two men buy (b) the sea. There (c) feet were stuck in the sand. They saw the tied (d) coming up. The man with the red hare (e) caught hold of the other. Sum (f) boys who were nearby helped them come out of the danger.
Answer:
One night, (a) I saw two men by (b) the sea. Their (c) feet were stuck in the sand. They saw the tide (d) coming up. The man with the red hair (e) caught hold of the other. Some (f) boys who were nearby helped them come out of the danger.

B. Pairs of homophones are given in the brackets. Refer to the dictionary and fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

1) The horseman _______ the horse along the _______ . (road, rode)
2) Apply the _______ or you will _______ the fence. (break, brake)
3) Some tribes _______ before they hunt their _______. (prey, pray)
4) I _______ the bleating of a _______ of sheep passing by the school. (heard, herd)
5) The sweets were ________ by the _________.
Answer:
1) The horseman rode the horse along the road.
2) Apply the brake or you will break the fence.
3) Some tribes pray before they hunt their prey.
4) I heard the bleating of a herd of sheep passing by the school.
5) The sweets were made by the maid.

C. Phrasal verbs

You have come across the following phrases from the lesson.

1. I ran after her, grabbed her plait and held her back.
2. She just won’t give in.
3. Her father had gone off to far away Jamshedpur in search of work.
4. Moyna declared that she would move in with me.
5. If you pass by, you are sure to hear her impatient demanding voice.

In sentence 1, the phrase ran after is a combination of the verb ‘ran’ and the adverb ‘after’. Here run after means to dease or pursue.
Ex: I ran after the bus, but it did not stop for me.

In sentence 2, give in is a combination of the verb ‘give’ and the preposition ‘in’. Give in means stop competing or arguing and accept defeat.

The other phrasal verbs from the text are ……
chop off run off

Fill in the blacks with the suitable phrasal verbs given.

1. Latha’s father refused to send her to the picnic but when she requested for many times he ______ and sent her.
2. Why do dogs ______ cats?
3. You will smell the fragrance of the night queen when you ______ our garden.
4. Our family ______ to the new house once it was white washed.
5. Electricity has ______ in my area.
Answer:
1. Latha’s father refused to send her to the picnic but when she requested for many times he gave in and sent her.
2. Why do dogs run after cats?
3. You will smell the fragrance of the night queen when you pass by our garden.
4. Our family moves in / will move in to the new house once it was white washed.
5. Electricity has gone off in my area.

Grammar

A. i) ‘Wh’ Questions

Look at the following sentences from the text.
a) Why do we live in a leaf hut?
b) How much space does one old woman need?

The underlined words are used to ask questions.

Now read the story once again and list out questions from the story.
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
5. ___________________________
Answer:

1. Why shouldn’t I?
2. Why shouldn’t I catch a cobra?
3. Aren’t you tired?
4. Who will bring the Babu’s goats home?
5. Why should I thank him?
6. Why do I have to walk miles to the river for water?
7. Why do we live in a leaf hut?
8. Why can’t we eat rice twice a day?
9. Why should I eat their leftovers?
10. Why do I have to graze the Babus’ goats?
11. Why can’t the fish speak?
12. Why do stars look so small if many of them are bigger than the Sun?
13. Why do you read books before you go to sleep?
14. Why is the school closed?
15. Why shouldn’t I study too?
16. Who’s stopping you?
17. Why can’t you change the hours?
18. If you don’t teach, how will 1 learn?
19. Who do you think was the first girl to be admitted to the village primary school?

ii) Rearrange the words to make meaningful ‘Wh’ questions. Remember to use a capital letter to start a question and end with a question mark (?).
Ex. did / eat / what / you / yesterday?
A. What did you eat yesterday?
1. is / the Father / who / of / our Nation?
______________________
2. subject / which / your / is / favourite?
______________________
3. is / where / working / Sultan?
______________________
4. do / you / when / wake up?
______________________
5. project / will / whose / get / the / prize?
______________________
Answer:

1. Who is the Father of our Nation?
2. Which is your favourite subject?
3. Where is Sultan working?
4. When do you wake up?
5. Whose project will get the prize?

iii) Read the sentence given below. Frame wh – questions to get the underlined word as your answer.
Sangeetha planted a mango sapling in her backyard on her birthday because she loved mangoes.
Ex. Who planted a mango sapling?
A. Sangeetha

1. What did Sangeetha do?
Answer:
She planted a mango sapling

2. What did Sangeetha plant?
Answer:
A mango sapling

3. Where did she plant the mango sapling?
Answer:
In her backyard

4. When did Sangeetha plant the mango sapling?
Answer:
On her birthday

5. What did she love?
Answer:
Mangoes

B. Using ‘If Clause’:

Read the sentence from the text.
1. If you attend classes at Samiti, you will get to know all these things.
In the given sentence, the clause ‘If you attend the Samiti’ expresses the condition. The main clause ‘you will know all these’ tells about the effect or result of the condition.

Read the following sentences also.
2. If you are hungry, I will get you something to eat.
3. I will attend the party if she invites me.

Points to remember

i) The condition introduced by ‘if expresses a real possibility in future.
ii) If the verb in the ‘if clause’ is in the present tense, the main clause takes will+ verb.
iii) ‘If clause’ can be placed either before or after the main clause.
iv) When the ‘if clause’ comes before the main clause, a comma is used after the ‘if clause. When the ‘if clause comes after the main clause, a comma should not be used.

Complete the following sentences using appropriate clause.

1. If you are good at English, ______ (get better job)
2. If you ask the teacher, ______(clarify your doubts)
3. ______, you will get pink colour, (mix red and white)
4. If you dial 1098, the child helpline ______ (help you)
5. ______, it will bite you. (pull the dog’s tail)
Answer:
1. If you are good at English, you will get a better job.
2. If you ask the teacher, she will clarify vour doubts.
3. If you mix red and white, you will get pink colour.
4. If you dial 1098, the child helpline will help you.
5. If you pull the dog’s tail, it will bite you.

In the above sentences we find ‘if clause’ before the ‘main clause’. We can Write the sentences by interchanging their positions also. One is done for you.

1. You will get a better job if you are good at English.
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
4. ______________________
5. ______________________
Answer:

1. You will get a better job if you are good at English.
2. The teacher will clarify your doubts if you ask her.
3. You will get pink colour if you mix red and white.
4. The child helpline will help you if you dial 1098.
5. The dog will bite you if you pull its tail.

A. Work in groups. Develop a script for the story ‘The Why -Why Girl’ to present in the form of a drama.
Answer:
Script for Drama:

The Why-Why Girl

Characters : Moyna, Devi, Khiri, Malati

Devi : No, Moyna, don’t do that!
Moyna : But why? Why shouldn’t I?
Devi : It’s not a grass snake or a rat snake, it’s a cobra.
Moyna : Why shouldn’t I catch a cobra?
Devi : Why should you?
Moyna : We eat snakes, you know. The head you chop off, the skin you sell, the meat you cook.
Devi : Yes, but don’t do it this time.
Moyna : I will, I will.
Devi : No, child!
Moyna : But why ?
Devi : Come, come and rest for a little while.
Moyna : Why?
Devi : Aren’t you tired?
Moyna : Who will bring the goats home? And collect firewood and fetch water and lay traps for the birds?
Khiri : Moyna, don’t forget to thank the Babu for the rice he sent us.
Moyna : Why should I, mom ? Don’t 1 sweep the cowshed and do a thousand jobs for him? Does he ever thank me? Why should I?
Khiri : Never seen a child like this. All she keeps saying is‘Why’. No wonder the postman calls her Why-Why Girl!
Devi : I like her.
Khiri : But she’s very obstinate. Just won’t give in.
Moyna : Why do 1 have to walk so far to the river to fetch water? Why do we live in a leaf hut? Why can’t we eat rice twice a day? Why should 1 eat the leftovers? I will cook a delicious meal with green leaves and rice and crabs and chilli powder and eat with my family.
(That October, the narrator (Devi) stayed in the village for a month. One morning, Moyna declared that she would move in with the narrator.)
Khiri : No.
Moyna : (referring to the narrator) Why not? It’s a big hut. How much space does she need?
Khiri : What about going to work?
Moyna : I’ll go, but I’ll come here after work, (to the narrator) It (The mongoose) eats very little and chases away the bad snakes. The good snakes 1 catch and give to mother. She makes lovely snake curry. Pll bring some for you.
Malati : (to the narrator) She’ll exhaust you with her whys!
Moyna : Why do I have -to graze the Babus’ goats? Their boys can do it.
Moyna : Why can’t fish speak? Why do stars looks so small if many of them are bigger than the sun?
Moyna : Why do you read books before you go to sleep?
Devi : Because books have the answers to your why!
Moyna : I will learn to read and find the answers to my questions.
(When the narrator returned to the village a year later, the first thing she heard was Moyna’s voice.)
Moyna : Why is the school closed?
Malati : What do you mean, why?
Moyna : Why shouldn’t I study too?
Malati : Who’s stopping you?
Moyna : But there’s no class!
Malati : School is over for the day.
Moyna : Why?
Malati : Because, Moyna, I take classes from 9 to 11 in the morning,

Moyna : Why can’t you change the hours? I have to graze in the morning. I can come only after 11. If you don’t teach me, how will I learn? I will tell the old lady that none of us, goatherds and cowherds, can come if the hours are not changed.
At Moyna’s house …………

Moyna : (to her little sister and elder brother) You cut one tree and plant another two. You wash your hands before you eat, do you know why? You’ll get stomach pain if you don’t. You know nothing – do you know why? Because you don’t attend classes at the Samiti.
In the class …………

Moyna : (Moyna is 18 now. She teaches at the Samiti.) Don’t be lazy. Ask me questions. Ask me why mosquitoes should be destroyed, why the pole star is always in the north sky.
(Now the other children too are learning to ask ‘why’.)

B. Conventions of Writing.

Rewrite the following using appropriate punctuation marks.

aren’t you tired i asked moyna shook her head vigorously, who will bring the babu’s goats home and collect firewood and fetch water and lay the trap for the birds came moyna’s questions one after another.

“Aren’t you tired?” I asked. Moyna shook her head vigorously. “Who will bring the Babu’s goats home and collect firewood and fetch water, and lay the trap for the birds?” came Moyna’s questions, one after another.

Talking Time

Language Function: Giving Directions : Role-play the following conversation.
Sowrnya : Excuse me! Can you tell me the way to museum?
Ramya : Go straight. At the traffic lights, turn right. Go along the street. Walk past the park.
Sowmya : Shall I reach the museum?
Ramya : Certainly. If you go fifty meters ahead of the park, you will be there.
Sowmya : Great! Thanks for your help.
Ramya : You are welcome.

Language Functions to give Directions

• Go straight…
• Turn left / right at the junction / traffic lights
• Go past…
• Go over the junction…
• Go along the road until…
• The… is on your left/right.
• It’s opposite…
• It’s next to…
• It’s in between… and…

Project

Collect information about any successful woman in your district and write paragraph about her. Cover the following points.
Name
Place
Field in which she is famous
Interesting facts about her
Collect photos & Newspaper clippings
Answer:
Rithvika from Anantapur District :
|Nine-year-old Kadapala Rithvika Sri from Anantapur has conquered Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, which is African continent’s highest peak, along with her father and guide. She climbed to Gilman’s Point at 5,681 metres above mean sea level on 25 February, 2021.

Hailing from M Agraharam village in Tadimarri mandal, Rithvika Sri is a class 2 student of St Vincent De Paul English Medium School of Anantapur. Her father Shankar is a cricket coach and sports coordinator in the Special Olympics Bharat wing of RDT, Anantapur.

She took Level 1 training in mountaineering at Rock Climbing School at Bhongir in Telangana and Level 2 training at Ladakh. “Rithvika Sri took part in the mountaineering expedition with enthusiasm and she could make it in her first attempt,” Shankar said.

The District Collector Gandham Chandrudu gave financial assistance for her moun-taineering expedition. The Collector released 2.98 lakh from the SC Corporation funds for the expedition. Congratulating Rithvika Sri for her mountaineering feat, Chandrudu said he encouraged the girl as she has talent and commitment.

Yamini Krishnamurthy – Chittoor District :
Yamini Krishnamurthy was born in Madanapalli, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. She was born on a full moon night, and her grandfather named her Yamini Poornatilaka, which means “a full mark on the brow of night.” She was brought up in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. Her mother tongue is Telugu.

Yamini Krishnamurthy debuted in 1957 in Madras. She has the honour of being Asthana Nartaki (resident dancer) of the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam. Some critics have observed that Yamini’s dancing reflects rhythm personified. She was also known as “torch bearer” of Kuchipudi form of dance.

She has a leading place as an exponent of Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi. She imparts dance lessons to younger dancers at her institute, Yamini School of Dance, Hauz Khas, New Delhi.

She released her autobiography, “A Passion for Dance”, a book well received by the readers. Yamini Krishnamurthy has never been married.

Her dancing career brought her many awards, including the Padma Shree (1968) Padma Bhushan (2001), and Padma Vibhushan (2016), which are among the highest civilian awards of the Republic of India. She was honoured with “Natya Shastr&” award by Shambhavi School of Dance at “Nayika-Excellence Personified” on the occasion of Women’s Day on 8 March 2014. She gave a lecture demonstration on “Contribution of Woman to Kuchipudi”. She also released a Kuchipudi Dance DVD featuring Prateeksha Kashi who is the daughter of Kuchipudi Danseuse Smt.Vyjayanthi Kashi, artistic director of Shambhavi.

P. Santha Ktunari – Kadapa District :
Santha’Kumari was an Indian musical artist and film actress. Her original name was Vellaala Subbamma. She was born on 17 May 1920. She was married to the Telugu film . director and producer P. Pullaiah.

Vellaala Subbamrha was born in Proddatur town, (Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh) to Sreenivasa Rao and Pedda Narasamma. Her father was an actor and her mother was a classical music singer. Santhakumari learned classical music and violin under the guidance of Professor P. Sambamurthy and was a classmate of D. K. Pattammal. She joined a drama troupe and was an AIR artiste by the age of sixteen. She came to Madras (now Chennai) to pursue a career in music. She found employment in Vidyodaya School for a remuneration of Rs 2 per month. She sang along with music director S. Rajeswara Rao for AIR.

Santhakumari debuted in Telugu Cinema with Mayabazar (also known as Sasirekhaa Parinayam) in 1936. In. the following year she was a member of the Cast of Sarangadhara, film that was directed by P. Pullaiah, whom she met and married in the same year.

The couple used the name of PadmaSree Pictures, named after their daughter Padma, for some of their movies and had success with films such as Jayabheri (1959), Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam (1960), and Preminchi Choodu (1965). Santhakumari acted in most of the movies that were made by her husband, including Shavukaru (1950), Ardhangi (1955), Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam (1960), Shanti Nivasam (1960), and Ramudu Bheemudu (1964).

In 1947, the couple started the Ragini Pictures banner with Bheemavarapu Narasimha Rao and Bhakta Jana. They made 22 films on both PadmaSree and Ragini banners put together. She played many lead and supporting roles, with around 250 appearances in total.

Shobha Nagireddy – Kurnool District :
Shobha Nagi Reddy was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh, India. She represented the Allagadda constituency of Kurnool District in the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh for four terms until 2012. She served as the chairperson of Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) having previously been General Secretary and also a state committee member in Telugu Desam Party. In 2012, she joined the newly formed YSR Congress. Her husband Bhuma Nagi Reddy is also a politician who served twice as a Member of Legislative Assembly and thrice as a Member of Parliament.

Shobha Nagireddy was the younger daughter of S. V. Subba Reddy, and sister of Nagarathamma.a politician and former minister from Andhra Pradesh. She was born and brought up in Allagadda, Kurnool,’Andhra Pradesh where she studied up to Intermediate. Her elder brother* S.V. Mohan Reddy, is also a politician and has brother- in-law Ramachandra Reddy.

Shoba Nagireddy first became actively engaged in politics in 1996, prior to which she was a housewife. Her husband, Bhuma Nagireddy, was elected as a Member of Parliament and so had to resign from his post as a Member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Allagadda constituency. Fighting as a candidate of Telugu Desam Party, she was elected to the vacant Assembly seat. She was elected four times consecutively to the state Assembly. She is the only woman in AP to have been legislator, along with her father, for two consecutive terms.

Shobha Nagireddy won Allagadda state assembly constituency posthumously which she has contested as YSR Congress candidate in the 2014 state election conduction May 7 of that year just days after her sudden death, by-election date announced soon. AUagadda Assembly constituency could be Seema Andhra first election mandate post bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Sh- it her life in an accident in the late hours of 23 April 2014.

Vanisri – Nellore District :
Vanisri was born as Ratna Kumari in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India in 1948. Her early life was marred with tragic losses: three members of her family, including her father, died of tuberculosis in a span of one month.

When she was 12 years old, she participated in a dance function at her school. In the audience was a Kannada film director, who thought she resembled actress Savithri Ganesh, then the top female star in South India. He offered Ratna the lead role in his Kannada film, and she took it despite her mother’s initial objections. The film became a hit, and she was offered more Kannada and Tamil films.

As her visibility grew, Telugu film offers came. She became the topmost heroine in the 1970’s with more hits like “Dasara Bolludu,” and “Prem Nagar.” Around this time, the South Indian film industry was gradually converting from black-and-white to color films, and Vanisri took full advantage of her appearance in color films. She wore bright costumes and applied heavy pancake makeup to cover up her dark complexion. She applied variety of lipsticks and bhindis. She experimented with different hairstyles, and her striking appearance soon caught on and she became the trendy, glamorous star.

However, her greatest asset was her highly photogenic face, and she was friendly with all her cameramen who made sure she looked her very best onscreen. But, she never sacrificed the substance of her roles for her decorative appearance. She played dramatic roles and title roles, including double roles in “Vani Rani,” “Ganga Manga,” Iddaru ammayulu” and Secretary. She won acting awards for her superlative performances in “Krishnaveni” and “Jeevana Jyothi”. Her fame had reached its peak in 1976, when Filmfare magazine decided to do a special feature on the Telugu film industry anct put Vanisri on the cover.

She married her family doctor in 1979 and left films. Even then, she bent society’s norms. She was 30, at a time when the average marrying age for a girl was in her early 20’s.

In 1989, Vanisri returned to films with “Athaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogodu,” where she had a supporting role as an arrogant mother-in-law. She used her name and money for humanitarian causes.

Purandareswari – Prakasam District :
Daggubati Purandareswari (born 22 April 1959) is an Indian politician from the state of Andhra Pradesh. She represented the Visakhapatnam constituency of Andhra Pradesh as a Member of Parliament in the 15th Lok Sabha of India.She had previously represented the Bapatla constituency in the 14th Lok Sabha, during which period she served as the Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development. She joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on 7 March 2014. In 2014, she fought the Lok Sabha election on a BJP ticket from Rajampet and lost. Purandareswari was appointed BJP Mahila Morcha Prabhari.

Born to Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao and Basavatarakam, she did her schooling from Sacred Heart Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Church Park, Chennai. She has a Bachelor of Arts from the South Indian Educational Trust and Women College (Chennai) (renamed as the Bashir Ahmed Sayeed College for Women), followed by a short course in gemology at the Gemological Institute of India. Later she established Hyderabad Institute of Gem and Jewellery. She can read, write and speak five languages, English, Telugu, Tamil, Hindi and French. She is versatile in the Indian dance form Kuchipudi.

She participated in debate on various bills such as ‘Domestic Violence Bill, Hindu Succession Amendment Bill, and the bill on the establishment of special courts exclusively for trying cases of women to name a few’ and made meaningful contribu-tions. In appreciation of her performance in Parliament, the Asian Age adjudged her as the best Parliamentarian for 2004-05.

Sunitha – Guntur District :
Sunitha Upadrasta is an Indian playback singer and voice actor who primarily works in Telugu films. She is a recipient of nine Nandi Awards and two Filmfare
Awards South in various categories.

Sunitha was born on 10 May 1978. Her parents Upadrasta Narasimha Rao and Sumathi (Maiden Name Malladi) are well known to music lovers at Vijayawada and Guntur.

Sunitha at the age of 6, got training in music from Pemmaraju Surya Rao in Carnatic Vocal and Light music from Kalaga Krishna Mohan. At a very early age, she got many opportunities to participate and perform in several concerts, including well known programs featured by All India Radio. At the age.of 13, she also participated in Tyagaraja Aradhana utsavalu along with her guru Pemmaraju Surya Rao. She received numerous awards and appreciations in various competitions for her performances as a child prodigy, one of the special mentions is her scholarship from Central Government to pursue her musical trainings.

She has begun her singing career as a playback singer in films at an age of 17. Sasi Preetham, a music director first gave her a chance to sing in her debut film Gulabi and her debut song is “Ee Vela Lo Neevu” written by Sirivennela Sitaramasastri. She sang single card for the National Film Award movie in Kannada Bhoomi Geetha in 1997, music composed by Ilaiyaraaja. Apart from that she also sang Telugu TV serial title songs such as Ruturagalu & Antarangalu. She received her first Nandi Award from the state of Andhra Pradesh for singing title song of Antarangalu in 1999.

She has worked under the supervision of music directors like Ilaiyaraja, Vidya Sagar, M.M. Keeravani, A.R Rahman, S.V. Krishna Reddy, Koti, Raj, Vandematharam Srinivas, Mani Sharma, Ramana Gogula, S.A. Raj Kumar, Sandeep Choutha, Micky-J-Mayer, Devisri Prasad, R.P. Patnaik, Chakri, Nihal, Kalyani Malik, Anup, Sunil Kashyap, Saluri Vasu Rao, Madhavapeddi Suresh, Saketha Sairam, Bunty, V. Harikrishna, Jassie Gift. S. Thaman, etc. She rendered nearly 3000 songs in many south Indian films. She has sung in Telugu, Tamil and Kannada.

Koneru Humpy – Krishna District :
Koneru Humpy is a Female Indian Chess Player, and arguably the best woman at the Chess Board that the nation has ever produced. Considered to be at par with Vishwanathan Anand among the Female Chess Players of India, she holds a World No. 2 ranking among the Female Chess Players, lagged behind only by Judit Polgar, the World No. 1 Female Chess Player.

She was born on the 31st of March 1987 at Gudivada, a place in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Her father, Ashok Koneru worked as a lecturer in Chemistry and was himself a wonderful Chess Player, having won the South India Open Championship in 1985. Young Humpy got attracted towards the game at a very young age of just 5 years. She caught everybody’s attention for the first time when she won the Under 8 National Chess Championship in the year 1995.

Humpy got an International Master title in the year 1999 at the age of 12 years. Further, she achieved her 3rd Grand Master norm in the Elekes Memorial Grand Master Tournament held at Budapest, Hungary. Koneru created a world record by earning the International Grand Master title at the age of 15 years 1 mopth and 29 days.

At Doha Asian Games 2006, Koneru Humpy made the nation proud by bagging two Gold Medals in the Individual as well as Team event of Chess. She also won the International Open Chess Tournament 2007 held at Kaupthing, Luxembourg. In October 2007, Humpy scored a FIDE Elo rating of 2606 points, which lagged her behind only the World No. 1 Female Chess Player, Judit Polgar. Humpy has broken the world record set by Susan Polgar who had a rating of 2577 points while she was at the World No. 2 spot. Humpy has also been the second woman ever in the history of Chess who has crossed the 2600 points mark, Judit being the first one to do so.

To commemorate her exceptional skills and achievements, the Government of India bestowed upon her the coveted Arjuna Award in the year 2003. Further, in the year 2007 she was awarded with the prestigious Padma Shri award. Humpy was also conferred upon the Raja Lakshmi Award in the year 2008 by Raja Lakshmi Foundation of Chennai.

Gidla Sujatha – East Godavari District :
Sujatha Gidla is an Indian-American author. Gidla is known for her book Ants Among Elephants: An Untouchable Family and the Making of Modern India. She was born in Andhra Pradesh and moved to the United States in 1990, when she was 26 years old. She now lives in New York and works as a conductor on the New York City Subway.

Sujatha Gidla was raised in the Dalit community of Kakinada, a small town in present- day Andhra Pradesh. Gidla’s parents were college lecturers. After getting her bachelor’s degree from State-run Pithapuram Rajah Government College in Kakinada, Gidla enrolled in a Masters’ program in Physics in Regional Engineering College, Warangal.

Gidla then worked as a researcher associate in the Department of Applied Physics in Indian Institute of Technology Madras, where she worked on a project funded by Indian Space Research Organisation. She moved to the United States when she was 26.

Gidla is known for her book Ants Among Elephants: An Ufitouchable Family and the Making of Modern India.

Geetha Madhuri – West Godavari District :
Geetha Madhuri is a well known South Indian Playback singer. She received Filmfare and Nandi awards for the song Ninne Ninne from Nachavule. She is basically from Palakollu, West Godavari. She was born to Prabhakar Sastry Sonti and Lakshmi. She completed her schooling from Loyola, Vanasthalipuram. Her parents moved to Hyderabad for her career at a very young age.

Geetha Madhuri is a successful singer and dubbing artist, mainly connected with the Tollywood, Kollywood and Mollywood South Indian Cinema Industries. Originally, she was trained in the little musicians Academy under Ramachari Garu and Kocharlakota Padmavati Garu.

The Telugu film Premalekha Rasa director Kulasekhar offered her debut as a playback singer. She has been never looking back in her profession since then. In countries including Singapore, London, USA and Dubai she has attended music programmes.

She has performed along with popular Indian singers including Mano, Chitra, S.P Balasubrahmanyam, MM Keervani and others. Geetha Madhuri is renowned for her strong partnerships with prominent music directors, such as MM. Keervani, Ilayaraja, Koti, RP. Patnaik, Vandematarafn Srinivas, Kalyani Malik, Anup Rubens, Ramana Gogula, and Devi Sri Prasad.

She has appeared in famous Telugu TV shows such as Swarabhishekam, MAA TV Super Singer 7, Super Masti, etc. She has released over 550 movie and album songs in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam.

She became the best female playback singer in Telugu with the largest number of Filmfare Awards. She has won the Swara Saraswathi Award, Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer, Maa Award Female Playback Singer, and several others.

P. Suseela – Vizianagaram District :
Pulapaka Susheela (born 13 November 1935), popularly known as P. Susheela, is an Indian playback singefr associated with the South Indian cinema primarily from Andhra Pradesh for over six decades. She is one of the greatest and best-known playback singers in India.

Susheela was born in Andhra Pradesh, India, as the daughter of Pulapaka Mukunda Rao, a leading advocate in Vizianagaram, Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh State. She is married to Dr. Mohan Rao; they have a son named Jayakrishna. Her niece, Sandhya Jayakrishna, is a singer who debuted with A. R. Rahman in Iruvar and she has two granddaughters.

She has been recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as well as by the Asia Book of Records for performing a record number of songs in different Indian languages. She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards. Susheela is widely acclaimed as a singer who defined feminism in South Indian cinema and is well known for her mellifluous vocal performances for over 50,000 film songs across South Indian languages.

Karanam Malleswari – Srikakulam District :
Karanam Malleswari was born in Voosavanipeta, a small village in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh and groomed up with four siblings. She started her training under the guidance of Neelamshetty Appanna at the age of twelve. When other girls were learning to tie up their plaits properly, Karanam was trying to lift heavy barbells, streng¬thening her biceps. Karanam along with her sister Krishna Kumari switched to Delhi . for better opportunities for her passion Where her grit was spotted by the Sports Authority of India that paved her way to join the national camp in 1990. After three years, Karanam won a bronze medal at the World Championship and post a year in 1994, became the World Champion, the feat she replicated the next year. Besides this, Karanam also bagged medals at various international stages with her power-pack performance including the World Championships, Asian Games and other national and state championships. In 2000, Karanam qualified for the biggest stage of sports- Olympics and she eventually scripted her name in the history by crediting the nation its first and only Olympic medal (bronze) in weight lifting.

In 1997, Karanam married to her fellow weightlifter Rajesh Tyagi. The Government . of India honoured her with Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award and Padma Shri in 1999. She became the mother of a son in 2001 after which she was supposed to quit sports, but Karanam denied it all and prepared hard for the 2002 Commonwealth Games. But this time, destiny was not in her favour, and she had to withdraw her name because of her father’s demise. Karanam didn’t lose her will to perform and participated at the 2004 Olympic Games but failed to score and bid farewell to the world of sports. At present, Karanam is happily serving the Food Corporation of India as the Chief General Manager (General Administration).

Although it has been many years of retirement yet, Karaham has the same will and passion for encouraging sports in the nation and wants girls to perform beyond expectations. India is really proud to have her who never failed to uplift the stature of the country through her gifted talents in weightlifting and donned the colours of victory with all her sincere efforts.

The Delhi government, on 22nd June 202. appointed former Olympic medalist weightlifter Karanam Malleswari as the first Vice Chancellor of Delhi Sports University.

Shobha Naidu – Visakhapatnam District :
Shobha Naidu was born in 1956 in Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. She was an Indian dancer and choreographer who was known for her performance in Kuchipudi dance form.

Shobha Naidu was born in 1956 in Andhra Pradesh. She was widely known as the dancer and had a specialization in the Kuchipudi dance form. She completed her studies at Queen Mary’s College. Vempati Chinna Satyam was her master who helped her to master her skills in Kuchipudi. She started practicing dancing from a very young age. She also had formed her own dance group and used to perform in different parts of India and abroad.

As a dancer, her excellence was in Satyabhama and Padmavati. Besides performing with a group, she used to give solo performances also. Kuchipudi art academy also selected her as its principal. She used to impart training to younger students in the academy. She also taught dancing to school Students for almost 30 years. School also celebrated her achievements. Various dance dramas were also choreographed by her. Krishna Gana Sabha also honored her with the Nritya Choodamani title. In her career, she has choreographed around 80 solo dance performances and 15 Ballets.

She was such a great dancer that she was admired all over the world and not just in India. She also had the honor.to represent India at various cultural events held in Syria, Turkey, and the U.K. She in her career was honoured with the Padma Shri award in 2001.

Listening

Listen to the story and answer the questions.

THE CAMEL AND THE BABY
One day, a camel and her baby were chatting. The baby asked, “Mother, why do we have humps?’ The mother replied, “Our humps are for storing water so that we survive in the desert.”

“Oh!” said the child, “and why do we have rounded feet mother?” The mother replied,. that is “because they are meant to help us walk comfortably in the desert. These legs help us move around in the sand.”

The baby asked, “Alright. But why are our eyelashes so long?” “To protect our eyes from the desert dust and sand. They are the protective covers for the eyes,” replied the mother camel.

The baby camel thought for a while and said, “So we have humps to store water for desert journeys, rounded hooves to keep us comfortable when we walk in the desert sand, and long eyelashes to protect us from sand and dust during a desert storm. Then what are we doing in zoo???”

The mother was dumbfounded.

Questions:
1. Who are the characters in the story?
Answer:
The Camel and her Baby

2. Where do camels’usually live?
Answer:
In the deserts

3. The camels in the story are in …………
(a) a desert
(b) a zoo
(c) a village
Answer:
(b) a zoo

4. The humps of the camels help in ……………..
(a) storing food
(b) storing water
(c) walking through the desert.
Answer:
(b) storing water

5. The camel’s long eyelashes protect them from ………………
(a) dust
(b)sand
(c) dust and sand
Answer:
(c) dust and sand

Fun Time

Try the following riddles.

1. I act like a cat.
I look like a cat.
Yet I am not a cat.
What am I?
Answer:
The kitten

2. I can fly but
I have no wings
I can cry but
I have no eyes
What am I?
Answer:
Cloud

Study Skill

Read the data given in the table and answer the given questions :
Reasons for dropouts among children aged 5 -14 years ( 1997-98)

1. What is the table about?
Answer:
The table is about Reasons for dropouts among children aged 5 -14 years ( 1997-98)

2. What is the major reason for dropouts in urban areas?
Answer:
Ctiild not interested in studies

3. What is the total percentage of dropouts in urban areas due to financial constraints?
a) 15.8
b) 11.2
c)34.7
Answer:
a) 15.8

4. Which reason is the least significant for dropouts?
a) Financial constraints
b) to work for daily wages
c) other reasons
Answer:
b) to work for daily wages

5. What is the total percentage of dropouts due to other reasons in rural areas?
a) 3.2
b) 4.2
c) 7.4
Answer:
c) 7.4

The Why – Why Girl Summary

‘The Why-Why Girl’ is an inspiring story written by the Jnanapith award winning writer Mahasweta Devi.

Moyna belonged to a tribal community called Shabars. They were poor and did not own land. The Shabars did not usually send their daughters to work. But Moyna’s had to work because Moyna’s mother had a bad leg and so couldn’t walk properly. Her father had gone to Jamshedpur in search of work and her brother Gora, went to the forest every day to collect firewood. Moyna cannot go to school because she has to tend the goats, collect the firewood, fetch the water and do other works of the landlord. Moyna never thanked the landlords for giving left over rice. She is so full of questions that the postman calls her the ‘why – why girl’. Moyna was barely ten years old when the narrator found her chasing a cobra. She dragged Moyna into the Samiti office, where her mother works.

One day Moyna went to narrator’s house to live with her, with a set of clothes and her pet mongoose. She asked the narrator countless questions including why she reads book before going to sleep.-The narrator replied that reading is a way of finding answers to all her questions. At that moment Moyna decided to go to school and find answers to all her questions. At last Moyna became a teacher of primary school en¬couraging students to ask questions. Moyna is an inspiration and motivation for all of us.

The Why – Why Girl About the Author

Mahasweta Devi was an Indian writer in Bengali and an activist. She was born on 14th Jan 1926. Her notable literary works include Rudali, Aranyer and Adhikar. She raised issues of politics, gender and class. She was honoured with Sahitya Academy Award, Jnanpith Award, Padma Vibhushan, Banga Bibhushan and Ramon Magasaysay Award. She died on 28th July 2016. The Why-Why Girl is her first picture book beautifully illustrated by Kanyika Kini.

Meanings For Difficult Words

chasing (v) : pursuing or following someone or something to catch
dragged (v) : pulled along forcefully
vigorously (adj) : energetic and lively
obstinate (adj) : stubborn, refusing to change one’s opinion
unyielding (adj) : not giving way to pressure
Shabar (n) : a group of tribes in Odisha and West Bengal
tended (v) : took care of something or someone
exhaust (v) : make (someone) feel tired
retorted (v) : said something in anger or in a witty manner
bleat (n) : wavering cry made by a sheep or goat
impatient (adj) : showing a tendency to be quickly irritated

Be The Best of Whatever You Are Poem

If you can’t be a pine on the top of the hill,
Be a scrub in the valley – but be
The best little scrub’by the side of the rill;
Be a bush if you can’t be a tree.
If you can’t be a bush be a bit of the grass,
And some highway happier make;
If you can’t be a muskie then just be a bass –
But the liveliest bass in the lake!
We can’t all be captains, we’ve got to be crew,
There’s something for all of us here,
There’s big work to do, and there’s lesser to do,
And the task you must do is the near.
If you can’t be a highway then just be a trail,
If you can’t be the sun be a star;
It isn’t by size that you win or you fail
Be the best of whatever you are!

Comprehension

A. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences

1. If you can’t be a pine tree, be a …………..
a) rill
b) hill
c) scrub
Answer:
c) scrub

2. If you can’t be a tree, be a …………..
a) bush
b) branch
c) flower
Answer:
a) bush

3. If you can’t be the ………….. be the crew.
a) leader
b) officer
c) captain
Answer:
c) captain

4. What is less important?
a) no job
b) all the jobs
c) only some jobs
Answer:
a) no job

5. The poet wants us to be the …………. of whatever job/work we do
a) hard working
b) honest
c) best
Answer:
c) best

B. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What kind of a scrub one must be, if one can’t be a pinie tree?
Answer:
If one cannot become a pine tree that grows on hills and mountains with all splendor, one must be a little scrub that must be best of its kind.

Question 2.
What does the poet suggest to become if we can’t be the Sun?
Answer:
The poet suggests to become a star if we can’t be the Sun. One’s size does not decide one’s success but one’s excellence. ■

Question 3.
How does the poet want us to be in our work?
Answer:
He wants us to be the best in our work.

Question 4.
Which work/job is great according to the poet’s opinion?
Answer:
No work has less importance. All works have their own importance.

Question 5.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is to inspire and motivate us to improve ourselves on the point where we stand in society. The poem tells us to make the best use of available opportunities and resources.

C. Pick out the rhyming words from the poem and write them in space given. One is done for you.

Answer:
1. hill – rill
2. be – tree
3. grass – bass
4. make – lake
5. crew – do
6. here – near
7. trail – fail
8. star – are

Check Point

Be The Best of Whatever You Are Summary

The poem Be the Best of whatever you are is a beautiful piece of poetry by Douglas Malloch. The poet has tried to inspire and motivate us to improve ourselves on the point where we stand in society. The poem tells us to make the best use of available opportunities and resources.

Stanza 1 :
In this stanza, the poet says that if you cannot become a pine tree that grows on hills and mountains with all splendor, be a little scrub that must be best of its kind. Here the poet points to the fact that quality matters, not the quantity.

If you cannot become a pine tree on a forest hell which is tall and strong, do not stop becoming. You have other options as well. Try to be a scrub in the valley. It does not matter what you become. What matters really is that whether you are best in it or not. Here, the poet conveys the message that if you a choice is not appropriate for, do not be hopeless. You have much more than it to become.

Stanza 2 :
In this stanza, the poet says that even if you are unable to become a bush, this is not really disappointing. You can be a bit of grass instead. Although both differ in sizes and functions, they are equally important. By showing these two examples, the poet has emphasized the necessity of excelling in something small rather than playing bad in something big.

Stanza 3 :
In this stanza the poet tries to convey to us the message that diversity is beautiful. Our differences are like color. Each is beautiful in itself. Not everyone can be the captain of the ship. There are some people who are to be on the crew. Both the captain and the crew have different functions to play. In case if we cannot become a captain, we have the opportunity to become a part of the crew and offer our services.

Stanza 4 :
In these lines, the poet says that paths are needed to reach from one point to another. They all are important, for every destination has a different path. In this way, if you cannot be a stretched highway which symbolizes greatness in size, you can become a trail that also provides navigation to the travelers. Likewise, if you are unable to be the sun, be a star. Your size does not decide your success but your excellence.

Be The Best of Whatever You Are About the Author

Douglas Malloch (May 5, 1877 – July 2, 1938) was an American poet, short-story writer and Associate Editor of American Lum¬berman, a trade paper in Chicago. He was known as a “Lumberman’s poet” both locally and nationally. He is noted for writing Round River Drive and “Be the Best of Whatever You Are” in addition to many other creations. He wrote many poems like ‘A Man’, ‘Ain’t I fine today?’, etc.

Meanings For Difficult Words

scrub (n) : bush
rill (n) : streamlet
muskie (n) : a species of fish found in North America (big in size)
bass (n) : a sea or freshwater fish that is used for food (black basses, Asian basses, etc.)
crew (n) : staff

SCERT AP 7th Class English Government Textbook Answers 3rd Lesson A Journey through the Hills and Valleys Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Unit 3 Questions and Answers The Turning Point

7th Class English Unit 3 The Turning Point Textbook Questions and Answers

Loot at the picture and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Where do you like to spend your holidays?
Answer:
I like to spend my holidays at my grandparents’ village.

Question 2.
What is your favourite place?
Answer:
My favourite place is Horsley Hills.

Question 3.
Have you ever been to the place which is shown in the picture?
Answer:
No. I haven’t.
(Or)
Yes, I have, I visited Papi Kondalu, a beautiful place with lushing greenery in December last year.

Question 4.
Share your experience based on the places you have visited/liked.
Answer:
I have visited some interesting places. Visiting such places gives us new energy. Such places are beautiful and have pleasant atmosphere.

Question 5.
Mention some tourist spots in your District.
Answer:
I belong to Guntur District. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Kondaveedu, Undavalli Caves, Kotappa Konda, Mangalagiri, Amaravathi, Krishna Barrage are some of the tourist spots in our district.

Reaping Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why was the journey to the tribal area a memorable one to the author?
Answer:
The author has never experienced the most exciting moments of the train journey to Araku till then. For the first time in his life, the author saw the astounding tunnels, wonderful waterfalls, valleys, caves, and other natural beauties during the train journey. Pleasant and serene atmosphere, full of greenery, and the images of all the other scenic beauties gave him unforgettable and amazing experience. Hence, the author felt that his journey to the tribal area was a memorable one.

Question 2.
Which places did the author visit on his journey?
Answer:
The author visited the Borra Caves, Tyda Nature Camp, Araku Valley, Padmapuram Gardens, and Lambasingi during his journey.

Question 3.
How did the travellers enjoy the train journey?
Answer:
The train journey was by Vista dome coach which enables the passengers watch the scenery on both the sides of the train crossing many tunnes. It was a thrilling experience to the travellers.

Question 4.
What are the beautiful scenic places that the tourists visited in Lambasingi?
Answer:
Fenced towering hills, tall green trees and the Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary are the places visited by the tourists in Lambasingi.

Question 5.
How does the author describe the Ananthagiri hills?
Answer:
The Ananthagiri hills are full of coffee plantations and waterfalls,

Question 6.
How do the tribal people earn their living?
Answer:
The tribal people earn their living by selling the handicrafts, spices and products of their farming.

