Category: Class 9

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Co-Ordinate Geometry Ex 5.1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Maths Solutions 5th Lesson Co-Ordinate Geometry Exercise 5.1

Question 1.
In a locality, there is a main road along North – South direction. The map is given below. With the help of the picture answer the following questions.

i) What is the 3rd object on the left side in street no. 3 while going in east direction ?
ii) Find the name of the 2nd house which is on right side of street 2 while going in east direction.
iii) Locate the position of Mr. K’s house.
iv) How do you describe the position of the post office ?
v) How do you describe the location of the hospital ?
Solution:
i) Water tank
ii) Mr. J’s house
iii) In street No. 2, 3rd house on right side.
iv) In street No. 4, the first house on right side.
v) In street No. 4, the last house on left side.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Lines and Angles Ex 4.4 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Maths Solutions 4th Lesson Lines and Angles Exercise 4.4

Question 1.
In the given triangles, find out ∠x, ∠y and ∠z

Solution:
In fig(i)
x° = 50° + 60°
(∵ exterior angle is equal to sum of the opposite interior angles)
∴ x= 110°

In fig (ii)
z° = 60° + 70°
(∵ exterior angle is equal to sum of the opposite interior angles)
∴ z = 130°

In fig (iii)
y° = 35° + 45° = 80°
(∵ exterior angle is equal to sum of the opposite interior angles)

Question 2.
In the given figure AS // BT; ∠4 = ∠5, \(\overline{\mathbf{S B}}\) bisects ∠AST. Find the measure of ∠1.

Solution:
Given AS // BT
∠4 = ∠5 and SB bisects ∠AST.
∴ By problem
∠2 = ∠3 …………..(1)
For the lines AS // BT
∠2 = ∠5 ( ∵alternate interior angles)
∴ In ΔBST
∠3 = ∠5 = ∠4
Hence ΔBST is equilateral triangle and each of its angle is equal to 60°.
∴∠3 = ∠2 = 60° [by eq. (1)]
Now ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 180°
∠1 + 60° + 60° = 180°
[ ∵ angles at a point on a line]
∴∠1 = 180° – 120° = 60°

Question 3.
In the given figure AB // CD; BC // DE then find the values of x and y.

Solution:
Given that AB // CD and BC // DE.
∴ 3x = 105° (∵ alternate interior angles for AB // CD)
x = \(\frac { 105° }{ 3 }\) = 35°
Also BC // DE
∴∠D = 105°
(∵ alternate interior angles)
Now in ΔCDE
24° + 105° + y = 180°
(∵ angle sum property)
∴ y = 180° – 129° = 51°

Question 4.
In the given figure BE ⊥ DA and CD ⊥ DA then prove that m∠1 = m∠3.

Solution:
Given that CD ⊥ DA and BE ⊥ DA.
⇒ Two lines CD and BE are perpendicular to the same line DA.
⇒ CD // BE (or)
∠D =∠E ⇒ CD // BE
(∵ corresponding angles for CD and BE and DA are transversal)
Now m∠1 = m∠3
(∵alternate interior angles for the lines CD // BE ; DB are transversal)
Hence proved.

Question 5.
Find the values of x, y for which lines AD and BC become parallel.

Solution:
For the lines AD and BC to be parallel x – y = 30° (corresponding angles) ……… (1)
2x = 5y ………….(2)
(∵ alternate interior angles)
Solving (1) & (2)

y = \(\frac{60}{3}\) = 20°
Substituting y = 20° in eq. (1)
x – 20° = 30°
⇒ x = 50°
∴ x = 50° and y = 20°

Question 6.
Find the values of x and y in the figure.

Solution:
From the figure y + 140° = 180°
(∵ linear pair of angles)
∴ y = 180° – 140° = 40°
And x° = 30° + y°
(∵ exterior angle = sum of the opposite interior angles)
x° = 30° + 40° = 70°

Question 7.
In the given figure segments shown by arrow heads are parallel. Find the values of x and y.

Solution:
From the figure
x° = 30° (∵ alternate interior angles)
y° = 45° + x° (∵ exterior angles of a triangle = sum of opp. interior angles)
y = 45° + 30° – 75°

Question 8.
In the given figure sides QP and RQ of ∠PQR are produced to points S and T respectively. If ∠SPR = 135° and ∠PQT = 110°, find ∠PRQ.

Solution:
Given that ∠SPR = 135° and ∠PQT =110°
From the figure
∠SPR + ∠RPQ = 180°
∠PQT + ∠PQR = 180°
[∵ linear pair of angles]
⇒ ∠RPQ = 180° – ∠SPR
= 180° – 135° = 45°
⇒ ∠PQR = 180° – ∠PQT
= 180°-110° = 70°
Now in APQR
∠RPQ + ∠PQR + ∠PRQ = 180°
[∵ angle sum property]
∴ 45° + ’70° + ∠PRQ = 180°
∴ ∠PRQ = 180°-115° = 65°

Question 9.
In the given figure ∠X = 62° ; ∠XYZ = 54°. In ΔXYZ. If YO and ZO are the bisectors of ∠XYZ and ∠XZY respec-tively find ∠OZY and ∠YOZ.

Solution:
Given that ∠X = 62° and ∠Y = 54°
YO arid ZO are bisectors of ∠Y and ∠Z.
In ΔXYZ
∠X + ∠XYZ + ∠XZY = 180° .
62° + 54° + ∠XZY = 180°
=> ∠XZY = 180°- 116° = 64°
Also in Δ????OYZ
∠OYZ = 1/2 ∠XYZ = 1/2 x 54° = 27°
(∵ YO is bisector of ∠XYZ)
∠OZY = 1/2 ∠XZY = 1/2 x 64° = 32
(∵ OZ is bisector of ∠XYZ)
And ∠OYZ + ∠OZY + ∠YOZ = 180°
(∵ angle sum property, ΔOYZ)
⇒ 27 + 32° + ∠YOZ = 180°
⇒ ∠YOZ = 180° – 59° = 121°

Question 10.
In the given figure if AB // DE, ∠BAC = 35° and ∠CDE = 53°, find ∠DCE.

Solution:
Given that AB // DE, ∠CDE = 53°;
∠BAC = 35°
Now ∠E = 35°
( ∵ alternate interior angles)
Now in ∆CDE
∠C + ∠D + ∠E = 180°
(∵angle sum property, ACDE)
∴ ∠DCE + 53° + 35° = 180°
⇒ ∠DCE = 180° – 88° = 92°

Question 11.
In the given figure if line segments PQ and RS intersect at point T, such that∠PRT = 40°, ∠RPT = 95° and ∠TSQ = 75°, find ∠SQT.

Solution:
Given that ∠PRT = 40°; ∠RPT = 95°;
∠TSQ = 75°
In ∆PRT ∠P + ∠R + ∠PTR = 180°
(∵angle sum property)
95° + 40° + ∠PTR = 180°
⇒ ∠PTR = 180° – 135° = 45°
Now ∠PTR = ∠STQ
(∵ vertically opposite angles)
In ΔSTQ ∠S + ∠Q + ∠STQ = 180°
(∵ angle sum property)
75° + ∠SQT + 45° = 180°
∴ ∠SQT = 180° – 120° = 60°

Question 12.
In the given figure, ABC is a triangle in which ∠B = 50° and ∠C = 70°. Sides AB and AC are produced. If ∠ is the measure of angle between the bisec¬tors of the exterior angles so formed, then find ‘z’.

Solution:
Given that ∠B = 50°; ∠C = 70°
Angle between bisectors of exterior angles B and C is ∠.
From the figure
50° + 2x = 180°
70° + 2y = 180°
(∵ linear pair of angles)
∴ 2x= 180°-50°
2x= 130°
x = \(\frac{130}{2}\)
= 65°

2y= 180°-70°
2y= 110°
x = \(\frac{110°}{2}\)
= 55°

Now in ΔBOC
x + y + ∠ = 180° (∵ angle sum property)
65° + 55° + ∠ = 180°
z = 180° -120° = 60°

Question 13.
In the given figure if PQ ⊥ PS; PQ // SR, ∠SQR = 28° and ∠QRT = 65°, then find the values of x and y.

Solution:
Given that PQ ⊥ PS ; PQ // SR
∠SQR = 28°, ∠QRT = 65°
From the figure
∠QSR = x° (∵ alt. int. angles for the lines PQ // SR)
Also 65° = x + 28° (∵ ext. angles = sum of the opp. interior angles)
∴ x° = 65° – 28° = 37°
And x° + y° = 90°
[ ∵ PQ ⊥ PS and PQ // SR. ⇒ ∠P = ∠S]
37° + y = 90°
∴ y = 90° – 37° = 53°

Question 14.
In the given figure ΔABC side AC has been produced to D. ∠BCD = 125° and ∠A: ∠B = 2:3, find the measure of ∠A and ∠B

Solution:
Given that ∠BCD = 125°
∠A : ∠B = 2 : 3
Sum of the terms of the ratio
∠A : ∠B = 2 + 3 = 5
We know that ∠A + ∠B = ∠BCD
(∵ exterior angles of triangle is equal to sum of its opp. interior angles)
∴ ∠A = \(\frac{2}{5}\) x 125° = 50°
∠B = \(\frac{3}{5}\) x 125° = 75°

Question 15.
In the given figure, it is given that, BC // DE, ∠BAC = 35° and ∠BCE = 102°. Find the measure of 0 ∠BCA i0 ∠ADE and iii) ∠CED.

Solution:
Given that BC // DE ; ∠BAC = 35°;
∠BCE = 102°

i) From the figure
102° + ∠BCA = 180°
(∵ linear pair of angles)
∴ ∠BCA = 180° – 102° = 78°

ii) ∠ADE + ∠CBD = 180°
(∵ interior angles on the same side of the transversal)
∠ADE + (78° + 35°) = 180°
(∵ ∠CBD = ∠BAC + ∠BCA)
∴ ∠ADE = 180° – 113° = 67°

iii) From the figure .
∠CED = ∠BCA = 78°
(∵ corresponding angles)

Question 16.
In the given figure, it is given that AB = AC; ∠BAC = 36°; ∠ADB = 45° and ∠AEC = 40°. Find i) ∠ABC
i) ∠ACB iii) ∠DAB iv) ∠EAC.

Solution:
Given that AB = AC; ∠BAC = 36°,
∠ADB = 45°, ∠AEC = 40°
(i) & (ii)
In ∆ABC ; AB = AC
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠ ACB
And 36° + ∠ABC + ∠ACB = 180°
(∵ angle sum property)
∴ ∠ABC = \(\frac{180^{\circ}-36^{\circ}}{2}=\frac{144^{\circ}}{2}=72^{\circ}\)
∠ACB = 72°

iii) From the figure
∠ABD + ∠ABC = 180°
∠ABD = 180° – 72° = 1086
In ΔABD
∠DAB + ∠ABD + ∠D = 180°
∠DAB + 108° + 45° = 180°
∠DAB = 180° – 153° = 27°

iv) In ΔADE
∠D + ∠A + ∠E = 180°
45° + ∠A + 40° = 180°
⇒ ∠A = 180° -85° = 95°
But ∠A = ∠DAB + 36° + ∠EAC
95° = 27°, + 36° + ∠EAC
∴ ∠EAC = 95° – 63° = 32°

Question 17.
Using information given in the figure, calculate the values of x and y.

Solution:
From the figure In ∆ACB
34° + 62° + ∠ACB = 180°
(∵ angle sum property)
∴ ∠ACB = 180° – 96° = 84° .
And x + ∠ACB = 180°
(∵ linear pair of angles) .
∴ x + 84° = 180°
x = 180°-84° = 96°
(OR)
x = 34° + 62° = 96°
( ∵ x is exterior angle, ∆ABC)
y = 24° + x°
= 24° + 96° = 120°
(∵ y is exterior angle, ∆DCE)

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation Ex 2.4 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Maths Solutions 2nd Lesson Polynomials and Factorisation Exercise 2.4

Question 1.
Determine which of the following polynomials has (x + 1) as a factor.
i) x³ – x² – x + 1
Solution:
f(- 1) = (- 1)³ – (- 1)² – (- 1) + 1
= -1 – 1 + 1 + 1 = 0
∴ (x + 1) is a factor.

ii) x⁴ -x³ +x² – x + 1
Solution:
f(- 1) = (- 1)⁴ – (- 1)³ + (- 1)² – (- 1) + 1
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1= 5
∴ (x + 1) is not a factor.

iii) x⁴ + 2x³ + 2x² + x + 1
Solution:
f(- 1) = (-1)⁴ + 2 (- 1)³ + 2 (- 1)² + (-1) + 1
= 1 – 2 + 2 – 1 + 1 = 1
∴ (x + 1) is not a factor.

iv) x³ – x² – (3 – √3)x + √3
Solution:
f(- 1) = (- 1)³ – (- 1)² – (3 – √3)(-1) + √3
= – 1 – 1 + 3 – √3 + √3 = 1
∴ (x + 1) is not a factor.

