Practice the AP 10th Class Social Bits with Answers Chapter 4 Climate of India on a regular basis so that you can attempt exams with utmost confidence.

AP State Syllabus 10th Class Social Bits 4th Lesson Climate of India with Answers

Question 1.
The rain that starts at the end of the summer season in Deccan Plateau are called ………………..
A) Guava showers
B) Panasa shower
C) Mango showers
D) Lemon showers
Answer:
C) Mango showers

Question 2.
The Lunar months Chaitra Vaishakha are equal to these English months.
A) May – June
B) June – July
C) April – May
D) March – April
Answer:
D) March – April

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 3.
The traditional Indian Season ‘Hemanta’ is related to these two months
A) January – February
B) September – October
C) November – December
D) March – April
Answer:
C) November – December

Question 4.
Which of the following statements is incorrect relating to upper air currents?
1) The climate of India is also affected by the movement of upper air currents know as jet streams.
2) An easterly jet stream develops at about 15°PN.
A) Both 1 and 2 are correct
B) Both 1 and 2 are incorrect
C) Only 1 is correct
D) Only 2 is correct
Answer:
C) Only 1 is correct

Question 5.
The period of retreating monsoons in India is …………………..
A) November – December
B) Mid May – Mid August
C) Mid June – Mid September
D) April – June
Answer:
A) November – December

Question 6.
Monsoon burst takes place in
A) Goa
B) Chennai
C) Kerala
D) Karnataka
Answer:
C) Kerala

Question 7.
Cyclones and depressions are common during ……………….
A) South – west monsoon season
B) Western Disturbances
C) North – east monsoon season
D) Jet Streams
Answer:
C) North – east monsoon season

Question 8.
Which of the following sentences is not correct?
A) Vegetation cover absorbs sun rays a lot
B) Icy regions reflect sun rays
C) Vegetation cover does not receive sun rays a lot
D) Compared to land, ocean gets heated / cooled slowly
Answer:
C) Vegetation cover does not receive sun rays a lot

Question 9.
Western distubances come from …………………..
A) Red Sea
B) Arabian Sea
C) Indian Ocean
D) Mediterranean Sea
Answer:
D) Mediterranean Sea

Question 10.
Which of the following place having equable climate?
i) Mumbai
ii) Delhi
iii) Chennai
iv) Hyderabad
A) i, ii
B) ii, iii
C) i, iii
D) iii, iv
Answer:
C) i, iii

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 11.
Which of the following is not a climatic control?
A) Latitude
B) Land-water relationship
C) Relief
D) Longitude
Answer:
D) Longitude

Question 12.
As we move away from the equator the temperature
A) remains same
B) increases
C) decreases
D) partly increases and then decreases
Answer:
C) decreases

Question 13.
Which of the following cities does not come under the effect of the sea?
A) Mumbai
B) Chennai
C) Nagpur
D) Visakhapatnam
Answer:
C) Nagpur

Question 14.
Among the following, this is not a hill station of the Himalayan region.
A) Gulmarg
B) Kodaikanal
C) Darjeeling
D) Nainital
Answer:
B) Kodaikanal

Question 15.
……………… affects the climate of Chennai.
A) Latitude
B) Upper air currents
C) Relief
D) Nearness to sea
Answer:
D) Nearness to sea

Question 16.
Which of the following crops is grown during rabi season?
A) Rice
B) Jowar
C) Wheat
D) All of these
Answer:
C) Wheat

Question 17.
The state of atmospheric conditions over an area at a particular time is known as ………………..
A) temperature
B) winds
C) humidity
D) weather
Answer:
D) weather

Question 18.
Under the frozen tundras of the far northern latitudes, scientists recently discovered a large volume of …………………
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Methane
Answer:
D) Methane

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 19
……………….. has/have cooler climate during the peak summer months
A) Nainital
B) Shimla
C) Gulmarg
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Question 20.
Wheat crop is generally cultivated in ………………….
A) Rabi
B) Kharif
C) Juyad
D) Autumn
Answer:
A) Rabi

Question 21.
The famous hill station ‘Udagamandalam’ is popularly known as ………………………
A) Simla
B) Ooty
C) Kashmir
D) Mount Abu
Answer:
B) Ooty

Question 22.
Where was the climatic changes summit (IPCC) held in 2013?
A) Moscow
B) Warsaw
C) Paris
D) London
Answer:
B) Warsaw