B. Choose the right option and write it in brackets.

1. The most favourable tinle to visit Araku is ….
a) from November to January
b) from June to August
c) from August to October
d) from October to December
Answer:
a) from November to January

2. Araku and Lambasingi are in the ……
a) Western Ghats
b) North Eastern Ghats
c) Eastern Ghats
d) East West Ghats
Answer:
c) Eastern Ghats

3. The dance performed by the tribes in Araku Is called ……
a) Savara
b) Dhimsa
c) Kuchipudi
d) Folk
Answer:
b) Dhimsa

4. Borra Caves are made of ……….
a) Karstic limestone
b) Chalk limestone
c) Tufa limestone
d) Coquina limestone
Answer:
a) Karstic limestone

5. Ananthagiri hills are popular for …….
a) waterfalls
b) flowers
c) coffee plantations
d) both ‘a’ and ‘c’
Answer:
d) both ‘a’ and ‘c’

C. Put the following sentences in the order of events.

1) We visited Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary
2) We enjoyed Dhimsa dance performed by women.
3) The tribal people were selling their handicrafts on the either side of the road.
4) We set off from Visakhapatnam to Borra.
5) The train passed above the Borra Caves.
Answer:
4) We set off from Visakhapatnam to Borra.
5) The train passed above the Borra caves.
3) The tribal people were selling their handicrafts on the either side of the road.
2) We enjoyed Dhimsa dance performed by women.
1) We visited Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary.

Vocabulary

A. Prepare a word map related to ‘forest products’.

Answer:

B. Look at the following words :
1. attraction
2. unknowing

1. The word ‘attraction’ consists of two parts, (root + suffix)
The root word is ‘attract’, suffix is ‘ion’.

2. The word ‘unknowing’ consists of two parts (prefix + root)
The prefix is ‘un’, root word is ‘knowing’.

Note : Suffixes come after the root word, Prefixes come before the root word.

Now complete the following table with appropriate prefixes/suffixes to the root words to make new words.
The first one is done for you.

Answer:

Prefix	Root	New Word
1) dis-	locate	dislocate
2) in-	experience	inexperience
3) im-	perfect	imperfect
4) dis-	like	dislike
5) un-	natural	unnatural

 

Root	Suffix	New Word
1) beauty	-ful	beautiful
2) permit	-ion	permission
3) continue	-ous	continuous
4) enjoy	-ment	enjoyment
5) green	-ery	greenery

Grammar

A. Locate the following sentences in the text.
1. It is a bird-lovers’ heaven and one of the best places to visit in Lambasingi.
2. It is the most beautiful and important hill station in Andhra Pradesh.

Here we can observe the word ‘best’ in the 1st sentence and ‘most’ in the 2nd sentence are superlative adjectives. Both the adjectives take definite article ‘the’ before them.

a) Now, find some more superlative adjectives from the text and write them in the place provided.
Eg. the longest
1. _________
2. _________
3. _________
4. _________
5. _________
Answer:
1. the largest
2. the best
3. the most exciting

Note : There are only three superlative adjectives in this lesson.

In previous classes, you might have learnt about adjectives that are expressed in three degrees, i.e. Positive, Comparative and Superlative.

B. Read the following statements. Label them with ‘P’ for Positive, ‘C’ for Comparative and ‘S’ for Superlative degree.

1. Borra Caves are the longest caves in Eastern Ghats.
2. The Krishna is longer than the Penna.
3. There are many big buildings in our town.
4. Iron is heavier than Silver.
5. Araku Valley is one of the most beautiful places.
6. The Pacific is the deepest ocean in the world.
7. The horse does not run’so fast as the cheetah.
8. Australia is not so big as India.
9. There are many strong players in our team.
10. India is one of the largest countries in the world.
Answer:
1. Borra Caves are the longest caves in Eastern Ghats. (S)
2. The Krishna is longer than the Penna. (C)
3. There are many big buildings in our town. (P)
4. Iron is heavier than Silver. (C)
5. Araku Valley is one of the most beautiful places. (S)
6. The Pacific is the deepest ocean in the world. (S)
7. The horse does not run so fast as the cheetah. (P)
8. Australia is not so big as India. (P)
9. There are many strong players in our team. (P)
10. India is one of the largest countries in the world (S)

C. Prepositions

Fill the blanks with the relevant words choosing from the box.

The train also passed _________ the Borra Caves. We got down _________ Borra Caves quarter to 10 am. The train journey _________ Visakhapatnam Borra Caves _________ made us speechless and gave an unforgettable experience.
Answer:
The train also passed above the Borra Caves. We got down at Borra Caves by quarter to 10 am. The train journey from Visakhapatnam to. Borra Caves made us speechless and gave an unforgettable experience.

The words which you have filled in the blanks are prepositions.

Prepositions are words that give the position of the nouns or the relationship between two nouns, two pronouns or a noun and a pronoun.

→ Prepositions of Place :
There are four Prepositions of Place.

1. “at” describes a specific point in space.
E.g.I am at the library.

2. “in” describes an enclosed space.
E.g. We live in Delhi.

3. “on ” describes an object’s relationship to a surface.
E.g. The cat is jumping on the table.

4. “by” describes an object’s nearness to other objects.
E.g. The boy stood by the window.

→ Prepositions of Direction :
Prepositions of direction indicate in which direction the object is moving.
Eg : above, across, along, around, behind, below, beside, over, through, toward, up, down, between, inside, in, near, under, into, onto
The train passed through the tunnel.
We walked along the road.
The boy ran up the hill.
The river runs between the hills.

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in the box.

1. Is your brother ……………….. the shop?
2. My father has returned his workplace.
3. A small stream runs ……………….. the bridge.
4. Prema fell ……………….. the floor.
5. A helicopter hovered ……………….. our house.
6. The cat jumped ……………….. the wall.
7. The rocket is going ……………….. the moon.
8. The flight ran ……………….. the runway.
9. Row your boat gently the stream.
10. The boy put the chocolate ……………….. his pocket.
Answer:

1. at
2. from
3. below
4. on
5. above
6. onto
7. towards
8. along
9. down
10. in

Writing

A. Write a paragraph using the hints given below.

On a holiday – went to Horsley Hills – with my family – great trip in my life – started journey – sunny day – excited about – Gali Bandalu – road was full of eucalyptus and sandalwood trees – extremely panoramic – Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary – Environ-mental Park, Mallamma Temple – worth seeing
Answer:
On a holiday 1 went to Horsely Hills along with my family. It was a great trip in my life. We started our journey on a sunny day. I was very excited to see the place. Gali Bandalu was a very nice place to see. On the way, the road was full of eucalyptus and sandal wood trees. The place was extremely panoramic. There, we visited Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary that sheltered many animals. There was an Environmental Park which was very pleasant. Mallamma Temple was worth seeing.

B. Write a letter to your friend about your visit to a tourist place in summer holidays.
Answer:

Chittoor. 7.9.2021.Dear Shreyan, I am well here and l hope the same with you. 1 hope you are spending your summer vacation happily. Recently I visited Horsely Hills along with my family and I enjoyed it a lot.Last Sunday, I went to Horsely Hills along with my family. It was a great trip in my life. We started our journey on a sunny day. I was very excited to see the place. Gali Bandalu was a very nice place to see. On the way. the road was full of eucalyptus and sandal wood trees. The place was extremely panoramic. There, we visited Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary that sheltered many animals. There was an Environmental Park which was very pleasant. Mallamma Temple was worth seeing. Convey my regards to all. Yours lovingly, Mokshitha

Listening

Listen to the following text:

Travelling gives you many wonderful experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to understand different cultures. It’s so exciting. I love plaonmgtrips and doing some research on the country or countries I want to visit. Sometimes, I like to plan everything in advance, my flights, hotels, and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with no hotel reservation and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in hostels and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like’ to visit places that are off the beaten track. Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists is not my cup of tea.

Listen to the text again and tick the correct options.

Travelling gives you many ___(1)___ (wonderful/worst) experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to ___(2)___ (understand/ misunderstand) different cultures. It’s so exciting. I ___(3)___ (love / dislike ) planning trips and doing some research on the country or countries 1 want to visit. Sometimes, I like to plan ___(4)___ (nothing/everything) in advance, my flights, hotels and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with no __(5)___ (hotel reservations/ room reservations) and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in ___(6)___ (railway stations/hostels) and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like to visit places that are off the beaten ___(7)___ (track/truck). Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists is not my cup of tea.
Answer:
Travelling gives you many wonderful (wonderful / worst) experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to understand (understand/misunderstand) different cultures. It’s so exciting. I love (love/dislike) planning trips and doing some research on the country or countries I want to visit. Sometimes, 1 like to plan everything (nothing/everything) in advance, my flights, hotels, and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with no hotel reservations (hotel reservations/room reservations)and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in hostels (railway stations/hostels) and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like to visit places that are off the beaten track (track/truck). Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists is not my cup of tea.

Talking Time

1. Already, you have read the Travelogue ‘A Journey through the Hills and Valleys’. You may have such beautiful places in your locality too. Using the following language functions share your likes and dislikes with your friend.

Language Function

Expressing Likes	Expressing Dislikes
Eg : I really enjoy the trip. I’m very fond of… Wow/Lovely! I’m crazy about ………….. is wonderful/ really good … is one of my favourites	Eg : I don’t think all the hill region is enjoyable. I’m sorry, but I don’t like it at all It’s absolutely terrible/awful I’m afraid 1 dislike/ don’t like …….. I specially dislike …….. I don’t like ………….

Answer:
Expressing Likes:
I’m very fond of watching the garden with flowers.
Wow! It is a wonderful lake!
Lovely! This garden makes me joyful.
I am crazy about watching the waterfalls.
The red hills are really good.
The old fort is wonderful.
The fishing harbour is one of my favourites.

Expressing Dislikes:
I’m sorry, but I don’t like this garden at all.
It’s absolutely terrible to watch the monkey here in this park.
I’m afraid I don’t like the terrible snow here.
I specially dislike the cold weather here.
I don’t like to visit the rocky places.

Project

Collect the list of tourist places in your district. Write a small description about the places by collecting relevant pictures. Display the pictures and the information in your classroom.
Answer:
Tourist Places in Srikakulam District :
1) Arasavilli :
Arasavilli is near Srikakulam. The attraction of this temple is that the sun rays enter the main temple and touch the feet of main deity in the temple twice every year – in March and October.

2) Kalingapatnam :
This is a historical commercial port center. River Vamsadhara merges into Bay of Bengal here. Darga Sharif, Sheikh Madina Aqulin are the major attractions here. There is also a light house that is visible up to 23 kilometers.

3) Baruva :
This is another popular tourist spot in Srikakulam district. River Mahendra Tanaya merges in the sea here. There are Kotilingeswara Swamy temple, Janardhana Swamy temples here. Once this was an important port.

4) Ponduru :
Ponduru is famous for the Khadi clothes that are made here.

5) Mandasa :
This village lies at the foothills of Mahendragiri and there is Varaha Swamy temple here. The fort in Mandasa is said to be one of the highest forts in India.

6) Kaviti is at a distance o 130 kilometers from Srikakulam. This is called another Konaseema. There are temples of Chintamani Maata and Sri Seetarama Swamy.

7) Telineelapuram reminds us of Siberia birds. Every September, Pelican and Painted Stork birds reach Telineelaapuram and return back to their places in April.

8) Mogadaalapaadu beach :
This is located in the Gara mandal of Srikakulam district. This is the most visited beach after Kalingapatnam in this district. This is at a distance of twenty kilometers from Srikakulam town. There is a 200 meter long bridge that is built into the sea. Thousands of people come here to take bath during auspicious days.

★ Tourist Places in East Godavari District:

1. Annavaram is a popular temple in East Godavari district. The presiding deity here is Sri Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Swamy. Thousands of devotees visit the temple every day.
2. Draksharamam has a temple for Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and this is also one of the Shaktipeethams.
3. Kumaraaraamam is in Samalkota, East Godavari district. Presiding deity here is Someswara along with Balatripura Sundari. Samalkota is 60 km away from Rajahmundry.
4. Antarvedi is another religious place in the district. This is where Godavari meets the sea. There is a temple for Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy and this is also one of the famous tourist places.
5. Maredumilli is at a distance of 80 kilometers from Rajahmundry. There is Jalatarangini waterfall nearby which is an attraction.
6. Papikondalu is another very famous tourist attraction.
7. Kadiyam is famous for its plant nurseries. Many types of flowers and plants are , created here. This is at a distance of only ten kilometers from Rajahmundry.
8. Dindi resorts are located at a place where River Godavari meets the sea. This place is near Rajol and house boats are additional attraction of this place.

★ Tourist Places in Nellore District:

1. Satish Dhawah Shah Center is one of the popular Nellore district tourist places. This internationally famous rocket launching center is in Srihari Kota in Sullurpet.
2. Somasila Dam is also a tourist spot. The dam was built on River Penna. There is Someswara temple here.
3. Kandaleru River’s birth place was’Veligondala Mountains and a darn is built on the river at Chillaturu. This is the biggest mud dam in the word with a capacity to store 68 TMC water.
4. Krishnapatnam port is going to be biggest port in Asia and is in Muttkuru mandal in Nellore district.
5. Pulicot River is a naturally formed second salt water river. This is spread in an area of 600 square kilometers in the state borders of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. More than fifty lakh birds from various countries ccwne here every year during October to March.
6. Udayagiri fort has more than thousand years of history and stands still even now in ruins. The fort built on the hill is spread in 35 km and is believed to have 365 temples.
7. Pallipadu Gandhi Ashram is on the banks of River Penna in Indukurupeta. This stands as an evidence for history. This is at a distance of 9 kilometers in the east from Nellore.

★ Tourist Places In Guntur District:

1. Kotappakonda is in the Narasaraopet constituency. It is located at a distance of 15 kilometers from Narasaraopet and is 60 kilometers away from district headquarters. Lord Shiva here is called Dakshinamurthy.
2. Undavalli caves,’the world popular caves’are located in Undavalli village in Tadepalli Mandal. These historical caves date back to 2 nd and 3 rd AC. It is believed that Vishukudina king Govindaraja Varma built these for Buddhist monks. The Anantasayana Sri Mahavishnu temple in these caves is very beautiful.
3. Bhavani Island is spread in Krishna River on the borders of Guntur and Krishna districts. AC cottages and tree cottages are available for tourists.
4. Nagarjuna Sagar dam is at a distance of 25 kilometers from Macherla.
5. Amaravati is the first in the five Pancharamas and the deity here is called Amareswara’ This is at a distance of 35 kilometers from Guntur. Accommodation is available for devotees. Dhyana Buddha project is being built here. There is also an archeological museum and many ancient temples in this small village.

★ Tourist Places in Vizianagaram District:

1. Vizianagaram fort: One of the main attractions of Vizianagaram district is the Fort. ConstructiQn of this fort was begun in the year 1713 by Vizianagaram kings. Before that, they lived in a mud fort in Kumili.
2. Ganta sthambham or clock tower is another attraction in Vizianagaram. This 68 feet high pillar was built by Anandagajapati Raju with an expense of Rs. 5,4000. it has clocks on four sides. Duripg Second World War, a siren was set up in this. Earlier there were steps to reach the 5th floor but now they are in ruins.
3. Chintapalli beach is one of the most visited tourist spots in Vizianagaram district. The lighthouse, big stones in the sea are main attractions here.
4. Taatipudi Reservoir: Boating is the main attraction here. This is situated 12 kilometers from Vizianagaram town. Cottages of forest department are also available here.
5. Paiditalli temple is another attraction in this district. Sirimaanotsavam is an event that attracts thousands of devotees.

★ Tourist Places in West Godavari District:

1. Kolleru Lake is spread in nearly 700 kilometers. Many birds from other countries migrate* to this place during October and May months.
2. Dwaraka Tirumala temple is popular as ‘Chinna or Small Tirupati’ thousands of ‘ devotees visit this temple. All facilities are available here for the devotees.
3. Papikondalu is another tourist attraction in the district.
4. Perupalem beach in Mogalturu mandal is being developed as a tourist spot.
5. Rajabahadur fort in Mogalturu is standing as a symbol of lost graduer. This fort was built by Kalidindi kings two hundred years ago, according to historical evidence.
6. Guntupalli in Kamavarapukota has Buddhist caves. Buddhist monks from even foreign countries visit this place.

★ Tourist Places in Visakhapatnam District:

• Kailasagiri :
Kailasagiri hills are spread in around 350 acres and beautiful park is developed here. Water fountains, microwave repeater station, flower clock and Titanic View point mesmerize the visitors. There are huge idols of Shiva and Parvathi. Special attractions of Kailasagiri are the ropeway and the circular train.

• Ramakrishna beach :
Ramakrishna beach is very suitable to get relaxed. There is a Kalimata temple nearby which is a must see place for the tourists.

• Kurumpam tomb :
This tomb is built in the memory of Kurumpam queen. This is popualr as Taj Mahal of Visakha.

• Submarine museum :
This is the first of its kind in Asia and second in the world. Kurusura Submarine museum is located near Ramakrishna beach.

• Rishikonda beach :
This is at a distance of 8 kilometers from Visakhapatnam and is a place to be visited. Twelve AP tourism cottages are avilable here for the tourists.

• Totlakonda is 15 kilometers away from Visakhapatnam and is 128 kilometers above the sea level.
• Simhachalam is 16 kilometers away form Visakhapatnam city. It has nearly six hundred years of history. Devotees believe that Narasimha Swamy resides on this hill. Thousands of devotees visit this temple every day.
• Nukambika temple is at a distance of 36 kilometers from Visakhapatnam. Devotees. yome to visit this temple from Odhisha, Maharashtra and Karnataka districts also.

★ Tourist Places in Krishna District:

1. Kondapalli is one of the Krishna district tourist attraction places. This lies between Nandigama and Vijayawada towns. Kondapalli is famous for the wooden toys. The toys are made with a special wood got from the trees grown in this area.
2. Kanaka Durga temple is on the hills of Indrakeelaadri in Vijayawada. Lakhs of devotees
   visit the temple every year. It is said that Arjuna did penance for Lord Shiva on this hill. ‘
3. World popular Kuchipudi village is also in this district.
4. Kolleru lake is also located in this’district and the Pelicon birds can be seen here.
5. Hamsala Deevi is another tourist attraction. This village is in Koduru mandal. River Krishna merges in Bay of Bengal near this village. This place is very beautiful.
6. Prakasam barrage is another attraction of Vijayawada. The barrage is constructed at the foothill of Indrakeeladri. It was constructed in the year 1957.
7. Bapu Museum has more than hundred years of history. The museum was launched in the year 1887. There are many artefacts including those used by early men.

Tourist Places in Kurnool District:
• Srisailam :
It is located at 180 kms from Kurnool and 210 kms from Hyderabad an altitude of over 1500 ft. above the sea level in the picturesque natural environment in the Northernmost part of the Nallamalas hill range. The temple at Srisailam is the ancient and sacred place of South India. The presiding deity of the place is Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Swamy in natural stone formations in the shape of Lingam and is listed as one of the twelve Jyotirlingams existing in the country.

• Mahanandi :
Mahanandiswara temple in Mahanandi mandal is a reputed pilgrim center and that dates back to the 7th century A.D. It is located at a distance of 14 kms from Nandyal and 80 kms from Kurnool., It is a scenic spot having its location to the east of the Nallamalas hill range in a natural set up of ravishing beauty surrounded by thick forest. The remarkable feature here is the crystal clear water which flows throughout the year from perennial springs. The festival of Mahanandiswara is celebrated during February- March. Pilgrims and tourists from all parts of India particularly South Indians visit this place throughout the year.

• Ahobilam :
It is a great religious center of antiquity and is situated at a distance of 68 Kms. from Nandyal, 28 Kms. From Allagadda and 160 Kms from Kurnool.

• Manthralayam :
Mantralayam is situated on the banks of river Tungabhadra and lying 90 kms from Kurnool. It derived its importance form the Jeevasamadhi of Madhva Saint Sri Raghavendra Swamy.

• Yaganti :
Yaganti lies at a distance of 11 kms from Banganapally and §0 kms from Kurnool situated admist natural scenery with caves and waterfalls around. The presiding deity is Uma Maheswara Swamy popularly known as Yaganti Swamy.

• Belum Caves :
Beliim Caves are located near Belum village, Kolimigundla mandal in Kurnool district. The Caves lie at a distance of 110 kms from Kurnool via Banaganapalli.

After a distance of 20 meters at the entrance, the cave is horizontal and has a length , of 3229 meters. Longer than Borra Caves in Vizag district, Belum Caves have long passages, spacious chambers fresh water galleries and siphons.

• Rolla Padu Sanctuary :
The Rolla Padu Sanctuary is located in Midthur mandal and about a distance of 60 kms from Kurnool. Apart from a wide variety birds and animals, this sanctuary is renowned as one of the last refuges of the endangered Great Indian Bustard (Batta Meka Pitta), which is a heavy Ground Bird like a young ostrich or peahen.

• Orvakallu Rock Garden :
A Magical Place – Amidst the Wonder of Nature: Orvakallu is an adventure destination unlike any other. Andhra Pradesh Tourism has identified the grandeur of these formations and has set up a 1000 acre park with the fabulous igneous rock formations as the centre of attraction.

• Bramham Gari Matham-Banaganapalli :
Banaganapalli is 85 kms away frftm Kurnool. Veera Bramham is well known saint in this region. He lived in this area written “Kalagnanam” on palm leaves. Garimireddy Achamma has provided shelter to Veera Bramham and became his disciple. He worked as a Gopala in her house. Chintamani Matham and Nelamatham are famous in this town, Banaganapalli is famous for Mango Gardens.

★ Tourist Places in Y.S.R. Kadapa District:

Gandikota Fort :
Belonging to the 13th century, Gandikota Fort is one of the most important tourist attractions in Andhra Pradesh. The architecture is inspired by Vijayanagar style and Quli Qutb style. The fort houses an expansive palace, temple and a mosque.

Ontimitta :
Those who visit Kadapa do not miss visiting Ontimitta, which has the famous Sri Kodandarama Swami Temple. The idols of three Hindu gods in the temple are carved off a single rock.

Ameen Peer Dargah :
Ameen Peer Dargah was constructed by Sufi Saint Peerullah Hussaini in the year 1683. The Dargah is visited by people who follow various faiths and hence it stands as a symbol of harmony that crosses all man made barriers.

Pushpagiri :
Pushpagiri is a beautiful place, which is considered sacred as it has many temples and a favourite pilgrimage centre.

Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary :
Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the important tourist attractions here. The sanctuary is a home to over 100 species of birds and 1500 varieties of plants.

Sidhout Fort :
Sidhout Fort is located on Pennar River banks. The fort was constructed in the year 1303 AD and it covers a massive 30-acre land. The two gateways with embellished pillars stand proof of the architectural splendor of the bygone era.

★ Tourist Attractions in Anantapur District:

1. Bugga Ramalingeswara temple in Tadipatri is called the second Varanasi.
2. Puttaparti is another religious place in Anantapur district.
3. Veerapuram is another important Anantapur Tourist Place for bird lovers. Birds from as far as Siberia come here every year and the villagers look after them as their guests. Painted stork is one important guest here.
4. Lepakshi temple is another important tourist spot in the district. There is a large Nandi sculpture that looks real. It is 15 feet high and 27 feet long.
5. There are many historical structures in Penugonda. It was the second capital of Sri Krishna Devaraya.

Tourist Places in Chittoor District:

Chandagiri Fort :
This was the 4th capital of Vijayanagar empire. Rayas shifted their capital here when Golconda sultans attacked Penukonda. In 1646 eventually the fort was annexed by the Sultans and subsequently fell under the Kingdom of Mysore. The Raja Mahal Palace is now an archaeological museum. The palace is an example of Indo-Sarcen architecture from Vijayanagar period.

Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple, Tirumala :
The Tirupati Balaji temple is placed about 120 KM east of Chittoor town. This temple is dedicated to Lord Sri Venkateswara, an incarnation of Vishnu, who is believed to have appeared here to save mankind from trials and troubles of Kali Yuga.

Horsley Hills :
Horsley Hills or Horsley Konda is a series of hills in the Madanapalle taluk of Chittoor district. it’s about 150 KM west of Chittoor town. Over the years Horsely Hills has become one of the leading tourist spots of Andhra Pradesh and its fondly called today as ‘Andhra’s Ooty’.

Kailasakona Waterfalls :
The falls is situated in Nagari Valley, about 72 KM East of Chittoor. This is a perennial waterfalls with an interesting story behind them. Legend has it that Lord Kailasanatheshwara performed the marriage of Lord Venkateshwara Swami and Goddess Padmavati here.

★ Tourist Places in Prakasam District:

1. Bhairavakona Temple :
Bhairavakonda(Bhairavakona) is about 150 kilometres from Ongole and is famous for many rock-cut temples dedicated to Lord Shiva and many other Hindu deities. Most of these temples are in ruins and date back to the 7th and 8th centuries. The architectural style of temples is similar to the temples that were constructed during the Pallava Dynasty.

2. Markapur Chennakesava :
Chennakesava Swamy temple is a famous pilgrimage centre at Markapur in Prakasam district.

3. Tripurantakam :
Located at 40 km from Markapur and 93 km from Ongole, it’s a well known place of pilgrimage. This is the site of the Tripuranta Keswara Swamy temple situated on a hilltop.

4. Singarakonda Anjaneya swamy Temple :
There are two things which Singarakonda is known for. One of them is that Lord Hanuman is located on the bank of Bhavanasi lake at the bottom of the hill Singarakonda and the second is that there is one Sri Lakshminarasimha Swamy temple located on the hilltop.

5. Kottapatnam Beach :
The beach lines the coast of Bay of Bengal and runs along several kilometres. The beach is popular for picnic and serves as a recreational spot.

Fun Time

Poem to enjoy

A pin had a head but has no hair
A clock has a face but no mouth there
Needles have eyes but they cannot see
A fly has a trunk without lock or key
A timepiece may lose but cannot win
A corn field dimples without chin
Rivers run though they have no feet
A saw has feet but it does not run
Ash trees have keys yet never a lock
And a baby crpws without being a cock

Think and match the following.

1) bottle – teeth
2) tree – tongue
3) shoe – neck
4) comb – spine
5) flame – nose
6) hammer – trunk
7) aeroplane – head
8) book – sole
Answer:
1) bottle → neck
2) tree → trunk
3) shoe → sole
4) comb → teeth
5) flame → tongue
6) hammer → head
7) aeroplane → nose
8) book → spine

A Journey through the Hills and Valleys Summary

The speaker of the lesson describes his visit to the Eastern Ghats. The speaker and his friends started from Visakhapatnam by train (Vistadome coach) to Borra Caves. The train journey to Borra Caves was by a Vista dome coach through 58 tunnels. They watched a waterfall during their train journey to Borra Caves. It was an unforgettable experience for them and they reached the place at 9.40 a.m.

Borra Caves :
The Borra Caves are the largest caves in the country. They are located 705 metres above the sea level. They enjoyed the chilled weather and the echo of shouts of visitors. They watched the forest products and handicrafts sold by the tribal people. ‘

Tyda Nature Camp :
Around 2. p.m. they reached Tyda Nature Camp. This place has facilities for rock climbing, trekking, bird watching and target shooting with bow and arrows. They enjoyed the serene atmosphere of the place. They left for Araku Valley which is called the Andhra Ooty. It is a monumental vacation spot in Andhra Pradesh. They enjoyed the taste of coffee there. They visited the Tribal Museum which exhibits the handicrafts, ornaments and dresses used by the tribal people. The yellow flowers at the spot is a wonderful feast for the eyes.

Padmapuram Gardens :
Padmapurarrf Garden is built in 26 acres and they watched the entire place in Araku Express, the toy train. They stayed at Araku at night. There they enjoyed a camp fire and Dhimsa performed by 12 to 16 women while men beating the drums.

Lambasingi:
Lambasingi is known for the snowfall with a record the lowest temperature in Andhra Pradesh. It is a perfect place to enjoy winter season. After breakfast, they visited Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary, one of the best places of visit. They watched many kinds of birds there.

Having lunch at Narsipatnam, they started to Visakhapatnam in their hired vehicle and reached in the evening. The entire journey was a memorable and adventurous experience in their life.

Meanings For Difficult Words

valley (n) : an elongated depression of the earth’s surface usually between ranges of hills
tunnel (n) : a covered passage way
exciting (adj) : thrilling
astounding (adj) : amazing, astonishing
Vista dome coach (n) : a glass-top coach which enables the passengers watch the outside scenery
spellbound (adj) : mesmerised
manifested (adj) : evident
magnificence (n) : glory / spender
concrete jungles : town areas where houses are built with cement
serene (adj) : peaceful
sumptuous (adj) : luxurious/rich; delicious
exhausted (adj) : extremely tired
brimming (v) : overflow
monumental (adj) : highly significant/very great
phenomenon (n) : an observable event
ceremonial (adj) : ritual; formal
auspicious (adj) : favourable; encouraging
survive (v) : live
intense (adj) : severe
adventurous (adj) : daring
expensive (adj) : costly

Gandikota – The Grand Canyon of India

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Write one of the interesting things from this news article.
Answer:
The information about the Gandikota Fort impressed me a lot. The wall guarding the fort is a great construction. The wall has a five-mile perimeter.

Question 2.
What is the right time to visit Gandikota? Why?
Answer:
The best time to visit this place is between September and February, as the weather during this time is comparatively pleasant.

B. Read the following and say whether they are true/false.

1. Gorges are formed because of rock erosion over a long period of time.
2. A five-mile perimeter wall around Gandikota Fort is constructed to protect it.
3. Gandikota, the Grand Canyon of India, is only one such a place in the world.
4. Gandikota is an example of artificial architecture.
5. Gandikota can only be reached by road.
Answer:

1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. false

Check Point

Gandikota – The Grand Canyon of India Summary

Gandikota has come to be known as the Hidden Grand Canyon of India. It is lo-cated in Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh. It resembles the Grand Canyon, Arizona, US. There are many astounding areas that are alluring to the visitors in and around Gandikota. ‘Gandi’ means ‘Canyon’ and ‘Kota’ means ‘Fort’. The village nearby this area is known to tye Gandikota. Gandikota was the seat of power for many ancient dynasties, ever since its discovery by Kakatiya Raja, a subordinate of the then Chalukya ruler.

The Fort, having a five-mile perimeter wall guarding it, is one of the favourite tourist hotspots. This fort has an impressive history as it was once the undefeatable stronghold of its time. It is very exciting to walk along the fort’s wall and spend a few moments by the serene river. A trip to this place is worthy. The best tinje to visit this place is between September and February, as the weather during this time is comparatively pleasant. There are several other attractions and things to do in Gandikota like kayaking, rock climbing, trekking and rappelling. Surely you can enjoy watching stars at night. The granary, prison etc are the special attractions here. You can also visit Mylavaram Dam nearby and do some boating in the serene waters of the reservoir. You can also visit the Belum Caves which is India’S largest and the longest natural cave system, the Owk Reservoir and Banaganapalle.

Meanings For Difficult Words

architecture (n) : any particular style of building design
astounding (adj) : surprisingly impressive
allure (v) : extremely attractive
adorned (v) : made more beautiful
serene (adj) : calm and peaceful
appealing (adj) : attractive or interesting
quirky (adj) : unusual
gushing (v) : flow out of something in a rapid and plentiful stream

Andhra Pradesh Telangana (TS) SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 7th Class English Study Material Guide Pdf free download, AP Board 7th Class English Government Textbook Answers Pdf are part of AP Board 7th Class Textbook Solutions.

Students can also go through AP 7th Class English Important Questions for exam preparation.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Guide Study Material Pdf Free Download

7th Class English Textbook Answers | 7th Class English Guide Pdf State Syllabus Telangana

7th Class English Government Textbook Answers Pdf New Syllabus

AP 7th Class English Study Material Pdf Download Sem 1

• Unit 1 Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me
• Unit 2 The Turning Point
• Unit 3 A Journey through the Hills and Valleys
• Unit 4 The Brave Little Bowman

SCERT 7th Class English Textbook Answers Sem 2

• Unit 5 The Art of Weaving
• Unit 6 The Why – Why Girl
• Unit 7 The Bond of Love
• Unit 8 Gurajada – The Legend

7th Class English Guide Important Questions and Answers

7th Class English Important Questions Sem 1

• Unit 1 Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me Important Questions
• Unit 2 The Turning Point Important Questions
• Unit 3 A Journey through the Hills and Valleys Important Questions
• Unit 4 The Brave Little Bowman Important Questions

AP 7th Class English Important Questions Sem 2

• Unit 5 The Art of Weaving Important Questions
• Unit 6 The Why – Why Girl Important Questions
• Unit 7 The Bond of Love Important Questions
• Unit 8 Gurajada – The Legend Important Questions

AP 7th Class English Textbook Answers (Old Syllabus)

Telangana SCERT Class 7 English Solutions | 7th Class English Textbook Pdf Andhra Pradesh State Syllabus

Unit 1

• A. The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse
• B. The Town Child & The Country Child (Poem)
• C. The New Blue Dress

Unit 2

• A. C.V. Raman, the Pride of India
• B. It’s Change…. (Poem)
• C. Susruta, an Ancient Plastic Surgeon

Unit 3

• A. Puru, the Brave
• B. Home They Brought Her Warrior Dead (Poem)
• C. The Magic of Silk

Unit 4

• A. Tenali Paints a Horse
• B. Dear Mum (Poem)
• C. The Emperor’s New Clothes

Unit 5

• A. A Trip to Andaman
• B. My Trip to the Moon (Poem)
• C. Sindbad, the Sailor

Unit 6

• A. A Hero
• B. My Nasty Adventure (Poem)
• C. Learn How to Climb Trees

7th Class English Guide Pdf Telangana Important Questions and Answers

• AP Board 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 1
• AP Board 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 2
• AP Board 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 3
• AP Board 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 4
• AP Board 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 5
• AP Board 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 6

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6C Learn How to Climb Trees Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 6C Learn How to Climb Trees

7th Class English Chapter 6C Learn How to Climb Trees Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you think is the main reason for the tiger’s attack on Har Singh?
Answer:
When Kunwar Singh and Har Singh faced the tiger, they stood in still. The tiger looked at them but did not spring upon them. Later Har Singh fired at one of the jungle fowls which had alighted on a branch. Because of the firing, the tiger was afraid, and so it roared. Har Singh did not learn climbing up a tree and so stood there in fear. Then the tiger attacked him.

Question 2.
What kind of person was the doctor? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The doctor was very kind. That’s why he gave treatment to Har Singh, even though they came to him late in the night. He laid Har Singh on a string-bed and sewed up the hole in his stomach, and saved him. Though Kunwar Singh offered him two rupees, he refused to take that.

Question 3.
What would you have done if you were in the narrator’s place when the tiger attacked Har Singh?
Answer:
If I were in the narrator’s place, I would do all that the narrator had done to Har Singh. Besides, I made Har Singh learn climbing up a tree later.

Question 4.
What do you think the narrator wants to convey through this story?
Answer:
Through this story, the narrator wants to convey that everyone, particularly forest dwellers, should leam how to climb up trees, in childhood.

Learn How to Climb Trees Summary in English

Jim Corbett was brought up in the Kumaon and Garhwal hills. He was an excellent shooter and killed many tigers and saved many poeple.

When he was eight, he was given his first gun. Then Kunwar Singh visited him. He told him that he could go with no fear in the jungles taking that gun. But he advised him to learn how to climb trees. He told Corbett a story to know the importance of climbing a tree.

One day last April Har Singh and Kunwar Singh went into the jungle to shoot. They found nothing to shoot. So they were returning home. Suddenly they faced a tigher. Then both of them stood still. The tiger hit a nullah. Then a large number of jungle fowl rose cackling out of the dense scrub. One of them alighted on a branch and Har Singh fired at it. Then the tiger roared at them.

At once, Kunwar Singh climbed up a runi tree. But Har Singh stayed there as he had not learnt climbing up a tree when he was a boy. The tiger sprang upon him. Har Singh was screaming. Then Kunwar Singh fired his gun off into the air. The tiger went away. Har Singh collapsed at the foot of the tree. Kunwar Singh got down the tree and found that the tiger’s claw had entered the stomach of Har Singh and torn the lining from his navel to within a few fingers’ breadth of the back-bone. All his inside had fallen out. Har Singh told Kunwar Singh to put his intestines back into his stomach. Kunwar Singh managed to do that.

Later Kunwar Singh wound his turban round his stomach and knitted it tight to keep everything from falling out again. He took Har Singh to the nearby hospital. But as it was night, the hospital was closed. They went to the doctor-babu who told them to bring Aladia, the tobacco-seller. Har Singh was laid on a string-bed. Aladia came and held the lantern. Kunwar Singh held the two pieces of flesh together.

The doctor was very kind. He sewed up the hole in Har Singh’s stomach. Har Singh was safe. Kunwar Singh offered the doctor two rupees but he refused to take that. Later Kunwar Singh and Har Singh went home. Seeing the condition of Har Singh, there the womenfolk were crying.

This story explains the importance of learning to climb up a tree in childhood.

Learn How to Climb Trees Glossary

paling (v): appearing less bright

scrub (n): an area of dry land covered with small bushes and trees

cackling (v): making a loud unpleasant noise

frighten (v): to cause a feeling of fear

grasp (v): to catch hold of something

collapse (v): to fall down suddenly because of loss of strength/support

sew (v): to join or attach something using a needle and thread

nullah (n): a water course, especially a dry one

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 1

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 1

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following text.

The town mouse and the country mouse were cousins. They often wrote to each other. One day, the country mouse got this letter from his cousin.

Kitchen Cupboard,
Mouse Town.
11 March 2012.

Dear Cousin,

I have been ill with a cough and my doctor feels I need a holiday. He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside. May I stay with you? Please give me an early reply.

With warm regards,

Yours affectionately,
Town Mouse

To
Country Mouse, The Mouse Hole,
Mouse Country.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who sent the letter to whom?
b) Where does the country mouse live?
c) Where does the town mouse live ?
d) What relation does the country mouse and town mouse have ?
e) How long does the town mouse want to stay in the country ?
f) Why does the town mouse want to visit the country mouse ?
Answers:
a) The town mouse sent the letter to the country mouse.
b) The country mouse lives in the mouse hole in Mouse Country.
c) The town mouse lives in kitchen cupboard in Mouse Town.
d) The country mouse and the town mouse are cousins.
e) The town mouse wants to stay for a week in the country.
f) The town mouse had been suffering from cough and cold and his doctor advised him to spend a week in the countryside.

2. Read the following passage.

Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright and sunny and soon the town mouse began to feel hot in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here.”
However, there was nothing he could do about it. So, he grumbled to himself while the train chugged’slowly into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station.
“Oh, cousin,” the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train. “The train was dreadful, I feel terribly hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to drink at home.”
“Well, I have some water,” said the country mouse. “But I can look around for some coconut water if you like.”
“Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in horror. “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade ?”
“I am afraid not,” replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice piece of root today and a tender bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy that.”

Now answer the following questions:
a) How was the day weather when the town mouse travelled to the country?
b) “I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here” – What does this tell us about the town mouse?
c) How did the town mouse feel in the train?
d) What did the country mouse offer the town mouse as soon as he got off the train?
e) What did the town mouse ask the country mouse for ?
Answers:
a) The day was very bright and sunny when the town mouse travelled to the country.
b) It tells us that the town mouse was leading a luxurious, comfortable and civilised life in the town with all modern amenities and comforts.
c) The town mouse felt that the train was dreadful. He felt very hot and thirsty in the train.
d) The country mouse offered some water or coconut water to the town mouse as soon as he got off the train.
e) The town mouse asked the country mouse for orange juice or lemonade.

3. Read the following passage.

“I am afraid not, “ replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice piece of root today and a tender bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy that.”
“Root? Sugar-cane?” the town mouse exclaimed. “But I don’t eat raw food like that.”
The country mouse said, “This is what we eat in the country. So, I’m afraid you too have to eat this. Try it. It’s not bad.”
The town mouse did not enjoy his dinner at all. He nibbled at the root and the sugar-cane and then said he wanted to sleep. The country mouse showed a corner in the mouse hole and said, “There you are; you can sleep there.”
“On the ground?” asked the town mouse. “Do I have to sleep on the ground?”
“Yes, this is how we sleep in the country,” his cousin answered.
As the town mouse lay down on the hard, cold ground, he suddenly thought of something. “Cousin,” he called out.
“Yes, what is it?” the country mouse asked. .
“Why is it so quiet here? Where are all the cars and lorries? Where are the radios and the televisions? Where are all the lights ?”
“This is how it is in the country,” his cousin replied. “It’s always quiet in the country. Sometimes it is quieter than today. My grandfather says that our village is the quietest among all the villages in our district.” “Oh! Is it? The country is a strange place,” said the town mouse. But he said to himself, “I don’t think I like this place.”