Question 2.
Use the factor theorem to determine whether g(x) is a factor of f(x) in each of the following cases:
i) f(x) = 5x³ + x² – 5x – 1; g(x) = x + 1
[Factor theorem : If f(x) is a polynomial; f(a) = 0 then (x – a) is a factor of f(x); a ∈ R]
Solution:
g(x) = x+ 1 = x- a say
∴ a = – 1
f(a) = f(- 1) = 5 (- 1)³ + (- 1)² – 5 (- 1) – 1
= -5 + 1 + 5 – 1 = 0
∴ x + 1 is a factor of f(x).

ii) f(x) = x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1; g(x) = x + 1
Solution:
g(x) = x + 1 = x – a
∴ a = – 1
f(a) = f(- 1) = (- 1)³ + 3 (- 1)² + 3(-1) + 1
= -1 + 3 – 3 + 1 =0
∴ f(x) is a factor of g(x).

iii) f(x) = x³ – 4x² + x + 6;
g(x) = x – 2
Solution:
g(x) = x- 2 = x- a
∴ a = 2
f(a) = f(2) = 2³ – 4(2)² + 2 + 6
= 8 – 16 + 2 + 6 = 0
∴ g(x) is a factor of f(x).

iv) f(x) = 3x³+ x² – 20x +12; g(x) = 3x – 2
Solution:
g(x) = 3x – 2 = \(x-\frac{2}{3}\) = x – a
∴ a = 2/3

v) f(x) = 4x³+ 20x²+ 33x + 18; g(x) = 2x + 3
Solution:
g(x) = 2x + 3 = x + \(\frac{3}{2}=\) = x – a
∴ a = -3/2

∴ g(x) is a factor of f(x).

Question 3.
Show that (x – 2), (x + 3) and (x – 4) are factors of x³ – 3x² – 10x + 24.
Solution:
Given f(x) = x³ – 3x² – 10x + 24
To check whether (x – 2), (x + 3) and (x – 4) are factors of f(x), let f(2), f(- 3) and f(4)
f(2) = 2³ – 3(2)² – 10(2) + 24
= 8- 12-20 + 24 = 0
∴ (x – 2) is a factor of f(x).

f(- 3) = (- 3)³ – 3(- 3)²– 10(- 3) + 24
= – 27 – 27 + 30 + 24 = 0
∴ (x + 3) is a factor of f(x).

f(4) = (4)³ – 3 (4)² – 10 (4) + 24
= 64 – 48 – 40 + 24
= 88 – 88
= 0
∴ (x – 4) is a factor of f(x).

Question 4.
Show that (x + 4), (x – 3) and (x – 7) are factors of x³ – 6x² – 19x + 84.
Solution:
Let f(x) = x³ – 6x² – 19x + 84
To verify whether (x + 4), (x – 3) and (x – 7) are factors of f(x) we use factor theorem.

Let f(- 4), f(3) and f(7)
f(- 4) = (- 4)³ – 6 (- 4)² – 19 (- 4) + 84
= -64 – 96 + 76 + 84
= 0 .
∴ (x + 4) is a factor of f(x).

f(3) = 3³ – 6(3)² – 19(3) + 84
= 27 – 54 – 57 + 84
= 0
∴ (x – 3) is a factor of f(x).

f(7) = 7³ – 6(7)² – 19(7) + 84
= 343 – 294 – 133 + 84
= 427 – 427
= 0
∴ (x – 7) is a factor of f(x).

Question 5.
If both (x – 2) and \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\) of px² + 5x + r, show that p = r.
Solution:
Let f(x) = px²+ 5x + r
As (x – 2) and \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\) are factor of f(x), we have f(2) = 0 and f(1/2) = 0
∴ f(2) = p(2)² + 5(2) + r
= 4p + 10 + r = 0
= 4p + r
= – 10 ………………(1)

⇒ p + 10 + 4r = 0
⇒ p + 4r = – 10 ………………. (2)
From (1) and (2);
4p + r = p + 4r
4p – p = 4r – r
3p = 3r
∴ P = r

Question 6.
If (x² – 1) is a factor of ax⁴ + bx³ + cx² + dx + e, show that a + c + e = b + d = 0.
Solution:
Let f(x) = ax⁴ + bx³ + cx² + dx + e
As (x – 1) is a factor of f(x) we have
x² – 1 = (x + 1) (x – 1) hence f(1) = 0 and f(-1) = 0
f(1) = a + b + c + d + e = 0 ……………. (1)
and f(-1) = a- b + c- d + e = 0
⇒ a + c + e = b + d
Substitute this value in equation (1)
a + c + e + b + d=0
b + d + b + d=0
2 (b + d) = 0
⇒ b + d = 0
∴ a + c + e = b + d = 0

Question 7.
Factorise
i) x³ – 2x² – x + 2
Solution:
Let f(x) = x³ – 2x² – x + 2
By trial, we find f(l) = 1³ – 2(1)² – 1 + 2
= 1 – 2 – 1 + 2
= 0 .
∴ (x – 1) is a factor of f(x).
[by factor theorem]
Now dividing f(x) by (x – 1).

f(x) = (x – 1) (x² – x – 2)
= (x – 1) [x² – 2x + x- 2]
= (x – 1) [x (x – 2) + 1 (x – 2)]
= (x – 1) (x – 2) (x + 1)

ii) x³ – 3x² – 9x – 5
Solution:
Let f(x) = x³ – 3x² – 9x – 5By trial,
f(- 1) = (- 1)³ – 3(- 1)² – 9(- 1) – 5
=-1 – 3 + 9 – 5
=0
∴ (x + 1) is a factor of f(x).
[ ∵ by factor theorem]
Now dividing f(x) by (x + 1).

f(x)=(x + 1)(x² – 4x – 5)
But x²– 4x – 5 = x² – 5x + x – 5
= x (x – 5) + 1 (x – 5)
=(x – 5)(x + 1)
∴ f(x)=(x + 1)(x + 1)(x – 5)

iii) x³ + 13x² + 32x + 20
Solution:
Let f(x) = x³ + 13x² + 32x + 20
Let f(- 1)
= (- 1)³ + 13 (- 1)² + 32 (- 1) + 20
= – 1 + 13 – 32 + 20 = 33 – 33 = 0
∴ (x + 1) is a factor of f(x).
[ ∵ by factor theorem] Now dividing f(x) by (x + 1).

iv) y³ + y² – y – 1
Let f(y) = y³ + y² – y – 1
f(1) = 1³+ 1²– 1 – 1 = 0
(y – 1) is a factor of f(y).
Now dividing f(y) by (y – 1).

∴ f(x) = (x + 1)(x² + 12x + 20)
But (x² + 12x + 20) = x²+ 10x + 2x + 20
=x(x + 10)+2(x + 10)
=(x + 10)(x + 2)
∴f(x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 10)

Question 8.
If ax² + bx + c and bx² + ax + c have a common factor x + 1 then show that c = 0 and a = b.
Solution:
Let f(x) = ax² + bx + c and g(x) = bx² + ax + c given that (x + 1) is a common factor for both f(x) and g(x).
∴ f(-1) = g(- 1)
⇒a(- 1)² + b(- 1) + c
= b(- 1)² + a (- 1) + c
⇒ a – b + c = b – a + c
⇒ a + a = b + b
⇒ 2a = 2b
⇒ a = b
Also f(- 1) = a – b + c = 0
⇒ b – b + c = 0
⇒ c = 0

Question 9.
If x² – x – 6 and x² + 3x – 18 have a common factor x – a then find the value of a.
Solution:
Let f(x) = x² – x – 6 and
g(x) = x² + 3x – 18
Given that (x – a) is a factor of both f(x) and g(x).
f(a) = g(a) = 0
⇒ a² – a – 6 = a² + 3a – 18
⇒ – 4a = – 18 + 6
⇒ – 4a = – 12
∴ a = 3

Question 10.
If (y – 3) is a factor of y³– 2y²– 9y + 18, then find the other two factors.
Solution:
Let f(y) = y³– 2y² – 9y + 18
Given that (y – 3) is a factor of f(y).
Dividing f(y) by (y – 3)

∴ f(y) = (y – 3) (y + y – 6)
But y² + y – 6
= y² + 3y – 2y – 6
= y (y + 3) – 2 (y + 3)
= (y + 3) (y – 2)
∴ f(y) = (y – 2)(y – 3)(y + 3)
The other two factors are (y – 2) and (y + 3).

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.3 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Maths Solutions 1st Lesson Real Numbers Exercise 1.4

Question 1.
Simple the following expressions.
i) (5 + √7) (2 + √5)
Solution:
(5 + √7) (2 + √5)
= 10 + 5√5 + 2√7 + √35

ii) (5 + √5) (5 – √5)
Solution:
(5 + √5) (5 – √5)
= 5² + (√5)²
= 25 – 5 = 20

(iii) (√3 + √7)²
Solution:
(√3 + √7)²
= (√3)² + (√7)² + 2(√3)(√7)
= 3 + 7 + 2√21
= 10 + 2√21

iv) (√11 – √7) (√11 + √7)
= (√11)² – (√7)²
= 11 – 7 = 4

Question 2.
Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational.
i) 5 – √3
ii) √3 + √2
iii) (√2 – 2)²
iv) \(\frac{2 \sqrt{7}}{7 \sqrt{7}}\)
v) 2π
vii) (2 +√2) (2 – √2)
Solution:
i) 5 – √3 – irrational
ii) √3 + √2 – irrational
iii) (√2 – 2)² – irrational
iv) \(\frac{2 \sqrt{7}}{7 \sqrt{7}}\) – rational
v) 2π – Transcendental number. (not irrational)
vi) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)– irrational
vii) (2 +√2) (2 – √2) – rational

Question 3.
In the following equations, find whether variables x, y, z etc., represents rational or irrational numbers.
i) x² = 7
ii) y² = 16
iii) z² = 0.02
iv) u² = \(\frac{17}{4}\)
v) w² = 27
vi) t⁴ = 256
Solution:
i) x² = 7
⇒ x = √7 is an irrational number.
ii) y² = 16 ⇒ y = 4 is a rational number.
iii) z² = 0.02 ⇒ z = \(\sqrt{0.02}\) is an irrational number.
iv) u² = \(\frac{17}{4}\) ⇒ x = \(\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\) is an irrational number.
v) w² = 27 ⇒ w = \(3 \sqrt{3}\) an irrational number.
vi) t⁴ = 256 ⇒ t² = \(\sqrt{256}\) = 16
⇒ t = \(\sqrt{16}\) = 4 is a rational number

Qeustion 4.
The ratio of circumference to the diameter of a circle c/d is represented by π. But we say that π is an irrational number. Why?

Question 5.
Rationalise the denominators of the following.
i) \(\frac{1}{3+\sqrt{2}}\)
Solution:

ii) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6}}\)
Solution:

iii) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\)
Solution:

iv) \(\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}\)
Solution:

Question 6.
Simplify each of the following by rationalising the denominator.
i) \(\frac{6-4 \sqrt{2}}{6+4 \sqrt{2}}\)
Solution:

ii) \(\frac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{5}}\)
Solution:

iii) \(\frac{1}{3 \sqrt{2}-2 \sqrt{3}}\)
Solution:

iv) \(\frac{3 \sqrt{5}-\sqrt{7}}{3 \sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}\)
Solution:

Question 7.
Find the value of \(\frac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}\) upto three decimal places. (take \(\sqrt{2}\) = 1.414, \(\sqrt{3}\) = 1.732 and \(\sqrt{5}\) = 2.236).
Solution:

Question 8.
Find
i) 64^1/6
Solution:
= (2⁶)^1/6
= 6

ii) 32^1/5
Solution:
32^1/5
= (2⁵)^1/5
= 2

iii) 625^1/4
625^1/5
= (5⁴)^1/4
= 5

iv) 16^3/2
Solution:
16^3/2
= (4²)^3/2

v) 243^2/5
Solution:
243^2/5
= (3⁵)^2/5

vi) (46656)^-1/6
Solution:

Question 9.
Simplify \(\sqrt[4]{81}-8 \sqrt[3]{343}+15 \sqrt[5]{32}+\sqrt{225}\)
Solution:

Question 10.
If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are rational numbers, find the values of a and b in each of the following equations.
i) \(\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}=\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{b} \sqrt{6}\)
Solution:
Given that \(\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}=\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{b} \sqrt{6}\)
Rationalising the denominator we get

Comparing 5 + 2√6 with a + b√6
We have a = 5 and b = 2

ii) \(\frac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}}{2 \sqrt{5}-3 \sqrt{3}}=a-b \sqrt{15}\)
Solution:
Given that \(\frac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}}{2 \sqrt{5}-3 \sqrt{3}}=a-b \sqrt{15}\)
Rationalising the denominator we get

AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.3 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Maths Solutions 1st Lesson Real Numbers Exercise 1.3

Question 1.
Visualise \(2.8 \overline{74}\) on the number line, using successive magnification.
Solution:

Question 2.
Visualise \(5 . \overline{28}\) on the number line, upto 3 decimal places.
Solution:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Maths Solutions 1st Lesson Real Numbers Exercise 1.2

Question 1.
Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational.
i) \(\sqrt{27}\)
ii) \(\sqrt{441}\)
iii) 30.232342345
iv) 7.484848
v) 11.2132435465
vi) 0.3030030003
Solution:
i) \(\sqrt{27}\) – irrational number
ii) \(\sqrt{441}\) = 21 – rational
iii) 30.232342345 – irrational number
iv) 7.484848 – rational number
v) 11.2132435465 – irrational number
vi) 0.3030030003 – irrational number

Question 2.
Explain with an example how irrational numbers differ from rational numbers ?
Solution:
Irrational numbers can’t be expressed in \(\frac { p }{ q }\) form where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
E.g.\(\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3} ; \sqrt{5}, \sqrt{7}\) etc.
Where as a rational can be expressed in \(\frac { p }{ q }\) form
E.g. :- -3 = \(\frac { -3 }{ 1 }\) and \(\frac { 5 }{ 4 }\) etc.