Question 23.
Identify the wrong statement.
A) If we go towards poles from equator, temperatures increase
B) South of Tropic of Cancer is in tropical region
C) Surface temperatures of earth depend on Insolation
D) Tropical regions are near the equator
Answer:
A) If we go towards poles from equator, temperatures increase

Question 24.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding Indian climate?
1) Indian lies in both tropical and temperate zones.
2) The climate of India is strongly influenced by the monsoon winds.
3) The bulk of the annual rainfall in India is received from south – west monsoon.
A) only 1 is true
B) 1 and 2 are true
C) 1 and 3 are true
D) all are true
Answer:
D) all are true

Question 25.
Sundarbans are in the state of …………………
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Odisha
C) West Bengal
D) Kerala
Answer:
C) West Bengal

Question 26.
As we move away from the equator towards the poles, the average annual temperature decreases; which factor influences in this case?
A) Relief
B) Land – water relationship
C) Latitude
D) Upper air circulation
Answer:
C) Latitude

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 27.
Which is not related to “Jet streams”?
A) movement of upper air currents
B) causes the neighbouring atomosphere to cool
C) fast flowing air current
D) part of North-East trade winds
Answer:
D) part of North-East trade winds

Question 28.
A climograph shows ………………
A) average monthly values of maximum temperature
B) average monthly values of minimum temperature
C) average monthly values of rainfall
D) all these above
Answer:
D) all these above

Question 29.
Find the incorrect set.
A) Vasanta – March to April
B) Grishma – May to June
C) Hemanta – January to February
D) Sharad – September to October
Answer:
C) Hemanta – January to February

Question 30.
Periodical changes of the direction of the winds is called ‘Monsoons’. This was named by the ……………………
A) English
B) French
C) Arabs
D) Dutch
Answer:
C) Arabs

Question 31.
An apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation is called
A) Coriolis force
B) Centrifugal force
C) Centripetal force
D) Jet stream
Answer:
A) Coriolis force

Question 32.
During retreating monsoon the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is known as ……………….
A) Mango showers
B) Jet streams
C) Western disturbances
D) October heat
Answer:
D) October heat

Question 33.
For which purpose, was IPCC organisation formed?
A) To reduce emissions of green – house gases.
B) To reduce the anthropogenic global warming
C) To slow down the process of climate change.
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Question 34.
We can show these climatic elements through climatographs
A) Height
B) Rainfall
C) Temperature
D) B and C
Answer:
D) B and C

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 35.
The elements of weather are ………………….
A) Rainfall
B) Temperature
C) Atmospheric pressure
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Question 36.
German word ‘Trade’ means
A) Commerce
B) Monsoon
C) Track
D) Jetstreams
Answer:
C) Track

Question 37.
…………….. divides India into nearly two equal halves
A) Tropic of Cancer
B) Tropic of Capricorn
C) Equator
D) North Pole
Answer:
A) Tropic of Cancer

Question 38.
………………. state gets most of the rainfall due to North – East monsoons
A) Karnataka
B) Kerala
C) Tamilnadu
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
C) Tamilnadu

Question 39.
“Track” means
A) The winds blowing steadily in the same direction
B) The water flowing in the same direction
C) The temperature increase in the’Same level
D) The regions have same temperature
Answer:
A) The winds blowing steadily in the same direction

Question 40.
India gets highest rainfall with the influence of………………
A) North-East monsoons
B) South-West monsoons
C) Local winds
D) All the above
Answer:
B) South-West monsoons

Question 41.
The region of South India does not show much difference in day and night temperatures, as well as, summer and winter temperature, because ……………………..
A) Being south of Tropic of Cancer
B) Being nearer to equator
C) Being a plateau
D) Having an extensive coastline
Answer:
D) Having an extensive coastline

Question 42.
Which of the following is hotter than remaining?
A) Regions near equator
B) Regions near poles
C) Regions far from equator
D) Temperate regions
Answer:
A) Regions near equator

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 43.
Find the incorrect set.
A) AGW – Anthropogenic Global Warming
B) Western Disturbances-Bay of Bengal
C) IPCC – Infer – governmental Panel on Climate Change
D) KMDA – Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
Answer:
B) Western Disturbances-Bay of Bengal

Question 44.
Monsoon arrives in India approximately in ………………….
A) Early January
B) Early June
C) Early March
D) Early October
Answer:
B) Early June

Question 45.
In which of the following places in India experiences very high diurnal range of temperature?
A) Kolkata
B) Mangalore
C) Bangalore
D) Western Rajasthan
Answer:
D) Western Rajasthan

Question 46.
Due to which of these winds does coramandel coast receive rainfall?
A) North – east monsoon winds
B) South – west monsoon winds
C) Westerly jet streams
D) South – easterly winds
Answer:
A) North – east monsoon winds

Question 47.
Match the following:
Column -I.