Now answer the following questions:
a) What did the country mouse eat in the country?
b) What does the clause ‘I am afraid’ here mean?
c) Where did the country mouse sleep?
d) What did the town mouse worry about?
e) Why did the town mouse not like the country?
Answers:
a) The country mouse used to eat raw food like roots and sugar-cane.
b) ‘I am afraid’ here means ‘sorry’. It is used to express apology;
c) The country mouse used to sleep on the ground.
d) The town mouse worried why it was so quiet in the country, why there were no radios and televisions, why there were no cars and lorries, in the country.
e) There was no delicious food such as bread, jam, fruits and chocolates in the country. There was no comfortable bed to sleep There were no buses and lorries and there was no busy life in the country. Hence the town mouse did not like the country.

4. Read the following passage.

Next morning, the town mouse found that there was no breakfast ready. His cousin told him that they had to go to the nearby farm to search for food.
“We are sure to find something there,” he said. “A nice piece of root or a tender bit of sugar-cane.”
But the town mouse had enough. “Thank you, cousin,” he said. “But I think I’ll catch the next train home. I have suddenly remembered that I have forgotten something.”
A few days later, the country mouse wrote to his cousin, the town mouse. Here is the letter.

Mouse Hole,
Mouse Country.
22 March 2012.

My dear Cousin,

I hope you are well. I am worried about you. I would like to visit you and make sure you are alright.

With love,

Your cousin,
Country Mouse

To
Town Mouse,
Kitchen Cupboard,
Mouse Town.

The town mouse received the letter and read it. Since he was in a hurry, he sent a telegram to the country mouse. Here is his telegram.

OVERJOYED (.) COME SOON (.)
TOWN MOUSE

Now answer the following questions:
a) Where had the mice to go for collecting breakfast?
b) What might they get for their breakfast?
c) Why do you think the town mouse said that he would catch the next train?
d) What did the country mouse write in his letter to his cousin?
e) “Since he was in hurry, he sent a telegram to the countryside” – What does this line suggest us about the life of the town mouse?
Answers :
a) The mice had to go to the nearby farm to search for food.
b) They might get a nice piece of root or a tender bit of sugar-cane for their breakfast.
c) The town mouse did not like the style of living.in the countryside. He was unable to adjust to the ways of the village. So he wanted to go back to the town.
d) The country mouse wrote that he was very much worried about his sick cousin. He said that he would like to visit his cousin to see whether he was alright.
e) It suggests us that in town the life of people is very busy.

5. Read the following passage.
A few days later, the.country mouse arrived in the town. He was surprised by the noise and the lights.
“Why are there lights even in the middle of the night?” he asked.
“This is the town,” his cousin replied. “Here there are lights even in the middle of the day.” “And what is this dreadful noise that never stops?” asked the country mouse.
“That is the traffic,” the town mouse replied. “That is the noise made by buses, lorries, cars and aeroplanes.”
But the country mouse did not like it at all. “All this noise has made my head ache,” he said. “Could I have some water to drink?”
“Why only water?” said the town mouse. “Look at what there is for you – ice cold lemonade, orange juice … which one do you want?”
“Just some water,” answered the country mouse. “Some water and a little bit of food.”
“I have plenty of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proudly. “You can eat as much as you like.”
Sure enough, the house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard was full of most delicious food.

Now answer the following questions:
a) What surprised the country mouse in the town?
b) Where did the noise come from?
c) Why did the country mouse not like the noise in the town?
d) What did the town mouse offer his cousin when he asked for water?
e) Why did the town mouse say proudly that he had a plenty of food?
Answers :
a) The country mouse was surprised by the noise and lights in the town.
b) The noise came from the traffic. This noise was made by buses, lorries, cars and aeroplanes.
c) His village was very peaceful. There was no traffic in the country. There were no buses, lorries, cars and aeroplanes in the village.
d) The town mouse offered his cousin ice-cold lemonade, orange juice.
e) In the town a lot of delicious food was available, but in the village every time they were
hungry they had to search for food here and there.

6. Read the following passage.

There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, slabs of chocolate and a huge piece of lovely cheese.
“Eat, cousin, eat,” said the town mouse. But just then, there was a sound like a thunder and the town mouse shouted. “Run, cousin, run, run.”
The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a hole in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart beating very fast, “But what is it?” he asked.
“Sssh. ..” whispered the town mouse. “Wait.”
When everything was silent again, the town mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite cheerful again.
“Come out now, cousin,” he said. “That was only somebody opening the cupboard door. We are safe now.”
But they were not safe for very long. Twice more, they had to run for safety when somebody opened the cupboard door.
The country mouse got quite tired of running and hiding. “I want to go back to the country, ” he said. “We may not get much food there, but at least we can eat in peace.”
So, the next day, the country mouse went back to his house in the country and the town mouse stayed on in his cupboard in the town. And as far as I know, they did not visit each other again.

Now answer the following questions.
a) “There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits” What difference do you find between the food available in the country and that of the town?
b) Where did the town mouse live?
c) “But just then, there was a sound like a thunder” – Where did the sound come from?
d) “We are safe now” – Were they really safe now? Why / Why not?
e) The country mouse wanted to go back to the country. Why?
Answers:
a) In the country the mice had to search for food which was raw and traditional but in the town variety of food was readily available, cooked and delicious.
b) The town mouse lived at the back of the cupboard.
c) The sound came from the opening of the cupboard door.
d) No. They were not really safe. They had to run for safety every time the door of the cupboard was opened.
e) The country mouse got quite tired of running and hiding. Though he did not get much food in the country he could live peacefully and safely there.

7. Read the following passage.

The town mouse and the country mouse were cousins. They often wrote to each other. Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright and sunny and soon the town mouse began to feel hot in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here”. However, there was nothing he could do about it. So, he grumbled to himself while the train chugged slowly into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station. “Oh, cousin,” the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train. “The train was dreadful, I feel terribly hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to drink at home.”
“Well,’I have some water,” said the country mouse. “But I can look around for .some coconut water if you like.” “Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in’horror. “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade?”

Now, answer the following questions.
a) Describe how the town mouse felt in the train.
b) Why is the town mouse travelling to the countryside?
c) “Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in horror. “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade?”
Based on the above lines from the passage, what can we say about the town mouse?
d) What food was arranged by the country mouse for the town mouse?
e) Why was the town mouse feeling thirsty?
Answers:
a) The town mouse felt hot and uncomfortable in the train. He wished that there was an air- conditioned coach in the train. But he couldn’t do anything about it.
b) The country mouse invited the town mouse to visit the countryside. So, the town mouse was travelling to the countryside.
c) The town mouse was enjoying the varieties of food and luxuries available in the town. It felt strange as the countryside did not have those facilities. The town mouse was not happy and could not adjust with the simple and natural things of country life. He wanted to have all the luxurious items.
d) A nice piece of root and a tender bit of sugarcane was arranged for dinner.
e) The town mouse felt thirsty because he had travelled in a train on a sunny day and was feeling hot.

8. Read the following passage.

Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright and sunny and soon the town mouse began to feel hot in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here.”

Now, answer the following questions.
a) Who sent the invitation to the town mouse?
b) How was the town mouse going to the countryside?
c) How was the weather?
d) What did the town mouse wish to have?
e) Why did the town mouse wish to have it?
Answers :
a) The country mouse sent the invitation to the town mouse.
b) The town mouse was going to the countryside by a train,
c) The weather was very hot.
d) The town mouse wished to have an air conditioned coach.
e) In the town the town mouse used to live with all comforts such as air condition. He was unable to withstand the heat of the sun. So he wished to have an air-conditioned coach.

9. Read the following passage.

Next morning, the town mouse found that there was no breakfast ready. His cousin told him that they had to go to the nearby farm to search for food. ‘We are sure to find something there,” he said. “A nice piece of root or a tender bit of sugar-cane.” But the town mouse had enough. ‘Thank you, cousin,” he said. “But I think I’ll catch the next train home. I have suddenly remembered that I have forgotten something.”

Now, answer the following questions.
a) What did the town mouse find?
b) Where will they find the food?
c) Why did the town mouse want to go home?
d) What reason did the town mouse give for going home?
e) Identify two food items mentioned in the passage.
Answers:
a) that there was no breakfast ready
b) in a nearyby farm
c) The town mouse used to have varieties of ready made and delicious food in the town. But now here in the countryside it has to go the fields in search of raw food. So the town mouse wanted to go home.
d) The town mouse told that he suddenly remembered that he had forgotten something.
e) root and sugarcane

B. Reading

1. Read the following stanza.

I live in the town
In a street;
It is crowded with traffic
And feet;
There are buses and motors
And trams;
I wish there were meadows
And lambs.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who does ‘I’ in the above stanza refer to?
b) Where does the speaker live?
c) How is the street where he lives?
d) Why is there a lot of traffic?
e) Does the speaker like the town?
f) What does he wish?
g) How does the speaker like his place to be?
h) Where does the speaker want to live?
i) Why does the speaker not like the town?
j) Where do you expect the meadows and lambs-in towns or in the country ?
k) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers :
a) ‘I’ in the above stanza refers to the town child.
b) The speaker lives in the town.
c) The street is full of traffic and pedestrians.
d) Because there are a lot of buses, motors and trams.
e) No. The speaker (the town child) does not like the town.
f) He wishes that there were meadows and lambs.
g) The speaker likes his place to be beautiful with meadows and animals.
h) The speaker wants to live in a village which is full of meadows and animals.
i) The town is completely congested with full of buildings and traffic. There are no meadows and animals which make the nature beautiful in the town. So he does not like to live in a town.
j) We can expect the meadows and lambs in the villages but not in the town.
k) 1) street…. feet; 2) trams – lambs.

2. Read the following stanza.

The houses all wait
In a row,
There is smoke everywhere
That I go.
I don’t like the noises
I hear.
I wish there were woods
Very near.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who is speaking in this stanza?
b) How are the houses built?
c) ‘There is a smoke everywhere” – What does ‘there I here refer to? (Or) Where is the smoke?
d) Why is there a lot of smoke everywhere?
e) What does he not like?
f) Where do these noises come from?
g) What does the speaker wish?
h) Why does the speaker want to have ‘woods’ near his place?
i) What do you understand from the wish of the speaker?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers :
a) The town child is speaking in this stanza.
b) The houses are built in a row.
c) ‘There’ here refers to the town. (Or) The smoke is everywhere in the town.
d) Because in town there are a lot of factories, hotels, industries and a lot of cars, buses, trams and lorries. They emit a lot of smoke.
e) He does not like the noises and smoke from the factories, industries and vehicles.
f) These noises come from the vehicles, industries and factories.
g) The speaker wishes to have forests or woods near his town.
h) The speaker wishes to have forests near his town because the trees of the forests help to control pollution by absorbing the carbon dioxide.
i) We understand that the speaker wants to live peacefully away from the noise and pollution of the town.
j) row – go; hear – near.

3. Read the following stanza.

There is only one thing
That I love,
And that is the sky
Far above,
There is plenty of room
In the blue
For castles of clouds
And me, too!

Now answer the following questions :
a) Who does ‘I’ here refer to?
b) What is the only thing the speaker loves?
c) Why does he like sky?
d) “In the blue” – What does the word ‘blue’ here mean?
e) What castles are there in the sky?
f) “And me too’ – Where does the speaker want to be?
g) Why does the speaker want himself to be in castles of clouds?
h) What is the plenty of room there in the sky for?
i) Which word in the above stanza means “large strong buildings”?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers:
a) ‘I’ here refers to the town child.
b) The only thing the speaker (the town child) loves in the town is the sky.
c) Because in the sky there is a lot of room and there are no buildings and vehicles, noise and smoke in the sky.
d) The word ‘blue’ here means the ‘sky’.
e) In the sky there are castles of clouds.
f) The speaker wants to be in the sky.
g) Because in the castles of clouds there is no smoke and noise and there is a lot of open place in the sky. In the sky he can be away from pollution and helter- skelter of the town.
h) In the sky there is a lot of room for the castles of clouds.
i) Castles
j) love … above; blue – too.

4. Read the following stanza.

My home is a house
Near a wood
(I’d live in a street
If I could!)
The lanes are so quiet,
Oh, dear!
I do wish that someone Lived near.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who is speaking in this stanza?
b) Where is the speaker’s house?
c) Where does he want to live?
d) How are the lanes?
e) Why are the lanes so quiet?
f) What does the speaker wish?
g) Which word in the stanza means “an area of trees smaller than a forest”?
h) Who does the speaker address as ‘dear’?
i) “I wish that someone lived near” – What do you understand from this sentence?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers:
a) The country child is speaking in the stanza.
b) The speaker’s house is near a wood.
c) The speaker (The country child) wants to live in a street in the town.
d) The lanes in his village are so quiet.
e) Because there are a few people in the village.
f) The speaker wishes that someone lives near his house.
g) ‘wood’
h) The speaker addresses the readers as ‘dear’.
i) In the country very few people live and there are no one to play with him. So he wishes someone to live in his neighbourhood.
j) wood …. could ; dear …. near.

5. Read the following stanza.

There is no one to play with
At all,
The trees are so high
And so tall;
And I should be lonely
For hours,
Were it not for the birds
And the flowers.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Why is there no one to play with?
b) How are the trees?
c) Why are the trees so high and tall?
d) How is he in the country?
e) Were it not for the birds and the flowers’ – What does this clause mean?
f) Who are the friends for him in the country?
g) When should he be lonely?
h) What does the poet want to describe in the stanza?
i) Why does the speaker not want to live in the village?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers:
a) Because it is the country and very few people live there.
b) The trees are high and tall.
c) Because in the country there is a lot of place. In the town all the trees are cut down for want of site for construction of houses, factories and roads.
d) He is lonely in the country.
e) It means that if the birds and flowers were not there, he should be lonely in the country.
f) The birds and flowers are his friends in the country.
g) If the birds and animals were not there, he should be lonely.
h) The poet wants to describe why the country child does not like to live in the „ country.
i) The speaker does not like to live in the country because there are no one to give company to him in the country.
j) all – tall; hours – flowers.

6. Read the following stanza.

I wish that I lived
In a town
To see all the trams
Going down
A twinkling street
That is bright
With wonderful colours
At night!

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who does ‘I’ here refer to?
b) Where does the speaker live?
c) What does the speaker wish?
d) Why does he want to live in a town?
e) What attracts him to the town life?
f) How are the streets in the town at night?
g) What does the poet want to describe in the stanza?
h) Pick out the rhyming words in the stanza.
i) Why are the nights colourful in towns?
j) If you were given an option to live in a town or a country, where would you prefer to live?
Answers:
a) ‘I’ here refers to the country child.
b) The speaker lives in a country.
c) The speaker wishes to live in a town.
d) In a town he can see the trams, the bright lights, colourful nights. They make him wish to live in a town.
e) The trams, the colourful nights and the bright lights attract him to the town life.
f) The streets are bright and colourful in the town at night.
g) The poet wants to describe why people are attracted to the city life in the stanza.
h) town – down; bright – night.
i) The town wakes up all the night and some activity or other goes on all the night in the town. So the nights are bright and colourful in the town.
j) If I were given an option to live in a town or in a country, I would prefer to live in a country.

7. Read the following stanza.

The Town Child

I live in the town
In a street;
It is crowded with traffic
And feet;
There are buses and motors
And trams;
I wish there were meadows
And lambs.
The houses all wait
In a row,
There is smoke everywhere
That I go.
I don’t like the noises
I hear –
I wish there were woods
Very near.

Now, answer the following questions:
a) Where does the ‘speaker’ live?
b) Pick out any two vehicles from the poem.
c) What does the speaker find everywhere?
d) Pick out the word that rhymes with ‘trams’.
e) What does the speaker want to be very near?
Answers:
a) The speaker lives in a town.
b) Buses and trams
c) The speaker finds smoke everywhere.
d) ‘lambs’
e) The speaker wants to have woods very near.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.

When spring came to the city of Cleveland in 1909, it did not change Gates Avenue.
People who lived on the pretty streets near Gates Avenue were making gardens and painting their houses. But Gates Avenue continued to ‘look dirty and ugly.
Gates Avenue was a short street, but it seemed longer because it was so ugly. Most of the families who lived there had very little money. They never expected to have any more. Their houses had not been painted in many years, and they did not even have n.inning water.
The street itself was ugly too. There was no pavement, there was no streetlight; and the railroad’ at the end of Gates Avenue added noise and dirt.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Why did Gates Avenue seem longer though it was short?
b) Why were the houses not painted in Gates Avenue?
c) What facilities did they not have in Gates Avenue street?
d) What added noise and dirt to Gates Avenue?
e) Who were making gardens and painting their houses?
Answers:
a) Gates Avenue seemed very long because it was very much ugly and dirty.
b) because the people in Gates Avenue were very poor.
c) Gates Avenue did not have pavement and streetlight.
d) The rail road at the end of the street added noise and dirt to Gates Avenue.
e) People who lived on the pretty streets near Gates Avenue were making gardens and painting their houses.

Additional Questions
a) What is the name of the street mentioned in the passage?
b) En what way was Gates Avenue different from other streets?
c) Why was Gates Avenue ugly and dirty?
d) What made Gates Avenue look very ugly?
e) Where is Gates Avenue?
f) Why did the other streets in Cleveland look pretty?
g) “….. they did not even have running water’ – What does the phrase ‘running water’ here mean?
Answers:
a) Gates Avenue was the name of the street.
b) While all the other streets were made-beautiful by growing gardens and painting houses Gates Avenue looked dirty and ugly.
c) 1. The people living in Gates Avenue were very poor.
2. They could not afford to paint their houses.
3. There was no proper drainage system in the Avenue.
4. The street itself was ugly.
5. Lack of pavements and drainage system and the existence of the rail gate at the end of the street made the street even more ugly.
d) The rail road at the end of the street made the street even more ugly.
e) Gates Avenue is in Cleveland.
f) The people in other streets made their streets look beautiful by growing gardens and painting their houses.
g) Water supply system through pipes and taps

2. Read the following passage.

The other girls in the school near Gates Avenue wore new and pretty clothes that spring. But the little girl from Gates Avenue still wore the dirty dress that she had worn all winter. Probably that was the only dress she owned.
Her teacher was very unhappy. The little girl was so nice! She always worked hard in school; she was always friendly and polite. Her face was dirty and her hair was untidy, but anyone could see that she was pretty under the dirt.
One day the teacher said, “Won’t you wash your face before you come to school tomorrow morning? Please do that, just for me.
The next morning the child’s pretty face was clean, and her hair tidy. Before the little girl went home that afternoon, the teacher said, “Now, dear, please ask your mother to wash your dress.”
But the girl continued to wear the same dirty dress, “Her mother is probably not interested in her,” the teacher thought. So she bought a bright blue dress and gave it to the little girl. The child took the gift eagerly and rushed home.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Why did the girl wear the dirty dress?
b) “Probably that was the only dress she owned” – How can you say?
c) Why was the teacher unhappy?
d) Why would all the people say, “She was pretty under the dirt”?
e) What kind of girl was she?
f) “Please do that just for me.” – What does the word ‘that’ here mean?
g) Why did the girl look pretty the next day?
h) What did the teacher request the girl the next day?
i) Why did the girl continue to wear the same dirty dress?
j) What did the teacher do on the third day to make her look beautiful?
Answers:
a) Because the girl was poor and she owned only one dress.
b) 1. She was very poor.
2. She used to wear the same dress every day.
c) Because though the girl was so nice her face was dirty and her hair was untidy.
d) Naturally she was very pretty and beautiful but her face was dirty and her hair was untidy. So everyone would say she was pretty under the dirt.
e) She was a nice girl. She always worked hard in school. She was always friendly and polite.
f) ‘That’ here means washing her face before coming to school.
g) Because the next morning the girl washed her face and had her hair combed.
h) The next morning the teacher requested the girl to get her dress washed.
i) Because she had only one dress and she would not have had another dress if she had got it washed.
j) On the third day the teacher bought a new blue dress and gave it to the girl to make her look beautiful.

3. Read the following passage.

The next morning she came to school in the new blue dress, and she was very clean and tidy. She told her teacher, “My mother couldn’t believe her eyes when she saw me this morning in my new dress. My father wasn’t at home, but he’ll see me at supper tonight.” She was full of excitement.
When her father saw her in her new blue dress, he was amazed to find that he had a very pretty little girl. When the family ate supper, he was even more amazed to see a cloth on the kitchen table-, The family had never used a table cloth before. “We’re going to begin to be tidier here,” his wife said. “I’m ashamed to be dirty when our daughter is so clean.”
After supper, the mother began to wash the kitchen floor. Her husband watched silently for several moments. Then he went outside and began to repair the fence. The next evening, with the family’s help, he began to make a garden.

Now answer the following questions:
a) How did the girl look the next morning when she came to school?
b) Why was she very clean and tidy the next morning?
c) Why could her mother not believe her eyes?
d) Why was the girl full of excitement?
e) What made her father amazed?
f) What made her father even more amazed?
g) What did her father decide?
h) Why was her mother ashamed?
i) What did her mother do to be tidier?
j) What did her father do to keep the surroundings clean?
Answers:
a) The girl was very clean and tidy the next day.
b) Because she washed her face, combed her hair and wore a new blue dress.
c) Because the girl looked beautiful in her blue dress.
d) Because she looked beautiful in her blue dress and her parents were happy to see her beautiful face.
e) Her father was amazed to know that his daughter was very beautiful.
f) When he saw a cloth on the kitchen table he was even more amazed.
g) Her father decided to begin to be tidier thereafter.
h) Her mother was ashamed to be dirty when their daughter was so clean.
i) She began to wash the kitchen floor after supper.
j) Her father repaired the fence and he began to grow a garden to make the surroundings clean.

4. Read the following passage.

During the following week, the man in the next house watched what his neighbour was doing. And by the end of the week, the man began to paint his house — for the first time in ten years. A few days later, the young minister of a church near Gates Avenue passed these two houses and saw two men working. For the first time he noticed that there was no pavement on Gates Avenue, and no streetlight, and no running water. “People who are trying so hard to make decent homes here deserve help,” the minister thought. He asked some important citizens in the city to help them.

Now answer the following questions:
a) How did girl’s father inspire his neighbour?
b) Who came to Gates Avenue?
c) What did the young minister notice?
d) What inspired the young minister to build a pavement?
e) Why did the minister feel that the people deserved help?
f) “He asked some important citizens to help them” – Who does ‘they’ here refer to?
g) What did the minister ask the important citizens to do?
h) What were the problems the minister noticed in Gates Avenue?
i) What did the minister see at first?
j) How long had the house not been painted?
Answers:
a) When the neighbour of the girl watched her father growing a garden he was inspired and began to paint his house.
b) The young minister of a church came to Gates Avenue.
c) The young minister noticed that the pavement, streetlights and running water were not there at Gates Avenue.
d) When he came to Gates Avenue he saw two men working in front of their houses to make their surroundings clean. It inspired the minister to build a pavement.
e) When he came to Gates Avenue he saw the people working to clean their surroundings; so he felt they deserved the help.
f) ‘They’ here refers to the people of Gates Avenue.
g) The minister asked the important citizens to help the people of Gates Avenue.
h) Lack of pavements, streetlights and proper running water system were the problems in Gates Avenue.
i) At first the minister saw the men working to clean their surroundings.
j) The house had not been painted for years.

5. Read the following passage.

A few months later, because of the young minister, there was a pavement on Gates Avenue.
There was a streetlight on the corner, and the houses had running water. Six months after the little girl got her new blue dress, Gates Avenue had become a tidy street where respectable citizens lived.
When people in other places heard the story of Gates Avenue, they began to organise their own ‘clean up’ campaigns. Since 1913, more than seven thousand towns and cities have organised campaigns for painting and repairing homes and making better lives for the people who live in them.
Who knows what will happen when a teacher gives a little girl a new blue dress?

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who was responsible for building a pavement?
b) What were the other services provided by the minister?
c) How long did it take to get a tidy street for Gates Avenue?
d) Now what type of citizens live in Gates Avenue?
e) How did the experience of Gates Avenue inspire the other places in the city?
f) When did the ‘clean up’ campaign begin in Cleveland?
g) Who do you think initiated the’clean up’campaign in Gates Avenue?
h) What type of activities were taken up as a part of ‘cleaning up campaign’?
i) Do you know any such campaign is going on in our country now? Name that campaign.
j) According the passage, how many towns and cities have organized ‘clean up’ campaigns since 1913?
Answers:
a) The young minister of the church was responsible for building a pavement.
b) The minister provided streetlight, and running water system in addition to the pavement in Gates Avenue.
c) Gates Avenue took six months after the girl had got a new dress to get a tidy street.
d) Now respectable citizens live ip Gates Avenue.
e) Having been inspired by the people of Gates Avenue the people of other places began to organise their own ‘clean up’ campaigns.
f) The ‘clean up’ campaign began in 1913 in Cleveland.
g) The ‘clean up’ campaign was actually initiated by the teacher who bought a new dress for the poor girl.
h) As a part of cleaning up campaign people took up painting, and repairing homes and making better lives for the people who live in it.
i) Yes. One such ‘clean up’ campaign is going on in our country now. The massive ‘clean up’ programme is called ‘Swatchch Bharath’ (Clean India). It was started by our Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 2nd October 2014.
j) More than seven thousand towns and cities.

6. Read the following passage.

The little girl from Gates Avenue wore the dirty dress that she had worn all winter. Probably that was the only dress she owned. Her teacher was very unhappy. The little girl was so nice! She always worked hard in school; she was always friendly and polite. Her face was dirty and her hair was untidy, but anyone could see that she was pretty under the dirt. One day the teacher said, “Won’t you wash your face before you come to school tomorrow morning? Please do that, just for me.”
The next morning the child’s pretty face was clean, and her hair tidy. Before the little girl went home that afternoon, the teacher said, “Now, dear, please ask your mother to wash your dress. “But the girl continued to wear the same dirty dress, “Her mother is probably not interested in her” the teacher thought. So she bought a bright blue dress and gave it to the little girl. The child took the gift eagerly and rushed home. The next morning she came to school in the new blue dress, and she was very clean and tidy. She told her teacher, “My mother couldn’t believe her eyes when she saw me this morning in my new dress. My father wasn’t at home, but he’ll see me at supper tonight.” She was full of excitement. When her father saw her in her new-blue dress, he was amazed to find that he had a very pretty little girl.

Now, answer the following questions.
a) What was the teacher’s opinion about the girl’s mother?
b) Why was the teacher unhappy?
c) What kind of girl was the little girl in the. above passage?
d) Why would all people say “She was pretty under the dirt”?
e) Describe the nature of the teacher based on the story.
Answers:
a) The teacher’s opinion was that that the girl’s mother was probably not interested in the tidy appearance of her daughter.
b) Because the girl wore the same dirty dress every day and had an untidy appearance.
c) She was a nice girl. She always worked hard in school. She was always friendly and polite.
d) Naturally she was very pretty and beautiful but her face was dirty and her hair was untidy.
So everyone would say she was pretty under the dirt.
e) The teacher was kind, caring and helpful in nature. She gave good advice to the girl and also brought Tier a new dress. She was really interested in her well-being. She wanted to help her to maintain a tidy appearance.

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.

An elephant does not work mechanically, like many other animals. He never stops learn¬ing because he is always thinking. Not even really a good sheep – dog can compare with an elephant in intelligence. An elephant never forgets. His little actions reveal an intelligence which finds in prompt solutions for new difficulties. If he cannot reach with his trunk some part of his body that itches, he does not rub it against a tree; he may pick up a long stick and give Himself a good stretch with that instead. If he pulls up some grass, and it comes up by the roots with a lump of earth, he will smack it against his foot until all the earth is shaken off or, if the water is handy, he will wash it clean, before putting it into his mouth.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Why does the elephant never stop learning?
Answer:
The elephant never stops learning because he is always thinking.

b) Write at least two actions which prove that the elephant is an intelligent.
Answer:
i) If he cannot reach with his trunk some part of his body that itches, he picks up a long stick and gives himself a good stretch with that instead.
ii) If he pulls up some grass, and it comes up by .the roots with a lump of earth, he will smack it against his foot, until the earth is shaken off.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Why does an elephant want a long stick? ( )
i) To dig out a lump of earth
ii) To smack it against his foot
iii) To rub that part of his body that itches
iv) To defend himself from the enemy
Answer:
iii) To rub that part of his body that itches

d) Why does the elephant smack some grass against his foot? ( )
i) To grind it
ii) To shake off the grass
iii) To rub his body with it
iv) To chew the roots
Answer:
ii) To shake off the grass

e) What does the elephant do before putting the grass roots with a lump of earth into his mouth ? ( )
i) He smacks it against his foot.
ii) He washes it clean.
iii) He either smacks it against the foot or washes it clean.
iv) He lifts it with his trunk and grinds it under his feet.
Answer:
iii) He either smacks it against the foot or washes it clean.

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Newton had a little dog. He called it Diamond. One day it was lying in his reading room. In the room there were heaps of papers and writings and a lighted candle on a table. Newton left the room for a few minutes and suddenly Diamond jumped upon the table. This caused the lighted candle to fall on the papers. All the papers caught fire and were burnt to ashes. On coming back, Newton saw to his surprise, what Diamond had done. But he did not strike the dog. He rather patted his head and said, ‘Diamond, you do not know-what mischief you have done.”

Now answer the following questions.
a) What were the things lying on the table?
Answer:
There were heaps of papers and writings and a burning candle on the table.

b) How did the papers catch fire?
Answer:
Newton was away for a short time. Then his pet dog suddenly jumped upon the table. This caused the lighted candle to fall on the papers and they caught fire.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Newton called his dog ( )
i) Prince
ii) Pearl
iii) Diamond
iv) Ruby
Answer:
iii) Diamond

d) From the passage we can understand that Newton was ( )
i) kind and cool tempered
ii) cruel and short-tempered
iii) angry and ferocious
iv) Mad and vicious
Answer:
i) kind and cool tempered

e) What did Newton do when he found that his dog burnt his papers to ashes? ( )
i) He beat the dog.
ii) He killed the dog.
iii) He patted the dog.
iv) He shouted at the dog.
Answer:
iii) He patted the dog.

3. Read the following passage carefully.

Every day I walk a half-mile from my home to the tramcar lines in the morning, and from the lines to my home in the evening. The walk is pleasant. The road on either side is flanked by red and green-roofed bungalows, green lawns and gardens. The exercise is good for me and now and then I learn something from a little incident One morning, about half-way between my front gate and the tram track, I noticed two little boys one was four years old perhaps, the other five. Playing in the garden of one of the more modest cottages. The bigger of the two was a sturdy youngster, very dark, with a mat of coarse hair on his head and coal black eyes. He was definitely a little Jamaican – a strong little Jamaican. The other little fellow was smaller but also sturdy – he was white with hazel eyes and light-brown hair. Both were dressed in blue shirts and kaki pants: they wore no shoes and their feet were muddy. They were not conscious of my standing there.

Now answer the following questions.
a) He was definitely a Jamaican. How could the writer guess it?
Answer:
His dark colour and the mat of coarse hair on his head made the writer guess that he was a little Jamaican.

b) What is the exercise for the writer?
Answer:
A half a mile walk from home to the tramcar lines in the morning and from tramcar lines to the home in the evening was an exercise for the writer.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) How was the cottage where the boys were playing? ( )
i) beautiful
ii) modest
iii) modern
iv) ugly
Answer:
ii) modest

d) What are there on either side of the road? ( )
i) green lawns and gardens
ii) red and green-roofed bungalows
iii) small cottages with tild roofs
iv) big cottages with tiled roofs
Answer:
ii) red and green-roofed bungalows

e) How old was the black boy? ( )
i) six years
ii) four years
iii) five years
iv) eight years
Answer:
iii) five years

4. Read the following passage carefully.

Of all the weapons of destruction invented by science till today, the most destructive one is the Atom bomb. Scientists have succeeded in making this after years of research. These researches first started in Germany about the beginning of the Second World War. The German scientists were afterwards engaged by America, and a big laboratory covering several square miles was set up in that country. Constant researches were carried on in America very secretly and in 1944, the scientists succeeded in making the Atom bomb. During that time the Second World War was almost coming to an end. Germany was defeated. But the small country, Japan, was still waging the war against the mighty forces of England, France and Russia and America was forced to enter the war. An Atom bomb was flown from America to Japan, and was dropped on a city, in 1945, called Hiroshima, where a Japanese army was stationed. It was a great populous city. The bomb not only killed the whole army but also levelled all the houses to the ground and nothing was left but heaps of debris. Even many people living for away received severe burns by the rays that came out of the bursting bomb.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Why was the Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima?
Answer:
to defeat Japan.

b) What was the achievement of the scientists in 1944?
Answer:
The Atom bomb was invented.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Who invented the Atom bomb?
i) The American scientists
ii) The German scientists
iii) The Russian scientists
iv) The French scientists
Answer:
i) The American scientists

d) Where was a big laboratory set up?
i) In America
ii) In Germany
iii) In France
iv) In Japan
Answer:
i) In America

e) When was the Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima?
i) in 1944
ii) in 1945
iii) At the beginning of the Second World War
iv) in 1946
Answer:
ii) in 1945

5. Read the following passage carefully.

Sharks have lived on earth for more than 180 million years. Although they live in all the oceans of the world, they are found mostly in sub-tropical and tropical waters. There are about 350 kinds of sharks. The largest sharks are the whale shark and the basking shark, which feed on plankton and small fish. The adult whale shark grows to about 13 metres long, while the basking shark extends a little over 8 metres. Most of the sharks are not ferocious. On the other hand, there are a number of sharks which have killed swimmers. These killer sharks include mako, the great hammerhead, lemon, blue and of course the great white shark. The great white shark is the largest and the most dangerous of all animals known to attack hu¬mans. It weighs more than 1,300 kilograms. It can swim through rough water also at a speed of 32 kilometres per hour. However, the fastest swimmer in the shark family is the blue shark, which can swim at a speed of nearly 72 kilometres per hour.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Name some killer sharks.
Answer:
Mako, the great hammerhead, lemon, blue and the great white shark are killer sharks.

b) Where are the sharks mostly found ?
Answer:
The sharks are mostly found in sub-tropical and tropical ocean waters.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Which shark is the most ferocious shark? ( )
i) The lemon shark
ii) The great white shark
iii) The mako shark
iv) The great hammerhead shark
Answer:
ii) The great white shark

d) What is the average speed of a white shark? ( )
i) 40 kilometres per hour
ii) 32 kilometres per hour
iii) 65 kilometres per hour
iv) 72 kilometres per hour
Answer:
ii) 32 kilometres per hour

e) What is the fastest swimmer in the shark family? ( )
i) The lemon shark
ii) The blue shark
iii) The white shark
iv) The mako shark
Answer:
ii) The blue shark

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. Read the following table showing fat soluble vitamins, their sources and deficiency diseases.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Name some sources of carotene.
Answer:
Carrots, sweet potato and spinach

b) What is the scientific name of vitamin D?
Answer:
Calciferol

c) Which vitamin deficiency causes infertility in men?
Answer:
Vitamin E

d) The deficiency of which vitamin causes defective coagulation of blood?
Answer:
Vitamin K

e) Write the names of fat soluble vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins A, D, E & K are fat soluble vitamins.

2. Study the following table.

List of Doctors in NRI Hospital, Guntur

Sl. No.	Name	Age	Specialisation	Native Place
1.	Ramesh	50	Cardiologist	Vijayawada
2.	Govind	52	Surgeon	Chittoor
3.	Latha	38	Gynaecologist	Guntur
4.	Mohan	44	Physician	Nellore
5.	Sindhu	28	Dentist	Ongole

Now answer the following questions.
a) Who is the youngest doctor of all?
Answer:
Sindhu is the youngest doctor of all.

b) Which doctor performs operations?
Answer:
Govind performs operations

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Sindhu treats the problems of ………….. ( )
i) heart
ii) teeth
iii) eyes
Answer:
ii) teeth

d) Who treats the problems of women? ( )
i) Latha
ii) Sindhu
iii) Ramesh
Answer:
i) Latha

e) Which of the following statements is true according to the data given in the table? ( )
i) Two doctors come from Guntur.
ii) Govind comes from Ongole.
iii) There is only one physician in the hospital.
Answer:
iii) There is only one physician in the hospital.

3. Read the following information of Murthy’s family.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Who is Latha?
Answer:
Latha is the wife of Murthy.

b) How many grandchildren does Murthy have?
Answer:
Murthy has five grandchildren.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Akhil is the son of ( )
i) Veena
ii) Swapna
iii) Bhagya
Answer:
iii) Bhagya

d) Aneesh and Ananya are: ( )
i) cousins
ii) brother and sister
iii) wife and husband
Answer:
ii) brother and sister

e) Which of the following is true with reference to the information given above? ( )
i) Surya has one daughter.
ii) Swapna and Veena are sisters.
iii) There are 13 members in the family.
Answer:
iii) There are 13 members in the family.

4. Study the following table given below. The table shows the average life span of some animals and birds.

Sl. No.	Name of the animal / bird	Average life span in years
1.	Asian Elephant	80
2.	African Elephant	70
3.	Dog	20
4.	Eagle	60
5.	Turtle	125
6.	Human beings	78
7.	Humming Bird	8
8.	Queen been	5

Now answer the following questions.
a) Which animal has the highest life span?
Answer:
Turtle has the highest life span.

b) What is the average life span of human beings?
Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
Answer:
78 years

c) The creatures which have less than 10 years of life span are ( )
i) Dog and eagle
ii) Asian elephant and African elephant
iii) Humming bird and queen bee
Answer:
iii) Humming bird and queen bee

d) The life span of an eagle is …… years. ( )
i) 70
ii) 80
iii) 60
Answer:
iii) 60

e) Which of the following statement is true as per the data? ( )
i) Human beings have less than that of the African elephant.
ii) The life span of the eagle is higher than that of the Asian elephant.
iii) The only animal which has more than a hundred years of life span is the turtle.
Answer:
iii) The only animal which has more than a hundred years of life span is the turtle.

5. Read the following pie chart showing the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

Now answer the following questions.
a) What does the above pie-chart show?
Answer:
The pie chart shows the percentage of distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

b) Of all the expenditures of publishing a book which costs maximum?
Answer:
Of all the expenditures of publishing a book the cost of the paper is maximum.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Which two expenditures cost the same? ( )
i) Paper cost and royalty
ii) Royalty and Binding
iii) Printing cost and Binding
Answer:
iii) Printing cost and Binding

d) The printing cost is equal to the sum of the following two expenditures ( )
i) Binding and Royalty
ii) Transport and Royalty
iii) Transport and promotion costs
Answer:
iii) Transport and promotion costs

e) Which of the following statements is true according to the pie-chart? ( )
i) Paper cost is more than the sum of printing and transport costs.
ii) Printing cost is more than the paper cost.
iii) Expenditure on transport is equal to the expenditure of promotion.
Answer:
iii) Expenditure on transport is equal to the expenditure of promotion.

6. Study the table carefully.

Percentage of sales of fruits in India in 2015

S.No.	Fruits	Percentage
1.	Apples	20%
2.	Mangoes	10%
3.	Bananas	50%
4.	Cherries	12%
5.	Guavas	8%

Now, answer Hie following questions.
a) What does the table represent?
Answer:
Percentage of sales of fruits in India in 2015

b) Which fruit do Indians eat the most?
Answer:
Bananas

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Which fruit has the least demand? ( )
i) Apples
ii) Guavas
iii) Bananas
Answer:
ii) Guavas

d) What is the % of difference between the sales of guavas and bananas? ( )
i) 8%
ii) 20%
iii) 42%
Answer:
iii) 42%

e) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
i) Indians do not eat guavas.
ii) Apples are not available in India.
iii) The banana is the best selling fruit.
Answer:
iii) The banana is the best selling fruit.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. In the lesson “The Town Mouse and The Country Mouse”
You have read the country mouse visited the town mouse. The country mouse could not spend his time happily in the town. He liked nothing in the town. He thought that there was ho peace in town life. He wanted to take leave of the town mouse.
Write the possible conversation between the village mouse and the town mouse. The conversation should have at least 5 exchanges.
Answer:
The Country Mouse: I’m very much thankful for your hospitality, my dear cousin. I want to take leave of you,
The Town Mouse: Why are you in hasty ? You’ve stayed here for only two days. I wont let you leave now. Stay here for a week.
The Country Mouse: My dear cousin. Thank you for your affection. But I have to go today itself.
The Town Mouse: What will you do by going there? Stay here some more time. Many worth seeing places are there in this town. I’ll show you them all if you stay some more days.
The Country Mouse: No. I can’t stay here for a minute at least.
The Town Mouse: Why can’t you stay here? Here you can have delicious, fruit juice, lemonade, air condition and so many comforts you can enjoy.
The Country Mouse: We are habituated to live with minimum needs. We can live with out all these comforts but we can not live without peace.
The Town Mouse: Only twice or thrice we have to run and hide for a day. The rest of time we can enjoy here.
The Country Mouse: Not only that, here you have a lot of noise and pollution. But in our village it is very calm. The environment is pure and fresh. We can be healthy here.
The Town Mouse: If it is so how can all the people live in the cities and towns? I have been living here since my birth. What happened to me?
The Country Mouse: It is because of this polluted atmosphere your health has been spoiled and you are advised to stay for some time in village. I cant stay here I’m going. Take care of you. Take care of your health.
The Town Mouse: Take care. Write a letter as soon as you reach village.