Question 3.
Find an irrational number between \(\frac { 5 }{ 7 }\) and \(\frac { 7 }{ 9 }\). How many more there may be ?
Solution :
The decimal forms of \(\frac { 5 }{ 7 }\) and \(\frac { 7 }{ 9 }\) are
\(\frac{5}{7}=0 . \overline{714285} \ldots ., \frac{7}{9}=0.7777 \ldots \ldots=0 . \overline{7}\)
∴ An irrational between \(\frac { 5 }{ 7 }\) and \(\frac { 7 }{ 9 }\) is 0.727543…………
There are infinitely many irrational numbers between \(\frac { 5 }{ 7 }\) and \(\frac { 7 }{ 9 }\).

Question 4.
Find two irrational numbers between 0.7 and 0.77.
Solution:
Two irrational numbers between 0.7 and 0.77 can take the form
0.70101100111000111…………. and 0.70200200022……………

Question 5.
Find the value of √5 uPto 3 decimal places.
Solution:

[√5 is not exactly equal to 2.2350679………….. as shown ¡n calculators]

Question 6.
Find the value of √7 upto six decimal places by long division method.
Solution:

Question 7.
Locate \(\sqrt{\mathrm{10}}\) on number line.

Step – 1 : Draw a number line.
Step – 2 : Draw a rectangle OABC at zero with measures 3 x 1. i.e., length 3 units and breadth 1 unit.
Step – 3 : Draw the diagonal OB.
Step – 4 : Draw an arc with centre ‘O’ and radius OB which cuts the number line at D.
Step – 5 : ‘D’ represents \(\sqrt{\mathrm{10}}[latex] on the number line.

Question 8.
Find atleast two irrational numbers between 2 and 3.
Solution:
An irrational number between a and b is Tab [latex]\sqrt{\mathrm{ab}}\) unless ab is a perfect square.
∴ Irrational number between 2 and 3 is √6

∴ Required irrational numbers are 6^1/2, 24^1/4

Method – II:
Irrational numbers between 2 and 3 are of the form 2.12111231234………….. and 3.13113111311113…….

Question 9.
State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
Solution:

1. Every irrational number is a real number – True (since real numbers consist of rational numbers and irrational numbers)
2. Every rational number is a real number – True (same as above)
3. Every rational number need not be a rational number – False (since all rational numbers are real numbers).
4. \(\sqrt{n}\) is not irrational if n is a perfect square – True. (since by definition of an irrational number).
5. \(\sqrt{n}\) is irrational if n is not a perfect square – True. (same as above)
6. All real numbers are irrational – False (since real numbers consist of rational

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Maths Solutions 1st Lesson Real Numbers Exercise 1.1

Question 1.
a) Write any three rational numbers.
Solution:
\(\frac{3}{4}, \frac{5}{9}, \frac{2}{7}\)

b) Explain rational number is in your own words.
Solution:
A number which can be expressed in algebraic form i.e., in \(\frac { p }{ q }\) form is called a rational number.
E.g.: \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\), \(\frac { -4 }{ 9 }\) etc.

Question 2.
Give one example each to the following statements.
i) A number which is rational but not an integer.
Solution:
7/11

ii) A whole number which is not a natural number.
Solution:
‘0’ (Zero)

iii) An integer which is not a whole number.
Solution:
-8

iv) A number which is natural number, whole number, integer and rational number.
Solution:
5

v) A number which is an integer but not a natural number.
Solution:
-4

Question 3.
Find five rational numbers between 1 and 2.
Solution:

Question 4.
Five rational numbers between \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\) and \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\)
Solution:

Question 5.
Represent \(\frac { 8 }{ 5 }\) and \(\frac { -8 }{ 5 }\) on a number line.
Solution:

Step – 1 : Draw a number line.
Step – 2 : Divide each unit into 5 equal parts.
Step – 3 : Take 8 – equal parts from ‘0’ on its right side and mark it as \(\frac { 8 }{ 5 }\) (similarly) on left side \(\frac { -8 }{ 5 }\) .

Question 6.
Express the following rational numbers as decimal numbers.
Solution:
I. i) \(\frac { 242 }{ 1000 }\) .
ii) \(\frac { 354 }{ 500 }\) .
iii) \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) .
iv) \(\frac{115}{4}\)
Solution:
i) \(\frac { 242 }{ 1000 }\) = 0.242
ii) \(\frac{354}{500}\)
\(=\frac{354 \times 2}{500 \times 2}\)
\(=\frac{708}{1000}\)
\(=0.708\)
iii) \(\frac{2}{5}\)
\(=\frac{2 \times 2}{5 \times 2}\)
\(=\frac{4}{10}\)
\(=0.4\)
iv)

II. i) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Solution:

ii) \(\frac{-25}{36}\)
Solution:

iii) \(\frac{22}{7}\)
Solution:

iv) \(\frac{11}{9}\)
Solution:

Question 7.
Express each of the following decimals in \(\frac{p}{q}\) form where q ≠ 0 and p, q are integers.
i) 0.36
Solution:
0.36 = \(\frac{36}{100}=\frac{9}{25}\)

ii) 15.4
Solution:
15.4 = \(\frac{154}{10}=\frac{77}{5}\)

iii) 10.25
Solution:
10.25 = \(\frac{1025}{100}=\frac{41}{4}\)

iv) 3.25
Solution:
3.25 = \(\frac{325}{100}=\frac{13}{4}\)

Question 8.
Express each of the following decimal number in the \(\frac { p }{ q }\) form.
i) \(0 . \overline{5}\)
Solution:
Let x = \(0 . \overline{5}\) = 0.5555
Multiplying both sides by 10

ii) \(3 . \overline{8}\)
Solution:
Let x = \(3 . \overline{8}\)
(i.e) x = 3.888 ………..
Multiplying both sides by 10

iii) \(0 . \overline{36}\)
Solution:
Let x \(0 . \overline{36}\)
(i.e) x = 0.363636 ………..
Multiplying by 100 on both sides

iv) \(3.12 \overline{7}\)
Solution:
Let x = \(3.12 \overline{7}\)
x = 0.12777
Multiplying by 10 on both sides

Question 9.
Without actually dividing find which of the following are terminating
decimals.
i) \(\frac { 3 }{ 25 }\)
Solution:
Check the denominator, if it consists of 2’s or 5’s or combination of both then only it reduces to a terminating decimal.
25 = 5 x 5
Hence \(\frac { 3 }{ 25 }\) is a terminating decimal.

ii) \(\frac { 11 }{ 18 }\)
Solution:
Denominator 18 = 2 × 3 × 3,
hence \(\frac { 11 }{ 18 }\) is a non-terminating decimal 13

iii) \(\frac { 13 }{ 20 }\)
Denominator 20 = 2 × 2 × 5,
hence \(\frac { 13 }{ 20 }\) is a terminating decimal.

iv) \(\frac { 41 }{ 42 }\)
Solution:
Denominator 42 = 2 × 3 × 7,
hence \(\frac { 41 }{ 42 }\) is a non-terminating decimal.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Biology Important Questions Chapter 5 Diversity in Living Organism.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Biology Important Questions 5th Lesson Diversity in Living Organism

9th Class Biology 5th Lesson Diversity in Living Organism 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How are living things classified?
Answer:

• Living things are classified on the basis of their body designs.
• Living things are classified on the basis of dissimilarities and similarities.

Question 2.
What are the uses of Arthropod animals?
Answer:
Arthropods help in pollination, honey collection, silk industry, and in preparation of Lac.

Question 3.
What is biodiversity?
Answer:
The variety of animals and plants living in a given geographical area is called biodiversity of that geographical area.

Question 4.
Who coined the term bio-diversity?
Answer:
Walter. G. Rosen

Question 5.
What is the need for system of classification?
Answer:
To make the study of plants and animals easier.

Question 6.
What are variations?
Answer:
Differences exhibited by organisms of the same species.

Question 7.
What is fauna?
Answer:
A collection of various animal groups in a particular geographical area is called fauna.

Question 8.
What is flora?
Answer:
A collection of various plant groups in a particular geographical area is called flora.

Question 9.
What are viviparous animals?
Answer:
Animals giving birth to young ones are called viviparous animals.

Question 10.
What is a notochord?
Answer:
A long flexible shaped supporting structure that runs along the back of the animal separating the nervous tissue from the gut.

Question 11.
What is species?
Answer:
Species is defined as a dynamic group of organisms, which resemble each other in all essential aspects, i.e structure and function, and interbreed to produce fertile young ones of their own kind.

Question 12.
What are cotyledons?
Answer:
Plant embryos in seeds are called cotyledons.

Question 13.
Name two mammals that lay eggs.
Answer:
Platypus, Echidna.

Question 14.
Who wrote the book “The origin of species”?
Answer:
Charles Darwin.

Question 15.
Which division is called the amphibian of plant kingdom?
Answer:
Bryophyte.

Question 16.
What is evolution?
Answer:
The life forms that exist today have raisen because of changes in their body design over a course of time to adapt themselves in the changing conditions. This is called evolution.

Question 17.
Name two animals that live in water.
Answer:
Whale, Platypus, Dolphins, etc.

Question 18.
Which type of leaf venation do you find in monocots?
Answer:
Parallel leaf venation

Question 19.
How many cotyledons are present in the embryo of groundnut?
Answer:
Two cotyledons.

Question 20.
Which type of root system do you find in monocot plants?
Answer:
Fibrous Root system.

Question 21.
Define classification.
Answer:
Classification is the systematic study of organisms present in nature with respect to their evolution.

Question 22.
Who wrote the book “Vrikshayurveda”?
Answer:
Parasara

Question 23.
According to 5 kingdom classification, to which kingdom ‘Paramecium’ belongs?
Answer:
Protista.

Question 24.
Organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus are called?
Answer:
Prokaryotes

Question 25.
Cell wall of bacteria is made of?
Answer:
Peptidoglycon

Question 26.
Give two examples of Gymnosperms.
Answer:
Cycas, Pine

Question 27.
To which phylum octopus belong?
Answer:
Mollusca

Question 28.
Name the phylum that Tapeworm belongs to.
Answer:
Platyhelminthes

Question 29.
Name the phylum that spider belongs to.
Answer:
Arthropoda

Question 30.
Name the phylum that Hydra belongs to.
Answer:
Cnidaria

Question 31.
Name the phylum StarFish belongs to.
Answer:
Echinodermata

Question 32.
Which plants have flowers as their reproductive organs?
Answer:
Angiosperms

Question 33.
In which phylum, exoskeleton of feathers, lay eggs outside the water is seen and flight is possible is seen in?
Answer:
In Aves

Question 34.
Who proposed 5 kingdom classification?
Answer:
Whittaker

Question 35.
Name two bryophytes of Plantae.
Answer:
Moss and Riccia

Question 36.
Phanerogams bearing naked seeds are called?
Answer:
Gymnos perms

Question 37.
Give two examples of Gymnosperms.
Answer:
Pines, cycas and deodar.

Question 38.
Which root system present in dicots?
Answer:
Tap root system.

Question 39.
Scorpions, spiders belongs to which phylum?
Answer:
Arthropoda

Question 40.
What is genus?
Answer:
A genus is a group of related species.

Question 41.
Canal system can be seen in?
Answer:
Sponges

Question 42.
In which phylum water vascular system can be seen?
Answer:
Echinodermata

Question 43.
Name the phylum of the following organisms whose exclusive characteristics are given below (a) Hallow bones (b) Soft body, Muscular marine animal.
Answer:
a) Aves
b) Mollusca

Question 44.
Name the respiratory organs present in Pisces.
Answer:
Gills

Question 45.
Warm blooded, external ear, heart is four Chambered. In which phylum these characters are exclusively present?
Answer:
Mammals

Question 46.
Name the phylum that sponges belongs to.
Answer:
Porifera

9th Class Biology 5th Lesson Diversity in Living Organism 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the contributions of Indian scientists towards classification in ancient India?
Answer:

• In India classification had been the basis of studies in Medicines and dates back to first and second century A.D.
• Charaka and Sushrut had classified plants on the basis of their medical importance.
• Parasara in his book ‘Vrikshayurveda’ documented the classification system for several land plants for the first time.
• This classification mainly deals with the structure of the flowers.

Question 2.
Name the five kingdoms of living organisms classified by Whittaker.
Answer:
The five kingdoms are :

1. Kingdom Monera
2. Kingdom Protista
3. Kingdom Plantae
4. Kingdom Fungi
5. Kingdom Animalia

Question 3.
What are the major groups of moneran organisms?
Answer:
Three major groups of organisms come under this group. They are :
1. Archaebacteria :
Ancient bacteria, some species found in hot springs.