Column -I. Column -II
i) Trivendrum a) Is farther from equator and temperature would be lower in winter
ii) Gangtok b) Is closer to the equator but not close to the seas and has low rainfall
iii) Anantaputr c) Is closer to sea and climate has big impact of the seas.

A) (i) → a, (ii) → c, (iii) → b
B) (i) → c, (ii) → b, (iii) → a
C) (i) → c, (ii) → a, (iii) → b
D) (i) → a, (u) → b, (iii) → c
Answer:
C) (i) → c, (ii) → a, (iii) → b

Question 48.
Match the following:

i) Loo a) Coramandel Coast
ii) Mango Showers b) Andhra Pradesh
iii) Winter rainfall c) Dry and hot winds
iv) Upper air currents d) jet streams

A) (i) → d, (ii) → c, (iii) → b, (iv) → a
B) (i) → a, (ii) → b, (iii) → c, (iv) → d
C) (i) → b, (ii) → c, (iii) → a, (iv) → d
D) (i) c, (ii) → b, (iii) → a, (iv) → d
Answer:
D) (i) c, (ii) → b, (iii) → a, (iv) → d

Question 49.
…………………… are the fast flowing air currents in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere.
A) Loo
B) Mango showers
C) Jet Streams
D) Pre – monsoon showers
Answer:
C) Jet Streams

Question 50.
India lies in the belt of ……………… trade winds.
A) North – west
B) North – east
C) South – east
D) South – west
Answer:
B) North – east

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 51.
Which of the following is not a green house gas?
A) O2
B) CO2
C) Methane
D) Carbon monoxide
Answer:
A) O2

Question 52.
If the world average temperatures increase by 2°C, the sea level increases by ………… metres.
A) 2
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4
Answer:
B) 1

Question 53.
The state of atmospheric conditions over am area at a particular time refers to ………………
A) climate
B) atmosphere
C) weather
D) temperature
Answer:
C) weather

Question 54.
Pre-monsoon showers help in the early ripening of ……………………..
A) mangoes
B) apples
C) bananas
D) lemons
Answer:
A) mangoes

Question 55.
Which is not correct in the following?
A) The southern plains experience dry and hot winds called ‘Loo’
B) The northern plains experience dry and hot winds called ‘Loo’.
C) Kodaikanal has cooler climate
D) Tamil Nadu coast is called coramandal coast
Answer:
A) The southern plains experience dry and hot winds called ‘Loo’

Question 56.
The climate of India is strongly influenced by the ……………. winds.
A) cyclone
B) monsoon
C) trade
D) chinook
Answer:
B) monsoon

Question 57.
One of the human activities that contribute to global warming is ……………….
A) Afforestation
B) Pollution
C) Deforestation
D) Both B & C
Answer:
D) Both B & C

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 58.
Highest temperature zone from the following is ………………………
A) Jaipur
B) Delhi
C) Chennai
D) Leh
Answer:
A) Jaipur

Question 59.
The premonsoons in, Andhra Pradesh are known as …………………
A) Coconut showers
B) Mango showers
C) Orange showers
D) Custard apple showers
Answer:
B) Mango showers

Question 60.
In winter, the minimum temperatures recorded in……………
A) Western India
B) North India
C) Eastern India
D) South India
Answer:
B) North India

Question 61.
The dry and hot local winds which are experienced by northern plains are called as ……………….
A) Mistrawl
B) Chinook
C) Loo
D) Bora
Answer:
C) Loo

Question 62.
Among the following this is not a hill station of the Himalayan region.
A) Gulmarg
B) Darjeeling
C) Kondaikanal
D) Nainital
Answer:
C) Kondaikanal

Question 63.
For which purpose, was IPCC organisation formed?
A) To reduce emissions of green – house gases.
B) To slow down the process of climate change.
C) To reduce the anthropogenic global warming
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Question 64.
Which one of the following protect Indian subcontinent from extremely cold wind from central Asia.
A) Himalayas
B) Western Ghats
C) Peninsular plateau
D) None of these
Answer:
A) Himalayas

Question 65.
Which of the following statements is correct, related to Indian climate?
i) Tropic of Cancer passes through the central India.
ii) The southern part of India lies in the tropical zone.
iii) The northern part of India lies in the tundra zone.
A) (i) only
B) (i) and (ii)
Q (iii) only
D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Answer:
B) (i) and (ii)