2. Imagine you were the town mouse.
Write a paragraph describing your feelings about your journey in the train.
Answer:
I had a lot of inconvenience in the train journey to Mouse Country. The train moved slowly. The day was bright and sunny and soon I began to feel hot in the train. The train was dreadful. It was an ordinary train. I felt terribly hot and thirsty. I wished there’was an air-conditioned coach. I felt very uncomfortable in the train.

3. You’ve read the lesson “The Country Mouse and The Town Mouse” and you have understood the sense of the lesson. People run after the city life. The glittering lights of the city, comforts of and opportunities of city life attract all the people to the city life. But there are so many things that make the city life impossible.
So write a letter to your friend describing him how the cities have become uninhabitable.
Answer:

Tenali.
22.4.20xx.

Dear Suneeth,

I’m doing very well here. I expect you are all fine and that you are also doing very well. What lesson is going for you in English. For us the first lesson ‘The Town Mouse and The Country Mouse’ has just been completed. There is a lot of message in that lesson. The lesson teachers us how the cities and cities have become uninhabitable (un-livable) these days. From the lesson we can understand that there is a lot of noisy and pollution in cities. Lakhs of vehicles and hundreds of factories emit out a lot of poisonous gases in towns and cities. Not only that the city life is not that much peaceful because of terroristic activities and other vulner-able conditions.

But unlike these uninhabitable conditions in the cities, villages are peaceful and calm. Though there are no comforts and luxuries in villages, there is a lot of peace and serenity in villages. In villages we can enjoy fresh and clean environment. People in villages are amiable, innocent and helpful. They are sympathetic with others. Hence I too feel that the villages are habitable in all respects.

I think the lesson has been completed for you. Write your feelings about the lesson. Please convey my regards to your parents and best wishes to your sister.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
E. Vineeth.
H.No.: 1-27-30/1,
Kothapet,
Tenali,
Guntur (dt).

4. You are the Town Mouse. On your doctor’s advise you have gone to the village to spend some days there. But you have felt the life in village is very difficult. There are no comforts and conveniences in village what you enjoy in city life. You have to go out searching for food.
Write a diary entry about your feelings of your stay in the village.
Answer:
The village life – a horrible experience

22.4.20xx (Friday),
Dear Diary,

Last week the doctor advised me to spend a week in the country because I had been suffering from cough. So I went to my cousin’s village. My cousin is an innocent man with a genuine love. 1 boarded a train. There began my difficulties. There was no an air-conditioned coach in the train. 1 felt terribly hot and thirsty. My cousin received me at the station. I asked for some cool drink either lemonade or an orange juice. But he offered me some water or coconut water. I eat delicious food such as bread and jam; different kinds of fruits, chocolate and cheese. But in the village I was offered roots and sugarcane. We had to go into the fields in search of food. There are no vehicles in the village. Village is very quiet. There are no glittering lights in the village. The life there is very slow. People are .uncivilised. At night I was asked to lie on the hard cold ground. There was no any kind of entertainment in the village – no TVs and radios. In the country the life is horrible. I was unable to adjust with it. So I returned to the town. And I have decided not to visit the village again in my life.

5. In the poem The Town Child, you have read about the feelings of a boy who lives in a town. Imagine that you were a town child. Describe your feelings as expressed in the poem.
Use the following hints to describe your feelings:
Live in a town – crowded roads – heavy traffic – buses, motors and trams – wish to have meadows – houses in a row in town – smoke is seen everywhere – do not like noise – wish to have woods very near – love the sky and the castles of clouds.
Answer:
I live in a town. The roads of our town are very much crowded. There is a heavy traffic on the roads of our town. The roads are always busy with buses, motors and trams. I wish our town had beautiful meadows and lambs.
The houses in our town are in a row. In our town smoke is seen everywhere. 1 don’t like the noise. I wish we had woods very near to our town. Sky is the only place in our town which has plenty of room. I love the sky and the castles of clouds.

6. In the poem The Country Child’ you have read about the feelings of a boy who lives in a village. Imagine that you were a country child. Describe your feelings as expressed in the poem.
Use the following hints to describe your feelings:
Live in a country – quiet streets -few children to play with – feels lonely for hours – tall trees – useful only for birds and flowers – no trams or vehicles – no twinkling streets – wishes to have streets full of wonderful colours and bright lights.
Answer:
I live in a country. The streets in our countryside are very quiet. We have only very few children to play with. I feel lonely for being alone for hours. There are tall trees in our country. They are useful only for birds and flowers. There are no trams and vehicles in our village. There are no twinkling streets in our village. 1 wish my village had full of wonderful colours and bright lights.

7. In the lesson The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse’ there is a description of town life and country life. Your school is celebrating ‘World Environment Day’. You wish to give a speech about the greatness of village life.
You can use the following hints and write a script for the speech:
Village life – peaceful – pure air – water – green trees -fruits – crops – songs of birds – innocent people – no pollution – no disturbing sounds from factories – vehicles – loud speakers – well connected to outside world – low cost of living – good for health.
Answer:
Respected teachers and my dear friends,
Good morning to everyone. Today on the occasion of ‘World Environment Day’ I would like to speak about the greatness of village life.
Village life, is very peaceful. Air is pure. Water is pure and plenty in villages. There is no water scarcity. There are green trees everywhere. We can have different types of fruits. Differ¬ent types of crops are grown in villages. People are innocent. There is no pollution in villages. There are no disturbing sounds from factories, vehicles and loudspeakers. Villages are well connected to outside world. Cost of living in villages is very low. Village life is good for health. Thank you one and all for giving me this opportunity.

8. In the lesson The Town Mouse and Country Mouse’, you have read about the feelings of the country mouse when it visited the town. There were different food . items in the cupboard.
Write a description of the Country Mouse when it saw the food items in kitchen. Include the details of kitchen cupboard.
Use the following hints to describe the feelings.
Bread and jam, fruits, chocolate, piece of lovely cheese and others.
Answer:
The house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard was full of most delicious food. Different kinds of food items in large amounts are there in his house. There was bread and jam; different kinds of fruits : slabs of chocolate and a huge piece of lovely cheese. The town mouse proudly offered all these items to the country mouse and asked him to eat as much as he wanted. The country mouse was surprised when he saw the food items in the kitchen. Someone opened the cupboard door. The town mouse and the country mouse had to run for safety. The country mouse got tired of running and hiding. He could eat nothing.

9. In the lesson The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse’, you have read about the feelings of the Town Mouse who lives in a town. He does not get his favourite food. It is very hot outside. He does not get even drinks like lemonade. Imagine that you were a town mouse. Describe your feelings as expressed in the context.
Use the following hints to describe your feelings: very hot – no lemonade- no orange juice – only coconut water – sugar cane and roots – wish to go back to town.
Answer:
My visit to Mouse Country is a horrible experience. It was very hot outside in the village. I could not get even drinks like lemonade or orange juice. My cousin offered me some water or coconut water. I eat delicious food such as bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, chocolate and cheese. But in the village I was offered roots and sugarcane. We had to go into the fields in search of food. Village life was very quiet. There were no vehicles in the village. There were no glittering lights. There was no any kind of entertainment in the village. So I returned to the town.

10. You must have read the lesson “The New Blue Dress” It is about how one can fascinate the people about the cleanliness and hygiene. Initiated by a school teacher the people of Gates Avenue got influenced and tried to improve hygiene in their locality. On seeing them ‘clean up’ campaigns were organised in whole city to make it clean.
In our country also our Prime Minister initiated the clean India (Swatchch Bharat) programme. You must have read about it. You must have also partici¬pated in Swatchch Bharat programmes organised by your school. Write a report on Swatchch Bharat that is organised in your school.
Answer:
Swatchch Bharat in Municipal Boy’s High School, Tenali
Tenali.
21.4.20xx.
Responding to the call of the our honourable Prime Minister Swatchch Bharat is organised . by the Municipal Boys High School, Tenali. The programme was started with a small meeting. The M.R.O of Tenali presided over the meeting. The local M.L.A and the R.D.O were the chief guests. The chief guests stressed the need of cleanliness in their speeches. They taught about the need to maintain basic hygiene and sanitation in schools, in their surroundings and in all over the city. Later all the students cleaned their classrooms, whole campus and cleaned their ‘ toilets and removed the filth from the school compound. Teachers, leaders and even the M.L.A, M.R.O, and R.D.O participated in cleaning programme. M.L.A made all the students and teachers swear to keep their surroundings of school always clean. A march was organised and it was led by the M.L.A. All the children gave slogans “Cleanliness is next to godliness”, “Health is wealth” and “Cleanliness brings dignity to people, and the country”’ The programme ended with all the children forming a human chain at Sivaji Chowk. The programme ended with the singing of the national anthem Jana Gana Mana”.

11. You are going to celebrate your birthday next Saturday You want to celebrate it in grandscale at your house. 1-7-2/A; Malladivari Street; Nazer pet, Tenali.
Write a letter to your friend inviting him to the celebration.
Answer:

Tenali.
25. 4. 20xx.

Hello Prasanna,
I think this letter finds all of you in best of health and spirits. Ail of us are doing fine here. It has been a very long time since we met or write to each other. So I thought of penning down a few lines to check things with you. In addition to that I would like to invite you for my birthday celebrations.
I am going to celebrate my 12th birthday on the Friday next. I want to celebrate it in grandscale inviting all the friends and relatives. My parents planned to celebrate it at my home itself. I shall be very pleased if you attend my birthday party along with your parents and your little brother, Chintu. On the pretext of my birthday we can meet each other and enjoy ourselves of the functions.
Convey my regards to your parents and my wishes to your brother.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope :
To
M. Kiran,
S/O. RS.R. Anjaneyulu,
1-27-30/1,
Near Balaji Temple,
Kothapet,
Vijayawada.

3. ‘Ammaku Vandanam’ programme was recently celebrated in your school. All the mothers of the school students were invited to the school. Your village Sarpanch also attended the programme. Mothers were felicitated by the students. The students honoured their mothers with flowers, garlands and shawls. They took selfies and group photos with their mothers and friends. All the teachers participated in the programme. The whole programme was very colourful.
Now, write a letter to your friend describing the programme ‘Ammaku Vandanam’ programme celebrated in your school.
Answer:

Tenali.
12-3-xx.

Dear friend,
We are all fine here. 1 hope the same with yop. I am doing very well here. I hope you are , also doing well there. In this letter I would like to describe you about ‘Ammaku Vandanam” programme celebreated in our school.
Last Friday ‘Ammaku Vandanam’ programme was celebrated in our school. All the mothers of the school students were invited to the school. Our village Sarpanch also attended the programme. Mothers were felicitated by the students. The students honoured their mothers by offering flowers, garlands and shawls. We took selfies and group photos with our mothers and friends. All the teachers participated in the programme. The whole programme was very colourful. We were all very happy for participating in the programme. With this programme we were able to thank our mothers by worshipping them.
Convey my regards to your parents and my wishes to your little sister. In your next letter describe how Ammaku Vandanam was celebrated in your school.

Yours lovingly,
xxxx

Addres on the Envelope:
To
xxxxxxx
S/o Rama Rao, K.
H.No: 7-95/A,
Church Street,
Ambedkar Nagar,
Vemuru.
Guntur (Dist).

Write a story using the following hints.
a) A crow – lives on a tree – felt like drinking water – found a pot – went to the pot – level of water low – crow not able to reach – crow picked small stones – dropped one by one – slowly – the level came up – the crow drank water.
Answer:
It was a very hot day. The sun was shining hot. A crow who lived on a tree was thirsty. It searched for water here and there. But it could not find water anywhere. She found a pot under a tree. There was very little water in it. Its beak could not reach the water. It found some small stones nearby. The crow brought them and dropped them into the pot one by one. The water level raised slowly. It drank water to its full and flew away.

b) A Farmer – lives in a village – happy – with wife and a little child – domesticates a mangoose – faithful – boy – plays with it – farmer’s wife – goes to fetch water – asks mangoose to take care – boy falls asleep – a snake enters – creeps towards the boy – mangoose – springs on the snake – kills it – mother – comes back – understands – what has happened – very happy – pats the mangoose thankfully.
Answer:
Once there lived a farmer in a village. He lived happily with his wife and a little child. He domesticated a mangoose. It was a very faithful animal. The little boy used to play with the mangoose.
One day the farmer’s wife went away to fetch water. The boy was playing with the mangoose. Mother asked the mangoose to take care of the boy. After a while the boy fell asleep. The mangoose was watching the boy. Then a snake entered the house. It was creeping towards the little boy. At once the mangoose sprang on the snake and killed it. Mother came back after a while. She understood what had happened. She was very happy because the mangoose , saved the boy from the danger. She patted the mangoose thankfully.

c) Two boys – go to the zoo – watch the animals – enjoy themselves – delighted – the playing monkeys – frighten – the tiger roar – huge elephant – feel thirsty – drink water – steps forward
– boys – mischievous – tease elephant – drink to its full – zoo keeper – brings water – elephant drinks – blows water – teasing boys – become wet and cry – not to tease or harm.
Answer:
Two boys went to the zc|p on a Sunday. They enjoyed themselves by watching all the animals at a place. They were very much delighted to see the playing monkeys. They were a little frightened when the tiger roared in the cage. Then they saw the huge elephant. They felt thirsty and began to drink water. The elephant stepped forward as if it too wanted to drink water. They turned to be mischievous and teased the elephant. The zoo keeper brought some water in a. bucket. The elephant drank to its full. At once the elephant blew out water on the teasing boys. They became wet and they began to cry.
So we should not tease or harm the animals for fun.

d) Once – a hunter – good at hunting – places net – catch birds – doves caught in the net – every dove – tries to free – in vain – crow sees – crow – a symbol of unity – crow – flies down – advises – to make a united effort – fly away – carry the net with them.
Answer:
Once there was a hunter. He was good at hunting birds. One day as usual, he placed a net for catching birds. After some time a group of doves were caught in the net. Every dove tried to free himself but in vain. A crow saw this. Crow was a symbol of unity. Unlike the dogs, the crows are always united. The crow then flew-down to the doves and advised them to make a united effort and fly away. They flew away carrying the net with him.
Moral: Unity is strength.

5. Look at the following details and write a biographical sketch of M.S. Dhoni.
Name: Mahendra Sìngh Dhoni.
Birth on: 7th July 1981, Ranchi, Bihar.
Education: DAV, Jawthar Vìdya Mandir.
Other Interests: Football and badminton.
Achievements: ICC, ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009; Rajiv Gandhi Khel Rama Award: Padma Sri -2009; Padma Bhushan -2018.
Answer:
Mahendra Singh Dhoni is the famous Indian cricketer. He was born on 7th July 1981 at Ranchi, Bihar. He had his education in DAV, Jawahar Vidya Mandir. His other interests are football and badminton. There are so many achievements on his name. He was declared ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 by ICC. He was given Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award. He was honoured with Padma Sri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018.

Vocabulary

Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.

1. celebration, village, lovingly, sick, a day of rest, friendly

Dear cousin,
I have been ill (a) with a cough and my doctor feels I need a holiday (b). He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside (c). May I stay with you? Please give me an early reply.
With warm regards,

Yours affectionately (d)
Town Mouse

Answer:
a) sick
b) a day of rest
c) village
d) lovingly

2. very badly, terrible, protested, moved, moaned, drank

However there was something he could do about it. So, he grumbled (a) to himself while the train chugged (b) slowly into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station. “Oh, cousin”, the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train.” The train was dreadful (c), I feel terribly (d) hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to drink at home”
Answer:
a) protested
b) moved
c) terrible
d) very badly

3. uncooked, soft, fear, surprised, young, worried

“Coconut water ?” asked the town mouse in horror, (a) “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade ?”
“I’m afraid not”, replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice piece of root today and a tender (b) bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy that.”
“Root ? Sugar-cane ? ” the town mouse exclaimed (c).
“But I don’t eat raw (d) food like that.”
Answer:
a) fear
b) soft
c) surprised
d) uncooked

4. almirah, fresh, tasty, safe, a lot of, pain

But the country mouse did not like it at all. “That the noise has made my head ache. (a)”he said. “Could I have some water to drink?” “Why only water?” said the town mouse. “Look at what there is for you – ice cold lemonade, orange juice … which one do you want?”
“Just some water,” answered the country mouse. “Some water and a little bit of food.”
“I have plenty (b) of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proudly. “You can eat as much as you like.”
Sure enough, the house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard (c) was full of most delicious (d) food.
Answer:
a) pain
b) a lot of
c) almirah
d) tasty

5. beautiful, quiet, completely, enjoyable, very big, happy

There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, slabs of chocolate and a huge (a) piece of lovely (b) cheese.
“Eat, cousin, eat,” said the town mouse. But just then, there was a sound like a thunder and the town mouse shouted. “Run, cousin, run, run.”
The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a hole in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart beating very fast, “But what is it?” he asked.
“Sssh….” whispered the town mouse. “Wait”.
When everything was silent (c) again, the town mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite (d) cheerful (e) again.
Answer:
a) very big
b) enjoyable
c) quiet
d) completely
e) happy

6. a twisted piece of metal; unattractive ; a street; beautiful, impure ; the season between winter and summer

When spring (a) came to the city of Cleveland in 1909, it did not change Gates Avenue (b). People who lived on the pretty (c) streets near Gates Avenue were making gardens and painting their houses. But Gates Avenue continued to look dirty and ugly (d).
Answer:
a) the season between winter and summer
b) street
c) beautiful
d) unattractive

7. worried ; dirty ; clean ; bad; sad; mannerly

Her teacher was very unhappy, (a) The little girl was so nice! (b) She always worked hard in school; she was always friendly and polite (c). Her face was dirty and her hair was untidy (d), but anyone could see that she was pretty under the dirt.
Answer:
a) sad
b)good
c) mannerly
d) dirty

8. surprised, worried; thrill, neat and clean, shy, sad

The next morning she came to school in the new blue dress, and she was very clean and tidy (a). She told her teacher, “My mother couldn’t believe her eyes when she saw me this morning in my new dress. My father wasn’t at home, but he’ll see me at supper tonight.” She was full of excitement (b).
When her father saw her in her new blue dress, he was amazed (c) to find that he had a very pretty little girl. When the family ate supper, he was even more amazed to see a cloth on the kitchen table, The family had never used a table cloth before. “We’re going to begin to be tidier here,” his wife said. “I’m ashamed (d) to be dirty when our daughter is so clean.”
Answer:
a) neat and clean
b) thrill
c) surprised
d)shy

9. have the right to ; drive ; respectable ; establish ; movement; needed

“People who are trying so hard to make decent (a) homes here deserve (b) help,” the minister thought. He asked some important citizens in the city to help them.
When people in other citizens heard the story of Gates Avenue, they began to organise (c) their own clean up campaigns (d).
Answer:
a) respectable
b) have the right to
c) established
d) drive

Read the following paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.

1. I have been ill (a) with a cough and my doctor feels I need a holiday, (b) He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside (c). May I stay with you ? Please give me an early (d) reply.
Answer:
a) well
b) working day
c) city
d) late

2. Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright (a) and sunny and soon the town mouse began (b) to feel hot (c) in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable (d) here”.
Answer:
a) dull
b) finished
c) cold
d) comfortable

3. “Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in horror, (a) “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade?”
“I am afraid not,” replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice (b) piece of root today and a tender (c) bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy (d) that.”
Answer:
a) pleasure
b) bad
c) tough
d) hate

4. “As the town mouse lay down on the hard (a), cold (b) ground, he suddenly (c) thought of something. “Cousin,” he called out.
“Yes, what is it?” the country mouse asked.
“Why is it so quiet (d) here? Where are all the cars and lorries? Where are the radios and the televisions? Where are all the lights?”
Answer:
a) soft
b) hot
c) gradually
d) noisy

5. “Oh! Is it? The country is a strange (a) place,” said the town mouse. But he said to himself, “I don’t think I like (b) this place.”
Next (c) morning, the town mouse found that there was no breakfast ready. His cousin told him that they had to go to the nearby (d) farm to search for food.
Answer:
a) familiar
b) dislike
c) previous
d) far away

6. I hope (a) you are well. I am worried about you. I would like to visit you and make sure (b) you are alright (c) with love (d).
Answer:
a) despair
b) doubtful
c) sick
d) hatred

7. A few days later, the country mouse arrived (a) in the town. He was surprised (b) by the noise (c) and the lights.
“Why are there lights even in the middle of the night?” he asked.
“This is the town,” his cousin replied. “Here, there are lights even in the middle of the day.”
“And what is this dreadful (d) noise that never stops?” asked the country mouse.
Answer:
a) departed
b) unsurprised
c) silence
d) pleasant

8. “I have plenty (a) of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proudly, (b) “You can eat as much as you like.”
Sure enough, the house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard was full of most delicious (c) food.
There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, slabs of chocolate and a huge (d) piece of lovely cheese.
Answer:
a) scarcity
b) modestly
c) distasteful
d) tiny

9. When everything was silent (a) again, the town mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite cheerful (b) again.
“Come out now, cousin,” he said. “That was only somebody opening (c) the cupboard door. We are safe (d) now.”
Answer:
a) noisy
b) gloomy
c) closing
d) unsafe

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.

1. ——– (Receive/Receiving) (a) the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the ——– (countryside/country) (b). The day was bright and ——– (sun/sunny) (c) and soon the town mouse began to feel ——– (hot/ heat) (d) in the train.
Answer:
a) Receiving
b) countryside
c) sunny
d) hot

2. However, there was nothing he could do about it so, he grumbled to himself while the train chugged ——– (slowly/slow) (a) into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station.
“Oh, cousin”, the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train. ‘The train was ——– (dread/dreadful) (b), I feel ——– (terrible/terribly) (c) hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to ——– (drinking/drink) (d) at home.
Answer:
a) slowly
b) dreadful
c) terribly
d) drink

3. The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a hole in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart ——– (beat/beating) (a) very fast. “But what is it?” he asked.
“Sssh ” whispered the town mouse, “wait”.
When everything was ——– (silently/silent) (b) again, the twon mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite ——– (cheerful/cheer) (c) again.
“Come out now, cousin” he said,” That was only some body ——– (open/opening) (d) the cup board door. We are safe now.
Answer:
a) beating
b) silent
c) cheerful
d) opening

4. But they were not safe for very long. Twice more, they had to ——– (running/run) (a) for ——– (safety/safe) (b) when somebody opened the cupboard door.
The country mouse was ——– (tire/tired) (c) of running and ——– (hide/hiding) (d).
Answer:
a) run
b) safety
c) tired
d) hiding

5. When people in other places heard the story of Gates Avenue, they began to ——– (organization/organize) (a) their own ——– (cleanly/clean) (b) up campaigns. Since 1913, more than seven thousand towns and cities have organised campaigns for ——– (paint/painting) (c) and repairing homes and making better lives for the people who ——– (live/lived) (d) in them.
Answer:
a) organise
b) clean
c) painting
d) live

6. The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a ——– (whole / hole) (a) in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart beating very fast. “But what is it?” he asked “Sssh ….” whispered the town mouse.” ——– (Weight/Wait) (b).
Answer:
a) hole
b) Wait

Complete the following words using ai, ae, ea, ee, ei, ie,io, oi, oo, ou, ui.

1. The town (a) m _ _ se and the country mouse were (b) c _ _ sins.
2. (a) Pl _ _ se give me an (b) _ _ rly reply.
3. The day was bright and sunny and (a) s _ _ n the town mouse began to feel hot in the (b) tr _ _ n.
4. “I wish there was an (a) air-condit _ _ ned (b) c _ _ ch.” I (c) f _ _ l very uncomfortable here.
5. “I (a) f _ _ nd a very nice piece of (b) r _ _ t today.”
6. “(a) R _ _ t ? Sugarcane ?” the town mouse (b) excl _ _ med.
7. The country mouse was (a) w _ _ ting at the (b) stat _ _ n.
8. “I don’t (a) _ _ t raw (b) f _ _ d like that.”
9. “Do I have to (a) sl _ _ p on the gr _ _ nd ?”
10. “Why is it so (a) q _ _ et here ? Where are all the cars and (b) lorr _ _ s ?”
11. “Where are the (a) rad _ _ s and the (b) televis _ _ ns ?”
12. His cousin told him that they had to go to the (a) n _ _ rby farm to (b) s _ _ rch for food.
13. “And what is this (a) dr _ _ dful (b) n _ _ se that never stops ?”
14. The town mouse (a) rec _ _ ved the letter and (b) r _ _ d it.
15. He was (a) q _ _ te (b) ch _ _ rful again.
16. They had to run for safety when somebody opened the (a) cupb_ _ rd (b) d _ _ r.
Answer:
1. a) mouse b) cousins
2. a) please b) early
3. a) soon b) train
4. a) air-conditioned b)coach c) feel
5. a) found b) root
6. a) Root b) exclaimed
7. a) waiting b) station
8. a) eat b) food
9. a) sleep b) ground
10. a) quiet b) lorries
11. a) radios b) televisions
12. a) nearby b) search
13. a) dread ful b) noise
14. a) received b) read
15. a) quite b) cheerful
16. a) cupboard b) door

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1. (a) Receiv ——–(eing/ing) the (b) invita ——– (tion/ssion) from the country mouse, the town mouse left for the countryside.
2. (a) I feel very uncomfort ——– (ible/able) here.
(b) Sometimes it is quiet ——– (er/or) than today.
3. “The train was (a) dread ——– (full/ful), I feel terribly hot and (b) thirst ——– (y/ty).”
4. “I have (a) sudden ——– (ly/lly) remembered that I have (b) forgo ——– (ten/tten) something.
5. (a) He sent a tele ——– (grame/gram) to the country mouse.
(b) “I have plenty of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proud ——– (ley/ly).”
6. (a) There was bread and jam, differ ——– (ent/ant) kinds of fruits, etc.
(b) The country mouse felt his heart beat ——– (ting/ing) very fast.
7. (a) He was quite cheer ——– (full/ful) again.
(b)They had to run for safe ——– (ty/ly).
Answer:
1. a) Receiving b) invitation
2. a) uncomfortable b) quieter
3. a) dreadful b) thirsty
4. a) suddenly b) forgotten
5. a) telegram b) proudly
6. a) different b) beating
7. a) cheerful b) safety

c) Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling.

a) i) countriside; cousin; cupboard; affectionate
ii) recieve; believe; invitation; peace
b) i) condition; permition; invitation; passion
ii) dreadfull; houseful; full; goodwill
c) i) surpraise; suddenly; aeroplane; whispered,
ii) lemonade ; thunder; answer; delicous
d) i) traffic; country; cusin; mouse
ii) cheerfull; mouthful; plateful; beautiful
e) i) noice; voice ; piece ; peace
ii) vigit; vigil; rigid ; begin
iii) lemonade; gremble; traffic; receive
Answer:
a) i) countryside
ii) receive
b) i) permission
ii) dreadful
c) i) surprise
ii) delicious
d) i) cousin
ii) cheerful
e) i) noise
ii) visit
iii) grumble

I. Put the following words under correct headings.

A.

Answer:

Places	Things
1)   town 2)   village 3)   station 4)    mouse hole	1)  bag 2)  cupboard 3)  radio 4)  television

B.

Answer:

Drinks	Food
1)   water 2)   coconut water 3)    lemonade 4)   juice	1)  bread 2)  fruits 3)  chocolate 4)  cheese

C.

Answer:

Country food	Town food
1)   root 2)   sugarcane 3)    coconut water 4)   nuts	1)  cheese 2)  bread 3)  chocolate 4)  jam

D.

Answer:

Things related	Thing related
to country life	to city life
1) peace	1) radios
2) quiet	2) noise
3) silent	3) traffic
4) safety	4) lights

E.

Answer:

Things related to transmit information	Things related to travel
1) radio	1) cars
2) letter	2) buses
3) telegram	3) lorries
,4) television	4) trains

F.

Answer:

Adjectives	Adverbs
1)   lovely 2)   huge 3)   dreadful 4)   bright	1) proudly 2)  suddenly 3)  terribly 4)  affectionately

II. Choose one word from each set, in any order, to make any two compound nouns.
One is done for you.

Set – A                                         Set – B
(birth, sea, dragon, worm) (fly, day, earth, gull) Ex: birthday
Choose one word from each set to make compound noun.
Answer:
1. birthday 2. seagull 3. dragonfly 4. earthworm

I. Write meaningful sentences using the words given below.

a) i) often:
ii) need:
b) i) early:
ii) soon:
c) i) wish:
ii) however:
d) i) terribly:
ii) nearby:
e) i) later:
ii) plenty:
f) i) lovely:
ii) quite:
g) i) much:
ii) each other:
h) i) probably:
ii) still:
Answer:
a) i) He often goes to pictures.
ii) You need not come to school tomorrow.
b) i) He is in his early twenties.
ii) We’ll be home very soon.
c) i) I wish I had a car.
ii) However you look at it it’s going to cost a lot.
d) i) I was terribly upset when I heard that news.
ii) My uncle works in a nearby town.
e) i) See you later.
ii) I have a plenty of cheese. Do you want to have some?
f) i) She has a lovely voice.
ii) He plays quite well.
g) i) I don’t have much money with me.
ii) They looked each other and laughed.
h) i) Probably you are right.
ii) Do you still live at the same address?

II. Write the other forms of the following adjectives.

1.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) small	smaller	smallest
ii) bright	brighter	brightest

2.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) rich	richer	richest
ii) clever	cleverer	cleverest

3.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) useful	more useful	most useful
ii) tall	taller	tallest

4.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful
ii) interested	more interested	most interested

5.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) doubtful	more doubtful	most doubtful
ii) precious	more precious	most precious

6.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) delicious	more delicious	most delicious
ii) dreadful	more dreadful	most dreadful

7.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) cheerful	more cheerful	most cheerful
ii) much	more	most

8.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) good	better	best
ii) bad	worse	worst

9.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) far	farther	farthest
ii) little	less	least

III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate phrases.

(crushed to death, nest of, homes of, swarm of, herd of)
Long time ago there lived a ——– (i) mice under a tree peacefully. One day a ——– (ii) of elephants in search of water came that way and destroyed the ——– (iii) of the rats and many of them were ——– (iv).
Answer:
i) nest of
ii) herd
iii) homes
iv) crushed to death

Grammar

Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. Speech is a great blessing, and (a) it can also be an (b) great – curse, for it helped (c) us to make our intentions and desires knowing (d) to our friends.
2. Once upon a time there lived a king in central India. He is (a) handsome and (b) very vain. He looked after (c) himself constantly in mirrors, in pools of water even in other people’s eyes when they spoke to him.
“I am the handsomest (d) king on earth” he said to his courtiers.
3. The green cells of leaves are wonderful little laboratories, there (a) all the starch in the world is produced. Since starch forms a (b) important part of the food of men and animals, their life depend (c) on the work done by the green cells of plants. Thus trees are such great friends to (d) man.
4. Deforestation in a (a) Himalayas have become (b) major ecological problem. Its results are felt not only in the hill regions and (c) hundreds of miles downstream in the Ganges plain, who (d) feeds and waters about one – third of India’s 840 million people.
5. Fourteen hundred years ago, a great traveller of (a) China has come (b) to India in search of wisdom or (c) knowledge. He spent many years in India. Huen Tsang was given the title “Master of Law” of a (d) Buddha.
6. Sardar Vallabhai Patel know (a) as “An (b) Iron Man of India”. He was, no doubt, the (c) iron man in the sense that one could rely for (d) him for strict and efficient administration.
Answer:
1. a) but
b) a
c) helps
d) known

2. a) was
b) but
c) at
d) most handsome

3. a) where
b) an
c) depends
d) of

4. a) the
b) has become
c) but
d) which

5. a) from
b) came
c) and
d) the

6. a) is known
b) The
c) an
d) on

Grammar

Complete the passage choosing the right words from those given below. Each blank in numbered and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) in the blanks.

1. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ——– (1) born in ——– (2) middle-class Tamil family in the island town ——– (3) Rameswaram. He was a short boy with rather ordinary looks ——– (4) his parents were tall and handsome. His father was neither highly educated nor very rich.
1. A) is         B) was             C) being           D) were
2. A) one     B) the              C) a                  D) an
3. A) of        B) near            C) by                D) off
4. A) and     B) if                 C) though        D) but
Answer:
1 – B
2 – C
3 – A
4 – D

2. Ramesh ——– (1) Mohan went ——– (2) the cinema on Saturday ——– (3) was a long queue. It was a cold evening and they ——– (4) to stand in the queue for nearly an hour.
1. A) or         B) and         C) but        D) so
2. A) to         B) for           C) by         D) into
3. A) Their    B) There       C) They     D) The
4. A) have     B) had         C) has        D) will Nave
Answer:
1 – B
2 – A
3 – B
4 – B

3. Lai Bahadur Shastri ——– (1) born on 2nd October, 1904 ——– (2) Mogul Sarai ——– (3) Varanasi. His father was ——– (4) ordinary teacher and died when he was below two years of age.
1. A) is         B) was           C) are       D) were
2. A) at        B) in              C) from     D) on
3. A) of        B) from         C) in          D) at
4. A) the      B) an             C) a           D) one
Answer:
1 – B
2 – A
3 – C
4 – B

4. One day a Brahmin was walking ——– (1) a forest ——– (2) suddenly he ——– (3) someone crying out for help. He ——– (4) in the direction of the sound and came upon a well that was dried up.
1. A) by          B) through          C) in           D) from
2. A) or           B) through          C) when     D) but
3. A) heard     B) hear                C) hears     D) hearing
4. A) go          B) went               C) goes      D) going
Answer:
1 – B
2 – C
3 – A
4 – B

5. There ——– (1) two very long rivers in the United States of America. They are the Missouri ——– (2) is roughly 3,000 kms. long, and the Mississippi, which is ——– (3) 2,500 kms long. Along the way the Missouri ——–(4) the Mississippi and the two then flow together as one river.
1. A) is             B) are        C) was        D) were
2. A) which      B) who      C) that        D) what
3. A) nearly      B) about   C) above     D) over
4. A) joined      B) join      C) joins       D) joining
Answer:
1 – B
2 – A
3 – B
4 – C

A. Write the other forms of the following verbs.

1.

Present tense	Past tense
i) catch	i) caught
ii) begin	ii) began

2.

Present tense	Past tense
i) feel	i) felt
ii) is	ii) was

3.

Present tense	Past tense
i) have	i) had
ii) at	ii) ate

4.

Present tense	Past tense
i) enjoy	i) enjoyed
ii) do	ii) did

5.

Present tense	Past tense
i) show	i) showed
ii) know	ii) knew

6.

Present tense	Past tense
i) sleep	i) slept
ii) think	ii) thought

7.

Present tense	Past tense
i) find	i) found
ii) forget	ii) forgot

8.

Present tense	Pest tense
i) write	i) wrote
ii) send	i) sent

9.

Present tense
i) say	i) said
ii) make	ii) made

10.

Present tense	Past tense
i) creep	i) crept
ii) go	ii) went

B. Choose the right answers.

Read the following sentences and say what they mean. Choose the right answer from the choices given.

1. May I come in, Sir? ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(b) taking permission

2. It may rain today. ( )
a) Expressing possibility
b) Making an offer
c) Giving permission
Answer:
a) Expressing possibility

3. Sindhu may come to India next month. ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(c) expressing possibility

4. You may use my cell phone if you need. ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(a) giving permission

5. Can I take leave of you? ( )
(a) taking permission in a formal way
(b) taking permission in an informal way
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(b) taking permission in an informal way

6. The dog may attack you if you run. ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(c) expressing possibility

7. You may use my camera if you need, ( )
a) taking permission
b) giving permission
c) expressing possibility
Answer:
b) giving permission

8. It may rain this evening. ( )
a) asking for help
b) expressing inability
c) expressing possibility
Answer:
c) expressing possibility

9. May I leave the class now? ( )
a) taking permission in a formal way
b) taking permission in an informal way
c) expressing ability
Answer:
a) taking permission in a formal way

10. Tomorrow may be a holiday on account of heavy rains. ( )
a) giving permission
b) taking permission
c) expressing possibility
Answer:
c) expressing possibility

11. Sheela can speak Tamil. ( )
a) taking permission in a formal way
b) taking permission in an informal way
c) expressing ability
Answer:
c) expressing ability

2) i) Rewrite the following sentences as directed.

1. The boy seems to cry if you do not buy an ice-cream for him. (Express this using ‘may’.)
2. You can use my camera if you need. (Give permission using ‘may’.)
3. He seems to be a nice man. (Express this possibility using‘may’.)
4. You want to leave the class now. (Take permission using ‘may’.)
5. Raju wants to use your water bottle. (Give permission using‘may’.)
Answer:
1. The boy may cry if you do not buy an ice cream.
2. You may use my camera.
3. He may be a nice man.
4. May I leave the class now ?
5. Raju may use your water bottle.

ii) Read the following sentences. Rewrite them in a sentence using ‘may’.
6. You can use my pen if needed.
7. Somu will come to India next month.
Answer:
6. You may use my pen.
7. Somu may come to India next month.

C. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.

Exercise – 1

1. Do you take ——– sugar in ——–, coffee?
1) a, none
2) an, the
3) the, a
4) none

2. He had ——– alibi.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. You will get ——– shock if you touch the wire.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. He is ——– vegetarian. You won’t get ——– meat at his house.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) a, none
4) the, none

5. I have ——– hour and ——– half for lunch.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) the, none
4) an, a

6. ——– Nile is a long river.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

7. He has been suffering for ——– last two days.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. We must attend up on ——– sick.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. ——– knowledge of Macaulay is good.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

10. ——– writing of that man is good.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None
Answers:
1) 1
2) 2
3) 1
4) 3
5) 4
6) 3
7) 3
8) 3
9) 3
10) 3

Exercise – 2

1. ——– man is ——– reasoning animal.
1) A, an
2) An, the
3) The, none
4) None, a

2. I have ——– little money left.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. I will pay you ——– hundred in ——– week.
1) a, a
2) an, the
3) the, the
4) the, a

4. I had ——– amazing experience last night.
l)a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. You mean you had ——– nightmare.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. This is ——– only medicine available.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. He called me from ——– distance.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. I am in ——– hurry.
l) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. He goes for ——– walk.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. They went to ——– church to see its architecture
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 4
2) 1
3) 1
4) 2
5) 1
6) 3
7) 1
8) 1
9) 1
10) 3

Exercise – 3

1. I see your house is built of ——– wood.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

2. I want ——– assistant with ——–knowledge of French.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) a, the
4) an, none

3. It is time you had ——– holiday. You haven’t had ——– day off for ——– month.
1) a, a, a
2) an, an, an
3) the, a, an
4) the, the, the

4. He broke ——– leg in skying accident.
1) a, the
2) an, the
3) the,a
4) none

5. I am having ——– few friends.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. Many ——– fool thinks he is wise.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. My brother is ——– engineer.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. He came by ——– train which was derailed.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. ——– gold chain is mine.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

10. Like many women she loves ——– tea parties and ——–.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) the, a
4) none, none
Answers:
1) 4
2) 2
3) 1
4) 1
5) 1
6) 1
7) 2
8) 3
9) 3
10) 4

Exercise – 4

1. Few people know that there is ——– secret.
1) A, an
2) An, the
3) A, a
4) The, the

2. ——– Mr. John called while you were out.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. I have ——– headache and ——– sore throat.
1) a, a
2) an, a
3) the, a
4) none, a

4. I hope you have ——– lovely time.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. I only have ——– half ——– hour barley.
1) a, an
2) an, none
3) a, none
4) none, an

6. There was ——– knock on ——– door.
1) a, a
2) an, the
3) a, the
4) the, a

7. He was ——– employee of ——– gas company.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) the, an
4) none

8. I had ——– suspicion that he wasn’t speaking.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. There was ——– leak in ——– gas pipe.
1) a, the
2) an, the
3) the, a
4) none

10. I said in ——– surprise.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 1
3) 1
4) 1
5) 1
6) 3
7) 2
8) 1
9) 1
10) 1

Exercise – 5

1. Then you are not ——– worker, you are ——– capitalist.
1) a, a
2) an, a
3) the, a
4) a, the

2. Let us ask him for ——– advice.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. ——– travel agent would give you ——– Information.
1) A, none
2) An, none
3) The, none
4) None, a

4. I can write ——– cheque for fifty five ——– and ——– half pence.
1) a, none, a
2) an, none, an
3) a, none, the
4) none, a, a

5. Her eldest bro is at ——– college.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. I can’t remember ——– date of ——– storm.
1) a, a
2) an, an
3) the, the
4) a, the

7. ——– apples are sold by ——– pound.
1) A, none
2) An, a
3) A, an
4) None, a

8. It is quite ——– nice house.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. We are going to tea with ——– Smiths today.
1) a, none
2) none, the
3) the, none
4) an, none

10. He got ——– job in ——– south.
1) a, the
2) an, the
3) the, a
4)none
Answers:
1) 1
2) 4
3) 3
4) 1
5) 1
6) 3
7) 4
8) 1
9) 2
10) 1

Exercise – 6

1. ——– book you want is out of print.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

2. At last ——– warrior in him was aroused.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. This is ——– best book.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. He was ——– first man to arrive.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. He can play ——– flute.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. I first met him ——– year ago.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. Yesterday ——– European called at my office.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. The guide knows ——– way.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. Ceylon is ——– island.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. Let us discuss ——– matter.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 3
3) 3
4) 3
5) 3
6) 1
7) 1
8) 3
9) 2
10) 3

Exercise – 7

1. ——– poor are always with us.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

2. ——– more merrier.
1) The, a
2) A, the
3) The, the
4) None, the

3. Twelve inches make ——– foot.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. Not ——– word was said.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5 ——– word to wise is sufficient.
1) A, the
2) The, a
3) A, a
4) The, the

6. Sanskrit is ——– difficult language.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. You are ——– fool to say that.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. ——– French defeated ——– Germans .
1) A, a
2) An, a
3) The, the
4) None, none

9. Which is ——– longest river in India?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. He has come without ——– umbrella.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 3
3) 1
4) 1
5) 1
6) 1
7) 1
8) 3
9) 3
10) 2

Exercise – 8

1. ——– more they get more they want.
1) A, a
2) The, the
3) A, the
4) The, a

2. ——– bird in hand is worth two in ——– bush.
1) A, the
2) The, a
3) A, a
4) The, the

3. ——– pupil should obey his teacher.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

4. ——– gold is precious ——– metal.
1) None, none
2) None, the
3) None, a
4) A, none

5. ——– wisdom is the gift of Heaven.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

6. Mumbai is ——– very dear place.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. She is ——– untidy girl.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. The children found ——– egg.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. I bought ——– horse, ——– ox and ——– buffalo.
1) a, an, a
2) the, the, the
3) a, the, a
4) the, a, the

10. If you see him, give him ——– message.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 2
2) 1
3) 1
4) 3
5) 4
6) 1
7) 2
8) 3
9) 1
10) 1

Exercise – 9

1. My uncle is still in ——– hospital.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

2. I met him at ——– church.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. ——– copper is ——– useful metal.
1) A, the
2) An, a
3) The, a
4) None, a

4. He is not ——– honourable man.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. Honest men speak ——– truth.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. Man, thou art ——– wonderful animal.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. He looks as stupid as ——– owl.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. He is ——– honour to his profession.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. I like to live in ——– open air.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. Have you ever seen ——– elephant?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 1
3) 4
4) 2
5) 4
6) 1
7) 2
8) 2
9) 3
10) 2

Exercise – 10

1. Benares is ——– holy city.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

2. Aladdin had ——– wonderful lamp.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. The world is ——– happy place.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. He returned after ——– hour.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. Rustum is ——– young Parsee.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. Draw ——– map of India.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. How blue ——– sky looks?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. Who wishes to take ——– walk with me?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. They never fall who die in ——– great cause.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. I have not seen him since he was ——– child.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 1
2) 1
3) 1
4) 2
5) 1
6) 3
7) 3
8) 1
9) 1
10) 1

D. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets.