2. Eubacteria :
eg : Streptococcus, Rhizobium, e.coli.

3. Cyanobacteria :
Green bacteria.

Question 4.
What are the characteristic features of plants?
Answer:

• Plants are diverse in nature.
• Plant body is divided into root, stem, leaves.
• They are multicellular, eukaryotic with cell walls.
• They are usually autotrophs and use mainly chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

Question 5.
What is nomen Clature? Who proposed it?
Answer:

• Naming of oranisms with a distinctive scientific name is called nomenclature.
• Nomen clature rovides a uniform way of identification of the vast diversity of life around us.
• Carl Linneaus introduced Binomial nomenclature by which an organism is named by two words a generic name and a specific name.

Question 6.
What are the salient features of Phylum Coelenterata? Give examples.
Answer:

• These are aquatic forms.
• Cavity is present inside the body.
• The body is made up of two layers (diploblastic).
• Some live in colonies like the corals that are tiny, while others like hydra, jellyfish, and sea anemons are common examples.

Question 7.
What are the characteristic features of Phylum Nematoda? Give examples.
Answer:

• The body of nematoda is cylindrical, bilaterally symmetrical, and triploblastic.
• There are tissues but no real organs.
• Pseudocoelom is present.
• These are parasitic worms causing elephantiasis (filarial worms) or the worms in the intestines (roundworm).

Question 8.
What are the salient features of Mollusca? Give examples.
Answer:

• Animals are bilaterally symmetrical, body cavity or coelomic cavity is reduced.
• There is little segmentation.
• They have open circulatory system and kidney like organs for excretion.
• There is a foot for moving around. Examples are snails and mussels.

Question 9.
What are the differences between spores and seeds?
Answer:

Question 10.
What are the differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperins?
Answer:

Question 11.
What are the differences between Poriferan animals and Coelenterate animals?
Answer:

Question 12.
Give two points of differentiation of Phylum Annelida, Arthropoda, and Mollusca.
Answer:

Question 13.
What are the salient features of Aves? Give examples.
Answer:

• The body is covered with feathers.
• They are warm blooded animals.
• Heart is four chambered.
• They lay eggs. Claws on their toes are present.
  Eg : Birds.

Question 14.
What are the characteristics that possessed by Chordates?
Answer:
All chordates possess the following features :

1. Have a notochord
2. Have a dorsal nerve cord
3. Are triploblastic
4. Have paired gill pouches
5. Are coelomate.

Question 15.
Write briefly about the vertebrates.
Answer:

• Vertebrates have a true vertebral column and internal skeleton.
• Skeleton allowing a completely different distribution of muscle attachment points to be used for movement.
• Vertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic coelomic, and segmented.
• Vertebrates have complex differentiation of body tissue and organs.

Question 16.
Wrrite briefly about the division of phylum chordate.
Answer:

• Some biologists divide phylum chordata into three subphyla viz.,
  1. Urochordata
  2. Cephalochordata
  3. Vertebrata.
• Subphylum Hemichordata is now treated as phylum Hemichordata.
• But the International Biological Society (IBS) is given approval to most recent classification of Cavallier and Smith in the year 2004.

Question 17.
What are the three criteria on which Whittaker based his system of classification?
Answer:
a) Complexity of cell structure
b) Body organisation
c ) Modes of nutrition

Question 18.
Give the characteristics of ’Aves’.
Answer:
a) Body i.e., covered with feathers.
b) Beak is present, teeth absent
c) Forelimbs modified for flying
d) Hollow bones for flying and streamlined body.

Question 19.
Give any two characters of Echinodermata.
Answer:
a) These are spiny skinned organisms.
b) Exclusively marine animals.
c) Water vascular system is present.
d) They have hard calcium carbonate structures that they use as a skeleton.

Question 20.

Now answer the following questions.
a) In which group plants having false roots and leaves?
b) In which group naked seeds bearing plants are included?
Answer:
a) Bryophyta
b) Gymnosperms

Read the above flow chart and answer the following questions.
i) What are the two major branches of plant kingdom?
ii) Name the group of plants that have false roots and leaves.
iii) What do you mean by angiosperms?
iv) What is the difference between the monocots and dicots?
Answer:
i) Cryptogams and phanerogams
ii) Bryophyta
iii) Plants with seed coat or embeded in fruit.
iv) Monocots have single Cotyledon where dicots with two Cotyledon

Question 21.
What are the conventions followed for writing the scientific names?
Answer:

• The name of the genus begins with a capital letter.
• The name of the species begins with a small letter.
  Example : Naja naja, Pila globosa

Question 22.
What are the major divisions in the plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?
Answer:

Question 23.
Write similarities between plants and animals.
Answer:

• Both are made up of cells and tissues.
• Both contain protoplasm and the genetic material DNA
• Both plants and animals show growth.
• Both show response to external stimuli.
• Both plants and animals reproduce and pass their characters to the off-spring by the same mechanism.

9th Class Biology 5th Lesson Diversity in Living Organism 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is biological diversity, classification, taxonomy, and variation?
Answer:
Biological diversity :
Bio-diversity is the diversity within the species, between the species, and of ecosystems.

Classification :
Classification in biology is the systematic study of organism present in nature with respect to their evolution.

Taxonomy :
The process of organizing plants and animals into different groups that * show their natural relationships.

Variation :
The presence of differences between organisms of the same species.

Question 2.
What is the relationship between classification and evolution?
Answer:

• All living things are identified and categorized on the basis of their structure and function.
• Some characteristics are likely to make more wide ranging changes in the body design than others.
• Characteristics that came into existence earlier are likely to be more basic than characteristics that have came into existence later.
• This means classification of life forms are closely related to their evolution.
• Evolution is the process of acquiring change.
• Charles Darwin first wrote about evolution in his book “The origin of species” in 1859.
• We many say that older organisms are simpler as compared to the younger.
• That is why evolution and classification has close relationship.

Question 3.
Write about classification of Carl Linneaus.
Answer:

• In 1758, Carl Linneaus proposed a system that has dominated classification for centuries.
• Linneaus gave each organism two names denoting genus and species.
• He grouped genera into families, families into orders, orders into classes, classes into Phyla, and Phyla into kingdoms.
• Linneaus identified two kingdoms. Animalia (animals) and Plantae (plants).
• Linneaus classified organisms on the basis of the similarities and differences.

Question 4.
What is the classification suggested by Woese et al?
Answer:

• Woese et al classified organisms into three groups namely Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya.
• Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
• The cell walls of Bacteria contain a fat like chemical peptidoglycan.
• Eukarya have Eukaryotic cells.
• All cells came from a common ancester cell called Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA).
• These LUCA eventually evolved into three domains namely Archaea, Bacteria, and – Eukarya.

Question 5.
What is the Hierarchy of classification?
Answer:

• Ernest Haeckel (1894), Robert Whittaker (1959) and Carl Woese (1977) have tried to classify all living organisms into broad categories called kingdoms.
• The classification of Whittaker proposed five kingdoms.
• These five kingdoms are formed on the basis of their cell structure, mode and source of nutrition and body organisation.
• Further classification is done by naming the sub groups at various levels as given in the following scheme.
  
• Thus, by separating organisms on the basis of hierarchy of characteristics into smaller and smaller groups. We arrive at the basic unit of classification on which is a species.
• A species includes all organisms that are similar in structure enough to breed and perpetuate.

Question 6.
What are the characteristic features of Monera? Give examples.
Answer:

• Organisms are unicellular; Prokaryotic.
• Reproduce by splitting into two.
• Absorb nutrients from outside their bodies.
• They move with the help of locomotory organs like Flagella, Cilia or hair like struc¬tures present on them.
• Some monerans cause diseases, but others are helpful to people Ex : Bacteria.

Question 7.
What are the salient features of protista?
Answer:

• Most of them are unicellular, some may have many cells.
• Cells have a membrane around the nucleus.
• Some get nutrients and energy by eating other organisms and some get energy from Sun and water around them.
• They live either solitary or in a colony and some have cell organells present inside the cell.
• Most of the protists reproduce by splitting in two examples are paramecium, amoeba, algae, kelp etc.

Question 8.
What are the characteristic features of Fungi?
Answer:

• Most of fungi are multicellular and some are unicellular.
• Eukaryotes with well defined prominent head.
• Get nutrients and energy by absorbing/ digesting the surface they live on through root like structures.
• Fungi reproduce by spore. Ex : Yeast, Mushrooms, Breadmoulds, and Lichens.

Question 9.
What are the characteristic features of porifera?
Answer:

• The word porifera means organisms with holes.
• These are non motile animals attached to some solid support.
• There are holes or pores all over the body.
• Pores lead to a canal system which circulate water throughout the body.
• These animals are covered with a hard outside layer or skeleton.
• They are commonly called sponges and found in marine habitats.
  Examples : Euplectelea, Sycon, Spongilla.

Question 10.
Write a flow chart for plant kingdom.
Answer:

Question 11.
What are the characteristic features of Platyhelminthes?
Answer:

• The body is bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
• There is some degree of tissue formation.
• There is no true internal body cavity or coelom.
• The body is flattend dorsiventrally, that is why these animals are called flat worms.
• They are either free living or parasitic.
• Examples of free living are planarians and parasitic animals like liver flukes and tape worms.

Question 12.
What are the salient features of Phylum Annelida. Give examples.
Answer:

• Annelid animals are bilaterally symmetrical, segmented, triploblastic and coelomate.
• There is extensive organ differentiation in a segmental fashion with the segments lined up one after the other from head to tail.
• These animals are found in fresh water, marine water as well as land.
  Examples : Earthworms and Leeches.

Question 13.
What are the characteristic features of Arthropods? Give examples.
Answer:

• Arthropoda is the largest group of animals.
• These animals are bilaterally symmetrical and segmented.
• Open type of circulatory system is present. The coelomic cavity is filled with blood.
• They have jointed legs.
• Examples are prawns, butterflies, cockroaches houseflies, spiders, scorpions and crabs.

Question 14.
What are the characteristic features of Echinodermata? Give examples.
Answer:

• Echinoderms are spiny skinned organisms.
• They are exclusively free living marine animals.
• They are triploblastic and have a coelomic cavity.
• They also have a peculiar water driven tube system for moving around.
• Echinoderms have hard calcium carbonate structures that they use as a skeleton. Examples are starfish and sea urchines.

Question 15.
What are the salient features of protochordata?
Answer:

• Protochordates are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, and have a coelom.
• Notochord present at some stages during their lives.
• The notochord is a long rod like support struc¬ture that runs along the back of the animal separating the nervous tissue from the gut.
• Notochord provides a place for muscles to attach for ease of movement.
• Protochordates are marine animals.
  Examples : Balanoglossus, Herdmania and Amphioxus.

Question 16.
What are the characteristic features of fishes?
Answer:

• Fishes have fins and tails. Aquatic vertebrates.
• Skin is generally covered with scales.
• They are cold blooded animals.
• Fishes breath with gills.
• They lay eggs in the water.
• Two chambered heart is present.
• First vertebrates to have vertebral column.

Question 17.
What are the characteristic features of Amphibians?
Answer:

• Young live in water but adults live on land.
• Skin lacks scales and is smooth and slimy.
• They lay eggs in water and cold blooded animals.
• First vertebrates can live both in water and land.
• They have three chambered heart.
• They lack claws on their toes.
• Hibernate during winter and aestivate during summer.
  Eg : Frogs, Toads, Salamanders.

Question 18.
What are the characteristic features of reptiles? Give examples.
Answer:

• The skin is dry and covered with scales.
• They are cold blooded animals.
• Most of them have three chambered heart but crocodile have four heart chambers.
• They are egg laying animals.
• Crocodiles have claws on their toes.
  Eg. : Crocodiles, Aligators, Snakes. Lizards.

Question 19.
What are the characteristic features of mammals? Give examples.
Answer:

• Skin covered by hair/fur.
• Feed babies with milk.
• Most of them have sweat glands and mammary glands.
• Different types of teeth are present.
• They give birth to fully formed young ones.
  Eg : Bats, Monkeys, Humans, Kangaroos etc.

Question 20.
Write the differences between non-chordata and chordata.
Answer:

Question 21.
Draw a labelled diagram of bacteria. Add a note on its characteristics.
Answer:

Characteristics of bacteria :
a) One celled organism
b) No membrane bound nucleus
c) Reproduce by binary fission
d) Locomotion is by Flagella
e) Nutrition is by absorption

Question 22.
Identify the phylum for the following characteristics given.
a) Organisms with joint appendages
b) Hollow bones and stream lined body
c) Gills in larva, lungs in most adults, slimy skin
d) Exoskeleton of hair, external ears, mostly giving birth to live young.
Answer:
a) Arthropoda
b) Aves
c) Amphibian
d) Mammals

Question 23.
Fill up the flow chart.