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 66.
Which is the external difference between Chennai and Delhi?
A) Difference between day and night
B) Direction of winds
C) Speed of the winds
D) Day and night temperatures
Answer:
D) Day and night temperatures

Question 67.
Climate of Ooty is always pleasant because of the influence of ………………
A) Latitude
B) Longitude
C) Near to water
D) Relief
Answer:
D) Relief

Question 68.
The climate of Kanyakumari is entirely different from Bhopal or Delhi because ………………
A) Kanyakumari lies in Himalayas
B) Kanyakumari lies in temperate belt
C) Kanyakumari lies in tropical belt
D) Kanyakumari lies in north India
Answer:
C) Kanyakumari lies in tropical belt

Question 69.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
1) Intensity of temperature depends on the latitude.
2) Intensity of temperature is more in high latitudes than in the low latitudes.
A) Both 1 and 2 are correct
B) Both 1 and 2 are incorrect
C) Only 1 is correct
D) Only 2 is correct
Answer:
C) Only 1 is correct

Question 70.
Arrange the following places according to their distance from the equator.
1) Kanyakumari
2) Nagpur
3) Varanasi
4) Simla
A) 1, 2, 4, 3
B) 1, 3, 2, 4
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 4, 2, §
Answer:
C) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 71.
Which one of the following is not correctly matched.
A) Kharif season – Paddy
B) Oxygen – Green house effect
C) IPCC Conference – Warsaw
D) Gulmarg – Hill station
Answer:
B) Oxygen – Green house effect

Question 72.
A broad trough of low pressure’ in equatorial latitudes is known as
A) Coriolis force
B) Inter tropical convergence zone
C) Jet stream
D) Centripetal force
Answer:

Question 73.
Which one of the following factors is responsible for the amount of solar energy received …………….
A) Latitude
B) Longitude
C) Altitude
D) None of these
Answer:
A) Latitude

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 74.
If there is no monsoon mechanism ………………
A) No effect on climate
B) India would have become cold desert
C) India would have become desert due to lack of rain
D) None of the above
Answer:
C) India would have become desert due to lack of rain

Question 75.
There are varied climatic conditions in India, due to ………………….
A) near by seas and high mountains
B) vast area and latitudinal differences
C) the deserts and plains
D) the existence of perennial rivers
Answer:
B) vast area and latitudinal differences

Question 76.
Climate is calculated for every ……………….
A) 30 years
B) 26 years
C) 25 years
D) 28 years
Answer:
A) 30 years

Question 77.
Which crop is benefitted by Western disturbances?
A) Paddy
B) Sugarcane
C) Wheat
D) Jowar
Answer:
C) Wheat

Question 78.
In which state Pre-Monsoon showers are called ‘Mango showers’?
A) Assom
B) Karnataka
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Kerala
Answer:
C) Andhra Pradesh

Question 79.
Average day temperatures recorded in the summer season in northwest and central India are ……………..
A) 39° – 42° C
B) 36° – 39° C
C) 43° – 46° C
D) 41° – 42° C
Answer:
D) 41° – 42° C

Question 80.
The least temperature and rainfall is recorded at ……………….
A) Delhi
B) Leh
C) Chennai
D) Jaipur
Answer:
B) Leh

Question 81.
Bursting of monsoon ……………….
A) March
B) October
C) June
D) November
Answer:
C) June

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 82.
The main purpose of Intergovernmental panel is …………………
A) Prevention of water pollution.
B) Reduce global warming.
C) Prevention of atomic weapons.
D) Prevention of Border disputes.
Answer:
B) Reduce global warming.

★ Read the para and answer the questions.
‘ Scientists are discovering large volumes of methane under the .frozen tundras of the far northern latitudes (mainly in the vast expanses of northern Russia). As global temperature increases, the ice in the tundra melts more. The methane that is trapped under the ice escapes into the atmosphere, increasing die global temperatures.
Question 83.
Example of the green house gas
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Methane
D) None
Answer:
C) Methane

Question 84.
A measure to decrease global temperature
A) Constructing dams
B) Growing more trees
C) Increasing storage in reservoirs
D) Using more vehicles
Answer:
B) Growing more trees

Question 85.
The drought in Vidarbha region has increased during the last few decades. This is an example of
A) Weather
B) Land water relationship
C) Climate
D) Climograph
Answer:
C) Climate