1) The manager ——– (ask) the employee, why he ——– (be) late.
2) When she ——– (cook) she ——– (hear) someone knock on the door.
3) Many ——– (decide) that she ——–(go) to the shop the next day.
4) If it ——– (rain) you ——– (got) wet.
5) Rohan ——– (meet) with an accident when he ——– (walk) back home.
6) While we ——– (walk) in the fields we ——– (see) a snake.
7) When Prabhu ——– (reach) the airport the plane ——– (leave) already.
8) When I ——– (see) her, she ——– (play) chess.
9) The train ——– (leave) the station before I ——– (reach) there.
10) If you ——– (go) now, you ——– (catch) the train.
11) We ——– (go) as soon as you ——– (be) ready.
12) Don’t ——– (get) off the train till it ——– (stop).
13) I ——– (find) this letter while I ——– (search) for a book.
14) He ——– (jump) off the train when it ——– (move).
15) The thief ——– (escape) before I ——– (open) the door.
Answer:
1) asked; was
2) was cooking; heard
3) decided; would go
4) rains; will get
5) met; was walking
6) were walking; saw
7) reached; had already left
8) saw; was playing
9) had left; reached
10) go; can catch
11) shall go; are
12) get; stops
13) found; was searching
14) jumped; was moving
15) had escaped; opened

E. Fill in the blanks using until, till, as long as, as soon as, from – to, since, for, between – and.

1) I have been waiting here ——– an hour.
2) It has been raining ——– morning.
3) The school works ——– 9 a.m. ——– 5 p.m.
4) The office works ——– 10 a.m. ——– 5 p.m.
5) We shall go ——– you are ready.
6) Can’t you wait ——– we get home?
7) The shop is open ——– 6 o’ clock.
8) Let’s wait ——– the rain stops.
9) You are not going out ——– you’ve finished this.
10) We shall go ——– the weather is good.
11) I’ll call you ——– we get the information.
12) She has been working in this office ——– 2000.
Answer:
1) for
2) since
3) from; to
4) between – and
5) as soon as
6) till
7) till
8) until
9) until
10) as long as
11) as soon as
12) since

F. Now express the wishes of the people mentioned below using unreal past (wish + subject + past tense). The first one is done for you.

1. Sindhu has missed her school bus. She has to go to school urgently. She wishes to have a car.
How would Sindhu express her wish?
2. Sneha did not visit Ooty. She wishes to visit that place. How would Sneha express her wish ?
3. Ramesh wants to watch a film. But, he did not have money. How would Ramesh express his wish of having money?
4. Anita wants to abolish the system of exams. She wishes to be the Prime Minister. How would Anita express her wish ?
5. Srinu’s father has a car. He wishes to drive that car. But he doesn’t know how to drive a car. How would Srinu express his wish?
6. Sharmila wants to play tennis. But she doesn’t have a tennis racket. How would Sharmila
express her wish?
7. Mahendra wants to get first rank in the class. But he can’t. How would Mahendra express his wish?
Answer:
1. I wish I had a car.
2. I wish I visited Ooty.
3. I wish I had money.
4. I wish I were the Prime Minister.
5. I wish I drove a car.
6. I wish I had a racket.
7. I wish I got a first rank.

G. Rewrite the following sentences using the contracted forms of the underlined parts.

1) I am not a fool.
2) You are not a student.
3) The story is not interesting.
4) He can not speak English.
5) He did not write homework.
6) She does not eat meat.
7) We do not play cricket.
8) She has not finished the work.
9) I have not seen the film.
10) She would pay the fees.
11) He had done it.
12) I am a good boy.
13) I have two brothers.
14) I shall go.
15) He will come.
16) It is nice.
17) You are beautiful.
18) Let us go.
19) We shall not do this.
20) You should not leave your slippers here.
Answer:

1. I’m not a fool.
2. You aren’t a student.
3. The story isn’t interesting.
4. He can’t speak English.
5. He didn’t write homework.
6. She doesn’t eat meat.
7. We don’t play cricket.
8. She hasn’t finished the work.
9. I haven’t seen the film.
10. She’d pay the fees.
11. He’d done it.
12. I’m a good boy.
13. I’ve two brothers.
14. I’ll go.
15. He’ll come.
16. It’s nice.
17. You’re beautiful.
18. Let’s go.
19. We shan’t do this.
20. You shouldn’t leave your slippers here.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6B My Nasty Adventure Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 6B My Nasty Adventure

7th Class English Chapter 6B My Nasty Adventure Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who do you think is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
A school boy is the speaker in the poem.

Question 2.
Which line in the poem suggests that the speaker was only dreaming?
Answer:
The line, “I scratched myself when I woke up’ suggests that the speaker was only dreaming.

Question 3.
Why did the speaker feel like a fool?
Answer:
The speaker felt like a fool because he realized that he hadn’t done any adventure but only dreamt of a nasty adventure.

Question 4.
What did the speaker finally want to do?
Answer:
The speaker finally wanted to go to school rather than dreaming of nasty adventures.

Question 5.
Have you ever experienced any adventure in your life? If yes, share it with your classmates?
Answer:
Yes. One day while I was studying silently for my exam, a thief entered my house and was trying to break the iron safe open. I heard the sound and peered into the room silently through the opening of the door. I saw him. At once I shut the door tightly and cried out loudly! My parents and my neighbours came up and informed the police. The police came and caught hold of him.

Question 6.
Do you think the title ‘My Nasty Adventure’ is suitable for the poem ? Give reasons. Give your own title and tell the class why you have chosen it.
Answer:
I think, it is suitable because a 12 year old boy slept dreaming of an adventure of getting down on to the land from an aeroplane with a parachute. In real life if could not be possible for him.
My own title for it is ‘A Child’s Daydream’ because what the boy dreamed could not be possible for him to do. Daydreams say that dreams would not come true in rear life.

Question 7.
Why is the poem titled ‘My Nasty Adventure’?
Answer:
The poem is titled, ‘My Nasty Adventure’ because a schoolboy who wanted to do adventures, slept dreaming of an adventure of getting down on to the land from an aeroplane with a parachute. In real life, it couldn’t be possible for that young child. So, he dreamed of a nasty adventure. Hence the title is apt.

Question 8.
List all the rhyming words in the poem.
Answer:
The rhyming words in the poem are:
1) breeze – trees
2) fool – school
3) painfully – frantically

II. Add lines to the following poem, write it on a sheet of paper and display it in the poetry corner.

My boat was about to sink
I had a lot to think
………………………….
………………………….
Answer:
My boat was about to sink
I had a lot to think
First, save I must myself
rescued be the rest by an elf
A lot I am yet to learn
power to make all happy I may earn
Father and mother be full of cheer
That is my desire utmost sheer
I must help at least one friend
That for me is a fine day end.

Project

Go to a nearby library and Collect stories of adventure from the newspapers, magazines, story books. Narrate one of them to the members of your group. Paste a good story with pictures on the wall magazine.

The story of adventure:
Gerard and Denys were good friends. Once they were travelling on foot in Germany. Gerard was armed with an axe and Denys with a crossbow. On their way, Gerard bought a weapon with a short spike at the head and a long handle. He practised with it. He was able to hit any object precisely.

As they were going through a forest, they heard some sound from behind a bush. A young bear burst out of the Wood and dashed towards Gerard. He delivered a tremendous blow on its nose with his axe. He hit another blow. The bear fell down dead. They wished to keep it for their supper and also as the reward to the Mayor of the next town.

Their pleasure did not last long. The mother bear came suddenly. She was huge in size. Gerard and Denys were afraid. They climbed two different trees. The mother bear smelt the dead young bear. She confirmed that the young one was dead. She grew furious. She followed Denys. She too, started climbing the tree. Denys thought that his death was sure to come. He asked his friend to keep off. Gerard saw the danger to his friend. He got down the tree. He stood on the ground and shot a bolt into the bear. The bear’s attention was diverted. She got down and chased Gerard.

Gerard, at once, climbed a tree. The bear mounted the tree on the other side. She was fast approaching Gerard. Now it was the turn of Denys to shoot at the bear. He shot at the bear with his crossbow. She was badly hit and wounded. She slipped and fell down dead on the ‘ ground. Luckily Gerard was saved.

My Nasty Adventure Summary in English

The speaker of the poem was a schoolboy. He wished he did some adventurous thing. One day he dreamed of doing some nasty adventure. He dreamed that he was travelling by plane to somewhere. After travelling some distance, his plane was about to crash. So, at once, he grabbed his bag and took out his big blue parachute to glide him down and land.

The child was gliding down with the parachute. At last h& found a spot to land. But there was a big gentle wind. Because of the wind, he had to land painfully on some sharp pine trees. When he landed on them, he was filled with bruises as a pine fell on his ear. He sat down on the ground to rest. Then a thorn poked him. He slept on the ground very anxiously. Mosquitoes bit his nose: Bugs crept all over him and tickled his body.

The boy scratched himself when he woke up. Then he appeared like a fool. After analysing his dream of the nasty adventure, the boy thought he would rather go to school than wasting time, dreaming.

My Nasty Adventure Glossary

crash (v): fall or come down violently

bruises(n): dark marks left on the skin when one has been hit

breeze(n): a gentle wind

poked(v): pushed a pointed object into something or someone

frantically(adv): very anxiously

bugs(n): small insects

tickled(v): touched lightly in a sensitive part of the body causing laughter

scratch(v): to cut or damage a surface with something sharp or rough

grab (v): take/hold somebody/something with your hand, firmly

glide (v): move slowly and quietly as if it takes no effort

land (v): come down through the air on to the ground.

crept (v): moved slowly, quietly and carefully

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6A A Hero Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 6A A Hero

7th Class English Chapter 6A A Hero Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Read the following proverb and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
You may have heard of this proverb.before. Do you know what it means?
Answer:
This proverb says that timid or coward people cannot achieve anything. Only the brave or
the courageous can get on what they want. Here ‘Fortune’ means good result or benefit and this goes to the brave people.

Question 2.
Tell the class why the government rewards the brave and adventurous children.
Answer:
The government rewards the brave and adventurous children so as to inspire the younger ones to be brave like them and do adventurous things and to tell that the country needs the brave but not the timid.

Question 3.
Are you aware of any brave boy or girl who may have shown an act of bravery? Talk about his/her bravery to the class.
Answer:
Yes, my friend Chennakesava Sarma has shown an act of bravery. He saw a drowning child in the river Krishna through he was not a good swimmer, he at once jumped into the river and caught hold of the child by his hair. Later he shouted loudly. Some people nearby came and rescued both of them.

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
According to the newspaper’s report, who fought with the tiger?
Answer:
According to the newspaper’s report, a village lad fought with the tiger.

Question 2.
Can you say why Swamis father read the hews to his son?
Answer:
His father read the news for Swami so that it would inspire his son and that his son would also do courageous things.

Question 3.
Did Swami believe the story? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No, Swami did not believe the story. He told his father that the person fought with the tiger must be a grown-up person but not a boy. He felt that a boy could not fight with a tiger.

Question 4.
What did Swami’s father ask him to prove?
Answer:
Swami’s father asked him to prove his bravery by sleeping alone that night and thereafter too in his office room.

Question 5.
Why did Swami try to change the topic when his father asked him to sleep alone?
Answer:
Swami tried to change the topic because he was afraid to sleep alone as he had always slept beside his granny. So, he wanted to divert his father’s attention to cricket.

II. Read the following sentences and say whether they are true or false.

Write T for true and F for false statements in the brackets. Correct the false statements.
1. Swami said that he would sleep alone from the next week. ( )
2. Swami’s father looked like a ghost in darkness. ( )
3. When Swami was snoring, his grandmother pulled the blanket away. ( )
4. Swami was really afraid of darkness. ( )
5. Swami wished that the tiger had killed the boy. ( )
Answer:
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
Correction of false statements:
1. Swami said that he would sleep alone from the first of next month.
3. When Swami was snoring, his father pulled the blanket away.

III. Tick the correct option to make the sentence true.

1. Swami was almost faint with fear because
a) his father would beat him.
b) he was afraid of ghosts.
c) a ghost entered his room.
d) he had a terrible dream.

2. Swami clutched the leg of ………………………….
a) his father.
b) his grandmother.
c) a chair.
d) the thief.
Answer:
1. b (✓)
2. d (✓)

Vocabulary

I. Pick out the synonyms from the story for each of the following words.

1. clear
2. bravery
3. shameful
4. hide
5. upset
6. argued
7. swore
8. unpleasant
9. tapped
10. damage
Answer:
1) clear: detailed
2) bravery: courage
3) shameful: disgraceful
4) hide: cover
5) upset: pained
6) argued: mumbled/exclaimed/opined
7) swore: cursed
8) unpleasant: bitter
9) tapped: patted
10) damage: risk

II. Read the conversation given below and fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box.

Ruchira: I don’t know why the teacher ……(1)…… to give his mobile number?
Suhas: He might be worried that you would ……(2)…… him with your phone calls.
Ruchira: I have great ……(3)..… for him. I will never behave in a ……(4)…… manner.
Suhas: I am ……(5)…… that our teacher will not give his number. Anyhow, I like your ……(6)…… We are all ……(7)…… him.
Ruchira: I don’t think our teacher is ……(8)…… but he says everything ……(9)…….
Once he gave me a wonderful gift so I am always ……(10)…… to him.
Answer:
1) hesitated
2) disturb
3) respect
4) disgraceful
5) certain
6) courage
7) afraid of
8) terrible
9) sternly
10) grateful

III. Read the following clues given below to complete the word ladder.

Clues

1. Sandhya said _____________ that she hated him.
2. Sridhar is a ____________ boy of 10 years old.
3. Jyothi used to sleep beside her _______________.
4. The garden is full of ________________ coloured flowers.
5. I met my friend Kumar on my _________________ home.
Answer:
1) crossly
2) young
3) granny
4) yellow
5) way

IV. Proverbs

A proverb is a short sentence, usually known to many people, stating something commonly experienced or giving advice. Here are some English proverbs:

• Tit for tat.
• Where there is a will there is a way.
• A bad workman always blames his tools.

Every language has proverbs. In Telugu we call them ‘saamethalu’. Here is one example from Telugu:
‘kukka kaatuki cheppu debba’. It is important to know the meaning of a proverb before you use it.

Match the parts under A and B to make some proverbs. You can use the clues given within the brackets.
A                                                                                                                     B
1. An apple a day(search for a profession)           [ ]                       a. is a friend indeed.
2. A friend in need (rhymes with friend)               [ ]                       b. saves nine.
3. Failure is (search for ‘achievement’)                  [ ]                       c. mightier than the sword.
4. A stitch in time (search for a number)               [ ]                      d. keeps the doctor away.
5. The pen is (search for a weapon)                       [ ]                      e. the stepping stone to success.
6. Empty vessels (search for noise)                        [ ]                       f. the mighty ocean.
7. Little drops of water make                                 [ ]                       g. seldom bite.
8. Honesty (ends with ‘cy’)                                     [ ]                       h. while the sun shines.
9. Make hay (search for planet)                              [ ]                       i. is the best policy.
10. Barking dogs (search for what dogs do)          [ ]                       j. make much noise
Answer:
l) d
2) a
3) e
4) b
5) c
6) j
7) f
8) i
9) h
10) g

Grammar

Simple Past Tense:

The second form of the verb (V₂ form) is used as simple past tense. It is used to express that some action was completed or not completed in the past.
In Affirmaive sentences, only the V₂ form, ‘did + V₁ form’ pattern is used for the simple past tense.
Example :
1. I went to Vikarabad yesterday.
2. He came to see me last night.
3. I did not go to school last Monday.
4. Sita did dance (Emphasizing the action) on this stage last month.

In interrogative sentences (Questions) and negative sentences, ‘did + V₁‘ pattern is used for the simple past tense.
Examples :
1. When did you see this film?
2. Did you give him the book yesterday?
3. I did not write the exam last Sunday.
4. Guruvardhan did not come here last Friday.

Past Continuous Tense:

Structure of this tense is as follows, was/were + Verb with ‘ing’ form.
Ex: was going, were doing, was singing, were writing, was teaching etc.
Use: We use the past continuous tense to express that certain action was going on at a certain time in the past.
Examples: Affirmative sentences
1. At 11 a.m. yesterday, I was writing the exam.
2. My mother was cooking when the postman came.
3. We were chatting when our English teacher entered the classroom.

Negative sentences
1. They were not studying at this time last night.
2. We were not playing when he arrived here.

Questions (Interrogative sentences)
1. What were you doing then?
2. Were they playing at this time yesterday?
3. Was he sleeping in your period this morning?

Look at the following sentences from the text.
1. Father was sitting under the lamp and reading the newspaper.
2. He looked over the newspaper.
Sentence 1 is in the past continuous form. It coveys that the action was in progress at a particular point of time in the past.
In sentence 2, the verb ‘looked’ is in the simple past tense. It shows that the action was completed in the past.

I. Pick out 5 sentences from the story that use the Simple Past Tense and 5 sentences that use the Past Continuous Tense. Write them down in your notebook.

5 sentences that use the Simple Past Tense:
1) The newspaper gave a detailed account of the boy’s fight with the tiger.
2) At last, some people came that way and killed the tiger.
3) Swami rose quietly from his place.
4) He cursed the newspaper that had printed the tiger’s story.
5) Swami hurriedly got up and spread his bed under the bench and crouched there.

5 sentences that use the Past Continuous Tense:
1) Father was standing over him.
2) Father was only joking.
3) A tiger was chasing him.
4) Something was moving in the darkness.
5) Swami was following the whole conversation from under the blanket.

II. Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the simple past or the past continuous forms.

While Swami’s father ………………… (read) the newspaper, Swami …………………(listen) to it. His father ………………… (ask) him to sleep alone. But he ………………… (be) afraid of ghosts. He ………………… (want) to sleep in his grandmother’s room. While he ………………… (sleep), he …………………(have) a terrible dream. A tiger ………………… (chase) him and he …………………(try) to escape.
Answer:
1) was reading
2) was listening
3) asked
4) was
5) wanted
6) was sleeping
7) had
8) was chasing
9) was trying

Writing

I. Summarize the story using the following hints.

Swami ___ the news report ___ about a boy’s fight ___ father’s advice ___ sleeps in his grandmother’s room ___ father insists on sleeping alone ___ a terrible dream ___ catches a thief ___ becomes a hero.
Answer:
One day Swami’s father read out some news in some newspaper for his son, Swami. The news was about the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path. The newspaper gave a detailed account of the boy’s fight with the tiger.

After listening to the news, Swami said that a boy could not be brave enough to fight with a tiger. Then Swami’s father asked him to prove his courage. For that, his father advised him . to sleep for some nights alone in his office room. He wanted his son to do it that night itself. But Swami went into the porch and slept beside his granny. Swami never slept alone. He always slept beside his granny.

Then his father came to Swami and woke him up. He insisted Swami on his sleeping alone in the office room that night. Swami tried to escape but in vain. So he had to sleep alone in darkness in his.father’s room that night. Then Swami had a terrible dream. He could not sleep. Suddenly he heard that someone was coming towards him. He thought he was a ghost. So, at once, to protect himself, Swami bit into the knee of a thief. The thief cried out. Father and a servant came and caught the thief. Swami became a hero.

II. Write about an act of bravery that you or your family member or any one of your friends may have shown at some stage in your life.

An act of my bravery

My father runs a jewellery shop. The shop is open on all days. But it is closed on Sundays.

One Sunday evening, I was returning home. after playing cricket with my friends. I was coming on my bicycle. On my way home, when I came to my father’s shop, I found my father’s shop was kept open. I was surprised to see it open as it was a Sunday. I got down my bicycle and put it behind a tree and stood there silently to see what was going to happen. A few minutes later, I saw two thieves coming from the shop with a bag of jewellery and keeping it in their car, kept outside the shop. They later, went again into the shop to bring some more.

At once, without any hesitation, I ran towards the car and took out the air from all the tyres. Then I rode on my bicycle to the nearby police station and informed the police about the theft.

The police took me in their jeep and came to the spot. Seeing the police, the thieves began to run. But the police chased them and caught hold of them. All our jewellery was kept back in the shop and then it was locked.
The police congratulated me on my act of bravery. All my friends and neighbours praised me for my bravery. I felt happy as I had saved our property.

III. Change the story of ‘A Hero’ into a drama and enact it.

• Read Swami’s story once again.
• Identify the characters.
• Pick out the dialogues of the characters.
• Identify the locations of the events.
• Decide scenes and setting accordingly.
• Assign roles to the members of the groups.
• Enact the drama before the whole class.

Answer:
Scene – I
Swami’s house with father sitting in a chair and reading a newspaper and his son Swami standing behind him.
Characters: Swami, his father and his granny.
Father: listen, Swami! I’ll read out an interesting news for you.
Swami: What’s it, Dad?
Father: it’s about the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path.
Swami: What’s there in it about his bravery?
Father: He came face to face with a tiger and fought with it. Later he climbed on tâ thetop branch of a tree and stayed there for half-a-day. Later some village people came that way and killed the tiger.
Swami: That couldn’t be. I think he must be a grown-up person.
Father: Don’t think so. Age and strength don’t matter with regard to courage/bravery.
Swami: Suppose I am very brave. Can I fight with a tiger?
Father: O.K. I will test your courage. Tonight, sleep alone in the dark in my office room and prove your bravery.
Swami: I will do it next month. Please put it off.
Father: No, come on with me.
(Father puts Swami alone in his office room. He leaves him in the dark but keeps the doors open)

Scene – II
Place: Father’s office room. Swami is sleeping under a bench.
Characters: Swami, a burglar, Father.
Swami to himself: I don’t know why father is cruel to me in this manner. I wish the tiger had not spared the village lad.
A burglar to himself: The door is open. I will enter the room and steal the valuable things. (The burglar walks ¡n and steals something. He comes near the boy.
(Swami hears the sound of his walkin close to him.)
Swami to himself: What is this sound? I think a devil is coming to kill me. I must do something now. I will dig my teeth into its leg.
(When the burglar comes nearer, Swami digs his teeth into the knee of the burglar.)
The burglar: Oh! I was bitten.
(Hearing the sound, Father and a servant come into the room and catch the thief.)

Scene – III
Place: School
Characters: Swami, his friends, a teacher and the Headmaster.
Teacher: Oh! You have acted bravely. I appreciate you.
Swami: Thank you, teacher.
Friends: Swami, you have done a marvellous thing. Congrats.
Swami: It’s O.K.
H.M.: Swami, you are a true scout. You have proved y.our bravery. We are proud of you.
Swami: Thank you, Sir.
(But the next day on wards, Swami sleeps in his usual place.)

IV. Have a discussion in the whole class on how the performance could be improved in terms of delivery of dialogues, costumes, action, settings, etc.
A Skit on ‘A Hero’.
The performance could be improved and made humorous if it was as follows.
When father exits the office room –

Swami: I am afraid I can’t be alone. What should I do? idea! I shall go unnoticed to himself into my father’s bed room, pick up his cell-phone and call my close friend, Guruvardhan.
(The boy tiptoes into his father’s bed room, picks up his mobile, comes out and makes phone call to his friend, Guruvardhan.)
Swami: HelIo Guru! I’m Swami.
Guruvardhan: Hello Swami ! What’s the matter? Why are you calling me at this time? Any problem?
Swami: Yes, Guru. Can you come to my house now and spare an hour with me?
Guruvardhan: Why?
Swami: I’ll tell you here. Please do come soon.
(Swami deletes the number of his friend from his father’s mobile from dialed numbers, keeps it there and comes back into his father’s office room. Half an hour later, his friend enters the room)

Swami : Hai! Come in. I feel bored being alone.
Guruvardhan: Why alone here?
Swami: My father does this as a test for my bravery. Give me some idea.
(Guruvardhan think over it for a while)
Guruvardhan: I’ll take some valuable things from this office room and throw them scattered at the gate of your house and go back home. Half an hour later, you cry out Thief, thief, I can’t chase him. Please help” and walk hurriedly to the gate. Your father comes. Tell him you are trying to catch the thief who entered and stole the things. Also tell him he has left them there and escaped. Your father then appreciates your bravery. How is it?
Swami: It’s a good idea. Let’s do it at once.
(They implement their plan. His friend has gone home, leaving the things at the gate)
Swami: Thief, thief! catch him. (Shouts loudly)
(His father and a servant come there with a torchlight in hands.)
Father: Where is the thief? What has happened?
Swami: Dad! A thief has entered the office room and stole some valuable things.
I heard the sound and cried. He began to run. I tried to catch him. But he escaped, leaving these things here.
Father: (looking at them) Oh! these are very valuable. Had I lost them, I would have been in great trouble. Really you have done a very good job. I appreciate your bravery.
(All the members of his family praise him.)

Can you solve these letter riddles?
1. What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
2. What letter is a part of the head?
3. What letter is a drink?
4. What letter is a body of water?
5. What letter is a pronoun like “you”?
6. What letter is an exclamation?
7. What letter is looking for causes?
8. Why is the letter “T” like an island?
Answer:
1. the letter is’B’.
2. the letter is ‘I’.
3. the letter is ‘T’.
4. the letter is ‘C’.
5. the letter is ‘U’
6. the letter is’O’
7. the letter is ‘Y’
8. ‘T’ is like an island because it is in the middle of water.

Study Skills

Change the words given in the box into different parts of speech. Some words may not have all the forms given in the table. You may use a dictionary if you like.

Try these tongue twisters

Three grey geese in a green field grazing.
Double bubble gum bubbles double.
Selfish Sal sells shell-fish.
How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

Listening and Speaking

I. Your teacher will read the story ‘Carried away by an Eagle’. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow.

We often speak in fun about a bird carrying away a child. A mother might say to her little one, “Don’t be naughty, or a crow will carry you away.” But do such things really happen?

The following story however, is from real life. The place was a farmhouse near Trondheim in Norway. It was June 1932. A four-year-old child, Svenhild Hansen, was playing in the yard in front of the farmhouse. Suddenly a large eagle came down. It caught hold of the child in its claws and flew up. Luckily, only the child’s dress was held in his claws, so the child was not hurt.

The big bird carried the child for more than a kilometre. It was flying towards its nest. Eagles build their nests on high rocks. This one’s nest was on the side of a mountain.Growing tired, the bird put the child down on a flat rock. This rock was eight hundred feet high on the side of the mountain. The bird’s nest was just fifty feet away.

But by this time, the child’s mother and father, and a large party of men had set out to look for the child. They noticed the eagle flying round and round over a rock in the mountain. They thought that the child might be there, and climbed quickly to the place. But they did not have much hope that they would find her alive.

When they finally reached there, the little Svenhild was fast asleep. She was not even hurt except for a few scratches.

People say that usually, an eagle kills the animal it catches, before taking it to its nest. Why didn’t the eagle kill the child? We do not know. We can only say that the child was very, very lucky.
Svenhild is now a grown-up woman. She is married. But she still keeps the tom dress she wore during this amazing adventure.

1. How old was the child when she was picked up by the eagle?
Answer:
She was four years old.

2. In which country did the child live when she was picked up by the eagle?
Answer:
Norway.

3. Why did the eagle leave the child on a rock?
Answer:
Because the eagle grew very tired then.

4. Why did the eagle fly round and round over the rock?
Answer:
Because the girl was put down on that rock.

5. Why do you think that the girl was lucky?
Answer:
Because she was neither killed nor hurt.

6. Why do you think Svenhild still keeps the tom dress?
Answer:
To remember that amazing adventure.

II. Work in groups and retell the story ‘Carried away by an Eagle’ in your own words.

A four-year old girl named Svenhild Hansen, was in the yard in front of the farm house near Trondheium in Norway, in June 1932. Suddenly, she was picked up by the a large eagle in its claws. The bird was carrying the child away towards its nest on the side of a mountain. The girl’s dress was held in the claws of the eagle and so she was not hurt.

Being tired, the eagle put the girl on a flat rock on the side of a mountain. The bird’s nest was just 50 feet away.

Then the child’s parents came there with a large party of men who had noticed the eagle flying round and round over a rock in the mountain. They thought that the eagle might have killed the girl there. They climbed quickly to the place.

To their surprise and happiness, they found the girl fast asleep. She was not hurt except for a few scratches. Really she was lucky. The girl grew up and got married. But she kept the tom dress with her to recollect that amazing adventure.

A Hero Summary in English

One day Swami’s father was sitting under the hall lamp and reading the newspaper. When Swami came to him, he read out the news of the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path. The lad, then, came face to face with a tiger. But he was not frightened. Instead, he flew up to a tree and stayed on it for half a day. At last some people came that way and killed the tiger. Then Swami told his father that a boy could not fight a tiger. His father said that courage is everything; strength and age don’t matter much. Swami’s father told Swami to prove his courage by sleeping alone in his office room that ^r night. Swami could not sleep alone. He always slept beside his granny in the porch. He would be trembling and awake all night if he did not sleep beside his granny. So he requested his father to let him do it from the first of next month. But his father did not agree. When Swami was sleeping by his granny as usual, his father came and woke him up. He then took him into his office room and order him to sleep on one of the benches in the room, alone. He put out the lights, but left the door open and went out. Swami was alone. He was afraid.

Swami spread his bed under the bench and crouched there. Soon he fell asleep. He had a dream that a tiger was chasing him. Swami tried to open his eyes but failed. So he groaned in despair.

Suddenly Swami heard a little rustling noise in the darkness. Swami was afraid that a devil was coming. But it was nothing but a thief that entered the office room as the door was kept open. The thief came very close to him. At once Swami clutched his leg and dug his teeth in.        .

The thief, then,, cried out that something had bitten his leg. Everyone in the house was awakened by the loud noise. Father and a servant came running with a light. Both of them caught hold of the thief. The thief was later taken a way by the police.

The next day, Swami’s classmates praised him. His teacher patted him for his courage and bravery. The headmaster said that Swami had bitten into the knee of a notorious house ­breaker and the police were grateful to him. ,

When father returned home that night, Swami, instead of sleeping alone in the office room, was seen sleeping beside his granny. His mother stopped his father from wakening him up.

A Hero Glossary

crossly (adv): a little angrily

scowl (n): an angry look or expression.

porch (n): a covered entrance to a building; a verandah.

sternly (adv): seriously and strictly.

disgraceful (adj): very bad; shameful.

tiptoed (v): walked quietly on the tips of his toes

curled (v): drew up his legs close to the body and curved his back

snoring (v): breathing roughly and noisily while sleeping

stirred (v): moved slightly

groaned (v): made a deep sad sound.

pleaded (v): requested

scorpions (n): small creatures with a poisonous sting in the long tail

laughing-stock: someone or something which seems stupid

tumbling (v): falling helplessly

scout (n): one who is trained in doing acts of public service

notorious (adj): well-known for some bad quality or act

faint (v): likely to lose consciousness

crouched (v): bent the knees close to the body in fear

encased (v): covered himself completely

crawled (v): moved slowly, keeping the body close to the ground

bravery (n): courage

lad (n): boy

path (n): way

jungle (n): forest

account (n): a written or spoken description of something that has happened,

coward (n): timid

beside (prep): by the side of

tremble (v): shake in a way that you cannot control

humbly (adv): politely

quietly (adv): silently (without making a noise)

whispered (v): spoke in a very low voice so that others could not hear it well

commanded (v): strongly ordered

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 2

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 2

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following passage carefully.

On the busy Bowbazaar Street in Calcutta there was an old building. It was the headquarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much excitement in one of its laboratories. Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments when a young man, K.S.Krishnan, rushed in and announced, “Professor Compton has won the Nobel Prize.”

Now answer the following questions:
1) What was there in the old building?
2) Where was the Indian Association for cultivation of Science located ?
3) When did this incident take place?
4) Why was there such an excitement in the laboratory?
5) Who was the famous scientist mentioned in the passage?
6) What was C.V. Raman doing?
7) Who was the young man mentioned in the passage?
8) What did K.S. Krishnan announce?
9) Who won the Nobel Prize?
10) When did professor Compton win Nobel Prize?
Answers:
1) In the old building there was the head quarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science.
2) The head quarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science was located in Bowbazaar street in Calcutta.
3) This incident took place in December of 1927.
4) C.V. Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments.
5) C.V. Raman was the famous scientist mentioned in the passage.
6) C.V. Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments.
7) The young man mentioned in this passage was K.S. Krishnan.
8) K.S. Krishnan announced that Professor Compton had won the Nobel Prize.
9) Professor Compton won the Nobel Prize.
10) Professor Compton won the Nobel Prize in 1927.

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Raman was equally delighted. “Excellent news,” he said, smiling at the visitor and then he was lost in thought. “But…. look here, Krishnan,” he said turning to the young man, “if this. Compton Effect is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too.”
A few years earlier, A.H.Compton had shown that the nature of X-rays changes when passed through matter. The change was dependent on the kind of matter. This effect was called the ‘Compton Effect.’

Now answer the following questions:
1) Why was Raman equally delighted?
2) What was the ‘Excellent news’?
3) “He was lost in thoughts” – What was he thinking?
4) What was the assumption made by C.V. Raman?
5) What do you mean by ‘Compton Effect’?
6) What did A.H. Compton show?
7) Does the nature of X-rays change in the same way when pass through all kinds matter?
8) “It must be true of light too” – What does ‘it’ refer to?
9) If A.H. Compton had not discovered the Compton Effect, do you think Raman would have discovered the ‘Raman Effect’?
10) What does the change of nature of X-rays depend on?
Answers:
1) “If the Compton Effect of X-rays is true. It must be true of light too.” It made C.V. Raman equally delighted.
2) The news that “Professor Compton has won the Nobel Prize” was excellent.
3) He was thinking that, if the Compton Effect of X-rays is true, it must be true of light too.
4) If Compton Effect is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too. ’
5) The nature of X-rays changes when passed through matter. The matter was dependent on the
kind of matter. The effect was known as ‘The Compton Effect”.
6) A.H. Compton showed that the nature of X- rays changes when passed through matter.
7) No. The nature of X-rays changes dependent on the kind of matter.
8) The assumption that the nature of light changes when it passes through matter.
9) From the passage we can understand that C.V. Raman had already formulated his theory and he was about to announce his ‘Raman Effect’. But the Compton Effect give him confidence. Hence I can say if Compton Effect had not been discovered C.V. Raman would have discovered his ‘Raman Effect’.
10) The nature of X-rays change when it passes through matter depending on the kind of matter.

3. Read the following passage.

Could light also change its nature when passed through a transparent medium? That was the question that Raman asked himself. For five years he had been doing research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated equipment was available in his laboratory, but Raman was confident that he could find the answer with some modifications in his equipment.
Four months later, on March 16,1928, Raman announced his discovery of ‘new radiation’ (describing the behaviour of a beam of light passing through a liquid chemical) to an assembly of scientists at Bangalore (now called Bengaluru).

Now answer the following questions :
1) What was the question Raman asked himself?
2) How long had he been doing research on light?
3) What do you mean by optics?
4) What was the setback faced by C.V. Raman in his research?
5) How was C.V. Raman able to find solution to his problem?
6) When did Raman announce his discovery?
7) What was the discovery made by C.V. Raman?
8) How is Bangalore now called?
9) Where did Raman announce his discovery?
10) To whom did C.V. Raman reveal his discovery to?
Answers :
1) Raman asked himself whether light could also change its nature when passed through a transparent medium.
2) He had been doing research on light for five years.
3) Optics means the science of light.
4) No sophisticated equipment was available in his laboratory.
5) Ramart was able to find the answer with some modifications in his equipment.
6) Raman announced his discovery on 16th March, 19281
7) Raman discovered ‘new radiation’ describing the behaviour of a beam of light passing through a liquid chemical.
8) Bangalore is now called ‘Bengaluru’.
9) Raman announced his discovery in Bengaluru.
10) C.V. Raman described his discovery to an assembly of scientists.

4. Read the following passage.

The world hailed the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’. For scientific research in this country, it was a red-letter day. His discovery caught the attention of the world. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200/- and limited facilities, Raman was able to make a discovery which won him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1930.

Now answer the following questions :
1) How was C.V. Raman’s discovery hailed as?
2) What was a red-letter day?
3) What do you mean by the phrase “red-letter day “?
4) What was the day ‘a red-letter day’ for?
5) What was so special about Raman’s discovery?
6) What did his discovery fetch him?
7) When did C.V. Raman win the Nobel Prize?
8) In which subject did C.V. Raman win Nobel Prize?
9) “For his scientific research in his country” – Which country did he belong to?
10) What do you mean by ‘Raman Effect’?
Answers : .
1) C.V. Raman’s discovery was hailed as ‘Raman Effect’.
2) March, 16, 1928 was a red-letter day.
3) The phrase ‘a red-letter day’ means an important day.
4) The day was the red-letter day for scientific research in his country.
5) Raman was able to make a discovery with equipment worth hardly Rs. 200 and limited facilities.
6) His discovery fetched him the Nobel Prize.
7) C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in 1930.
8) C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
9) C.V. Raman belonged to India.
10) Raman Effect means that the light change its nature when passed through a transparent medium.

5. Read the following passage.

Raman was born on November 7, 1888, at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. His father was a college physics teacher. He was a brilliant student right from the start. When Raman passed his matriculation, his parents were keen to send him abroad for higher studies. But on medical grounds, a British surgeon advised them against it and Raman stayed in the country to do the M.A. course at Presidency College in Madras (now called Chennai).

Now answer the following questions:
1) When was C.V. Raman born?
2) Where was C.V Raman born?
3) What was C.V. Raman’s father?
4) “He was a brilliant student right from the start” – Who does ‘he’ here refer to?
5) What did his parents want to do when he passed matriculation?
6) Why could C.V. Raman not go abroad for higher studies?
7) What did the British surgeon advise him?
8) ” …….. a British surgeon advised them against it” — What does it refer to?
9) Where did C.V. Raman do his M.A. course?
10) How is Madras now called?
Answers:
1) C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888.
2) C.V. Raman was born at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu.
3) C.V. Raman’s father was a Physics teacher.
4) ‘He’ here refers to C.V. Raman.
5) When C.V. Raman passed his Matriculation his parents decided to send him to abroad for higher studies.
6) He was unable to go abroad for higher studies because a British surgeon advised him against it on medical grounds.
7) The British surgeon advised them not to send C.V. Raman abroad for higher studies because his, health did not support him.
8) It here refers to go abroad.
9) C.V. Raman did his M.A. course at Presidency College in Madras.
10) Madras is now called Chennai.