Answer:

9th Class Biology 5th Lesson Diversity in Living Organism Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why there is a need for classification of organisms?
Answer:

• Classification gives a better knowledge and understanding of organisms under study.
• It helps to study the organisms in a proper and systematic manner.
• It helps to make comparison in an easier way.
• It helps in understanding the relationship among the organisms and their interdependence.
• Classification makes our study more focussed and helps us to handle huge population of organisms.
• It gives us an idea about evolution.

Question 2.
Hasith went for an educational trip and collected some plants and animals. He is preparing a report on “Different organisms an** their Habitat’. Help him in the grouping of organisms by completing the table below.

Answer:

Question 3.
Complete the following flow chart and answer the questions.

i) In which group of non-flowering plants, true roots and leaves are present?
ii) In which groups of plants seeds are enclosed in fruit?
Answer:
i) A – Flowering plants
B – Pteredophyta
C – Gymnosperms
D – Dicot plants

ii) a) Pteredophyta
b) Angiosperm

Question 4.
Write any four doubts in the classification of organisms.
Answer:

• What is the basis of classification?
• Why should we consider evolution in classification of animals and plants?
• How should we classify the organisms of the same species basing on their variations?
• How should we classify the organisms scientifically?

Question 5.
Draw a dicot plant and label it.
Answer:
Parts :

1. Tap root system (Root)
2. Two cotyledons (Fruit)
3. Reticulate venation (Leaf)

Question 6.
To which kingdom do Amoeba, Euglena, Paramoecium belongs to? Why?
Answer:
Amoeba, Euglena and Paramoecium belong to Protista kingdom.
Characters :

1. Mostly they are unicellular organisms.
2. Cells have a membrane around the nucleus.
3. They live either solitary or in a colony.
4. Most reproduce by splitting in two (binary fission).

Question 7.
Observe the table and answer the following characteristics of vertebrates.

1) Which animals respire through lungs? Give examples.
2) Distinguish between warm blooded and cold blooded animals.
3) Where do we find first limbs in the animals?
4) Write the characteristic features of reptiles.
Answer:
1) Frog, Snake, Pigeon

2) Cold blooded animals change their body temperature according to their surroundings.
Ex : Fish, Frog, Snake. Warm blooded animals do not change their body temperature according to their surroundings.
Ex : Birds and mammals.

3) Amphibians

4) a) Ail are warm blooded animals.
b) They have 4 chambered heart.
c) They respire through lungs.
d) They give birth to fully developed young ones. They feed their babies with milk.

Question 8.
According to the following information answer the following questions.
Answer:

1) On what basis the plants are classified?
2) How do we call the plants that seeds are in fruits?
3) To which plants early root system were formed.
4) Give some examples to monocots.
Answer:

1. Basing on flowering/non-flowering and seed bearing/non-seed bearing.
2. Angiosperm plants
3. Pteredophyta
4. Paddy, Wheat

Question 9.
You have observed various characteristics of plants in your school, such as venation, root system and cotyledons, tabulate the details based in observations.

Answer:

Question 10.
Read the following paragraph and answer the given question.
Classification helps us in exploring the diversity of life forms. It is the systematic study of organisms present in nature. Initially the living organisms were classified into two kingdoms, then three kingdoms and then overtime into 5 and 6 kingdoms by different biologists as shown in the table below.

i) What is classification?
ii) What is the use of classification?
iii) Who divided living organisms into five kingdoms?
vi) What are the first two divisions of Cavalier Smith classification?
Answer:
i) Classification is the division of organisms in groups basing on their similarities and diversities.
ii) Classification enables study of organisms in a systematic and easy manner and to understand the concept of evolution
iii) Whittekar
iv) Bacteria and protozoa.

Question 11.
Observe the above pictures and answer the questions.

i) Shown here is a mango. What type of plant is a mango tree depending upon the number of cotyledons?
ii) To which phylum does the star fish belong?
iii) Name the unicellular organisms in the above picture.
iv) What are structures at the lower surface of the fern leaves?
Answer:
i) Dicotyledons
ii) Echinodermata
iii) Amoeba, Paramoecium, Euglena are Unicellular organisms in the above pictures.
iv) Sori

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Biology Important Questions Chapter 9 Adaptations in Different Ecosystems.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Biology Important Questions 9th Lesson Adaptations in Different Ecosystems

9th Class Biology 9th Lesson Adaptations in Different Ecosystems 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give the names of fresh water reservoirs and lakes in our state.
Answer:
Kolleru Lake of Krishna District is fresh water lake in our state.

Question 2.
What is adaptation?
Answer:
Way and means that organisms adapt or develop over a certain period of time in different conditions for better survival are adaptations of organisms.

Question 3.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
The loss of water vapour from plants, especially through stomata is called transpiration.

Question 4.
Name the oceanic zone that is most productive.
Answer:
Euphotic zone.

Question 5.
Give some examples of aquatic habitats.
Answer:
Rivers, ponds, lakes, oceans, seas and swamps.

Question 6.
Give some examples of terrestrial habitats.
Answer:
Grasslands, forests, deserts, mountain regions and coastal regions.

Question 7.
What are nocturnal animals?
Answer:
Animals which are active during night and sle^p during the day are called nocturnal animals.

Question 8.
What are xerophytes?
Answer:
Plants which live in deserts are called xerophytes.

Question 9.
What are the three zones of marine ecosystem?
Answer:
a) Euphotic zone
b) Bathyl zone
c) Abyssal zone

Question 10.
What will affect adaptations to marine life other than the conditions mentioned above?
Answer:
Temperature, pressure, salinity, etc. effect adaptations to marine life.

Question 11.
What happens to the temperature and pressure as depth increases?
Answer:
When the depth increases, the pressure increases and temperature decreases.

Question 12.
Which zone has more animals?
Answer:
Euphotic zone has more animals. This is because here light is available. So, planktons and plants are available here. Animals can survive here by getting food and other basic needs.

Question 13.
What are the factors which effect the availability of organisms?
Answer:
The factors like light, salt content, food, oxygen effect the organisms and their populations in different ways.

Question 14.
What are the types of aquatic ecosystems? Give examples.
Answer:
Fresh water ecosystem and marine water ecosystem.

Question 15.
What is the use of adaptations?
Answer:
Adaptations provide some improvement for better survival.

Question 16.
Do all animals living in desert conditions show adaptations?
Answer:
Yes, all animals living in deserts show adaptations.

Question 17.
Which zone do you think when compared to marine ecosystem is absent in fresh water ecosystem?
Answer:
Abyssal zone is absent in fresh water ecosystem.

9th Class Biology 9th Lesson Adaptations in Different Ecosystems 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the different types of aquatic ecosystem? Give examples.
Answer:

• Aquatic ecosystems are mainly classified into two different types as fresh water and marine ecosystems.
• Ponds, lakes, rivers are the examples of fresh water ecosystem.
• Seas, Oceans are the examples of marine ecosystem.

Question 2.
Write a brief note on nocturnal animals.
Answer:

• Animals which are active during night and sleep during the day are called nocturnals.
• These creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing and smell.
• They have specially adapted eye sight to see well in dark.
• Animals like bats, emit a high pitched sound which bounses off objects to find prey or protect from predators. E.g.: Cats, rats, bats, owls, insects like crickets, firefly and cattle fish.

Question 3.
Write a short note on electric eel.
Answer:

• Electric eel is an electric fish.
• It is capable of generating power electric shocks of upto 600 volts, when it uses for hunting self defence.
• It is an apex predator.
• Despite its name, it is not an eel, but rather a knife fish.

Question 4.
The aquatic ecosystem of coringa mangrove region would be less saltier than the bay. Do you agree to this? Why, why not?
Answer:

• Yes, I agree that the aquatic ecosystem of coringa mangrove region would be less saltier than the bay.
• Because aquatic ecosystem of coringa mangrove region receive fresh water from Coringa and Gaderu rivers.
• Distributories of Gautami, Godavari river and number of small rivers and canal transverse this mangrove ecosystem.
• Hence Coringa mangrove region would be less saltier than bay.

Question 5.
What is symbiosis? Give one example.
Answer:
Symbiosis is close and often long term interaction between two or more different biological species. Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ecosymbiosis) and where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis)

Question 6.
What is hibernation?
Answer:
Hybernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms. Hibernation refers to a season of heterothermy that is characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate and low metabolic rate.

Question 7.
What is bioluminescence?
Answer:
Emission of visible light by living organisms such as the firefly and various fish, fungi, and bacteria.

Question 8.
What is ecosystem?
Answer:
The term ecosystem refers to the combined physical and biological components of an environment.

Question 9.
To know more information about ecosystem, what questions do you ask to you teacher?
Answer:

• What are the biotic and abiotic factors of the ecosystem?
• List out different ecosystems related to man in this biosphere.
• Can we conserve this biosphere by saving ecosystems?
• What is the relationship between man and ecosystem?

9th Class Biology 9th Lesson Adaptations in Different Ecosystems 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the general aquatic adaptation in animals and plants?
Answer:

• General aquatic adaptations are presence of some special air spaces inside bodies or presence of such substances that help organisms to swim and float in water.
• Organisms bear specialized structures to swim like flippers as in turtles and fins in fishes.
• Fishes, dolphins etc. have floaters in their body to be able to inhabit particular levels in the water body.
• Microscopic photosynthetic organisms like planktons have droplets of oil in their cells that keeps them float.
• Larger plants have tough leaves and flexible stems.

Question 2.
Write some of the adaptations seen in marine animals.
Answer:

• Specially developed kidneys, gills and body functions help to maintain salt concentrations across membranes through osmosis.
• Simple animals such as anemones or worms absorb the gases through their skin.
• Mobile animals use gills, or even lungs to absorb oxygen from the water and air.
• Many marine mammals have blubber for insulation from the cold and some fish have an antifreeze-like substance in their blood to keep it flowing.
• Marine adaptations also include symbiosis, camouflage, defensive behaviour, re-productive strategies, contact and communication like most other ecosystems on the earth.
• Marine organisms show adaptations to environmental conditions like pressure, temperature, light and salinity.

Question 3.
Write different zones in marine ecosystem, abiotic characteristics and type of organisms present.
Answer:

Question 4.
Write adaptations in some aquatic plants.
Answer:

• Partially submerged plants have numerous air spaces inside the stems, leaves, roots that aid in gaseous exchange and buoyancy.
• Leaf bases of water hyacinth (eichhornia crossipes) form air filled structures to keep them afloat.
• In water lilies leaves are flat, have an oily surface with stomata present on the up¬per surface of the leaf.
• While incompletely submerged plants like hydrilla, stomata are absent, leaves are thin, stems are highly flexible.

Question 5.
What are the adaptations seen in hydrilla plant?
Answer:

• In hydrilla stomata are absent, leaves are thin, stems are highly flexible.
• It can grow at low light intensities.
• It is better at absorbing carbon dioxide from the water.
• It is able to store nutrients for later use.
• It can tolerate a wide range of water quality conditions, for example, salinity.
• Hydrilla can propagate sexually and asexually.

Question 6.
Write a brief note on lichens.
Answer:

• The figure shows the successful adaptation of algae and fungi colonies.
• The more adaptive fb’rms live on to form symbiotic relationship with the fungi in colo-nies called lichens.
• The fungus provides water and minerals to the algae, while the algae performs photo-synthesis and supplies food in the form of sugars to the fungus.
• Due to such symbiotic adaptations lichens are able to survive even in extreme cold conditions.

Question 7.
Write about the research done by Charles Darwin on finches in Galapagos islands.
Answer:

• Charles Darwin in the year 1885 landed from the famous ship H.M.S. Beagle on one of the islands of around 120 small islands of the group of Galapagos islands.
• He studied about different organisms of the islands.
• His most remarkable observation had been about finches (our state bird is also a finch).
• He was amazed to see that 13 types of finches that differed with respect to beaks and the colour of feather.
• He noted that some finches eat seeds, while some eat fruits and the others eat insects.
• Darwin observed that these birds had adapted to their immediate surrounding for food and shelter and showed a lot of variation with respect to the form of beaks.
• Charles Darwin concluded that adaptation was something that an organism is undergoing continuously, even within very close by related forms in a particularly geographically separated area.

Question 8.
What are the adaptations seen in animals living in polar regions?
Answer:

• Animals living in polar regions adapt themselves in different ways.
• They have a thick layer of fat deposited under their skin, or thick fur coat or hair covering their bodies.
• These act as insulators preventing heat loss from their bodies.
• The fat not only insulates the body but helps in producing heat and energy.
• Such adaptations can be seen in whales, seals, bears etc.

Question 9.
Write about symbiosis and camouflage.
Answer:
Symbiosis:

1. When two organisms live together, exchange nutrients and are benefited mutually, the nutrition is called symbiotic nutrition.
2. One of the organisms provide nutrients required for the other organism while the other provides shelter or nutrients or both.
3. Symbiotic mode of nutrition is seen both plants and animals.
4. Nitrogen fixing bacteria living in the root nodules of leguminous plants is a typical example for symbiotic nutrition.
5. Plants provide shelter and nutrients to the bacteria while bacteria provide nitrogen compounds to the plant.
6. In animals brightly coloured clownfish have adapted symbiotic relationship with anemones to protect both the clownfish and the anemones from predators.

Camouflage :

1. A colour or shape in an animals body covering that helps it bend to its environment.
2. Usually, animals adapt camouflage to escape from the predator.
3. It also help the animal in better survival.

Question 10.
How is the coringa ecosystem different from the marine ecosystem you studied?
Answer:

• Coringa ecosystem is the second largest in the country after sunderbans in West Bengal.
• The coringa mangrove situated at a distance of 20 km from Kakinada is famous for its flora and fauna.
• The mangrove plants have adapted themselves to the environment in which it grows.
• The mangrove ecosystem also has a heavy growth of shrubs and herbs.
• Numerous species of salt-tolerant species constitutes its flora which includes tropi¬cal and subtropical species such as Rhizoporo, Avicinia, Sonnerata Aegiceros and others.
• Whenever conditions favour, the mangroves may form extensive and productive forests in the sheltered coastal lines.
• The mangroves contain a highly specialised community of plants associated with animal species which are not capable of surviving in any other situations.
• Mangroves are salt-tolerant forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Question 11.
Crocodile, alligator are both the same. Actually, they are not similar. Do you find any differences between them? What are they?
Answer:
Differences between Crocodile and Alligator :

9th Class Biology 9th Lesson Adaptations in Different Ecosystems Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the passage to answer the questions given below.

A) Which desert organism never drinks water?
B) How Golden Mole escapes the heat of sun?
C) From where does Sand grouse get water?
D) Why Side Winder adder snake crawls sideways?
Answer:
A) The Kangaroo rat.
B) The Golden mole escapes the heat of the sun by swimming through the sand just below the surface.
C) Oasis.
D) The Side – Winder snake make crawls sideways with only a small amount of its body pressed against the hot sand. This technique helps it to keep itself cool.

Question 2.
Observe the table and answer the questions given below.

Write adaptation seen in the above animals.
Answer:

• Kangaroo rat can live without drinking water throughout its life. Because its body synthesizes little water in the process of digestion.
• Sand grouse flies long distances to an Oasis in search of water which it carries back in its crop for its nestlings.

Question 3.
Explain the difficult types of modifications in plants that grow in Deserts?
Answer:
Adaptations in desert plants.

1. Leaves are reduced to spines so that there is little transpiration loss and water is stored in the tissues of the stem.
2. They have deep root system.
3. They store water in stems, (succulent stems)
4. Xerophytes have thick cuticle to prevent water loss.
5. They have high salt content to increase osmosis.
6. Stomata are reduced in number to prevent water loss.

Question 4.
Read the table and answer the following questions.

a) Basing upon what does this ecosystem divided into?
b) What is the range of depth in Euphotic zone?
c) Name the zone that lies between the depths of 200 m – 2000 m.
d) What adaptations do the organisms in abyssal zone contain?
Answer:
a) Basing on the availability of light in different zones of ocean.
b) 0 – 200 mts.
c) Bathyal zone.
d) They are mostly predators and scavengers. They have some special structures to produce light on their bellies and around their eyes, which are non-functional.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Biology Important Questions Chapter 8 Challenges in Improving Agricultural Products.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Biology Important Questions 8th Lesson Challenges in Improving Agricultural Products

9th Class Biology 8th Lesson Challenges in Improving Agricultural Products 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the three types of methods to get high yield?
Answer:

• Improving high yielding varieties.
• Using high yield management methods.
• Crop protection management.

Question 2.
What are macro nutrients? Give examples.
Answer:
Minerals that required by plants in larger quantities are called macronutrients.
E.g.: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sodium.

Question 3.
What are micronutrients? Give examples.
Answer:
Minerals required in small quantities are called micro nutrients.
E.g.: Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Chlorine, etc.

Question 4.
What is the major difference between short term varieties and long term varieties?
Answer:
Short term varieties produce grains more than long term varieties.

Question 5.
Give Examples of chemical fertilizers.
Answer:
NPK, Urea and Superphosphate are the examples of chemical fertilizers.

Question 6.
What is a vermi compost?
Answer:
It is the product or process of composting using worms usually earthworms is called vermi compost.

Question 7.
What is Kharif crop? Give two examples.
Answer:
Cultivation and harvesting of any domesticated plant sown in the rainy season.
Ex : Paddy, sugarcane, maize, etc.

Question 8.
What is Rabi crop? Give two examples.
Answer:
Agricultural crops sown in winter and harvested in the summer season.
Ex : Wheat, barley, sesame, etc.

Question 9.
What are mixed crops? What is the advantage of growing mixed crops?
Answer:
If more than one crop is cultivated in the same field then it is called mixed crop. Because of mixed crop cultivation, the soil becomes fertile.

Question 10.
Give a list of green manure crops.
Answer:
Crops which are grown in field and can be ploughed back into the soil for soil fertility are called green manure crops.
Ex : Sanhemp, Lobia, Green gram, Kulthi, Berseem.

Question 11.
Write two uses of biofertilizers?
Answer:

• Biofertilizers are useful to maintain soil health and productivity.
• They synthesize nutrients from environment and soil.

Question 12.
What is the benefit of crop rotation?
Answer:
Crop rotation help the farmer by adding nutrients in the place of lost nutrients.

Question 13.
What is hybridization?
Answer:
Hybridization is a process to yield high yielding variety of crops.

Question 14.
What is GMS?
Answer:
Genetically Modified Seeds are called GMS.

Question 15.
What is NPK?
Answer:
NPK is the chemical proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash. These are partially or completely synthetic in origin.

Question 16.
What are weeds?
Answer:
Unwanted plants which are grown in the crop field along with cultivated crop.

Question 17.
What are insecticides? Give one example.
Answer:
These are the poisonous chemical substances which destroy the insects in the crop field. These are sprayed on the insect affected crops.

9th Class Biology 8th Lesson Challenges in Improving Agricultural Products 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the factors that cause increase in production of crop?
Answer:

• Production of crop depends on several factors.
• Only when there is a proper combination of several factors, the production can increase.
• Some of these factors include the kind of seeds planted, the properties of the soil, the availability and proper application of irrigation and fertilisers, the weather, con¬trolling insect attacks, the growth of seeds, and soon.

Question 2.
How to increase the food production?
Answer:

• Increasing the area of cultivated land.
• Increasing production in the existing land.
• Developing high yielding varieties.
• Alternative crops.
• Mixed crops.
• Cultivating short term crops like Rabi.

Question 3.
What is drip irrigation? What is its use?
Answer:

• Drip irrigation is a good practise in agriculture to prevent water wastage.
• In drip irrigation, water is supplied through small pipes.
• These pipes have small holes through which water passes drop by drop.
• Drip irrigation prevents wastage of water.

Question 4.
What is crop rotation? What is the benefit of crop rotation?
Answer:

• Crop rotation is the process in which one crop is followed by another crop on an agricultural field.
• When cereals are cultivated, more nutrients are utilised.
• If legumes are grown in the soil, less nutrients are utilised.
• Not only this, they synthesize some nutrients in the soil.

Question 5.
What is mixed crop? What are its uses?
Answer:
If more than one crop is cultivated in the same field then it is called mixed crop.
Uses:

1. Because of mixed crop cultivation the soil becomes fertile.
2. The nutrients which are used by one crop will be regained by cultivating another crop.
   E.g.: Soya grown along with Pea.
   Pea grown along with Green gram.
   Cotton grown along with Groundnut.

Question 6.
What are Green Manure Crops? Give examples.
Answer:

• Some crops are grown so that they can be ploughed back into the soil. They are known as Green manure crops.
• Some examples are berseem, kutthi, sunhemp, lobia, green gram, etc.

Question 7.
What are the functions of soil testing centre?
Answer:

• At these centres the soil technologist collects soil samples from fields and tests the fertility levels of soil.
• They give us knowledge about the soil.
• The testing centres are situated in division and district levels.

Question 8.
What is organic farming? What are its uses?
Answer:

• To maintain soil productivity organic farming came into existence.
• In this type of farming, farmers use natural manures and natural pest controlling methods and they also practise crop rotation and mixed crop systems.

Question 9.
What are the advantages of water shed management?
Answer:

• The water shed increases the moisture in the soil and prevents soil erosion as tree roots hold the soil firmly.
• When there are many trees close by as in a forest, all of them together hold large quantities of water.

Question 10.
Write briefly about hybridization.
Answer:

• By using hybridization methods the seeds with desired characters are developed.
• Biotechnologists develop hybrid varieties by crossing between two plants which have genetically different characters and they developing new variety with useful characters.
• The hybrid varieties that are produced by hybridization techniques are high yielding, disease-resistant can thrive on less rainfall, and will grow in acidic soils also.

Question 11.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Name the nutrient that is responsible for formation of new fruits and leaves.
2) Name the nutrient that is responsible for increase in the quality of smell, colour, and taste of fruits.
Answer:

1. Nitrogen
2. Potassium

Question 12.
Write the differences between mixed cropping and intercropping.
Answer:

Question 13.
What are the advantages of hybridisation?
Answer:

• Due to this, high yielding plants are produced.
• It makes varieties in disease resistant plants.

Question 14.
Write the differences between manure and Fertilizer.
Answer:

Question 15.
Write the uses of manures.
Answer:
Manures helps in

1. improvement of soil structure
2. increase in water holding capacity
3. soil enrichment with nutrients

Question 16.
Why is soil replenishment essential? State one natural method of soil replefiishment.
Answer:
By growing same crop year after year in the same soil, the soil shows depletion in certain nutrients. Cropping in this field year after year leads to drop in production of crops. Crop rotation and mixed cropping are very useful in soil replenishment.

Question 17.
What are the major group activities involved for improving of crop yields?
Answer:

•  Crop variety improvement programme
• Crop production improvement
• Crop protection improvement

Question 18.
How do deficiency of nutrients affect the crop?
Answer:
Deficiency of any nutrient affects physiological process in plants including reproduction, growth, and disease resistance.

Question 19.
What are the uses of crop rotation?
Answer:

• Improves fertility of the soil.
• It minimises the pest diseases.
• It controls weeds.
• It avoids depletion of a particular nutrient from soil.

Question 20.
The fields, in which legumes are grown, get enriched with nitrogen why?
Answer:
The roots of legumes have nodules on their roots which fix the atmospheric nitrogen due to which the land gets enriched with Nitrogen. Therefore, legumes are grown in a season alternating between cereal crops such as wheat and millet.

Question 21.
What is drip irrigation?
Answer:
Drip irrigation is a practice in agriculture to prevent water wastage. In this method, water is supplied through small pipes. These pipes have small holes where water pass through drop by drop.

Question 22.
Write some suggestions to improve food production.
Answer:
We should use

1. High yielding seed
2. Suitable irrigation system
3. By using fertilizers and pesticides in a prescribed way
4. Right time of sowing seeds.

9th Class Biology 8th Lesson Challenges in Improving Agricultural Products 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write a short note on organic manure.
Answer:

• The organic manure is produced by decaying the plant and animal wastes.
• The manure produced from decomposed plants and animal products has more organic material.
• This gives good nutrients to the soil. It makes the soil fertile.
• Because of humus, the natural manure, water holding capacity of soil is increased.
• Natural organic manures are generally divided into two types. One is concentrated organic manure and the other is macro organic manure.
• Groundnut, gingilli, castor, coconut, neem, jatropa seed powders are the examples of concentrated organic manures.
• Animal excreta, compost, deep hitter are the examples of macro organic manure.
• Nutrients are rich in the concentrated manures than in macro organic manures.
• Plant and animal residues in the field such as stalks and roots, cow dung, urine, etc as organic manure.

Question 2.
How is the natural manure Panchagavya is prepared?
(OR)
An Agricultural Officer who encourages Organic farming wants to demonstrate preparation of natural manure by using five main ingredients of cow products. Prepare a note on it as a lab record.
Answer:

• The main ingredients of Panchagavya are milk, curd, ghee, dung, and urine of cow.
• Mix cow dung and cow ghee.
• Settle it for four days. On the fifth day, add urine, milk, and curd of cow.
• Also add kallu, coconut water, and sugarcane juice to the mixture and then add banana paste.
• Settle it for ten days. Stir the material morning and evening.
• Then we will get panchagavya the only sprayer type of manure.
• 3% of panchagavya is helpful to grow crop with higher yielding.
• It is also used as food for hens and fish in ponds.

Question 3.
What are the uses of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium?
Answer:
Uses of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium :

Question 4.
What are bio-fertilizers? Give examples.
Answer:
Some microorganisms which are useful to synthesise nutrients from the environment or from soil to plants. These are called microbial cultures or bio-fertilizers.

Question 5.
How vermi compost is prepared?
Answer:

• Construct 10 × 1 × ½ metres vermi compost beds in sheds which protect these beds from direct sunlight and rain.
• Collect coconut, banana, and sugarcane leaves, coconut coir, and dry black gram plants.
• Made them into 3 to 4 inches layer. This layer was wet with water.
• Collect house hold waste of dry cattle dung from the village to fill the bed.
• After two weeks of making bed, they kept thousand earth worms per square meter and covered the bed with gunny bags to maintain 30/6 to 40/6 of moisture.
• After 60 days we can collect our first manure.
• Second time, we will get the manure within 40 to 45 days.
• Every year we get the manure 6 times from these beds.
• Thus, vermi compost is prepared.