6. Read the following passage.

In his youth, Raman was mainly interested in acoustics, the science of sound. He studied how stringed instruments like the violin and the sitar could produce harmonious music.
He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924 and the British Government made him a knight of the British Empire in 1929. It was a high honour for any great scientist.
His advice to young scientists was to look at the world around them and not to confine themselves to their laboratories. “The essence of science,” he said, “is independent thinking and hard work, not equipment.”

Now answer the following questions:
1) What was Raman mainly interested in?
2) What do you mean by acoustics?
3) What did he study in acoustics?
4) How did the British Government honour him?
5) When was he elected to Royal Society of London?
6) What was an honour for any scientist?
7) What was Raman’s advice to young scientists?
8) What is ‘the essence of science’ according to C.V. Raman?
9) What are the stringed instruments mentioned in the passage?
10) What does the word ‘harmonious’ mean?
Answers:
1) Raman was mainly interested in acoustics.
2) Acoustics is a science of sound.
3) In acoustics he studied how stringed instruments such as the violin and the sitar could produce harmonious music.
4) The British government honoured him by making him the knight of the British Empire.
5) He was elected to Royal Society London in 1924.
6) Receiving the knighthood of the British Empire is an honour to any scientist.
7) Raman advised the young scientists not to confine themselves to their laboratories but to
look at the world.
8) According to C.V. Raman, the essence of science is independent thinking and hardwork not equipment.
9) The violin and the sitar are the stringed instruments mentioned in the passage.
10) The word ’harmonious’ means ‘very pleasant’.

7. Read the following passage.

C.V.Raman was the first Indian scholar who studied wholly in India and received the
Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and the first non-white to win such a great award in science. He passed away in 1970 on November 21. But his memories are with us. February 28, the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’, is celebrated as National Science Day to commemorate his remarkable achievement in science.

Now answer the following questions:
1) Who was the first Indian scholar that studied wholly in India and received the Nobel Prize?
2) What was so special in C.V. Raman’s winning Nobel Prize?
3) When did C.V. Raman die?
4) When did C.V. Raman discover Raman Effect?
5) On which day do we celebrate the National Science Day in India?
6) Why do we celebrate the National Science day on 28th February?
7) What was the remarkable achievement of C.V. Raman?
8) Who was the first Asian to receive the Nobel Prize in science?
9) Who was the first non-white to receive the Nobel Peace Prize?
10) What does the phrase ‘pass away’ mean?
Answers :
1) C.V. Raman was the first Indian scholar who wholly studied in India and received the Nobel Prize.
2) a) C.V. Raman was the first Indian scholar who wholly studied in India and received the Nobel Prize.
b) C.V. Raman was the first Asian and the first non-white to win Nobel Prize in Science.
3) C.V. Raman died on 21st November 1970.
4) C.V. Raman discovered Raman Effect on 28th February 1928.
5) We celebrate National Science day on 28th February in India.
6) We celebrate our National Science day on 28th February because on the same day of 1928 Raman discovered Raman Effect. .
7) Discovering ‘Raman Effect’ was the remarkable achievement of C.V. Raman.
8) C.V. Raman was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in science.
9) C.V. Raman was the first non-white to receive the Nobel Prize in science.
10) The phrase ‘pass away’ means ‘to die’.

B. Reading

1. Read the following lines.

Mum, I don’t want to go to school today,
‘Cause I fear our world is in decay.
I feel my teachers are part of the plot,
I’m the only one who sees through the rot.
Scientists are cloning pigs and sheep,
Saying, it’s change – a quantum leap.
Biologists are making stem cells grow,
Saying, it’s change – the way to go.

Now answer the following questions:
1) Who is the speaker of these lines?
2) I’m the only one who sees through the rot.
What is the poet trying to convey by the underlined words above?
3) Who are the parts of the plot to ruin the world?
4) What change are the biologists bringing in?
5) What is considered a quantum leap?
Answers:
1) The speaker of these lines is a school going child.
2) The speaker means that humans are destroying nature and the Earth. So, many changes are happening in the world now.
3) The speaker fears that teachers are part of the plot.
4) Biologists are making stem, cells grow.
5) Cloning of pigs and sheep is considered a quantum leap.

Additional Questions (i):
1) Who is the speaker of these lines?
2) Can you guess the age of the speaker?
3) What do you mean by ‘plot’?
4) What is the speaker’s complaint?
5) Pick out the rhyming words from above.
Answers:
1) School going girl.
2) The speaker is a small child. I can say that because she is a school-going girl.
Actually the poet “Emma Gorrie’ was an bight year old girl when she wrote the poem, she wrote this poem for a competition.
3) The scientists made a plot to destroy the world.
4) The speaker’s complaint is that the teachers are teaching her about the discoveries of scientists which she feels are causing the decay of the world.
5) today – decay; plot – rot; sheep – leap; grow – go.

Additional Questions (ii):
1) Why does not the speaker want to go to school?
2) “I fear our world is in decay” – How can you support the speaker’s statement?
3) Who are part of the secret plans to decay the world?
4) What are the teachers a part of?
5) What are the scientists doing?
6) How do the scientists feel about cloning?
7) What do you mean by cloning?
8) How would you feel if a scientist cloned you?
9) “I am the only one who sees through the rot” – What does ‘the rot’ here mean?
10) Why does the speaker only understand the plot?
Answers:
1) Because in her school she was taught many scientifical developments and discoveries which she fears leads to the decay of the world.
2) The scientists were able to find out so many things about the world that tells about the decay of the world. But scientists are not responsible for the decay of the world as the poet thinks of but the human beings are exploiting the nature and environment and in such a way they are causing the decay of the world.
3) According to the poet the teachers are part of the plot.
4) The teachers are the part of the plot made by scientists.
5) The scientists are cloning pigs and sheep.
6) The scientists feel that cloning as a quantum leap.
7) Producing an exact copy of an animal using DNA fragments, cells of the animals.
8) If a scientist cloned me I would be very much excited to see another ‘me’, with the same
appearances, mannerisms and resemblances of mine.
9) The rot here means that those worst things which cause the decay of the world.
10) The poet sees the negative side of the scientists findings and they cause a lot of concern to her.

2. Read the following lines.

Biologists are making stem cells grow,
Saying, it’s change — the way to go.
Geologists are finding cracks in our earth,
Saying, it’s change — predicting its birth.
Archaeologists are digging up fossils and bones,
Saying, it’s change — time for clones.
Yes, scientists are causing me great concern,
Giving us kids too much to learn!

Now answer the following questions:
1) What are the biologists doing?
2) What do the biologists say when they make the stem cells grow?
3) What do the geologists discover?
4) After finding the cracks what are the geologists able to discover?
5) What are the archaeologists doing?
6) What do the archaeologists say when they find out fossils and bones?
7) What do the archaeologists want to clone?
8) In what way are the scientists causing a great concern?
9) Who are causing a great concern to the students?
10) What do you mean by ‘stem cell’?
11) What do you mean by fossil?
12) What does an archaeologist do?
13) Pick out the word that describes the person who studies the life of plants and animals.
14) Pick out the word which describes a person who studies the interior of the earth and rocks.
15) Are the scientists actually causing a great concern? Support your answer.
Answers :
1) The biologists are making the stem cells grow.
2) When they make the stem cells grow, the biologists say that it is a change and it should be the’way to happen.
3) The geologists find the cracks in our earth.
4) After finding the cracks in the earth the geologists are able to*predict the process of the birth of the earth.
5) Archaeologists are digging up fossils and bones.
6) The archaeologists say it’s a change and they say it’s time to clone the ancient animals using fossils and bones.
7) The archaeologists want to clone fossils and bones.
8) The scientists are causing a great concern to students by discovering a lot of new things and making the students to learn all these things.
9) The scientists are causing a lot of concern to the students.
10) The stem cells means a basic type of cell from which all other cells develop.
11) The fossil means the remains of an animal or a plant which have become hard and turned into rock.
12) Archaeologist is a person who studies the buried remains of ancient times.
13) The person who studies the life of plant animals is called a biologist.
14) Geologist.
15) No. The scientists are not causing a great concern. When they find out something serious about the existence of the world they warn us. They also suggest us some measures to protect the environment and the nature.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.

It was midnight when Susruta was awakened by a frantic knocking at the door.
“Who’s out there?” asked the aged doctor, taking a lighted torch from its socket in the wall and approaching the door.
“I’m a traveller, my revered Susruta,” was the anguished reply. “A tragedy has befallen me. I need your help….”
Susruta opened the door. What he saw was a man kneeling before him, tears flowing from his eyes and blood from his disfigured nose.
“Get up, my son, and come in,” said Susruta. “Everything will be all right. But be quiet, now.”
He led the stranger to a neat and clean room.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who was the aged doctor mentioned in the passage ?
b) How was the traveller when Susruta saw him?
c) What time of the day did the above incident take place?
d) Why did Susruta take the traveller into a room?
e) Who helped the traveller?
Answers:
a) Susrutha
b) tears flowing from his eyes and blood from his disfigured nose
c) It was midnight.
d) to treat his disfigured nose
e) Susrutha helped the traveller.

Additipnal Questions (i):
a) When was Susruta awakened?
b) What was the profession of Susruta?
c) How was the traveller’s nose?
d) Where was the lighted torch?
e) What did Susruta say to the traveller?
Answers:
1) At midnight
2) Doctor
3) Disfigured
4) It was in a socket in the wall.
5) Susruta told the traveller that everything would be alright and suggested him to be quiet
then.

Additional Questions (ii):
1) Who was Susruta?
2) Who awakened Susruta at midnight?
3) What do you mean by the word “Frantic”?
4) Why was the traveller anguished?
5) Why were there tears in the eyes of the traveller?
6) What did the traveller ask Susruta?
7) What was the tragedy befallen to him?
8) What help do you think did the traveller needed from Susruta?
9) How did Susruta receive him?
10) What do you understand about Susruta by the way he received the traveller?
Answers:
1) Susruta was an ancient surgeon.
2) A traveller awakened Susruta at midnight.
3) Quick and unorganised
4) Because his nose was disfigured and there was a lot of bleeding.
5) Because his nose was cut off and it was bleeding heavily.
6) The traveller asked Susnita for his help.
7) The tragedy befallen to him was his nose was cut off and it was bleeding heavily.
8) The traveller needed the treatment for Susruta. He wanted his nose to be operated.
9) Though it was a midnight, though he was very old he received the traveller with love and he assured him everything would be all right and he would be quite well very soon.
10) By the way he received the traveller we can understand that Susruta was very kind and considerate. He did not frighten the patient but gave him assurance that he Would be quite very soon.

2. Read the following passage.

He led the stranger to a neat and clean room, with surgical instruments on its walls. He washed his face with water and the juice of a medicinal plant. He then offered him a mug of wine and began preparing for the operation.
With a large leaf of a creeper brought from the garden, he measured the size of the stranger’s nose. Taking a knife and forceps from the wall, he held them over a flame and cut a strip of flesh from the stranger’s cheek. The man moaned, but the wine had numbed his senses.

Now answer the following questions:
1) Where did Susruta take him to?
2) How was the room?
3) What do you think was the room used as?
4) What did Susruta do as soon as he took the man inside the room?
5) Why do you think Susruta offered him a mug of wine?
6) How did Susruta use the leaf of a creeper?
7) What did Susruta do with knife and forceps?
8) Why did Susruta cut a strip of flesh from the traveller’s check?
9) How could the traveller bear the pain of the surgery?
10) What did Susruta use wine for?
Answers:
1) Susruta took the traveller to a neat and clean room.
2) The room was neat and clean with surgical instruments on its walls.
3) I think the room was used as an operation theatre.
4) As soon as Susruta took the man inside the room he washed his face with water and the juice of a medicinal plant.
5) I think Susruta offered him a mug of wine for making his senses ‘numb’ when he was being operated on.
6) Susruta used the leaf to measure his nose.
7) Susruta used the knife and forceps to cut a strip of flesh from the stranger’s cheek.
8) Susruta wanted to use the flesh to make up the cut off nose.
9) The traveller drank a mug of wine and it numbed his senses when he was operated upon
and thus he was able to bear the pain of the surgery.
10) Susruta used the wine as an anaesthesia.

3. Read the following passage.

In this manner Susruta mended a nose some 26 centuries ago. And what he did is not greatly different from what a plastic surgeon would do today. In fact, Susruta is today recognised as the father of plastic surgery all over the world. His treatise, Susruta samhita, has considerable medical knowledge of relevance even today. It indicates that India was far ahead of the rest of the world in medical knowledge.

Now answer the following questions:
1) When did Susruta live?
2) What did he do 26 centuries ago?
3) How is Susruta recognised today?
4) Who wrote ‘Susruta Samhita’?
5) What did ‘Susruta Samhita’ indicate?
Answers:
1) Susruta lived 26 centuries ago.
2) Susruta did a plastic surgery 26 centuries ago.
3) Susruta is recognised as the father of plastic surgery all over the world.
4) Susruta wrote Susruta Samhita.
5) Susruta Samhita indicates that India was far ahead of the rest of the world in medical knowledge.

4. Read the following passage.

Born in the sixth century B.C., Susruta was a descendant of the Vedic sage Viswamitra. He learnt surgery and medicine at the feet of Divodasa Dhanvantari in his hermitage at Varanasi. Later, he became an authority in not only surgery but also in other branches of medicine.

He was the first physician to advocate what is today known as the ‘caesarean’ operation. He was also an expert in removing urinary stones, locating and treating fractures and doing eye operations for cataract. His suggestion to give wine to patients about to be operated upon makes him also the father of anaesthesia.

Now answer the following questions:

1) When was Susruta born?
2) What relation did Susruta have with Viswamitra?
3) Where did Susruta learn surgery and medicine?
4) Who was the first physician to advocate ‘Caesarean operation’?
5) What was Susruta expert in?
6) Who is considered as the father of anaesthesia?
7) What makes him to consider as the father of anaesthesia?
8) Where was Dhanvantari’s hermitage?
9) Who was Dhanvantari?
10) What is ‘Caesation operation’ aimed at?
Answers:
1) Susruta was born in 6th century B.C.
2) Susruta was the descendent of Viswamitra.
3) Susruta learn surgdbry and medicine at the feet of Dhanvantari at his hermitage in Varanasi.
4) Susruta was the first physician to advocate caesarian operation.
5) Susaita was expert in removing in urinary stones, locating and treating fractures and doing eye operation, for-cataract.
6) Susruta is considered as the father of anaesthesia.
7) His suggestion to give wine to patients about to be operated upon makes him the father of anaesthesia.
8) Dhanvantari’s hermitage was in Varanasi.
9) Dhanvantari was an Indian ancient physician and he was the teacher of Susruta.
10) Caesarean operation is aimed at family planning.

5. Read the following passage.

Susrutha was born in the sixth century B.C. He belonged to the clan of Viswamitra. He learnt medicine and surgery at the feet of Divodasa Dhanvantari in his hermitage at Varanasi. Later, he became an authority in not only surgery but also in other branches of medicine.
Susrutha was the first physician to advocate what is today known as the ‘caesarean’ operation. He was also an expert in removing urinary stones, locating fractures and doing eye operations for cataract.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Which period did Susrutha belong to?
2) What did Susrutha learn from Dhanvantari?
3) Pick out the Word which means ‘a shelter’.
4) Which operation did Susrutha recommend?
5) How did Susrutha great cataract?
Answers:
1) Susrutha belonged to sixth century B.C.
2) medicine and surgery
3) a hermitage
4) caesarean operation
5) by performing operations

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.

There seems to be a general opinion in this country that ‘Sardar Patel was slightly of a harsh and rough temperament. People call him ‘The Iron Man of India”. He was, no doubt, an iron man in the sense that one could rely on him for strict and efficient administration. But as a man, those who had the good fortune of coming into close contact with him, he was kind and considerate. At times he even became emotional, where his personal friends and followers were concerned. He knew the way of picking people and placing them in their proper places. When the native princes refused to amalgamate their kingdoms with the Indian Union, he was forced to take military action on the states like Kashmir, Nizam and Nawanagar. His mission was successful. At times he was not in good terms with Jawaharlal Nehru. Gandhiji used to intervene and cleared the differences between them.
Now answer the following questions.

1) What is the general opinion in the country about Sardar Patel?
Answer:
The general opinion in the country that Sardar Patel was of a harsh and rough temperament.

2) Why was Patel called ‘The Iron Man of India”?
Answer:
Patel was called “The Iron man of India” because everyone could rely on him for strict and efficient administration.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) What did Patel know? ( )
a) Putting the right man in the right job
b) Pacifying the differences with others
c) How to take military action on princely states
Answer:
a) Putting the right man in the right job

4) Why did Patel take military action on three native states? ( )
a) Because they refused to surrender their states
b) As they demanded high compensation
c) Since they supported the British rule
Answer:
a) Because they refused to surrender their states

5) What is the phrase used in the passage that means ‘be friendly with’? ( )
a) rough temperament b) picking people c) in good terms
Answer:
c) in good terms

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Swami Vivekananda, speaking in America, told a story in order to impress upon his hearers how very little as a rule, people really longed for God. He told of a young man who came to a religious teacher and said that he wanted to find God. The sage smiled and said nothing. The young man returned home. After many days he met the sage and put him the same question. The sage asked him to accompany him as he went to the river to take his morning bath; and when both were in the river, the sage took hold of the young man and plunged him under the surface of the water and held him there. The young man struggled and struggled to take off his hold. Finally the sage raised him out of the water, and said to him, “My son, what did you long for most when you were under the water ? “A breath of air”, gasped the youth. ‘Thus must the disciple long for God. If you have firm belief in God, you will find Him.”

Now answer the following questions.
1) What did the young man long for when he was under the surface of the water?
Answer:
The young man longed for a gasp of air when he was under the surface of the water.

2) When can one find God according to the sage?
Answer:
According to the sage, one can find God if he has a firm belief in Him. He longed for God as greatly as he longed for a gasp of air when he was under the surface of water.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given:
3) What was the intention of Swami Vivekananda? ( )
a) To tell the people that God exists
b) To impress on the people to follow his ideals
c) To treat him as a religious teacher
Answer:
c) To treat him as a religious teacher

4) What did the sage ask the young man to do? ( )
a) To take regular bath in the morning
b) Not to doubt the existence of God
c) To follow him to the river
Answer:
c) To follow him to the river

5) When both were in the river, what did the sage do with the young man? ( )
a) He plunged him under the surface of the water
b) He raised him out of the water
c) He made the young man realise the existence of God.
Answer:
a) He plunged him under the surface of the water

3. Read the following passage carefully.

Up the river Hudson in North America are the Catskill mountains. They are not so high as the Himalayas in India. In a certain village at the foot of these mountains there lived long ago a man called Rip Van Winkle. He was simple and good natured. A very kind neighbour and a great favourite of all the good wives in the neighbourhood. The women took his side and put the blame on Dam Van Winkle.
The children of the village too would shout with joy whenever they saw him. He made play things for them. He told them fairy tales. So they liked him.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did children like Rip Van Winkle?
Answer:
Rip Van Winkle used to make play things for children. He told them fairy tales. So children liked Rip Van Winkle very much.

2) What kind of man was Rip Van Winkle?
Answer:
Rip Van Winkle was simple and good natured. He was a very kind neighbour and a great favpurite of all the women and children in the village.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given:
3) Where are the Catskill mountains? ( )
a) In South America
b) In Africa
c) In North America
Answer:
c) In North America

4) Where did Rip Van Winkle live? ( )
a) On the top of Catskill mountains
b) In a village at the foot of the Catskill mountains
c) In a city in North America
Answer:
b) In a village at the foot of the Catskill mountains

5) Who liked Rip Van Winkle very much? ( )
a) All the wives in the neighbourhood
b) All the husband? in the neighbourhood
c) All the friends in the village
Answer:
a) All the wives in the neighbourhood

4. Read the following passage carefully.

In the American War of Independence, a Corporal and a party of soldiers were ordered to raise a heavy beam for a battery that was being repaired. There were too few men for the work, but the Corporal, full of his dignity did nothing but stand by and shout orders, pres-ently an officer, not in uniform rode up. “Hallo,” he said to Corporal, ’why don’t you lend your men a hand to get that beam up? “Don’t you know that I am a Corporal ? was the reply, “Are you ?” said the officer, who then got down from his horse and joined the men. He worked till the sweat streamed down his face. When the beam had been raised and put to its place, he turned to the Corporal and bade him a low bow, “Good day Mr. Corporal. Next time when you have too few men for this kind of work, send for the Commander in Chief and I shall be happy to.help you again.”
It was George Washington himself.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did the officer get down from the horse?
Answer:
The officer got down from his horse to help the men in their work.

2) Who was the person that helped the men and the Corporal?
Answer:
The person that helped the man and the Corporal was none other than the President of America, George Washington.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given:
3) What was to be raised? ( )
a) A battery
b) A cannon
c) A beam
Answer:
c) A beam

4) Who was the person that was having dignity? ( )
a) The Corporal
b) The Soldier
c) The President
Answer:
a) The Corporal

5) What did the Corporal have? ( )
a) Very few men
b) Many men
c) A lot of soldiers
Answer:
a) Very few men

5. Read the following passage carefully.

Thirteen hundred years ago, a great traveller from China came to India in search of wisdom and knowledge. His name was Hiuen Tsang and over the deserts and mountains of the north he came, braving many dangers, facing and overcoming man obstacles so great was his thirst for knowledge and he spent many years in India learning himself and teaching others. He stayed at the great university of Nalanda, which existed then near the city, that used to be called Pataliputra and is now known as Patna. Hiuen Tsang was given the ‘title of ‘Master of Law’ the law of the. Buddha. He journeyed all over India and saw and studied the people. Later he wrote a book of his travel known as Si-Yu-Ki.

Now answer the following questions.
1) How did Hiuen Tsang spend many years in India?
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang spent many years in India learning himself and teaching others.

2) What was the earlier name of the city, Patna?
Answer:
Pataliputra

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) What was the title given to Hiuen Tsang? ( )
a) Master of Wisdom
b) Master of Law
c) Master of Nalanda
Answer:
b) Master of Law

4) Hiuen Tsang came to India in search of ( )
a) Si-Yu-Ki.
b) deserts and mountains
c) wisdom and knowledge.
Answer:
c) wisdom and knowledge.

5) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
a) Hiuen Tsang spent a few years in India.
b) The book, ‘Si-Yu-Ki’ was written by Hiuen Tsang.
c) Hiuen Tsang went to China to teach at Nalanda University.
Answer:
b) The book, ‘Si-Yu-Ki’ was written by Hiuen Tsang.

Additional Questions:
1) Why did Hiuen Tsang come to India?
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang came to India in search of wisdom and knowledge.

2) How did Hiuen Tsang come to India?
Answer:
He crossed the deserts and mountains of the north. He overcame many dangers, many obstacles and came to India.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) What was the title given to Hiuen Tsang?
a) Master of science
b) Master of Arts
c) Master of Law
Answer:
c) Master of Law

4) What did Hiuen Tsang cross over?
a) Deserts and mountains
b) Rivers and plains
c) Valley and meadows
Answer:
a) Deserts and mountains

5) Where did he stay?
a) At Pataliputra
b) At Patna
c) At Nalanda
Answer:
c) At Nalanda

6. Read the following passage.

When you read a book, it feels great to put yourself into the world the writer has created for you. The habit of reading good content daily will act as an exercise for your mind and keep you mentally fit and flexible. Reading a book does not mean that you read a book only in English, it can be in any language in which you feel comfortable. If you have never given it a try then always remember that it’s never too late to start a good habit.
Books are of many types. Some books inspire us, some books give us a moral, some books act as a turning point in our lives. Reading books also improves our language and vocabulary. Sometimes books bring tears or laughter. The first book in the life of every person is their mother.
Books like the Gita, the Mahabharata, the Quran and the Bible inspire us and teach the best lessons of our life. Some books enlighten us with the great works, struggles and achievements of great people in the society. If you want to select a best friend in life, then it’s time to select books as your best friends because books give good company in our good or
bad times.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Why can books be our best friends according to the passage?
Answer:
because books give good company in our good or bad times

2) Which books inspire us and teach us the best lessons?
Answer:
Books like the Gita, the Mahabharatha, the Bible and the Quran inspire us while reading.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) The habit of reading good content in books helps us ( )
a) to stay physically healthy
b) to be away from friends
c) to be mentally fit and flexible
Answer:
c) to be mentally fit and flexible

4) Choose the first book for any person. ( )
a) The Gita
b) Our mother
c) The Bible
Answer:
b) Our mother

5) Which of the following statements is TRUE? ( )
a) We don’t need books if we have our mother’s company.
b) Books bring out different emotions in us.
c) We should read only holy books.
Answer:
b) Books bring out different emotions in us.

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. In the table given below the data is given about different age groups in different employment sectors.
Read the table and answer the following questions:

Employment	18-25	25-40	40-65
Sector	age group	age group	age group
agriculture	5	7	9
manufacturing	12	15	23
health	12	15	12
retail	23	7	6
accountancy	3	2	3
education	9	12	12

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the above table show?
2) In which sector are very small member of people working?
3) In which sector are maximum number of people working?
4) In which sector are maximum number of young people working?
5) In which sector are maximum number of old people working?
Answers:
1) The above table shows people of different age groups working under different employment sectors.
2) In education sector very small number of people are working.
3) In manufacturing sector maximum number of people are working.
4) In retail sector maximum number of young people are working.
5) In manufacturing sector maximum number of old people are working.

2. Study the pie-charts and answer the questions given below them.

Now answer the following questions.
1. Which of the following constitute most of the weight in the human body? ( )
a) water
b) proteins
c) dry elements
d) bones
Answer:
a) water

2. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
a) Proteins constitute 11 per cent of the human body.
b) Dry elements constitute 15 pet cent of the human body.
c) Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5 of the human body.
Answer:
c) Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5 of the human body.

3. If a person’s weight is 100 kilograms, how much do his bones weigh?
Answer:
20 kgs

4. If the proteins in a person weight 12 kilograms, what will be his weight?
Answer:
50 kgs

5. Are the bones in our body heavier than the water in our body? Support your answer.
Answer:
The weight of bones in our body (in %) = \(\frac{1}{5}\) × 100 = 20 %
∴ Hence the bones in our body are not heavier than water in our body.

3. Study the table given below and observe the changing patterns of unemployment in some advanced countries. Answer the questions that follow.

Now answer the following questions.
1. How many countries are compared in the given table?
2. What period does the table represent?
3. Which country has the least unemployment rate in 2005?
4. Which country has a decrease of nearly 6% in unemployment rate between 2000 and 2006?
5. In the case of every country we can notice that (Choose the correct answer.)
a) The unemployment rate is steadily increasing.
b) The unemployment rate is steadily decreasing.
c) The unemployment rate is fluctuating i.e., sometimes it rises and sometimes it falls.
6. Which year recorded the highest unemployment rate for many countries?
7. Which country recorded the least fluctuations in the unemployment rate?
Answers:
1) Eight countries are compared in the given table.
2) The table represents the period 2000 – 2006.
3) Japan has the least unemployment rate in 2005.
4) Spain has a decrease of nearly 6% in unemployment rate between 2000 and 2006.
5) c) The unemployment rate is fluctuating i.e., sometimes it rises and sometimes it falls.
6) 2003
7) Germany

4. Read the following tree diagram showing the constituents of blood.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What are red cells called?
2) How many main constituents are there in blood? What are they?
3) How many categories are there in granulocytes?
4) Under which category do monocytes come?
5) Are neutrophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Answers:
1) Red cells are called Erythrocytes.
2) There are three main constituents are there in blood.
They are 1) erythrocytes 2) thrombocytes 3) leucocytes.
3) There are three sub categories in granulocytes.
4) Monocytes come under agranulocytes.
5) Neutrophytes are granulocytes.

5. Read the following pie-chart which shows the spendings of a country on various sports.

Now answer the following questions.
1) On which sports maximum amount is spent?
2) How much percent more is spent oh hockey than on golf?
3) How much percent less is spent on football than that on cricket?
4) The sum of total spendings on tennis and golf is equal to the total spending on which game?
5) The difference of spendings on cricket and basketball is equal to the spending on which game?
Answers :
1) On cricket
2) 27% (63% – 36%)
3) 27% (81% – 54%)
4) Cricket (45 + 36 = 81%)
5) other games (81 – 50)

6. Read the following tree diagram carefully.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) What does the above diagram show?
2) What are the three main categories of musical instruments?
Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Which of the following is a stringed instrument? [ ]
a) Harp
b) Horn
c) Tabla
4) What type of musical instrument is Xylophone? [ ]
a) Percussion instrument
b) Wind instrument
c) Stringed instrument
5) Which of the following statements TRUE based on the information given. [ ]
a) All string instruments are a type of percussion instruments.
b) Wood block is a wind instrument.
c) Guitar and Violin are stringed instruments.
Answers :
1) The above diagram shows a tree-diagram of musical instruments.
2) Three catagories.
(1) Wind instruments,
(2) Percussion instruments,
(3) Stringed instruments.
3) a) Harp
4) a) Percussion instrument
5) c) Guitar and Violin are stringed instruments.

7. Study the family tree of Bala Krishna.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Who are the grandparents of Praveen?
2) How many granddaughters does Bala Krishna have?
Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Medha is the daughter of   [ ]
a) Rohit b) Veena c) Bhavya
4) Praveen and Raasi are   [ ]
a) brothers b) cousins c) friends
5) Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the information given?
a) Rohit has two daughters.
b) Ananya and Raasi are cousins.   [ ]
c) Rohit’s wife is Bhavya.
Answers:
1) Balakrishna and Ragini
2) Five granddaughters
3) b) Veena
4) b) cousins
5) a) Rohit has two daughters.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. In the lesson ‘C.V. Raman, the Pride of India’, you have read about the greatness of C.V. Raman. Now, imagine that you are the secretary of the Science Club of your school and prepare a script for a speech to deliver on the National Science Day.
Use the following hints to write a script for the speech.
C.V. Raman – bom on November 7, 1888 – at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu – interested in science – spent much time in his laboratory – became a great scientist – bright student from the beginning – discovered the Raman Effect – the world hailed – caught the attention of the world – won the Nobel Prize in 1930 in Physics – research in optics – elected to the Royal Society of London – studied wholly in India – passed away on November 21 in 1970 – National Science Day on 28 February is celebrated on the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’.
Answer:
Honourable Judges, Teachers, Guests and all my dear friends. I have been given the privilege of speaking on C.V. Raman on this National Science Day. You know National Science Day is celebrated every year on 28th February in order to remember the great invention of ‘Raman Effect’ by C.V. Raman on the same day in the year 1928.
It is very much proper to know about Sri. C.V. Raman on this occasion. C.V. Raman was born on 7, November 1888 at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. He became a great scientist who became the pride of India. He was a brilliant student from the beginning. He was interested in science. He wrote many research papers for science journals. He became the member of the Indian Association for cultivation of Science at the age of 19. He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924. He started his own laboratory with no sophisticated equipment. He spent much time in his laboratory. C.V. Raman had been doing research in optics, the Science of Light. On 16, March, 1928 Raman announced his discovery of ‘new radiation’ to an assembly of scientists at Bangalore. The world hailed this discovery as “Raman Effect”. With this he made all Indians proud. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200 and limited facilities, Raman was able to make discovery. For his Raman Effect he was given a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He was made a knight of the British Empire in 1929.
C.V. Raman was the first – Indian scholar who studied wholly in India and received Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and first non-white to win such a great award in science. He passed away on 21, November 1970. But his memories are with us. So it is appropriate to celebrate 28th February of every year as National Science Day to commemorate C.V. Raman’s remarkable achievement in Science.
Thank you one and all for giving me this wonderful opportunity.

2. Write a biographical sketch on the life of Sri C.V. Raman.
Answer:
C.V. Raman was bom on November 7, 1888 at Tiruchirapalli in Tamilnadu. He was a brilliant student right from the start. When he passed his matriculation, his parents are keen on sending him to abroad for higher studies. But the doctors advised not to send him abroad for , higher studies On medical grounds. So Raman completed his M.A. course at Presidency Col-lege In Madras. He was very much interested in science. He used to write research papers in science journals. At the age of 19, he became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. He took up an administrative job in Finance Ministry in Calcutta. Though he joined in an administrative job his interest in science did not flag. He used to spend hours after office in the lab of the Association, Raman was mainly interested in acoustics, the science of sound. Later he built his own laboratory. He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924. For five years he had done research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated equipment was available in his laboratory. Finally on 28 February, 1928 Raman announced his discovery, which is known as ‘Raman Effect’. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200/- and limited facilities, Raman was able to make a discovery. The whole world hailed his discovery. For his Raman Effect he got Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
C.V. was the first Indian scientist who studied wholly in India and received the Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and the first non-white to win such a great, award, in Science. C.V. Raman passed away on 21, November 1970 February 28 the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’ is celebrated as ‘National Science Day’ to commemorate his remarkable achievement in Science.

3. Write a paragraph on J.C. Bose using the hints given below. You must use the right linkers to join the sentences.
Answer:
Jagadish Chandra Bose (J.C. Bose) was a famous- Indian Scientist. He was born on 30th September, 1858.
J.C. Bose studied at St. Xavier’s School in Calcutta. Later he went abroad for higher stud¬ies. He returned to India in 1885. He published a Monograph which was about the response in the living and the non-living. He became famous by being a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920.
J.C. Bose invented wireless telegraphy in 1895. He proved that plants have life.
J.C, Bose invented Crescograph, an instrument with which the growth in plants can be known.
J.C. Bose founded the Bose Institute in Calcutta. He devoted most of his life to the study of plants J.C. Bose passed away on 23rd November, 1937.

4. On the occasion of Science Day you have to deliver a speech about our ancient Indian scientist and doctor, surgeon Susruta. Prepare a script for the speech using the following hints.
Susruta – born in 6th century B.C. – father of plastic surgery – great surgeon – first person – Rhinoplasty, plastic surgery to nose – given about 101 types of instruments – book – Susruta Samhitha – still in use – excellent teacher – pupils – good physician – both theory and practice.
Answer:
Honourable teachers, guests and all my dear friends. I have been given the privilege of speaking on Susruta, the ancient Indian scientist, doctor and the first plastic surgeon, on this National Science Day. You know National Science day is celebrated every year on 28th February in order to remember the great invention of Raman Effect by C.V. Raman on the same day in the year 1928.
On this day, it is very much proper to know about another great ancient scientist and doctor Susrutha. Susrutha was born in 6th century B.C. He learnt surgery and medicine from Dhanvantri in Varanasi. He became a great surgeon and physician. He was considered as father of plastic surgery. He was the first doctor to conduct Rhinoplasty, plastic surgery to nose. He designed 101 types of surgical instruments useful to perform for various surgeries. His treatise “Susruta Samhita” is a great reference book even today. He was an excellent teacher too.
He advocated the importance of practical. He advised his pupils to use carcasses and models for practice.
Thank you for giving me this opportunity on this auspicious day.

(A)

1. The Marriage of your elder sister is going to be held on 25th July 20xx at Vasavi Kalyana Mandapam, in Nellore. The bridegroom is an engineer. He is not taking any dowry. Write a letter to your friend inviting him to the marriage.
Answer:

Nellore.
10. 7. 20xx.

Dear Ravi,
I hope that you are in good health and you are going along nicely in your studies. Here I’m very glad to inform you that my elder sister’s marriage is going to be take place on 25th July 20x x at Vasavi Kalyana Mandapam, Nellore. The bridegroom is an engineer. He is working in B.D.L. Hyderabad. Their is a nice family. They seem to be friendly and dignified people. One thing I want to mention here that they are I not taking any dowry and they did demand any greedy gifts. I shall be very glad to see at you and your family at the function. Please inform your parents about the same and tell them that my parents will be pleased if they attend the function. My father wants to call your father and mother and invite them on phone. I have already posted the invitation on your father’s name. I shall be very glad if you come two days before and help me in preparations.
Convey my regards to your parents and my best wishes to your,little brother. Hoping that you will come, I remain.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
R Ravi Kumar,
S/o Surya Narayana,
H.No: 1 – 20 – 22/A,
Malladivari street,
Gandhinagar,
Vijayawada.

2. You are Ravi. You’ve received a letter from your friend Rahul. Inviting you and your family to his elder sister’s marriage. But on the same day you and your family are attending your neice’s marriage at Hyderabad. Hence write a letter to your friend apologising him for not attending his sister’s marriage.
Answer:

Vijayawada.
12. 7. 20xx.

Dear Rahul,
It was great to hear from you and I’m really glad that things are working out for you there in your school.
I’m very glad to know about your sisters marriage. My parents are also very happy to know this. We are very much happy when we know about the gentlemanship of your would be brother-in-law. What a nice people they are! Who will marry a girl without taking a dowry these days ? We are very much pleased to know this.
Here I want to apologize you. We are unable to attend your sister’s marriage. We’re extremely sorry for not attending your sister’s marriage because the same day. We have to attend our cousins marriage at Hyderabad. Since the bride has no father, my parents are performing the rituals of the marriage . So we cannot avoid it My father asked me to convey his apologies to your father. He will write a letter to your father personally.
My parents asked me to convey their blessings and best wishes to your sister. We’ll visit your home at a convenient day very soon after the marriage.
Hoping that you’ll excuse us, I remain.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
To
R. Rahul,
S/o R. Srinivasa Rao,
H.No: 8 – 3 – 1/A.
Chaturvedula vari street,
Trunk Road,
Nellore.

3. Write a letter to your friend asking him/her to visit your village during Dasara vacation. Describe what activities he/she can participate in during the festival along with you.
Answer:
H.No.: 242/7B,
Komaravallipadu.
20. 03. 20xx.

Dear Shashank,
I am safe here and I hope the same with you. I am studying well and I hope the same with you.
Now, I would like to invite you to come to my village in Dasara vacation and spend at least a week in my village. Ours is a family of six members – grandparents, my parents, me and my younger sister. My grandparents are very friendly and looking after our fields and cattle. My father is a high school teacher. My mother is a house-wife. She takes care of us very much. My sister studies in class V in our village.
Ours is a very beautiful village. There are a lot of places worth watching in our village. Beautiful green fields, ancient Lord Shiva’s temple and running streams and some others are worth watching. My mother will prepare delicious dishes for us.
We are looking forward to seeing you, Convey my regards to your parents and my best wishes to your little sister.
Awaiting your arrival ………….

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
To
C. Shashank,
S/o C. Ravi Prakash,
D. No. 18 – 208,
Nagaram Town
Keesara Mandal,
Hyderabad.
PIN: 500001.

4. Recently you paid a visit to your relatives place. You spent your holidays there. You visited a temple. You met new friends. You also attended some family functions.
Now, write a letter to your friend describing your visit to your relatives place. Also, invite your friend to visit your place.
Answer:

Tenali.
13-3-xx.

Dear friend,
We are all safe here and I hope the same with you all there. I am doing very well here. I hope you are also doing well there. In this I would like to write to you about how I enjoyed myself in my relative’s place.
During the recent holidays I paid a visit to my relative’s house. I spent all my holidays there. There I visited Sri Janardhana Swamy Temple which is said to be built by Sri Krishnadevaraya. It was famous for its architecture. The idols of Sridevi, Bhudevi and Sri Janardhana Swamy are beautiful and full of life. I have made some new friends there. They are very much amiable and sociable. I also attended some family functions there. All my stay there was quite entertaining, hectic and full of energy and enthusiasm.
Convey my regards to your parents. Why don’t you visit our place during the Sankranthi holidays? I am looking forward to seeing you here. I will assure you I will make your stay here full of fun and entertainment.

Yours lovingly,
xxxx

Addres on the Envelope:
To
xxxxx
S/o K. Krishna Reddy,
Near Ramalayam,
Main Road,
Kollipara.

(B) Write a story using the following hints.
1. A crow – find a peice of meat – take the piece of meat fly – about to eat – a cunning fox – sees piece of meat – wants to take it – Fox says – crow has a sweat voice – to sing a song – vexed with his repeated requests – put the piece of meat – under his leg says – that he has already read the story – get away from there.
Answer:
One day a crow found a piece of meat somewhere. The crow took the piece of the meat in its beak and flew off to a tree nearby. As it was about to eat the meat, a cunning fox came there. The fox saw the piece of the meat. Somehow he wanted to take it away from the crow. Then the fox said that the crow had a sweet voice. He asked the crow to sing a song for him. He repeatedly requested the crow for a song. Having been vexed with his repeated requests the crow put the piece of the meat under his claw and asked the fox to get away from there. He told the fox that he had already read the story of stupid crow and cunning fox.

2. An old tiger – weak – unable to catch its prey – thinks of a plan – wants to draw his pray closer – showing a golden bangle – bait – a poor man – comes – the other side of the river – about to drink water – hears someone calls – sees the tiger – afraid – tries to run away – tiger’s call – great scholar – changed – sorry for sing – now a pious – accept the golden ring – poor man – sees the golden bangle – becomes greedy – greediness overcomes – fear – goes close to tiger – to accept the ring – tiger spring up – kill – eat.
Answer:
Once there was on old tiger. He was week. He was unable to catch his prey. So he thought of a plan. He wanted to draw his prey closer to him by showing the golden bangle as a bait.
One day a poor man came that way. He was on the other side of the river. When he was about to drink water, he heard someone calling him. He looked up and saw the tiger on the other side of the river. At first the poor man was afraid. He tried to ran away from there. At the same time he heard the tiger’s call again “Oh! great scholar, I don’t harm you. I am now a changed one. I am sorry for my sins. I am now a pious man ! please accept golden ring and help me to recede my sins.”
When the poor man saw the golden bangle, he became greedy. His greediness overcame his fear. He believed the tiger’s words. So he went close to the tiger to accept the golden ring. At once the tiger sprang upon him, killed him and ate him.
This story tells us “Greediness brings us misery”.