Question 6.
How Green revolution has changed the life style of farmers in India?
Answer:

• By Green revolution, the production of crops has been increased tremendously.
• Agriculture has become an industry and provides new avenues for work and fulfilment. Ecological balance may occur by the product of the green revolution.
• The soil may become fertilizer dependent. Plants are more dependent on pesticides which affect soil fertility man and animal health.

9th Class Biology 8th Lesson Challenges in Improving Agricultural Products Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Absorption of salts by different crops (Units: Kg/Hectares/Season)

a) In which crop new leaves arise fast? Why?
b) In which crop roots do not penetrate deep into soil?
c) Which crop show more resistance to pests? Why?
d) From the above table, cultivation of which crop yields more to farmer?
Answer:

1. Sugarcane crop. Because it utilise nearly 90% of Nitrogen. Nitrogen is responsible for formation of new leaves.
2. Millet crops.
3. Sugarcane
4. Sugarcane

Question 2.
How do you appreciate the role of earthworms in helping farmers?
Answer:

• Earthworms are known as “friends of farmers”.
• Earthworms make the soil loose and enables it to aerate.
• They make the soil rich with organic fertilizers and reduce the farmer’s investment on chemical fertilizers.
• They also help the farmer in improving the crop productivity and soil quality.

Question 3.
If a farmer cultivating one type of crop then what happend?
Answer:

1. The crop productivity decreases.
2. Soil fertility gradually decreases.
3. Attack of pests on crops will increase.

Question 4.
Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions given below.
Generally farmers use synthetic pyrethroids like pesticides, insecticides to control pests on crops. Farmers are also using so many natural pest controlling techniques.
1. Which concept in agriculture explains the above information?
2. Name some synthetic pesticides and insecticides.
3. Distinguish between synthetic insecticides and natural insecticides.
4. Write about any two natural insect control methods.
Answer:

1. Crop protective methods.
2. D.A.P. super phosphate, D.D.T, Heptachlore.
3. Artificial pesticides are nothing but poisonous chemicals. They harm and kill the pests but also the useful friendly insects which are useful in pollination. Natural pesticides are the insects which feed on pests that destroy crops.
   Ex : Dragon fly, spiders, mirids, lady bird beetle.
4. a) By introducing “Bacillus thuringiensis” we can protect our crops,
   b) By adapting mixed crop cultivation we can reduce pests naturally.

Question 5.
The fields of Ramaiah and Somaiah are in the same area. Both cultivated the cotton crop. Ramaiah got good crop yield than Somaiah. Guess the reasons for low crop yield of Somaiah.
Answer:

• He selected high crop yield variety of cotton.
• He used better crop management methods for high yielding.
• He used better pest controlling method to get high crop yield.
• He used soil friendly fertilizers to get high yield of crop.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Biology Important Questions Chapter 4 Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Biology Important Questions 4th Lesson Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane

9th Class Biology 4th Lesson Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is exosmosis?
Answer:
The process in which water molecules leave the cell is called exosmosis.

Question 2.
What is endosmosis?
Answer:
The process in which water molecules enter the cell is called endosmosis.

Question 3.
Who are the scientists that removed salt from sea water and how?
Answer:
Freddie Mercury and David Bowie removed salt from sea water by using a semi permeable membrane by a process called desalination.

Question 4.
What happens if red blood cells are placed in distilled water?
Answer:
The red blood cells placed in hypotonic solution like distilled water the cells swell and burst.

Question 5.
What is the better food during a journey?
Answer:
The natural fruits with 80% to 90% water in them, not only quench our thirst but also reduce our hunger.

Question 6.
What is a saturated solution?
Answer:
The solution that cannot takeup more solute to dissolve is called a saturated solution.

Question 7.
Name the principle involved in dialysis and reverse osmosis.
Answer:
Osmosis

Question 8.
Name the principle involved in air freshners, mosquito repellents that are used in our daily life.
Answer:
Diffusion.

Question 9.
What is a hypotonic solution?
Answer:
If the medium surrounding the cells has a higher water concentration than the cell, the cell will gain water by osmosis. Such type of solution is called hypotonic solution.

Question 10.
What is isotonic solution?
Answer:
If the medium has exactly the same concentration as the cell there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane. Such solution is called isotonic solution.

Question 11.
What is hypertonic solution?
Answer:
If the medium has a lower water concentration, then the cell will loose water by osmosis. Such a solution is called hypertonic solution.

Question 12.
What is plasmolysis?
Answer:
When a living plant cell loses water through osmosis there is shrinkage or contraction of the contents of the cell away from the cell wall. This phenomenon is known as plasmolysis.

Question 13.
How do substances like CO₂ and water move in and out of the cell?
Answer:
CO₂ moves by diffusion and water moves by osmosis through cell membrane.

Question 14.
What will happen to the size of the cell if it is placed in hypotonic solution?
Answer:
When the cell is placed in hypotonic solution, water enters into the cell. Hence, the cell swell up.

Question 15.
What will happen to the size of the cell if it is placed in hypertonic solution?
Answer:
Water leaves from the cell when we keep the cell in the hypertonic solution. Hence the swell will shrink.

Question 16.
Why does the skin of your finger shrinks when you wash your clothes for a long time?
Answer:
A soap solution is a hypertonic solution. So, water moves out of your fingers by osmosis.

Question 17.
A person takes concentrated solution of salt. After sometime, he starts vomiting. What is the phenomenon responsible for such solution?
Answer:
Exosmosis in intestine causes dehydration.

Question 18.
When you are cooking vegetables generally you add salt to vegetables during cooking. After adding salt, vegetables release water. What mechanism is responsible for this?
Answer:
Exosmosis is responsible for the above mechanism.

9th Class Biology 4th Lesson Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is reverse osmosis ? What are its applications?
Answer:
1) When heavy pressure is applied on salt solution which is separated from fresh water with semipermeable membrane, the water moves from salt solution into fresh water leaving the salt behind.
2) This process is known as reverse osmosis.

Application :
Home reverse osmosis machines are available in the market, which filter salt water through three membranes.

Question 2.
What is diffusion? Give example.
Answer:
The process by which some materials when kept in a medium like air and water spread equally throughout it, it is called diffusion.

Example :
If a bottle of scent is opened in one corner of a room, the smell spreads in the entire room due to the diffusion of scent molecules.

Question 3.
What is Graham’s law?
Answer:

• Thomas Graham, Scottish physical chemist, worked on diffusion of gases.
• He had infered that a more soluble substance in a medium diffuse faster than a less soluble substance.
• This is popularly known as Graham’s law.

Question 4.
What is dialysis? Who constructed dialysis machine? The machine works on which principle?
Answer:

• Dialysis is the artificial method of removal of wastes from the blood.
• Dr. William Kolff a Dutch physician in the year 1947 constructed dialysis machine.
• Dialysis machine works on principle of diffusion and filtration across a semi permeable membrane.

Question 5.
Why did we feel thirstier, after eating 50 gms of potato chips in journey?
Answer:

• After eating foods preserved like potato chips we feel thirstier because water is drawn from the body into the digestive system to maintain water balance.
• So we have to drink more water after eating salty food.

Question 6.
Why does CO₂ can not enter the cell?
Answer:

• This is due to diffusion of CO₂ from the cell into the blood through semipermeable membrane or cell membrane.
• Due to respiration concentration of CO₂ increases in the cell than outside.
• Hence CO₂ diffuses out.

Question 7.
Water enters the root cells from the soil, why? Name the process involved in this.
Answer:
Water enters the plant through root hairs, because the concentration of water in the soil arounds the roots is higher than that inside the root epidermis. This process is called osmosis.

Question 8.
Why do dry apricots placed in salt solution do not swell while they do so when kept in water?
Answer:
Dry apricots swell up in water because their cells have a high osmotic concentration which causes passage of water into them. They do not swell up when placed in salt solution because the external solution is hypertonic.

Question 9.
What happens if plasma membrane ruptures or breaks?
Answer:
If the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down, the following may happen.
a) The cell will lose its shape.

b) Since plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
If it breaks all the useful substances also move out of the cell, all the metabolic activities of the cell will get effected and the cell may die.

Question 10.
What happens to the dry raisins when we put them in plain water for sometime? What happens if these raisins are now placed in concentrated solution?
Answer:
i) When we put dry raisins in plain water, they gain water and the size of dry raisins will increase.
ii) When these swollen raisins are placed in concentrated salt solution, these loose water and shrink.

9th Class Biology 4th Lesson Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the differences between diffusion and osmosis?
Answer:

Question 2.
What is osmosis? Explain with example.
Answer:
The flow of water from a region of dilute solution to a more concentrated one through a semipermeable membrane.
Eg : Osmosis with kishmish / raisin.

1. Dried kishmish are put in pure water and left for some time. Then these kishmish are placed in concentrated solution of sugar or salt.
2. It is proved experimentally that kishmish gains water and swells and when placed in concentrated solution the kishmish loose water and shrink.
3. In the above two situations water moved from low concentration to higher concen-tration due to osmosis.

Question 3.
What is cell membrane? What are its functions?
Answer:
The outermost, extremely delicate elastic membranous covering of the cell that separate its contents from the external environment is called plasma membrane.
Functions of plasma membrane :
1. Shape :
Plasma membrane provides a definite shape to semi-fluid contents of the cell.

2. Mechanical barrier :
It functions as mechanical barrier that protects the internal contents of the cell,

3. Selectively permeable :
Plasma membrane determines what substances are to be allowed entry or exit from the cell.

4. Endocytosis :
It helps the cell to engulf food and other substances from its external environment by endocytosis.

5. Recognition :
The recognition centres of plasma membrane help in tissue formation, distinction of foreign substances and defense against microbes.

6. Flow of information :
Plasma membrane provides flow of information amongst different cells of the same organism.

7. Osmosis :
Osmosis occurs due to presence of tiny water channels in the plasma membrane.

8. Cell continuity :
At places plasma membrane of adjacent cells become continuous to form plasmodesmata and cell junctions.

9. Specialization :
Plasma membrane gets modified to perform different functions.
E.g. : absorption in microvilli.

Question 4.
Importance of osmosis to living organisms.
Answer:

• Water enters into roots through osmosis.
• Water moves between the cells through osmosis.
• Osmosis helps in opening and closing of stomata.
• It bring about movement of water and minerals in certain plants.
• In our body waste materials are filtered from blood.
• In our body useful materials are absorbed along with water through osmosis.

Question 5.
Explain the process of reverse osmosis with a neat labelled diagram.
Answer:
When salt water is separated from fresh water through a semi-permeable membrane, the filteration can be achieved by applying high pressure on salt water. Due to this pressure water moves from salt solution into fresh water leaving the salt behind. This phenomenon is widely used nowadays in water purifiers to filter salt water.

9th Class Biology 4th Lesson Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What will happen if we keep deshelled raw egg in salt water?
Answer:
i) Salt water is more concentrated than egg Yolk.
ii) When raw de-shelled egg placed in salt water, water from egg comes out through egg membrane. This called exosmosis.
iii) Due to exosmosis, the size of the egg decreases.

Question 2.
i) Pour sugar solution in the potato cup upto a level as shown by the pin in the figure.
ii) Keep the potato cup in the bowl filled with water upto half the height of the potato cup.

Answer the following questions based on the above experiment
i) What is the aim of the experiment?
ii) What will be the observation in this experiment?
iii) If the potato cup is filled with water and the beaker is filled with sugar solution, what will be the observation?
iv) What is the difference between this experiment when compared with dried grapes (kishmish) kept in water?
Answer:
i) To prove osmosis in potato living cells.
ii) Sugar solution level rises in potato cup beyond the point where needle placed.
iii) Sugar solution level falls down in potato cup.
iv) In both experiments endosmosis is observed in the cells.

Question 3.
Latha dropped some crystals of KMnO₄ in a beaker of water and observing to know what happens. What is the phenomenon that occurs in the experiment?
Answer:
Diffusion

Question 4.
Read and complete the following table according to the given information.

Answer:

1. Selective permeability
2. Endocytosis
3. Osmosis
4. Diffusion

Question 5.
Observe the following substances and answer the following questions.

a) Which substances should go into the cell?
b) Which substances should go out the cell?
c) Which is useful to transport the substances into the cell?
d) What is use of osmosis?
Answer:
a) Oxygen, Glucose, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins.
b) Carbondioxide, Waste materials.
c) Plasma membrane.
d) Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane. It allows entry of useful certain materials exit of some unuseful substances while preventing passage to remaining substances.
It helps in keeping the ceil alive.

Question 6.
Observe the diagram answer the following questions.
a) Which chemical material is used to made a semi permeable membrane from an egg?
b) Which precautions do you take to make a semipermeable membrane?

Answer:
a) Dilute Hydrochloric Acid.
b) 1) Keep the raw eggs in dil HCl for 4 to 5 hours.
2) Wash the eggs under tap water.
3) Carefully pierce a pencil sized hole in the egg membrane and drain the contents.
4) Again wash the membrane with fresh water.

Question 7.
Two beakers, funnel, filter paper, retort stand, sugar, dye and wheat or rice flour and plastic bottle would be given to you. What experiment will you do with this? Write the procedure and precautions of that experiment.
Answer:

1. Arrange the filtering apparatus as shown in the figure.
2. Prepare wheat or rice powder solution in a beaker by adding one tea spoon of powder in 100 ml of water.
3. Add a drop of tincture iodine to the solution.
4. Now pour the solution into the funnel.
5. Filter paper allows water and dissolved rice powder to pass through it.
6. Filter paper does not allow the undissolved powder precipitate through it.

Precautions :

1. Ensure that the using filter paper should not have any damage or holes.
2. Stir the powder solution continuously, while pouring it slowly through filter paper.

Question 8.
What happens if cells are not permeable
Answer:
If cells are not permeable, they will not get the useful substances like minerals, water, nutrients and oxygen. Like this way, the waste products released during cellular activities will not be sent out. As a result the cell may die.

Question 9.
Rajesh conducted an experiment to know the movement of substances using potato and sugar solution.
a) What is the objective of Rajesh’s experiment?
b) Write the materials required by Rajesh to conduct this experiment.
c) Where does the level of solution increase?
d) What is your observation in this experiment?
Answer:
a) To observe osmosis
b) One raw potato, one boiled potato, two beakers, bowls, two pins, water, sharp knife.
c) Increase in the level of sugar solution in potato.
d) Water always moves towards the sugar solution the movement of water from less concentration to high concentration through a membrane is called osmosis.

Question 10.
Give some examples for process that occurs through permeable membrane that you observed in your daily life.
Answer:
Ex : 1. Water moves from one cell to another through osmosis.
Ex : 2. Movement of water from soil to roots.
Ex : 3. Waste materials in our blood are filtered.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Biology Important Questions Chapter 7 Animal Behaviour.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Biology Important Questions 7th Lesson Animal Behaviour

9th Class Biology 7th Lesson Animal Behaviour 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the expressions of animals to protect themselves from predators?
Answer:
Hissing of snakes, barking of dogs, stiffing of nailed hair of hedgehog (mullapandi), bad flavour from skin of tasmanian devil etc., are all the expressions to protect them¬selves from predators.

Question 2.
Why fish do not need to learn how to swim?
Answer:
Swimming is an instinct behaviour to fish. Hence they don’t need to learn how to swim.

Question 3.
How can butterfly get to know about nectar?
Answer:
Butterfly gets to know about the nectar instinctively.

Question 4.
Who does teach a bird to make a nest?
Answer:
There is no need to teach the bird to make it’s nest, because it is an instinct behaviour.

Question 5.
Give two examples of reflexes.
Answer:

• Kicking out when the doctor taps your knee with a small hammer.
• Sudden closing of eyes when a bright light is flashed on your face.

Question 6.
Give one example of imprinting from your surroundings.
Answer:
Salmon bird goes back to its home stream to spawn.

Question 7.
Give one example for conditioning.
Answer:
A tiger in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hop to receive a food treat.

Question 8.
Name the branch of zoology that deals with scientific and objective study of animal behaviour.
Answer:
Ethology.

Question 9.
Give one example for imprinting behaviour.
Answer:
Ducklings follow the first moving object they meet after hatching and treat it as their mother.

Question 10.
Give one example of instinctive behaviour.
Answer:
Building a nest by birds/climbing trees by monkeys/swimming of fish in a lake.

Question 11.
Name the scientist who studied animal behaviour – imprinting.
Answer:
Konard Lorenz.

Question 12.
What are the other behaviours we find in animals and give examples?
Answer:
Animals show the feelings like happiness, threat, fear, anger, sadness etc…..
Eg: After returning from fields in the evening cow licks its calf. It reflects it’s affection towards its body.

Question 13.
How Tasmanian Devil protects itself from enemies?
Answer:
By spraying bad odour through it’s body.

Question 14.
What is imitation?
Answer:
People often imitate each other. This can help them to learn new and useful skills. It may also lead them to certain unwanted behaviours like drinking, smoking etc…

Question 15.
How do cockroaches differentiate light and dark?
Answer:
Cockroaches have eyes that are adapted to sense the difference between daylight and dark. Their eyes have cells that perceive light.

Question 16.
What is a pheramone?
Answer:
It is secreted or excreted chemical that triggers a social response in the members of same species.
Eg : ants, honey bees…

Question 17.
What are primates?
Answer:
The group of mammals that includes humans and monkeys.

Question 18.
Name the animal on which Ivan Pavlov done his experiments.
Answer:
Dog.

Question 19.
Give two examples of conditioning.
Answer:

1. Electronic fence stop grazing animals straying.
2. Children come out of the classroom after hearing the school bell.

Question 20.
What is special about Beaver?
Answer:
Beaver is a mammal which lives in South America, builds dams across water streams. Stagnated water is the living home for Beavers family.

Question 21.
Give names of scientists of Ethology.
Answer:

1. Nikolas Tinbergen
2. Konard Lorenz
3. Karlvon Frisch

9th Class Biology 7th Lesson Animal Behaviour 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by animal behaviour? What it indicates?
Answer:

• Animal behaviour is the scientific study of the wild and wonderful ways in which animals interact with either, with other living beings and with the environment.
• It explores how animals relate to their physical environment as well as to other organisms.
• It also includes topics such as how animals find and defend resources, avoid predators, choose mates, reproduce and care for their young.

Question 2.
What are the uses and loses of imitation in human behaviour?
Answer:

• Imitation can help us learn something new and useful, such as new skill in lessons, sports or at work.
• Imitation also leads us to show less useful or harmful behaviour.
• For example, young people may start smoking, drinking alcohol or taking drugs as a result of copying each other to fit in.
• But it is very dangerous for our health.

Question 3.
How conditioning can be used to change the behaviour of people by advertisers?
Answer:

• Advertisers are very skilled in changing the behaviour of people.
• They use pictures of their products which make them look glamorous or exciting, often by using famous actors or sportspeople.
• By associating the product with attractive images the advertisers are trying to set up a conditioned response to their product.
• People will respond positively and buy the product.

Question 4.
Explain about tagging.
Answer:

• Like birds some other animals also migrate over large distances to find food or nesting sites.
• Animals can be tagged by attaching tracking devices to them.
• Tagging lets the scientists follow the journeys the animals make.

Question 5.
Write the process of hiding food by Scrubjay bird.
Answer:

• A bird called scrubjay hides its food.
• An experiment proved that a scrubjay had hidden its food in presence of another bird.
• After some time it was found that the other bird had stolen it by fixing a plan.

Question 6.
Write about a mammal Beaver, which lives in North America.
Answer:

• Beaver a mammal which lives in North America builds dams across water streams.
• Beaver cut big trees by its sharp teeth to fell the trees across the stream.
• Then the beaver constructed nearly four feet wall by using twigs, stones and mud.
• Stagnated water is the living home for beavers family.

Question 7.
Give two examples for reflexes.
Answer:

• Closing of the eyes when there is anything threatening the eye.
• The contraction of pupil when bright light enters eye.
• Withdrawing our hand when we touch hot objects.
• We sneeze when something enter our nose.
• We cough when we inhale dust etc.

Question 8.
How squirrels cheat others?
Answer:
Squirrels hide their food in an interesting way. They always behave in such a manner that somebody is trying to steal their food. In order to misguide others they dig holes in many places and heap leaves to cover them. Most of the holes do not contain food. In this way they cheat others by making believe that these holes contain food.

Question 9.
How beetle protects itself from enemies?
Answer:
Beetle (or) Bombardie Beetle has two chemicals hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide stored in it’s body. Whenever the beetle feels threatened these chemicals mix with some special enzymes and that heat up the liquids which gives bad smell from it’s body.

Question 10.
What are the amazing features of intelligence of Dolphins?
Answer:
Dolphins have great logical thinking power they could understand a code language if they are trained by practice. The trained dolphins bring ball from the tub and throw it again into the same tub. They remember the names by short whistle.

9th Class Biology 7th Lesson Animal Behaviour 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write about the experiment conducted by Ivan Pavlov on conditioning.
Answer:

• Ivan Pavlov (1849 to 1936) was a Russian Scientist who has investigated conditioning.
• He discovered that dogs produced extra saliva when they were offered food.
• Pavlov noticed that they also did the same when the person who fed them came into the room, even if the person had not brought any food.
• Pavlov went on to ring a bell at the start of feeding time, and eventually, the dogs produced extra saliva when they heard the bell, before any food was brought.
• A dog salivating when it hears a bell is not a natural response.
• They would not do this without being conditioned to do so.
• The behaviour has been learned. It is called a conditioned response.

Question 2.
Describe the process of hiding food by squirrel.
Answer:

• Squirrels hide their food in a fascinating way.
• They always behave in such a man¬ner that somebody is trying to steal their food.
• In order to misguide others they dig holes in many places and heap leaves, starch etc., to cover them.
• Sometimes most of the holes does not contain any food.
• In this way they cheat others to make believe that these holes contain food.

Question 3.
How wasp (bee) construct hive and how it collects food?
Answer:

• Wasp is an intelligent bee which builds its home keeping in view its future needs.
• Wasp builds its hive on the walls by using mud.
• They select suitable mud for constructing its hive.
• After constructing its hive they search for food.
• They collect food material by injecting its venom (usually other larva) and kept in it its hive.
• Wasp lay its eggs on the food material, which it used as food for larva of wasps.

Question 4.
Who experimentally proved that Dolphins have logical thinking power? Write about the experiments.
Answer:

• Hermon proved that Dolphins have great logical thinking power.
• Hermon studied four bottle nose Dolphins at Kavalo Basin mammal Laboratory of Hawai Islands.
• He named four Dolphins as Akkikomoi, Phoenix, Allen and Hippo.
• Hermon could understand by his study that Dolphins can remember their names and understand a code language if they are trained by practice.
• For example, the closed fist shows a tub, raised arms show a ball and one hand raised tells ‘bring here’.
• If we show the above actions in a sequence, the Dolphins would bring the ball from the tub, if we reverse the actions they throw the ball into the tub.
• If a Dolphin of particular whistle is called all the Dolphins stare at, while the par¬ticular one comes to us.

Question 5.
Describe the wonder behaviour of an African parrot Alex.
Answer:

• In 1977, Ervin Pepperberg brought a parrot and trained it.
• Slowly he made it learn more than 100 words.
• He then arranged the words in a such a way that Alex can frame its own sentences.
• After some days, he showed Alex one yellow bowl and another yellow dish and it recognised similarities and differences between them.
• Alex even tried to teach other parrots of its group.
• Alex called apple as ‘Bannery’ because it tastes like a banana and look like a big cherry. Naming in this way is a sign of creativity in language.
• Before Alex’s death, it could even learnt up to 7th table.

9th Class Biology 7th Lesson Animal Behaviour Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain behavioural adaptations of animals using two examples.
Answer:

• Nesting of birds, selecting mates, forming flocks for protection from enemies are some examples for behavioural adaptations in animals.
• Beaver, a mammal which lives in North America builds dams across water streams and catch the fish and feeds it’s family.

Question 2.
What are the ways to observe the behaviour of animals? Explain any one of them with suitable examples.
Answer:

• Scientists observe the animal behaviour either directly or indirectly.
• Behaviour can be investigated in the field or in the laboratory.
• Scientists spend many hours watching and studying the behaviour of animals. Animals can signal to each other. For example, they may call each other to warn danger. Some of the scientists record and study them to work out what the signals mean.
• Scientists use tagging method to observe bird and animal migration. Animals can be ‘tagged’ by attaching tracking devices to them. This lets scientists follow the journeys the animals make.

Question 3.
What is Tagging? How it is useful to scientists?
Answer:

• Scientists use tagging method to observe bird and animal migration.
• Animals can be “tagged” by attaching tracking devices to them.
• This lets the scientists to follow the journeys the animals make.

Question 4.

Observe the figure and answer the following questions.
1) In which chamber more cockroaches are there?
2) In which chamber less cockroaches are there?
3) What are the conditions of chamber that live more cockroaches?
4) How the behaviour of cockroaches?
Answer:

• Dark and damp conditions.
• Light and dry chamber.
• Damp and dark condition.
• Cockroaches searched for their favourite conditions and reached the dark damp chamber.

Question 5.
Observe the picture and answer the following.

a) What is the aim of the experiment?
b) Write about the behaviour of cockroaches.
c) Write down the differences of situation provided between two chambers having less and more cockroaches.
d) What will happen if you put rats instead of cockroaches in the above room?
Answer:
a) To study the behaviour of cockroaches.

b) Cockroaches selected their favourite conditioned chamber – dark and damp. In these conditions only cockroaches can survive.

c) The experimental box is divided into a choice of chamber with four different conditions. They are
a) light and dry
(b) light and humid
(c) dark and dry
(d) dark and humid.
Finally the cockroaches reached dark and humid chamber.

d) Rats also choose dark and damp chamber. Because darkness enable them to escape from predators and damp conditions make favour to maintain body temperature.

Question 6.
Suppose you were a quiz master for biology round in an event. Prepare some questions to ask about “Instinct” and “Imitation” in that event.
Answer:

• Birds fly in the sky – which type of animal behaviour is this?
• Ramu saw some ducklings following a hen. He was amazed to see this. Which type of animal behaviour is this?