3. Two cats – quarrel – a cake – claim – the cake belongs to him – keeps on quarrel – not know – go to a monkey – known for his wisdom – to share the cake – cuts the cake – two equal parts – make them equal – eats a small piece – piece becomes smaller – monkey – eats the second piece – becomes smaller – repeats the same trick – eats up – goes away – disappointed.
Answer:
One day two cats were quarrelling over a cake. They both claimed that the cake belonged to him. They kept on quarrelling for a long time. But they did not know what to do. Then they went to a monkey. The monkey was noted for his wisdom. They asked him to share the cake between themselves. The monkey intentionally cut the cake into two unequal parts. To make them equal the monkey ate a small piece of the bigger piece. Now that piece became smaller. Then the monkey ate the second piece. Then it became smaller. Thus the monkey repeated the same trick several times and ate up all the cake. Then the two cats went away disappointedly.

4. Write a news report to a daily about how the inefficient garbage system in your city is affecting the people and the role of community and government in the disposal of garbage in a safe way.
Answer:
Need of efficient garbage system – Role of community and government in bringing UP cleanliness

Guntur,
24 – 10 – 20xx.

Guntur city is facing a severe problem of inefficient garbage system. A huge quantity of domestic wastes including kitchen wastes, vegetable peels, paper wastes and hazardous hospital wastes are produced daily. Due to the lack of proper disposal system, many health problems are prevailing in the city. There is an urgent need to establish an eco-friendly waste disposal system.
People have to play a key role in reducing the quantity of domestic wastes by practising 3 R’s principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Government has to take necessary steps to solve this problem by implementing the best solid waste management methods like incineration and sanitary landfills. Otherwise people will suffer from different ailments.

Vocabulary

Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.

1. house; lived; prize; died; completely; intellectual
C.V. Raman has the first Indian scholar (a) who studied wholly (b) in India and received the Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and the first non-white to win such a great award (c) in science. He passed away (d) in 1970 on November 21. But his memories ace with us.
Answer:
a) intellectual
b) completely
c) prize
d) died

2. thrill; friendship; organization; tools; development; farming
On the busy Bow bazaar street in Calcutta there was an old building. It was head quarters of the Indian Association (a) for cultivation (b) of science, In December on a fine evening in 1927, there was much excitement (c) in one of its laboratories. Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments (d) in his laboratory.
Answer:
a) organisation
b) development
c) thrill
d) tools

3. laughing; overjoyed; consequence; good; magnificent; sad
Raman was equally delighted (a). “Excellent (b) news,” he said, smiling (c) at the visitor and then he was lost in thought. “But…. look here, Krishnan,” he said turning to the young man, “if this Compton Effect (d) is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too.”
Answer:
a) overjoyed
b) good
c) laughing
d) consequence

4. instruments; changes; quality; advanced; infrastructure; creation
Could light also change its nature (a) when passed through a transparent medium? That was the question that Raman asked himself. For five years he had been doing research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated (b) equipment (c) was available in his laboratory, but Raman was confident that he could find the answer with some modifications (d) in his equipment.
Answer:
a) quality
b) advanced
c) instruments
d) changes

5. interested; causes; fields; clever; foreign countries; dull
C.V. Raman was a brilliant (a) student right from the start. When Raman passed his matriculation, his parents were keen (b) to send him abroad (c) for higher studies. But on medical grounds, (d) a British surgeon advised them against it.
Answer:
a) clever
b) interested
c) foreign countries
d) causes

6. desires; decline; impact; journey; magazine; imagination
Science had already made an impression (a) on him and he began to write research papers for science journals (b). When he was only 19, he became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. Meanwhile, respecting his parents’ wishes (c) he took up an administrative job in the Finance Ministry in Calcutta. His interest in science, however, did not flag (d).
Answer:
a) impact
b) magazine
c) desires
d) decline

7. invention, nation, praised
The world hailed (a) the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’. For scientific research in this country (b), it was a red-letter day.
Answer:
a) praised
b) nation

8. kingly, selected, divine
He was elected (a) to the Royal (b) Society of London in 1924 and the British Govt, made him knight of the British Empire.
Answer:
a) selected
b) kingly

9. The following sentences are from your lesson. Read them carefully and tick ( ✓ ) the correct meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.
1. His parents were keen to send him abroad for higher studies.
(a) particular (b) eager (c) worried
Answer:
(b) eager

2. The world hailed the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’.
(a) admired (b) called (c) thought
Answer:
(a) admired

3. In his youth Raman was mainly interested in acoustics.
(a) primarily (b) simply (c) certainly
Answer:
(a) primarily

4. The British made Raman a knight of the British Empire.
(a) appointed (b) managed (c) placed
Answer:
(a) appointed

5. Raman passed awav on November 21, 1970.
(a) was killed (b) died (c) left
Answer:
(b) died

9. Read the following paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.

1. On the busy (a) Bowbazaar Street in Calcutta there was an old (b) building. It was the head-quarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. In December, on a fine evening (c) in 1927. there was much excitement (d) in one of its laboratories.
Answer:
a) quiet
b) new
c) morning
d) boredom

2. Raman was equally (a) delighted (b) “Excellent (c) news” he said, smiling at the visitor and then he was lost (d) in thought.
Answer:
a) unequally
b) disappointed
c) unworthy
d) regained

3. Could light also change its nature when passed through a transparent (a) medium? That was the question (b) Raman asked himself. For five years he had been doing research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated equipment was available (c) in his laboratory, but Raman was confident (d) that he could find the answer with some modifications in his equipment.
Answer:
a) opaque
b) answer
c) unavailable
d) diffident

4. C.V. Raman was a brilliant (a) student right from the start (b). When Raman passed (c) his matriculation, his parents were keen to send him abroad for higher (d) studies.
Answer:
a) dull
b) ending
c) failed
d) lower

5. C.V.Raman was the first (a) Indian scholar (b) who studied wholly (c) in India and received the Nobel Prize. He was the first Indian and the first non-white to win (d) such a great award in science.
Answer:
a) last
b) layman
c) partially
d) defeat/lose

6. Susruta led (a) the stranger (b) to a neat and clean (c) room, with surgical instruments on its walls. He washed his face with water and the juice of medicinal plant. He then offered him a mug of wine and began (d) preparing for the operation.
Answer:
a) followed
b) acquaintance
c) dirty
d) ended

10. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.

1. It was the headquarters of the Indian ——– (a) (Associate/Association) for ——– (b) (Cultivation/Cultivate) of Science. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much ——– (c) (excitement/excite) in one of its laboratories. Then K.S.Krishnan, rushed in and ——– (d) (announce/announced), “Professor Compton has won the Nobel Prize.”
Answer:
a) association
b) cultivation
c) excitement
d) announced

2. Raman was ——– (a) (equal/equally) delighted. “Excellent news,” he said, ——– (b) (smiling/smile) at the visitor and then he was ——– (c) (lose/lost) in thought. “But …. look here, Krishnan,” he said: ——– (d) (turn/turning) to the young man, “if this Comptpn Effect is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too.”
Answer:
a) equally
b) smillng
c) Lost
d) turning

3. No ——– (a) (sophisticated/sophisticate) equipment was ——– (b) (avail/available) in his laboratory, but Raman was ——– (c) (confidence/confident) that he could find the answer with some ——– (d) (modifications/modifies) in his equipment.
Answer:
a) sophisticated
b) available

4. a) He was shocked to see a snake in his room but he recovered from his ——– (shock/ shocking) in no time.
b) He pretended to look relieved but, in fact, he did not have any ——– (relieve/relief).
c) I can understand your (excitement/excite). But do not be so excited that you have health problems.
d) Raju, an auto driver, was very honest. His ——– (honest/honesty) was known to everybody when he returned the bag of jewellery a passenger had left in his auto.
Answer:
a) shock
b) relief
c) confident
d) modifcations

5. Raman was mainly ——– (a) (interested / interesting) in acoustics, the science of sound. He studied how stringed instruments like the violin and the sitar could ——– (produce/production) harmonious music.
Answer:
a) interested
b) produce
c) excitement
d) honesty

a) Complete the following words using ai, ea, ee, ia, ie, iu, oa, oo, ou, ua, ue, ui.

1. On the busy Bowbazaar (a) Str _ _ t in Calcutta there was an old (b) b _ _ lding.
2. A (a) y _ _ ng man named K.S. Krishnan.(b) ann _ _ nced, “Professor Compton, has won the Nobel Prize.”
3. “If this Compton Effect is (a) tr _ _ of X-rays, it must be true of light (b) t _ _ .”
4. Could light also change its nature when passed (a) thr _ _ gh a transparent (b) med _ _ m?
5. No sophisticated (a) eq _ _ pment was (b) av _ _ lable in his laboratory.
6. (a) F _ _ r months later, on March 16, 1928, Raman announced his discovery of ‘new (b) rad _ _ tion’.
7. For (a) sc _ _ ntific (b) res _ _ rch in this country, it was a red-letter day.
8. His parents were keen to send him (a) abr _ _ d for higher (b) stud _ _ s.
9. In his (a) y _ _ th, Raman was mainly interested in (b) ac _ _ sties.
10. He studied how stringed instruments like the violin (a) c _ _ ld produce” (b) harmoni _ _ s music.
Answer:
1. a) Street b) building
2. a) young b)announced
3. a) true b) too
4. a) through b) medium
5. a) equipment b) available
6. a) Four b) radiation
7. a) scientific b) research
8. a) abroad b) studies
9. a) youth b) acoustics
10. a) could b) harmonious

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much (a) excite ——– (mant/ment) in one of its (b) laborato ——– (ries/rys).
2. Raman was (a) equa ——– (ly/lly) delighted, (b) “Excel ——– (ent/lent) news,” he said.
3. No sophisticated equipment was (a) avail ——– (able/ible) in his labora ——– (tary/tory).
4. Raman was (a) confi ——– (dant/dent) that he could find the answer with some (b) modifica ——– (tions/ssions) in his equipment.
5. His (a) disco ——– (very/vary) caught the (b) atten ——– (sion/tion) of the world.
6. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200/- and (a) limi ——– (tted/ted) (b) facili ——– (ties/tys), Raman was able to make a discovery.
7. February 28, the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’, is celebrated as National
Science Day to commemorate his achieve ——– (mant/ ment) in science: His achievement was remark ——– (able/ible).
8. Raman was the first Indian scholar who Studied who ——– (ly / lly) in India.
9. a) Raman was equally delighted. “Exce ——– (llent/lent) news,” he said.
b) Raman announced the discovery of ‘new radia ——– ‘ (sion/tion).
10. a) transpa ——– (rant/rent) b) equip ——– (mant/ment).
Answer:
1. a) excitement b) laboratories
2. a) equally b) Excellent
3. a) available b) laboratory
4. a) confident b) modifications
5. a) discovery b) attention
6. a) limited b) facilities
7. achievement, remarkable
8. wholly
9. a) Excellent b) radiation
10. a) transparent b) equipment

c) Find the wrongly spelt words and write the correct spelling.

i) building; head quarter; associasion; science
ii) excitement; laboratary; instrument; visitor
iii) announce; professer; delight; excellent
iv) nature; resarch; effect; through
v) mediam; question; optics; answer
vi) transperant; sophisticated; equipment; available
vii) confident; dependent; brillient; government
viii) discovery; honesty; monky; wholly
ix) behaviur; radiation; facilities; matriculation
x) luggage; marriage; carriage; collage
xi) impression; journal; surgen; throughout
xii) accousists; violin; produce; harmonious
xiii) advice; scintist; confine; essence
xiv) scholer; driver; teacher; preacher
xv) recieve; relieve; believe; achieve
xvi) science; equipment; sociaty; instrument
Answer:
i) association
ii) laboratory
iii) professor
iv) research
v) medium
vi) transparent
vii) brilliant
viii) monkey
ix) behaviour
x) college
xi) surgeon
xii) acoustics
xiii) scientist
xiv) scholar
xv) receive
xvi) society

12. Put the following words under correct headings.

A.

Answer:

B.

Answer:

C.


Answer:

D.

Answer:

13. A) Write the meaningful sentences using the words given below.
i) much:
ii) excellent:
iii) equally:
iv) too:
v) earlier:
vi) through:
vii) some:
viii) hardly :
ix) keen :
x) against:
Answer:
xiii) throughout:
xiv) wholly:
xv) used to:
Answer:
i) I don’t have much money with me.
ii) Her speech was absolutely excellent.
iii) Diet and exercise are equally important.
iv) Can I come too?
v) He learnt to play the violin at an early age.
vi) The thief got in through the window.
vii) Do you want to have some more tea?
viii) There’s hardly anytime left.
ix) John was very keen to help.
x) We are fighting against terrorism.
xi) I’ve already eaten my lunch.
xii) The doctor will see you again next week, meanwhile use these medicines regularly.
xiii) The ceremony lasted two hours anti we had to stand throughout the ceremony.
xiv) The government is not wholly to be blamed for the raising of prices.
xv) I used to live in Guntur when I was a boy.

B) Write the other forms of the following adjectives.
i) busy:
ii) excellent:
iii) young:
iv) confident:
v) brilliant:
vi) high:
vii) great:
viii) neat:
ix) clean:
x) large:
Answer:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
i) busy	busier	busiest
ii) excellent	more excellent	most excellent
iii) young	younger	youngest
iv) confident	more confident	most confident
v) brilliant	. more brilliant	most brilliant
vi) high	higher	highest
vii) great	greater	greatest
viii) neat	neater	neatest
ix) clean	cleaner	cleanest
x) large	larger	largest

C) Write the full forms of the following abbreviations.

Abbreviation    Full form
1) C.D.               ……………..
2) DVD.             ……………..
3) A.D.               ……………..
4) p.m.              ……………..
5) B.A.               ……………..
6) C.M               ……………..
7) B.C.               ……………..
Answer:
1. Compact Disk
2. Digital Video Disk
3. Anno Domini
4. Post meridian
5. Bachelor of Arts
6. Chief Minister
7. Before Christ

D) Write the full forms of the words in the blanks given against each of them.
(One is done for you as an example)
Short form of the word     Full form of the word
plane                                       aeroplane
kilo                                             ………….
para                                            ………….
specs                                          ………….
photo                                         ………….
Answer:
kilogram, paragraph, spectacles, photograph

Grammar

14. Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. Dolphins are very interesting animals. They, looks (a) like fish’but they are not fish. Fish has (b) cold blood but dolphins have warm blood. Fish can live under water and (c) dolphins cannot. They can stay in (d) water for a long time.
2. An (a) Olympic Games are the great (b) celebrations of sport in the world. They are held once . in four years. The Olympic Games began at (c) Olympia in 776 B.C. They took place from time to time till (d) 393 A.D.
3. Dhyanchand is (a) a very well – known hockey player. He was born at (b) 29 August 1905 in Allahabad. He studied in the (c) local secondary high school. In 1922, he joined a (d) British army as a sepoy.
4. Vikram Sarabhai was responsible to (a) the setting up of the Rocket Launching station or (b) space science and technology centre in (c) Thumba in Kerala. A (d) Rocket and Launching Ranger at Srihari Kota in Andhra Pradesh was set up by Dr. Sarabhai only.
5. Kites are man’s older (a) play things. Before kites man is using (b) dolls as play things. Man first used kites at (c) war. He used them to lift battle supplies. He used kites to carrying (d) other things also.
6. One day, a group of frog (a) decided to make a race and get to the top of an (b) high tower. A lot of people came to see them and give him (c) their support, but the race had just begin (d) and everybody was already saying that the frogs would not get there: It doesn’t made (e) any sense. You’ll never reach the top of the tower!
Answer:
1. a) look
b)have
c) but
d) under
2. a) The
b) greatest
c) in
d) until
3. a) was
b) on
c) a
d) the
4. a) for
b) and
c) at
d) The
5. a) oldest
b) was using
c) in
d) carry
6. a) frogs
b) a
c) them
d) begun
e) make

15. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct options given against the number of blanks.

1. Have you ever ——– (1) people putting ——– (2) thumb impression on important documents? This is done mainly ——– (3) illiterate people ——– (4) they cannot put their signatures.
1) A) see B) sees C) seen D) seeing
2) A) its B) his C) their D) her
3) A) with B) from C) by D) of
4) A) so B) because C) as D) since

2. The finger prints ——– (1) the police to ——– (2) the thieves and criminals. ——– (3) keep a record of the finger prints of thieves and criminals ——– (4) to them.
1) A) helps B) help C) helped D) helping
2) A) identify B) identifying C) identified D) identifies
3) A) He B) She C) They D) It
4) A) knows B) know C) known D) knowing

3. A cell phone is ——– (1) extremely sophisticated radio. ——– (2) cell phones ——– (3) can talk to anyone ——– (4) the planet from just about anywhere.
1) A) a B) an C) the D) any
2) A) by B) with C) from D) n
3) A) she B) he C) they D) you
4) A) on B) in C) over D) above

4. Abdul is ——– (1) friend. One evening he ——– (2) home from school. He saw a boy ——– (3) in a tank suddenly he jumped ——– (4) the tank and saved the boy.
1) A) I B) my C) me D) mine
2) A) is returning B) returns C) was returning D) returned
3) A) drowns B) drowning C) drowned D) drown
4) A) in B) on C) into D) over

5. ——– (1) zoo is a place ——– (2) many kinds of birds ——– (3) animals are bred and protected. A visit to zoo is not only pleasure giving ——– (4) educative and informative.
I) A) The B) A C) An D) Any
2) A) there B) here C) where D) at
3) A) but B) or C) and D) yet
4) A) as well as B) and C) but also D) in addition to

6. Atmosphere makes ——– (1) earth a planet of life. It ——– (2) us with the air to breathe, protects ——– (3) from dangerous solar rays ——– (4) saves us from extremes of heat and cold.
1. A) a B) an C) the D) that
2. A) supply B) supplies C) supplied D) supplyinq
3. A) we B) us C) our D) ours
4. A) but B) yet C) or D) and

7. Yudhisthira was the name of ——– (1) poor potter who ——– (2) in a certain kingdom. One night, ——– (3) he was returning after drinking ——– (4) than he should, he stumbled and fell over some pots. When he got up, he saw blood was oozing out of his forehead. There was a deep cut due to a broken piece of pot.
1. A) a B) an C) the D) any
2. A) live B) lived C) living D) lives
3. A) which B) where C) who D) when
4. A) much B) more C) many D) lot
Answer:
1. 1 – C; 2 – C; 3 – C; 4 – B
2. 1 – B; 2 – A; 3 – C; 4 – C
3. 1 – B; 2 – B; 3 – D; 4 – A
4. 1 – B; 2 – C; 3 – B; 4 – C
5. 1 – B; 2 – C; 3 – C; 4 – C
6. 1 – C; 2 – B; 3 – B; 4 – D
7. 1 – A; 2 – B; 3 – D; 4 – B

16. A) Write the other forms of the following verbs.
Present tense Past tense Past Participle
1) show          ………………..  ………………..
2) announce
3) win
4) delight
5) lose
6) say
7) pass
8) hail
9) catch
10) make
11) bear
12) advise
13) begin
14) become
15) think
Answer:

Present tense	Past tense	Past Participle
1) show	showed	shown
2) announce	.announced	announced
3) win	won	won
4) delight	delighted	delighted
5) lose	lost	lost
6) say	said	said
7) pass	passed	passed
8) hail	hailed	hailed
9) catch	caught	caught
10) make	made	made
11) bear	bore	borne
12) advise	advised	advised
13) begin	began	begun
14) become	became	become
15) think	thought	thought

B) Read the following sentences and say what they mean. Choose the right answer from the choices given.

1. Shall I help you in carrying your luggage? ( )
(a) making a request
(b) asking for permission
(c) offering help
2. Could you please lend me your note book? ( )
(a) making a request
(b) asking for permission
(c) making an enquiry
3. Would you mind my leaving the class early? ( )
(a) asking for permission
(b) making a request
(c) giving permission
4. You had better join English tution. ( )
(a) Giving permission
(b) Making a request
(c) Giving a suggestion
5. I am afraid I can’t attend the party. ( )
(a) Expressing fear
(b) Expressing apology
(c) Refusing a request
6. Will you join us for a party? ( )
(a) questioning
(b) advising
(c) inviting
7. Could you please shut the door? ( )
(a) Making a request
(b) asking for permission
(c) Giving an order
8. Shoot the enemy ….. ( )
(a) Giving an order
(b) request
(c) advice
9. Work hard ( )
(a) Advice
(b) request
(c) order
10. Keep quiet, won’t you? ( )
(a) Advice
(b) request
(c) order
Answer:
1) c
2) a
3) a
4) c
5) b
6) c
7) a
8) a
9) a
10) c

C. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.

1. 1987, M.S. Swaminathan was awarded ______ Ramon Magsaysay Award.
2. We dined yesterday at ________ Maurya Sherton hotel.
3. Tejaswini lent me _________ interesting book.
4. My father is ____________ school teacher.
5. M.S.Swaminathan worked at _______ Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
6. Rekha bought _______ long notebook yesterday.
7. Sravani is eating ___________ mango now.
8. Ganesh always carries _______ umbrella with him.
9. Rambabu is _______ English teacher in a high school.
10. Manjula and Sruthi play______ guitar well.
11. 1)Raju is __________ honourable person.
2) That would make _________ good present.
3) Can you give me _________ books on the table?
12. 1)Suresh is _______ first ranker in the class.
2) The teacher gave me _______ interesting book.
3) Bhargavi is eating _______ biscuit now.
13. 1) In 1987, M.S. Swaminathan was awarded _______ Ramon Magsaysay Award.
2) We stayed yesterday at ________ Taj Mahal hotel.
3) Anusha lent me ________ interesting book.
Answer:
1) the
2) the
3) an
4) a
5) the
6) a
7) a
8) an
9) an
10) the
11) 1) an 2) a 3) the
12) 1) the 2) an 3) a
13) 1) the 2) the 3) an

D. Now fill in the blanks with ‘in’, ‘on’ and ‘at’.

1. Sarathchandra and Keerthana are brother and sister. Sarathchandra was born —(1)— 25th April —(2)— 2000. Keerthana was born —(3)— December 2, 2001. They are with their parents. They Live —(4)— Kondamudusupalem, a small village —(5)— Prakasam District. They play games —(6)— school. It is usually very hot —(7)— May —(8)— their village. So they spend their summer —(9)— Hyderabad —(10)— their uncle’s house.
Mr. Srisailam is their uncle. He resides —(11)— High Court Colony —(12)— Hyderabad with his wife, Jagadeeswan and his daughter, Vishnu Priya.

2. Sridevi was a famous Indian actress. She was born ——– 13 August 1963 ——– Sivakasi. Her parents were Ayyappan and Rajeswari. She acted ——– 285 films.

3. Raman was born ——– November 7, 1888 and did his M.A. Course ——– Presidency College ——– Madras.
Answer:
1. 1) on
2) in
3) on
4) at
5) in
6) at
7) in
8) at
9) in
10) at
11) at
12) in
2. on, at, in
3. on, at, in

E. Fill in the blanks with too, throughout; however ; meanwhile ; against ; later.

1) The house was painted white ——–.
2) They are fighting ——– terrorism.
3) Bob spent an hour with his computer, Ann ——– took care of the children of-her own.
4) He wanted to take no risks ——– small.
5) See you ——–.
6) When I’ve finished painting the hall, I’m going to do the kitchen ——–.
Answer:
1) throughout
2) against
3) meanwhile
4) however
5) later
6) too

F.
1) Ravi wants to buy a car but he doesn’t have enough to buy a car. How would Ravi express his wish using wish?
2) Sita was angry and spoke rudely to Gita. Later she thought It was wrong. She was not happy about the way she spoke to her friend. How would she express her unhappiness using ‘wish’?
3) Your father is smoking heavily these days. You are not happy with it and you want to change him. How would you express the same idea using ‘wish’?
4) You joined a job in a company. You are not happy with the job. How would you express your
unhappiness using ‘wish’?
5) Sarala is somewhat beautiful. She wants to be even more beautiful. How would she express the idea using ‘wish’?
Answer:
1) I wish I had more money.
2) I wish I had not said that.
3) I wish father would stop smoking.
4) I wish I had not joined the job.
5) I wish I were even more beautiful.

G. Add question tags to the following statements.

1) I will go home, ___________ ?
2) The story is interesting, ______________ ?
3) I am not a fool, ___________ ?
4) I am clever, ______________ ?
5) 1 can speak English, _____________ ?
6) She has paid the fees, _____________ ?
7) We have seen the film, ___________ ?
8) You are wise, ___________ ?
9) I shall go, ____________ ?
10) You must do this, _____________ ?
Answer:
1)won’t I?
2) Isn’t it?
3) am I?
4} aren’t I?
5) can’t I?
6} hasn’t she?
7) haven’t we?
8) aren’t you?
9) shan’t I?
10) mustn’t you?

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 3

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 3

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following text carefully.

Alexander: The battle of Jhelum will go clown in the history of our country.
First general: It’ll go down in the history of India, too.
Second general: It’ll go down in the history of the world.
Third general: I’ve never fought such a battle before.
Fourth general: I haven’t either. Until the last moment, I couldn’t believe that we would be
able to defeat the army of Puru.
Alexander: Yes, it has been a great battle perhaps the greatest of my life.
I must say every Indian soldier fought like a tiger.
First general: They fought like devils, Your Majesty.
Alexander: The Indians are good soldiers. They know how to fight. They fight better than our men.
Second general: But their generals aren’t so good as ours.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Who do you think ‘Alexander’ was?
2) Between which two kings did the battle of Jhelum take place?
3) Why did Alexander think that the battle of Jhelum would go down in the history of the world?
4) According to Alexander, how did every Indian soldier fight?
5) After reading the passage why do you think did the Indians lose the battle?
Answer:
1) Alexander was the king of Macedonia.
2) The battle of Jhelum was fought between Alexander and Puru, a king of northern India.
3) Alexander thought that the battle of Jhelum would go down in the history because he had never fought such a battle. The Indian soldiers fought very bravely.
He could not believe that he would be able to defeat the Indians. The army of Puru fought better than the army of the Greeks.
4) According to Alexander every Indian soldier fought like a tiger.
5) All Indian soldiers fought bravely but because of the inefficiency of the Indian generals Indians lost their battle.

2. Read the following text carefully.
Alexander: If you mean they aren’t so brave as the Greek generals, I don’t agree with you.
Second general: But they aren’t very skilful, Your Highness.
Alexander: I see what you mean, and here I agree with you. The Indian generals are still following the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans are faulty and they depend too much upon their elephants. But as fighters they are wonderful. I have the highest respect for them.
Third general I was amazed to see how Puru fought in the battle of Jhelum.
Fourth general He continued to fight even when others had left the field. I think he killed
at least a hundred of our men with his sword.
Second general: And injured many more.
First general: He was badly injured himself.
Second general: That’s why we were able to capture him.
Alexander: Oh! He is a brave man and a great soldier. I wish he were one of my generals.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What was the opinion of Alexander about Indian generals?
2) According to Alexander, why were Indians defeated?
3) Why did Alexander have the highest respect for Indian soldiers?
4) Why were the Greeks able to capture Puru?
5) Alexander said, “Puru is a brave man and great soldier.” – How can you agree with his statement?
Answer:
1) In Alexander’s opinion Indian soldiers were as brave as Greek soldiers but they might not be as skilful as the Greeks.
2) The Indian generals used the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans are faulty. They depend too much upon their elephants.
3) The Indian generals were brave. They were wonderful fighters. So Alexander had highest respect for Indian soldiers.
4) Puru was injured badly. So the Greeks were able to capture him.
5) Puru continued to fight even when others had left the field. He killed at least a hundred of Greek soldiers with his sword. He injured many more. Thus I can agree with, Alexander’s statements that Puru was a brave and a great soldier.

Additional Questions:
1) What was the opinions of Greek generals about Indian generals?
2) How can you say that Indian generals were” not skilful?
3) What was the name of the battle?
4) Why was the battle called the battle of Jhelum?
5) “I wish he were one of my generals.” – Why did Alexander wish so?
Answer:
1) In the opinion of Greek generals the Indian generals were not so brave and skilful, as the Greek generals.
2) The Indian generals followed the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans were faulty
and they depended too much on their elephants. Thus we can say Indian generals were not skilful.
3) The name of the battle was the battle of Jhelum.
4) The battle was fought on the bank of the river Jhelum. So it was called the battle of Jhelum.
5) Puru was a brave man and a great soldier. He continued to fight even when others had left the field. He killed hundreds of Greeks and injured many with his sword. Alexander was inspired With his bravery and wished if Puru were one of his generals.

3. Read the following text.
Second general: He is a proud man, Your Majesty.
Alexander: A soldier is not a soldier if he is not proud. I’m not angry with him at all.
He was not frightened by the news of my victories and refused to bow before me.
First general: He will be brought to Your Majesty soon. Let us see how he behaves.
Alexander: I’m sure he will not behave like a coward. (A soldier enters and bows to Alexander.)
Soldier: Sir. Puru has been brought to the camp.
Alexander: Has he been put in chains?
Soldier: Yes, Your Majesty.
Alexander: Go and remove the chains, and bring him in. I don’t want to see a brave man in chains.
(The soldier bows and goes out.)
Alexander: They should not have put him in chains. He is a king besides being a great soldier.
Now answer the following questions.
1) How should a soldier be according to Alexander?
2) Though Puru behaved proudly why was Alexander not angry with him?
3) How can you say Puru was not a coward?
4) Why did Alexander ask his generals to remove the chains of Puru?
5) Why did Alexander think Puru should not have been put in chains?
6) What were the feelings of Alexander about Puru?
7) Why did Alexander have a high esteem about Puru?
8) After reading the above text what can you say about the nature of Alexander?
9) What were the feelings of Greek generals about Puru?
10) “I don’t want to see a brave man in chains” – Who is the brave man mentioned here?
Answer:
1) According to Alexander, a soldier should be proud.
2) Alexander believed that a soldier should be proud and should not be a coward. So he was not angry with Puru though he behaved proudly.
3) Puru was not frightened by the news of Alexander’s victories and refused to bow before him.
4) Alexander did not to like to see Puru in his chains. Puru was a king besides being a soldier.
He had a great respect for good soldiers and brave kings. So Alexander asked his generals to remove the chains of Puru.
5) Besides being a soldier Puru was a king. He was a brave-king. He wanted to respect other kings. So Alexander think Puru should not have been put in chains.
6) Alexander did not treat Puru as his enemy but he was equal to him in power and authority. In his opinion Puru was a brave king and he should be respected.
7) Puru was a noble king. He fought bravely to defend the sovereignty of his kingdom. He was ready to sacrifice his life for defending his motherland. So Alexander had a high es¬teem about Puru.
8) Alexander was a noble king and man of good polity. He used to respect the self respect of other kings especially those who were brave and fought for defend the sovereignty of his own country.
9) According to the Greek generals, Puru was very proud and haughty.
10) The brave man mentioned in the line was Puru.

4. Read the following text.

Alexander: (to Puru) Well, how are you, king?
Puru: My name is Puru.
Alexander: All right. Are you sorry for the ‘mistake you made, Puru?
Puru: I made no mistake, sir.
Alexander: Didn’t you reject my proposal?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have gladly agreed to be my vassals?
Puru: I know that, and I also know that none of them is Puru.
First general: (softly to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realize that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still the lawful king of my country.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What was the mistake done by Puru according to Alexander?
2) What was Alexander’s proposal?
3) Did Puru accept Alexander’s proposal?
4) Why do you think Puru did not accept Alexander’s proposal?
5) “I also know that none of them is Puru” – What is the meaning of the above sentence?
Answer:
1) Puru did not accept to be Alexander’s vassal.
2) Alexander’s proposal was to have Puru as his vassal.
3) No. Puru did not accept Alexander’s proposal.
4) Puru was a sovereign king and he wanted to be an independent and free king of his own kingdom. So Puru did not accept to be the vassal of Alexander.
5) By this sentence Puru wanted to say that the other kings who accepted to be the vassals of Alexander were not as sovereign as Puru. They did not have the self respect.

5. Read the following text.

First general: (softly to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realize that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still the lawful king of my country.
Alexander: How shall I treat you?
Puru: As a king should treat another king.
Alexander: Puru, you are a brave man. I’m pleased with you. I want to make friends with you. Will you be a friend to me?
Puru: On one condition.
Alexander: What is that condition?
Puru: My kingdom should remain independent and you should treat me as your equal.
Alexander: Agreed, (after a pause) I’m proud of your friendship, my brother.
Puru: I’ll do my best to be worthy of the friendship of Alexander the Great.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did the generals think that Puru was a proud king?
2) Though Puru was a prisoner of Alexander, why was he talking and behaving proudly?
3) How should Puru want himself to be treated?
4) What condition did Puru put to Alexander to be friends with him?
5) If you were Alexander, what would you do with Puru?
Answer:
1) The generals thought that Puru was a proud king because Puru was talking and behaving like a king with self respect and sovereignty though he was in captivity.
2) Puru was a noble king with sovereignty and self respect. He was courageous and brave . man. Such kings live like kings and like to die as kings. They don’t like to be as slaves, vassals and subjects of any other kings.
3) Puru wanted to be treated as a sovereign king by Alexander.
4) If his kingdom was allowed to remain independent and he was treated as equal to Alexander he would make friends with his equal.
5) If I were Alexander, I would also treat Puru as Alexander treated him). I would respect his kingship. I would respect his sovereignty. I would be a friend to him and I would allow him to rule his kingdom independently.

6. Read the following text.
The camp of Alexander on the banks of the Jhelum. Alexander is sitting on a high chair and his four generals are sitting on low chairs. Two Greek soldiers are standing at the door. Alexander is having a talk with his generals.
Alexander: The battle of Jhelum will go down in the history of our country.
First general: It’ll go down in the history of India, too.
Second general: It’ll go down in the history of the world.
Third general: I’ve never fought such a battle before.
Now, answer the following questions.
1) Where is Alexander’s camp?
2) Who is/are standing at the door?
3) Who is Alexander talking to?
4) How many generals are there in the passage?
5) Pick out the word that means ‘an army officer’.
Answer:
1) on the banks of die Jhelum
2) Two Greek Soldiers
3) his generals
4) Four generals
5) ‘general’

7. Read the following text.
Alexander: Didn’t you reject my proposal?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have gladly agreed to be my vassals.
Puru : I know that, and I also know that none of them is Puru.
First General: (softly to the second general) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realise that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still lawful king of my country.
Alexander: How shall I treat you?
Puru: As a king should treat another king.
Alexander: Puru, you are a brave man.
Now, answer the following questions.
1) How many persons were taking part in the above conversation?
2) What was Alexander’s proposal to Puru?
3) What kind of man was Puru according to Alexander?
4) Who was the prisoner mentioned in the above passage?
5) How did Puru want to be treated?
Answer:
1) Three persons
2) that Puru should be his vassal
3) a brave man
4) Puru
5) as a king

B. Reading

1. Read the following stanza.
Home they brought her warrior dead
She nor swooned, nor uttered a cry:
All her maidens, watching, said,
‘She must weep or she will die’.
Now answer the following questions
1) Who was brought dead?
2) Why did he die?
3) Who was ‘she’?
4) What were her feelings when her husband was brought dead?
5) What did all the women say?
6) Why did she not cry?
7) Why did they think she had to cry?
8) Which word in the above stanza means ‘became unconscious?
9) Write the rhyming words.
10) What is the rhyming scheme followed in the stanza?
Answer:
1) A warrior was brought dead.
2) While fighting with his enemy soldiers he was killed in a war.
3) ‘She’ was the warrior’s wife.
4) When her husband was brought dead she neither fainted nor cried. She was in shock. She stood stock still and she did not she$ even a single tear.
5) All the women who surrounded her said that she had to cry otherwise she would die.
6) She was in a shock. She stood stock still. So she did not shed even a single tear.
7) They believed that all the pain that the widow was keeping pent up inside her would finally have an adverse effect on her health and she would not surprise from the misery.
8) The word ‘swooned’ means unconscious.
9) dead – said – cry – die
10) The rhyming scheme followed in the poem is ABAB.

2. Read the following stanza.
Then they praised him, soft and low.
Called him worthy to be loved,
Truest friend and noblest foe;
Yet she neither spoke nor moved.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Who does ‘they’ here refer to?
2) What did they do?
3) Why did they praise him?
4) How did they praise him?
5) What effect did their words have on her?
6) Identify the rhyming words in the stanza.
Answer:
1) “They” here refer to her women who surrounded her.
2) They praised her husband.
3) They praised her dead husband to remind the widow of her nobility and dignity her husband enjoyed from the large. They praised him before her to evoke an emotional reaction from him.
4) They praised him worthy to be loved, They said that he was the truest friend and a noblest foe.
5) None of their words did not have any effect on the wife. She stood motionless and silent.
6) The rhyming words in this stanza are; low – foe; loved – moved;

3. Read the following stanza.
Stole a maiden from her place,
Lightly to the warrior stepped,
Took the face-cloth from the face;
Yet she neither moved nor wept.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What did the maiden do?
2) Why did she remove the face-cloth?
3) What does the word ‘lightly’ here mean?
4) What effect did the maiden’s act have on the widows?
5) Identify the rhyming words in the stanza.
Answer:
1) The maiden walked up slowly and quietly to the dead body of the warrior and removed the face-cloth that covered his face.
2) The maiden removed the face-cloth supposing the sight of her husband’s lifeless face would move her and she would cry.
3) Lightly here means slowly and quietly.
4) The sight of her husband’s lifeless face did not have any effect on the widow. Still she did not cry.
5) The rhyming words in the stanza are; place – face; stepped – wept;

4. Read the following stanza.
Rose a nurse of ninety years,
Set his child upon her knee –
Like summer tempest came her tears –
‘Sweet my child, I live for thee’.

Now answer the following questions.
1) How old was the nurse?
2) What did the nurse do?
3) How did the tears come out from the woman’s eyes?
4) Which season of the year is mentioned in the stanza?
5) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answer:
1) The nurse was ninety years of age.
2) The nurse placed the widows child on woman’s knee.
3) Tears came out like the summer tempest.
4) The summer season
5) years – tears; knee – thee

Additional Questions:
1) What did the woman do when she saw her child?
2) “Like the summer tempest came her tears” – What figure of speech is used in this line?
3) What is the ‘tempest’ here compared to?
4) Who succeeded in making the woman cry?
5) What did the widow say in the end?
6) What is the meaning of the last line of the stanza?
7) Identified the rhyming words given in the stanza.
8) Why did the widow cry on seeing her child?
Answer:
1) When she saw her child the woman at once cried. The tears came down with the force of a storm.
2) The figure of speech ‘simile’ is used in the above line because the tears are compared to a storm.
3) The tempest is compared to the tears that came down her face with a force.
4) The ninety nine year old nurse succeeded in making her weep.
5) The widow that she would live for her daughter.
6) I would not die with your dead father. I would live for you.
7) Years – tears ; knee – thee.
8) All the while the widow had been thinking of her child. She was thinking who would have to live like without a father. These thoughts made her cry when she saw her child.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.

This is a story from China. A long, long time ago, there lived an old woman in a hut in the forest. Her husband had been killed by a tiger some years ago. She was old and weak. Life was difficult for her and her daughter, Slew Mei.
Siew Mei did all the cooking and cleaning herself. She also looked after the silkworms in their garden. The worms gave them fine thread to make beautiful silk. Siew Mei sold the silk to travellers in the village market. In this way, she got enough money to buy food and other things.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Where did this story take place?
2) Whom was the story about?
3) What happened to her husband?
4) Why was life difficult for the woman and her daughter?
5) What did Siew Mei do to earn her living?
Answer:
1) The story took place in China.
2) The story was about a woman and her daughter Siew-Mei.
3) Her husband was killed by a tiger some years ago.
4) The woman lost her husband. She was old and weak. They were poor. So life was difficult for the woman and her daughter.
5) Siew Mei used to look after the silkworms, collect the thread from the silkworms, make beautiful silk and sell the silk in the market and earn enough money to buy food and other things.

2. Read the following passage.
One day as Siew Mei was returning home, it started to rain heavily. It was getting dark, too. Siew Mei ran into the first hut she saw. The door was open and there was no one inside. “Is anybody in?” she called loudly, again and again. But there was no reply.
Siew Mei looked around the hut. The floor was very dirty. Bowls and pots were left unwashed. Siew Mei swept the floor and washed all the bowls and pots.
By the time she had finished, the hut was as clean as a new one. By then the rain had stopped too.“I had better go home,” she said to herself. “Mother will be worried.”
Now answer the following questions.
1) What happened one day when Siew Mei was returning home?
2) Where did she take shelter in the rain?
3) How was the hut?
4) What did Siew Mei do to make hut clean?
5) How was the hut when she was abput to leave the hut?
Answer:
1) One day when Siew Mei was returning home it rained heavily.
2) In the rain she took shelter in a hut.
3) The floor inside the hut was dirty. Bowls and pots were left unwashed.
4) Siew Mei swept the floor, washed all the bowls and pots. She cleaned the hut to look as a new one.
5) When she had finished cleaning, the hut was as clean as a new one.

3. Read the following passage.
As she walked out of the hut, she saw a strange old man. His long beard reached down to his waist. He looked about a hundred years old. The old man looked at Siew Mei and smiled.
“Uncle,” she said, “I went into the hut because it was raining. I hope you don’t mind.” “Not at all, young girl,” replied the old man. His eyes fell on the clean floor and on the bowls and pots. “Did you clean the hut for me?”
“Yes,’’answered Siew Mei. “Let me help you into the hut.”
The old man was very happy. “You’re a very kind girl,” he said. “I must give you a present.”
He took out a pair of scissors and cut off a little of his long white beard. He put it in a piece of old cloth, tied it up, and gave the bundle to her.
“Do not give it to anyone,” said the old man. “Open it when you get home.”

Now answer the following questions.
1) Who did she see when she was about to come out of the hut?
2) How was the old man?
3) According to the old man, what kind of girl was she?
4) “I must give you a present.” – Why did the old man feel that he should give a present to her?
5) What present did the old man give Siew Mei?
6) What do you think was the girl rewarded for?
7) How can you say the girl was kind-hearted?
8) On the name of a present the old man gave her a piece of his beard; Though it was just a hair of the beard the girl accepted it. What does it tell us about the girl?
9) What lesson do you learn from this episode of young girl and old man?
10) Who do you think the old man was?
Answer:
1) The girl saw an old man when she was about to come out of the house.
2) The old man looked about a hundred years old. He had a long beard.
3) According to the old man she was a very good and kind girl.
4) The old man thought that she cleaned the floor of his house, washed the bowls and pots without expecting anything. So he thought he should give her a present.
5) The old man cut off a piece from his long beard, tied it a bundle in a cloth gave it to her as a present.
6) I think the girl was rewarded for her selfless service and for her cleanliness.
7) When the old man was about to enter the hut she offered her that she would help him into
the hut.
8) Whenever an elder person offers us a present, we should accept it without considering its value. Then it will give us good fortune. It is good manners.
9) Your selfless service will fetch you a great reward.
10) I think the old man must be a supernatural creature with holy powers.

4. Read the following passage.
Siew Mei thanked him and went home. Her mother was very glad to see Siew Mei safe.
Siew Mei told her mother about the old-man.
Siew Mei opened the bundle to show her mother the old man’s white beard. To their surprise, they saw the finest silk thread in the whole of China. They began to weave with the silk thread. When they had finished weaving, they bad made the finest silk they had ever seen. They noticed that the bundle of silk thread still remained exactly the same size as before.
News of their wonderful silk spread far and wide. The old woman and her daughter became famous and lived happily ever after.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Why was her mother glad to see Siew Mei?
2) What did Siew Mei show her mother?
3) What made them surprised?
4) What did they do with the silk?
5) What did they notice?
6) Which news spread far and wide?
7) What happened to them?
8) How can you describe the turning of old man’s beard into silk?
9) Do you believe in miracles?
10) If you were Siew Mei, how would you feel?
Answer:
1) It was very, late in the night. And there was a heavy rain. In spite of the rain and the darkness her daughter was able to reach home safely. So she was glad to see her daughter.
2) Siew Mei showed her mother the whiteman’s white beard.
3) When they opened the bundle they did not see the old man’s white beard but they saw the finest silk thread. It made them surprised.
4) They wove the finest silk cloth with the silk.
5) They noticed that the silk thread remained exactly the same size even after they wove the
cloth using it.
6) News of their wonderful silk spread far and wide.
7) The old woman and her daughter became famous for the finest silk they produced.
8) The turning of the beard into silk can be described as a miracle.
9) Yes. I believe in. it because I’ve so many such things. After a dreadful earthquake, though thousands of people lost their lives, a girl was saved alive after a week from the rumblings. Was it not a miracle? So many miracles happened in the human history.
10) I’d be very glad if I were Siew Mei.

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.
Have you ever seen a UFO? A UFO is an Unidentified Flying Object, a strange object or light that people see in the sky. Many people believe that these strange lights are really spaceships from another planet.
For years people have seen and heard many odd things in the sky, blinking and glowing . lights, flying objects shaped like saucers, and moving objects making strange noises. Some people have even taken pictures of these unusal sights.
Some of these UFOs are really aeroplanes, weather balloons or meteors. But many UFO reports are still a mystery.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What do people believe about these strange lights?
Answer:
People believe that these strange lights are really spaceships from other planets.

2) What are these UFOs really?
Answer:
These UFOs are really aeroplanes, weather balloons or meteors.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) U.F.O stands for: ( )
a) Unknown Flying Object
b) Unidentified Flying Object
c) Unseen Flying Object.
Answer:
b) Unidentified Flying Object

4) U.F.Os are believed to be spaceships from other ( )
a) countries
b) continents
c) planets
Answer:
c) planets

5) Which of the following statements is true? ( )
a) UFOs are make-believe.
b) Moving objects with blinking lights have to be UFOs
c) People have seen moving objects making strange noises.
Answer:
a) UFOs are make-believe.

2. Read the following passage carefully.
Do you know about one of the most famous, monsters in the world? The Loch Ness Monster is a large animal that some people believe lives in Loch Ness, a deep dark lake in Scotland. For many years, hundreds of people have reported seeing something strange in the lake. They have even given it the nick name “Nessie”.
Nessie is said to be about 30 feet long, with a long slender neck, one or two humps and flippers.
There are even pictures that have been taken of a large animal-like shape in the water. Scientists are still trying to solve the mystery of Nessie.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Where do the Loch Ness Monsters live?
Answer:
Loch Ness monsters are said to be lived in the Loch Ness lake in Scotland.

2) How is Nessie?
Answer:
Nessie is said to be about 30 feet long with a long slender neck, one or two humps and flippers.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Actually the Loch Ness is the name of a ( )
a) country.
b) city.
c) lake.
Answer:
c) lake

4) Which of the following is a fact about Nessie? ( )
a) Nessie has a long slender neck.
b) Nessie has flippers.
c) Nessie is a mystery.
Answer:
c) Nessie is a mystery.

5) What was the Nickname given to Loch Ness Monster? ( )
a) Nest
b) Nestle
c) Nessie
Answer:
c) Nessie

3. Read the following passage carefully.
Perhaps you have seen a green, fuzzy spot on bread or cheeses. If so, it was probably mold. Mold is a kind of plant called fungi. The most common molds are green or black. Mold likes to grow in a moist, warm places. But where does it come from?
Mold comes from spores, which exist in the air. If these find a moist, warm place they will produce mold. Mold grows weds of fuzzy branches. It continues to grow as long as the conditions are right.
Foods such as cheese, fruit and bread can develop mold, If they are left out in a warm damp room. Mold may even grow on leather shoes, belts or furniture.
Mold is usually thougt of as a problem. But some molds are valuable to scientists. The most famous mold is called penicillium Notatum. This mold is used to make a valuable drug called penicillin.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What is mold?
Answer:
Mold is a kind of plant called fungi.
2) How are the molds useful to scientists?
Answer:
Some molds are valuable to scientists. Scientist produce a drug called penicillin from the mold ‘Penicillium Notatum’.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Mold grows in ——– places. ( )
a) dry and warm
b) moist and warm
c) dry and cool
Answer:
b) moist and warm

4) Mold comes from: ( )
a) fungi
b) spores
c) pencillin
Answer:
b) spores

5) Penicillium Notation is a ——–. ( )
a) drug
b) plant
c) mold
Answer:
c) mold

4. Read the following passage carefully.
Do you know that you are a mammal? Any animal that gives birth to live babies; not eggs, and feeds ifs young on milk are called mammals. Cows, humans and whales are all mammals. Mammals are warm-blooded animals. Most mammals have hair on their bodies. Many mammals live on land. People, elephants, rabbits, dogs and cows, cats are all land mammals. Some animals like dolphins and whales, live in water. The seal, walrus and otter are mammals that live on land and in the water. Did you know there is even a mammal that flies? It is the bat.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What are called mammals?
Answer:
The animals that give birth to babies, not eggs, and feed their young ones on milk are called mammals.

2) Write some characteristics of mammals.
Answer:
a) Mammals are warm-blooded animals.
b) Mammals have hair on their bodies.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Mammals are ………… animals.  (  )
a) cold blooded
b) warm blooded
c) white blooded
Answer:
b) warm blooded

4) Which of the following is not a mammal?   (  )
a) bat
b) whale
c) hen
Answer:
c) hen

5) Which of the following birds is a mammal?   (  )
a) duck
b) hen
c) bat
Answer:
c) bat

5. Read the following passage.
After the war, our church was in a very bad condition. So we decided to build a new one on the top of a hill just outside the town. We used many different kinds of materials. We built the walls of stone and glass, the heavy doors of wood and metal. From the top of the church there was a wonderful view. You can see the entire town and countryside for miles around. People from all parts of the country visit the church every day. It is such an interesting building..
Now, answer the following questions.
1) What was the condition of the church after the war?
Answer:
The church was in a very bad condition after the war.

2) Where did the people want to build the church?
Answer:
on the top of the hill

3) The walls of the new church were made of …… ( )
a) wood and glass
b) wood and metal
c) stone and glass
Answer:
c) stone and glass

4) The doors were made of ….. ( )
a) metal and wood
b) cement and bricks
c) glass and marble
Answer:
a) metal and wood

5) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
a) The new church was built in a town.
b) The new church was in interesting building.
c) The new church had no walls and doors.
Answer:
b) The new church was in interesting building.

6. Read the following passage.

Penny-wise Monkey

Once upon a time, there lived the king of a big and affluent country. The king was quite fond of travelling. Usually, he didn’t like to visit his own country; instead he went to other countries. One day, he assembled his army to move out for a holiday to some distant country. The king and his soldiers walked for the whole morning in the forest. After this, they went into the camp to take some rest.
The horses were also tired, so they were fed with peas. One of the monkeys, who lived in the forest, was keeping a track of the things done by the king’s men from a distance. When he saw peas offered to the horses, he jumped down from the tree at once to get some of them. He quickly gobbled some peas, also filled his mouth and hands with them. Then, he went up the tree and sat down, to eat the peas.
As and when, he sat there to eat peas; one pea fell from his hand to the ground. The greedy monkey dropped all the peas he had in his hands and ran down to look for the lost pea at once. Unluckily, he could not find that one pea. He climbed up the tree again and sat at rest. He was looking very sad. He said to himself, “To get one pea, I threw away what I had”.
The king was watching the monkey from the camp and said to himself, “I would not be like this stupid monkey, who lost much to gain a little. I will go back to my own country and enjoy what I have”. Thus, the king and his army marched back to their own country.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Why did the king want to visit other countries?
Answer:
because he was quite fond of travelling

2) What did the monkey see?
Answer:
The monkey saw peas being offered to the horses.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) The monkey gobbled the peas in a particular way.
From this, we know that ….. ( )
a) the monkey was kind
b) the monkey was greedy
c) the monkey wanted just enough to eat
Answer:
b) the monkey was greedy

4) Another possible title to the story is ….. ( )
a) The Horses and the Monkey
b) The Wise Monkey
c) Penny-wise and Pound-foolish
Answer:
c) Penny-wise and Pound-foolish

5) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
a) The king learnt that it is foolish to lose more to gain little.
b) The king learnt that it is good to take risk in life.
c) The king learnt that without pain there cannot be any gain.
Answer:
a) The king learnt that it is foolish to lose more to gain little.

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. Study the following bar graph and answer the questions that follow.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the above bar graph show?
Answer:
The above bar graph shows the project exports contracts secured by a company during the period 1984-88.

2) What is the maximum value of exports secured in all the five years?
Answer:
The maximum value of exports secured ip all the years is 143.9 crores in the year 1987.

Choose the correct answer:
3) In which year the minimum value of exports secured? ( )
a) 1988
b) 1984
c) 1985
Answer:
a) 1988

4) In which year the project exports declined by 33% when compared to the previous year? ( )
a) 1988
b) 1985
c) 1986
Answer:
b) 1985

5} In which year the project exports rised to high extent? ( )
a) 1985
b) 1988
c) 1987
Answer:
c) 1987

2. Read the following table.
The table below shows the estimated cost (in Rs. Lakhs) of a project of laying of a railway line between two places.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the above table show?
Answer:
The table shows the estimated cuts of a project of laying a railway line between two places.

2) What is the total cost spent on laying the railway line?
Answer:
705.3 lakh rupees.

Choose the correct answer:
3) In which year very least total amount is spent? ( )
a) 1991
b) 1990
c) 1988
Answer:
c) 1988

4) In which year maximum amount is spent? ( )
a) 1989
b) 1990
c) 1991
Answer:
a) 1989

5) In which year the maximum amount is spent on Cement? ( )
a) 1988
b) 1989
c) 1981
Answer:
b) 1989

3. Read the following table showing Endocrine glands, hormones they release and their functions.

Now answer the following questions
1) What does the table show?
Answer:
The table shows endocrine glands, hormones they secrete and their functions.

2) Which gland stimulates glucose uptake in all cells?
Answer:
Pancreas stimulates glucose uptake in all cells.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Which of the following glands stimulates heart rate and blood pressure? ( )
a) pituitary
b) parathyroid
c) adrenal
Answer:
c) adrenal

4) Which of the following glands releases growth hormone? ( )
a) pancreas
b) parathyroid
c) pituitary
Answer:
c) pituitary

5) Which of the following glands stimulates metabolism and heart rate ? ( )
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) adrenal
Answer:
b) thyroid

4. Study the following table:

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the table show?
Answer:
The table shows the openers with more than 8000 runs in one day internationals.

2) Who was the highest scorer as an opener in ODIs?
Answer:
Sachin Tendulkar was the highest scorer in one day internationals as an opener.

Choose the correct answer:
3) How many centuries were scored by Sachin as an opener? ( )
a) 75 b) 28 c) 45
Answer:
c) 45

4) Who was the second highest scorer as an opener? ( )
a) Adam Gilchrist
b) Sanath Jayasurya
c) Sourav Ganguly
Answer:
b) Sanath Jayasurya

5) The average of which two openers is almost equal? ( )
a) Desmond Haynes and Chris Gayle
b) Sourav Ganguly and Desmond Haynes
c) Chris Gayle and Saeed Anwar
Answer:
b) Sourav Ganguly and Desmond Haynes

5. The following table shows the marks secured by some students in a school exam.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) What information is the table likely to-show?
Answer:
The marks scored by some students in a school exam.

2) Identify the two low scores in English.
Answer:
64 and 73 respectively scored by Suresh and Vineela

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Find out the subject that was scored well by all students. ( )
a) Maths
b) English
c) Telugu
Answer:
b) English

4) Which is the subject the students need to improve? ( )
a) Sciences
b) English
c) Hindi
Answer:
c) Hindi

5) Choose the correct statement from the fallowing: ( )
a) Mohini scored the least score in total score.
b) Vineela scored the highest total in all subjects.
c) Suresh scored least marks in social studies.
Answer:
c) Suresh scored least marks in social studies.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. Rewrite the playlet “Alexander the Great” as a short story.
Answer:
Alexander was a king of Macedonia. He was the disciple of the greatest Greek philosopher, Aristotle. His aim in his life was to conquer the world. He had defeated so many kings in the middle east the western Asia and reached the North-western India. In the northern India he had to fight with Puru, a great king and a brave soldier. Puru was a noble patriot. He did not like India to be conquered by any foreign ruler. So he decided to fight against Alexander. There was a great battle, between Alexander and Puru on the banks of Jhelum. His soldiers, generals fought bravely. Puru also fought like a tiger. He killed hundreds of Greek soldiers and injured many with his sword. Puru lost the battle though his generals and soldiers fought bravely. Puru lost the battle as he had used the oldest methods of warfare and he used elephants. Puru was gravely injured and chained in the battle. He was brought before Alexander. Alexander liked his bravery and courage. He did not like such a great king to be in captivity., He asked his soldiers to remove his chains. Alexander asked Puru to be his vassal. But Puru refused. Alexander asked him why he rejected his offer.- Puru said that he was the lawful owner of his kingdom. He asked Puru how he should treat him. Puru asked to treat him as his equal. Alexander liked his bravery, gave back his kingdom. Alexander liked Puru’s self-respect, so became his best friend.

2. You’ve read the playlet Puru the Brave. You liked it very much. You liked the characters both Alexander and Puru. Write a letter to your friend describing why you liked both of them.
Answer:

Tenali.
24.5.20xx.

Dear Krishna,
I hope this letter finds you in the best of health and spirits. All of us are doing fine here. It has been a very long since we met or wrote to each other. So I thought of penning down a few lines to check things with you. The primary purpose of writing this letter to you is to make you know about two great heroes of history. They are Alexandar and Puru, the great.
You must have heard about these two in our lesson-“Puru, the Great.” After reading this lesson I’ve inspired with the great qualities of Alexander and Purushotham. Both are courageous and valient people. Both are noble. Both respected each other’s sovereignty. Alexander was such a noble personality that he respected the bravery, patriotism, and his love for free¬dom and sovereignty. For Puru the only thing that Puru valued very much was the freedom, independence and sovereignty of his kingdom. Nothing is valuable for him more than that. Puru rejected the proposal of Alexander to be as his vassal. He fought bravely like a lion until the end with the means and warfare available to him. In my opinion he was a true hero. What is your opinion about Puru? What do you think about Alexander ?
Write a replay to me describing your feelings about these two great personalities. Convey my regards to your parents and my best wishes to you sister.
Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx
Address on the Envelope:
R Ravi Kumar,
S/o Surya Narayana,
H.No: 1 – 20 – 22/A,
Malladivari Street,
Gandhinagar,
Vijayawada.

3. In the lesson ‘Puru, the Brave’ you have read about the bravery of Puru. Now imagine that you are making a speech on the bravery of Puru at the time of Independence Day celebrations and prepare a draft for it.
Use the following hints to write a script for the speech.
Puru – one of the greatest Indian kings – fought with Alexander bravely – his soldiers – fought like tigers – Puru killed at least a 100 Greek soldiers – injured many more – but finally injured and captured – did not lose his courage – said he was a lawful king – Alexander pleased with his words – treated him like his brother – gave his kingdom back.
Answer:
Respected teachers and dear friends,
Good morning to everyone. I, S. Haneesh, stand before you to speak about the bravery of Puru on this auspicious occasion of Independence Day.
Puru was one of the greatest Indian kings. He fought with Alexander bravely. His soldiers fought like tigers. Puru killed at least a hundred Greek soldiers and he injured many more. But finally he was injured and captured by the Greek.
He did not lose his courage even though he was captured. When Alexander asked Puru whether he would accept the former’s supremacy and remain his vassal. Puru said that he was still the lawful king of his kingdom so refused his proposal. Alexander was pleased with his words and treated him like his brother. He gave his kingdom back.
Thank you one and all for giving me this opportunity.

1. Write a story using the following hints.
A carpenter – working – under tree – daily cut wood into pieces – made windows, doors, furniture – one day – cutting a’beam with a saw – put a small plug in it- went home for food – meanwhile – monkeys came down from tree – ran here and there – jumped over timber – one monkey removed plug from beam – tail was caught in crevice – cried and died at last – moral: Mischievous deeds – dangerous.
Answer:
Once a carpenter was working under the shadow of a tree. Daily he used to cut the wood into small pieces. He made many windows, doors and other furniture.
One day while he was cutting a beam with a saw, he put a small plug in it. He went home for food at mid-day. Meanwhile some monkeys came down from the tree. They ran here and  there and jumped over the timber. One of the monkeys removed the plug from the beam. Its tail was caught in the crevice. It cried and cried and died at last.
Moral: Mischievous deeds are dangerous.

2. Write a story using the. hints given below.
A farmer – lived in village – brought up goose – gave him – a golden egg – every day – sold golden eggs – became rich – thought – many golden eggs – in the stomach – killed the goose – could not get more than one golden egg – felt sorry for his greed.
Answer:
Once there lived a farmer in a certain village. He brought up a goose. Everyday it gave him a golden egg. The farmer sold the golden eggs and soon became rich. One day an idea struck in his mind. He thought that there would be many golden eggs in the stomach of the goose. So he killed the goose. He searched the dead body for golden eggs. He could not get more than one golden egg. He felt sorry for his greed.
Moral: Avarice causes sorrow.

3. Write a story Using the following hints.
A clever thief – Veerappa robs the rich – gives all to the sick and the needy – other thieves jealous – plan to get rid of him – challenge Veerappa to steal the king’s pyjamas – Veerappa accepts challenge – dressed like a soldier – finds king sleeping – opens a bottle of red ants on the bed – king badly bitten – king cries for help – servants rush in – king pretends to look for ants – Veerappa – removes king’s trousers – escapes – other thieves shocked – accept Veerappa – their leader.
Answer:
Once there was a clever thief Veerappa. He robs the rich and gives all the money to the sick and the needy. Other thieves are jealous of him. They plan to get rid of him. They challenge Veerappa to steal the king’s pyjamas. Veerappa accepts the challenge.
He dresses himself like a soldier and enters the palace. He finds the king sleeping. He opens a bottle of red ants on the king’s bed. The king is badly bitten and cries for help. Servants come rushing in. The king pretends to look for ants. Veerappa removes the king’s pyjamas and escapes from there.
Other thieves who challenged him are shocked. They accept Veerappa as their leader.

4. You are suffering from severe headache. You are not able to sit in the class. You did not take lunch because of this. You want to leave early to take rest.
Now, write a letter to your Class teacher and request permission for leaving early. Explain the reasons for requesting permission.
Answer:
To
The Class Teacher,
Class VII, A/S,
Municipal Boys High School,
Tenali.

Respected Sir,
I am suffering from severe headache. I am not able to sit in the class. I did not take lunch because of this bad headache. I want to take rest by leaving early.
Hence I request you to grant me leave for a half day (the post lunch session of today). Thanking you sir,

Yours obediently,
x x x x x
Roll No: 23,
Class VII, A/S.

Vocabulary

Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.
1.

I see that you mean, and here I agree with you. The Indian generals are still following old methods (a) of warfare (b). Their battle (c) plans are faulty (d) and they depend too much upon their elephants.
Answer:
a) ways
b) activity of fighting a war
c) war
d) defective

2.

First general: He was badly (a) injured (b) himself.
Second general: That’s why we were able to capture (c) him.
Alexander: Oh! He is a brave (d) man and a great soldier. I wish he were one of my generals.
Answer:
a) in a bad way
b) hurt
c) arrest
d) courageous

3.

Alexander: A soldier is not a soldier if he is not proud. I am not angry with him at all. He was not frightened (a) by the news of my victories (b) and refused (c) to bow (d) before me.
First general: He will be brought to Your Majesty soon. Let us see how he behaves.
Alexander: I’m sure he will not behave like a coward (e).
Answer:
a) afraid
b) win
c) declined
d) obey
e) timid

4.

Alexander: All right. Are you sorry for the mistake (a) you made, Puru?
Puru: I made no mistake, sir.
Alexander: Didn’t you reject (b) my proposal (c)?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal (d).
Answer:
a) a wrong doing
b) disagree
c) suggestion
d) a subordinate king

5.

First general: (softly (a) to the second General) He is, indeed (b), a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realize (c) that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still the lawful (d) king of my country.
Answer:
a) quietly
b) realty
c) understand
d) legitimate

6.

If you mean they are as brave (a) as the Greek Generals, I agree (b) with you.
Answer:
a) noble
b) accept

Read the following paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.

1. Third general: I’ve never (a) fought such a battle before.
Fourth general: I haven’t either. Until the (b) moment, I couldn’t believe that we would be able to defeat (c) the army of Puru.
Alexander: Yes, it has been a great (d) battle.
Answer:
a) always
b) first
c) win
d) small

2. Second general: But their generals aren’t so good (a) as ours.
Alexander: If you mean they aren’t so brave (b) as the Greek generals, I don’t agree (c) with you.
Second general: But they aren’t very skilful (d), Your Highness.
Answer:
a) bad
b) timid
c) refuse
d) unskillful

3. Alexander: The Indian generals are still following the old (a) methods of warfare.
Their battle plans are faulty (b) and they depend too much upon their elephants. But as fighters they are wonderful. I have the highest (c) respect (d) for them.
Answer:
a) new
b) correct
c) lowest
d) disrespect

4. Alexander: A soldier is not a soldier if he is not proud (a). I’m not angry (b) with him at all. He was not frightened (c) by the news of my victories (d) and refused to bow before me.
Answer:
a) humble
b) calm
c) comforted
d) defeats

5. Alexander: Didn’t you reject (a) my proposal?
Puru: I did. I refused (b) to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have gladly (c) agreed to be my vassals?
Puru: I know that, and I also know that none of them is Puru.
First general: (softly (d) to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Answer:
a) accept
b) agreed
c) sadly
d) loudly

6. Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference (a) to me. I’m still the lawful (b) king of my country.
Alexander: How shall L treat you?
Puru: As a king should treat another king.
Alexander: Puru, you are a brave man. I’m pleased (c) with you. I want to make friends with you. Will you be a friend (d) to me?
Answer:
a) similarity
b) illegitimate
c) displeased
d) enemy

7. Puru you are a brave (a) man. I am pleased (b) with you.
Answer:
a) timid
b) displeased

Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the words given in brackets.

1. Second general: But they aren’t very ___________ (a) (skilful/skilfully). Your Highness.
Alexander: I see what you mean, and here I agree with you. The ___________ (b) (Indian/India) generals are still following the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans are ___________ (c) (fault/faulty) and they depend too much upon their elephants. But as fighters they are ___________ (d) (wonder/wonderful). I have the highest respect for them.
Answer:
a) skilful
b) Indian
c) faulty
d) wonderful

2. Alexander: Didn’t you reject my __________ (a) (proposal/propose)?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have ___________ (b) (gladly/glad) agreed to be my vassals?
Puru: I know that, and I also know that none of (c) (they/them) is Puru.
First general ___________ (d) ((soft/softly) to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Answer:
a) proposal
b) gladly
c) them
d) softly

3. One day as Siew Mei was returning home, it started to ___________ (a) (rain/raining) ___________ (b) (heavy/heavily). It was getting dark, too. Siew Mei ran into the first hut she saw. The door was ___________ (c) (open/opened) and there was no one inside. Is anybody in?” she called ___________ (d) (loud/loudly), again and again. But there was no reply.
Answer:
a) rain
b) heavily
c) open
d) loudly

4. Alexander: Don’t you ____________ (a) (realize/realization) that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any ___________ (b) (different/difference) to me.
I’m still the lawful king of my country.
Answer:
a) realize
b) difference

a) Complete the following words using ai, au, ea, ee, ei, ie, oo, ou, ua, ue.

1. I could (a) bel _ _ ve that we would be able to (b) def _ _ t the army of Puru.
2. I must say every Indian (a) sold _ _ r (b) f _ _ ght like a tiger.
3. Their battle plans are (a) f _ _ lty and they depend too much upon th _ _ r elephants.
4. He (a) contin _ _ d to fight even when others had left the (b) f _ _ ld.
5. He will be (a) br _ _ ght to Your Majesty (b) s _ _ n.
6. Has he(a) b _ _ n put in (b) ch _ _ ns?
7. Puru joins the palms of his hands and raises them to his (a) foreh _ _ d to return the (b) gr _ _ ting.
8. He is, (a) ind _ _ d, a very (b) pr _ _ d man.
9. I’m (a) pl _ _ sed with you. I want to make (b) fr _ _ nds with you.
10. My kingdom should (a) rem _ _ n independent and you should treat me as your (b) eq _ _ l.
11. Third General: I’ve never f _ _ ght (a) such a battle before.
Fourth General: I haven’t _ _ ther (b). Until the last moment. I couldn’t believe that we would be able to defeat the army of Puru.
Answer:
1. a) believe b) defeat
2. a) soldier b) fought
3. a) faulty b) their
4. a) continued b) field
5. a) brought b) soon
6. a) been b) chains
7. a) forehead b) greeting
8. a) indeed b) proud
9. a) pleased b) friends
10. a) remain b) equal
11. a) fought b) either

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1. But as (a) fight…… (ers/ors) they are (b) wonder…… (full/ful).
2. He was not (a) fright …… (end/ened) by the news of my (b) victo …… (rys/ries).
3. I do, but that doesn’t make any (a) differ…… (ence/ance) to me. I’m still the (b)…… law (full/ful) king of my country.
4. My (a) king…… (dam/dom) should remain (b) indepen…… (dent/dant).
5. (a) Didn’t you reject my propo…… (sel/sal)?
(b) I’m proud of your friend…… (ship/sheep).
6. Alexander: What is that (a) condi …… (tion/sion)?
Puru: My kingdom should remain (b) independ ……(ant/ent) and you should treat me as your equal.
Answer:
1. a) fighters b) wonderful
2. a) frightened b) victories
3. a) difference b) lawful
4. a) kingdom b) independent
5. a) proposal b) friendship
6. a) condition b) independent

c) Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling.
i) driver; teacher; preacher; warrier
ii) general; conquer; solder; history
iii) batil; world; moment; defeat
iv) careful; wonderful; beautiful; skilfull
v) dependent; confident; resident; elephent
vi) coward; capture; victory; proposel
vii) prisoner; soldier; collecter; wonder
viii) raise; praise; surpraise; paise
ix) soldier; honour; haspital; music
x) proposel; respect; great; people
Answer:
i) warrior
ii) soldier
iii) battle
iv) skilful
v) elephant
vi) proposal
vii) collector
viii) surprise
ix) hospital
x) proposal

Put the following words under correct headings.

A.

Answer:

B.

Answer:

C.

Answer:

D.

Answer:

E.

Answer:

A) Write meaningful sentences using the words given below.
i) never:
ii) either:
iii) perhaps:
iv) every:
v) many more:
vi) wish:
vii) indeed:
viii) still:
Answer:
i) My friend Ravi never tells lies.
ii) There is a door at either end of the corridor.
iii) Perhaps you are going home.
iv) Our principal knows every student in school.
v) One is not enough. I want many more.
vi) I wish I had wings.
vii) It is indeed a remarkable achievement.
viii) They began quarrelling early in the morning, it is 12 noon. Still they are quarrelling.

B) Look at the following words from the text:
1. independent 2. difference
The word ‘precaution’ consists of two parts – ‘in-’ and ‘dependent’ (prefix + root).
The word ‘dangerous’ consists of two parts ‘differ’ and ‘-ence’ (root + suffix).
1. Add appropriate prefixes/suffixes to the following roots to make new words. The first one is done for you.

Prefix	Root	New Word
dis-	courage	discourage
	active
	legal
	able
	believe

Root	Suffix	New Word
king-	dom	kingdom
rich
brave
fame
boy

Answer:

Prefix	Root	New Word
dis-	courage	discourage
in-	active	inactive
il-	legal	illegal
dis-	believe	disbelieve
un-	able	unable

2. Add appropriate suffixes (-dom, -ry, -ous, -ness) to the following root words to make new words.
(One is done for you as an example)

Root Word	Suffix to be added	New word
1. king	-dom	kingdom
2. govern	-ment	…………………….
3. associate	-ion	…………………….
4. depend	-ent	…………………….
5. fame	-ous	…………………….

Answer:

Root word	Suffix to be added	New word
1. king	– dom	kingdom
2. govern	– ment	government
3. associate	– ion	association
4. depend	– ent	dependent
5. fame	– ous	famous

3. Add appropriate suffixes (-ment, -ful, -ly, -ry, -ous, -ness) to the following root words to make new words.
(One is done for you as an example)

Root word	Suffix to be added	New word
1) disgrace	-ful	disgraceful
2) arrange	-ment	…………………….
3) fixed	-ly	…………………….
4) dark	-ness	…………………….
5) brave	-ry	…………………….

Answer:

Root word	Suffix to be added	New word
1. disgrace	-ful	disgraceful
2. arrange	-ment	arrangement
3. fixed	-ly	fixedly
4. dark	-ness	darkness
5. brave	-ry	bravery

C) Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with suitable forms (after adding a prefix/suffix) of the words in brackets.

1. He was acting in a very ________________ way. (child).
2. This word is very difficult to spell, and even worse, its ________________. (pronounce)
3. You shouldn’t have done that! it was very _________________ of you. (think)
4. He didn’t pass his exam. He was ___________ in the second attempt. (succeed)
5. Some of the Indian cities are dreadfully __________________. (crowd)
6. The team won the ________________. (champion)
7. There is a very high ________________ that they will be late. (likely)
8. I couldn’t find any ________________ in his theory. (weak)
9. There was a three-hour __________________ because of the strike. (stop)
10. You need a motivation, organizatiòn and revision to learn ________________ English. (combine)
Answer:
1) childish
2) pronunication
3) ill thinking
4) successful
5) crowdy
6) championship
7) likelihood
8) weakness
9) stoppage
10) combination

Grammar

1. Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. Tigers lives (a) in different parts of Asia and Siberia. The tiger or (b) the lion are the biggest animals in the cat family. An (c) male tiger is about 10 feet long. Their (d) coat is yellow and black.
2. Around the earth there was (a) atmosphere who (b) is like a rind round the (c) fruit. It is made up of oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour or (d) a number of other gases.
3. In a village there lived a boy and his mother. There (a) are (b) very poor. The boy collected wood in (c) the forest and sold it. He cuts (d) down small trees also.
4. The Banyan tree is possibly a (a) biggest and friendliest of all our trees. We did (b) not see many banyan trees in our cities nowadays. This (c) trees require plenty of trees for (d) spread themselves.
5. Once there was (a) an eagle and a (b) owl in a forest. They are (c) good friends. The eagle eats the young ones of all birds of (d) the forest.
6. One day an (a) merchant and his son went to a town to buy a new car. They pay (b) a huge amount but (c) bought a beautiful black car. Then they both came to there (d) village in that car.
Answer:
1. a) live b) and c) A d) Its
2. a) is b) which c) a d) and
3. a) They b) were c) from d) cut
4. a) the b) do c) These d) to
5. a) were b) an c) were d) in
6. a) a b) paid c) and d) their

2. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct options given against the number of blanks.

1. Every Sunday Daniel and his family ________ (1) to the beach. They live far ________ (2) the beach. _________ (3) once a week the family gets into the car and Daniel’s father sleeps for hours _________ (4) they reach the beach.
1) A) goes B) went C) go D) going
2) A) away B) from C) to D) of
3) A) and B) but C) or D) yet
4) A) till B) to C) until D) up to
Answer:
1-C; 2-B; 3-B; 4-C

2. Mahatma Gandhi freed India from ________ (1) British Empire. He did not ________ (2) the British _________ (3) guns _________ (4) he loved all people.
1) A) a B) an C) the D) some
2) A) fight B) fought C) fighted D) fighting
3) A) from B) by C) with D) on
4) A) so B) because C) why D) for
Answer:
1-C; 2-A; 3-C; 4-B

3. Of all ________ (1) creatures, butterflies are perhaps ________ (2) most beautiful. They have such brightly _________ (3) wings. If you look at the wings ________ (4) a magnifying glass, you will see that they are covered by tiny scales.
1) A) fly B) flying C) flew D) flown
2) A) a B) an C) the D) some
3) A) colour B) colours C) coloured D) colouring
4) A) from B) in C) into D) through
Answer:
1-B; 2-C; 3-C; 4-D

4. Atmosphere makes _________ (1) earth a planet of life. It _________ (2) us with the air to breathe, protects _________ (3) from dangerous solar rays _________ (4) saves us from the extremes of heat and cold.
1) A) a B) an C) the D) that
2) A) supply B) supplies C) supplied D) supplying
3) A) we B) us C) our D) ours
4) A) but B) and C) or D) yet
Answer:
1-C; 2-B; 3-B; 4-B

5. When Sita was a small girl she knew _________ (1) it was like to be cold _________ (2) hungry. Her parents ________ (3) very poor. On some days there would be no food in the house _________ (4) them and children.
1) A) that B) what C) which D) who
2) A) or B) but C) and D) yet
3) A) are B) was C) were D) is
4) A)to B)for C)from D)on
Answer:
1-B; 2-C; 3-C; 4-B

6. A farmer had two sons. The first son used to _______ (1) in the fields and spent a lot of time with ___________ (2) father. The second son __________ (3) a business in a town. He earned a _________ (4) of money than he should.
1. A) works B) worked C) work D) working
2. A) his B) he C) himself D) him
3. A) was run B) running C) will run D) was running
4. A) much B) lot C) many D) more
Answer:
1-C; 2-A; 3-D; 4-B

A. Write the other degrees of the following adjectives/adverbs.

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree	Superlative Degree
nice
short
big
great
fast
worthy
frightened
lawful
much
rich

Answer:

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree	Superlative Degree
nice	nicer	nicest
short	shorter	shortest
big	bigger	biggest
great	greater	greatest
fast	faster	fastest
worthy	worthier	worthiest
frightened	more frightened	most frightened
lawful	more lawful	most lawful
much	more	most
rich	richer	richest

B. Choose the right answers.
Read the following sentences and say what they mean. Choose the right answer from the choices given.
1. Can I see the manager? ( )
(a) making a suggestion
(b) seeking permission
(c) making a request
Answer:
(b) seeking permission

2. You can go now. ( )
(a) giving advice
(b) giving permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(b) giving permission

3. Can I help you? ( )
(a) seeking permission
(b) asking for help
(c) offering help
Answer:
(c) offering help

4. Could I give you a cup of coffee? ( )
(a) making an offer
(b) seeking permission
(c) asking a question
Answer:
(a) making an offer

5. Wasn’t it very kind of you? ( )
(a) suggesting
(b) congratulating
(c) thanking
Answer:
(c) thanking

D. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs given in brackets.

1. She usually ______________ (wear) Punjabi dress, but today she ______________ (wear) jeans.
2. He usually ______________ (wear) shoes, but today he ______________ (wear) sandals.
3. She always _______________ (tell) lies.
4. He always ______________ (come) late to school.
5. He never ______________ (sing) songs.
6. Sometimes the wind _______________ (blow) very fast.
7. He often ______________ (go) to pictures.
8. She rarely ______________ (eat) meat.
9. My father ______________ (read) newspaper daily.
10. They ______________ (visit) Ooty every year.
Answer:
1) wears, is wearing
2) wear, is wearing
3) tells
4) comes
5) sings
6) blows
7) goes
8) eats
9) reads
10) visit

E. i) Now fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with ‘should’ or ‘must’.
I …..(1)….. say that you …..(2)….. come to school regularly because you cannot miss important lessons. You …..(3)….. attend extra classes in time tomorrow. Otherwise I will punish you. You …..(4)….. return my book which I gave you a month ago. You …..(5)….. change your habits otherwise you will not come up in life.
Answer:
1) should; 2) must; 3) must; 4) must; 5) should

ii) Now read the conversation between a doctor and a patient and fill in the blanks with should (should not) and must(must not).
Doctor: Mr. Rao, what exactly is your problem?
Patient: I’ve been suffering from gastric problem for a long time.
Doctor: Mr. Rao, I …..(1)….. say you …..(2)….. eat non-vegetarian or spicy food for some time.
Patient: Can I eat boiled eggs or omelettes, doctor?
Doctor: Isn’t an egg non-vegetarian? You …..(3)….. eat any non vegetarian food for quite some time. In fact, you …..(4)….. have stopped eating it long ago. You ….(5)….. consult me in a week.
Patient: I am sorry, doctor. I won’t eat non-vegetarian food any longer. You are quite correct, doctor. I …..(6)….. take youe advice and …..(7)….. avoid eating non-vegetarian and spicy food. Thank you very much, doctor.
Doctor: Yor are welcome. I think you …..(8)….. remember my advice.
Answer:
1) should; 2) must not; 3) must not; 4) should; 5) should; 6) should; 7) must; 8) should

F. Change the following sentences into other forms of comparison as indicated in brackets.
1. Rahul Dravid is one of the greatest batsmen in the world, (comparative degree)
2. Alexander was the greatest soldier in the world.( positive degree)
3. India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. (comparative degree)
4. No other river in the world is so long as the Nile. (superlative degree)
5. Hindi is one of the most popular languages in India. (positive degree)
6. Lara is not so great as Tendulkar. (comparative degree)
7. Rekha is one of the most beautiful girls in the class. (positive degree)
8. Very few metals are as expensive as platinum. (comparative degree)
9. Shimla is colder than all other hill stations in the Himachal Pradesh. (superlative degree)
10. Delhi is one of the most crowded cities of India. (positive degree)
Answer:
1) Rahul Dravid is greater than most other batsmen in the world.
2) No other soldier in the world is so great as Alexander.
3) India is faster developing than most other countries in the world.
4) The Nile is the longest river in the world.
5) Very few languages in India are as popular as Hindi.
6) Tendulkar is greater than Lara.
7) Very few girls in the class are as beautiful as Rekha.
8) Platinum is more expensive than most other metals.
9) Shimla is the coldest of all the hill stations in the Himachal Pradesh,
10) Very few cities in India are as crowded as Delhi.