Question 86.
Among the following, which place receives high temperature?
A) polar regions
B) regions away from the equator
C) temperate regions
D) regions close to the equator
Answer:
D) regions close to the equator

Question 87.
Among the following, which is a wrong statement?
A) Tropical region is nearer to the Equator
B) The region to south of Tropic of Cancer is found in Tropical region
C) Annual average temperature increases towards poles
D) The temperature on the surface of the Earth depends upon insolation also
Answer:
C) Annual average temperature increases towards poles

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 88.
The maximum rainfall occurs in Jaipur in the months
AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers 1
A) February, March
B) November, December
C) July, August
D) April, May.
Answer:
C) July, August

Question 89.
The average temperature in Jammu and Kashmir in the month of January
AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers 2
A) 20°C
B) 10°C
C) 25°C
D) 15°C
Answer:
B) 10°C

Question 90.
We observe 20°C temperature in the following states
AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers 3
A) Rajasthan & U.P.
B) Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana
C) Tamilnadu, Maharastra
D) Gujarat, M.P.
Answer:
D) Gujarat, M.P.

Question 91.
We find average temperature of 30° C in the month of May in this state
AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers 4
A) Kerala
B) M.P.
C) Rajasthan
D) Telangana
Answer:
C) Rajasthan

Question 92.
The map shows
AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers 5
A) Onset of South West monsoon
B) Onset of South East monsoon
C) Withdrawal of South West monsoon
D) Entering of monsoon in Arabian Sea
Answer:
C) Withdrawal of South West monsoon

★ Look at the map and answer the questions:
AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers 6
Question 93.
Through which states the monsoon passes on June 5th?
A) Karnataka, A.P, and Telangana
B) Tamilnadu, Kerala
C) Chathisgarh, Maharashtra
D) Gujarath, Assom
Answer:
A) Karnataka, A.P, and Telangana

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 94.
Where does south west monsoon enter first?
A) A.P
B) Kerala
C) Chathisgarh
D) Punjab
Answer:
B) Kerala

Question 95.
When has the monsoon entered Odisha?
A) 1st June
B) 15th June
C) 10th June
D) 5th June
Answer:
C) 10th June

Question 96.
On July 1st, to what states monsoon spreads?
A) A.P, Tamilnadu
B) Kerala, Assom
C) Bihar, Chathisgarh
D) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana
Answer:
D) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana

Question 97.
Which is not correct from the following?
A) The northern plains experience dry and hot winds called ‘Loo’
B) Kodaikanal has cooler climate
C) India lies in the hade wind belt of northern hemisphere
D) Tamil Nadu coast is called coramandel coast
Answer:
C) India lies in the hade wind belt of northern hemisphere

Question 98.
Simla is cooler than Delhi because ………………….
A) Delhi is nearer to the Himalayas
B) Delhi is in higher altitude
C) Simla is in higher altitude
D) Delhi is nearer to Equator
Answer:
C) Simla is in higher altitude

Question 99.
The normal rainfall increase suddenly and continues constantly for several
days is termed as ………………. of the monsoon.
A) Break
B) Burst
C) Onset
D) Arrival
Answer:
B) Burst

Question 100.
Accofdirfg to Telugu months, Greeshma season comes in
A) Chaitra, Vaisakha
B) Magha – Phalguna
C) Jyestha – Ashada
D) Sravana – Bhadra
Answer:
A) Chaitra, Vaisakha

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 101.
Kanya Kumari is somewhat hotter than that of Delhi because
A) Kanya Kumari is nearer to the Tropic of Cancer
B) Delhi is nearer to Equator
C) Kanya Kumari is in very high
D) Kanya Kumari is nearer to Equator
Answer:
D) Kanya Kumari is nearer to Equator

Question 102.
Cyclone depressions coming from Mediterranean sea are boon to crop
A) Wheat
B) Barley
C) Paddy
D) Maise
Answer:
A) Wheat

Question 103.
Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in North western part of India
A) Cyclonic depression
B) Retreating monsoon
C) Western disturbances
D) South – West disturbances
Answer:
A) Cyclonic depression

Question 104.
Global warming trend is called Anthropogrnic Global Warming from this time
A) After 2nd World War
B) Industrial Revolution
C) In the 21st century
D) None of these
Answer:
B) Industrial Revolution

Question 105.
Maritime climate is existed in the following places
1) Chennai
2) Coastal A.P
3) Telangana
4) Cochin
A) 1 & 2 only
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1,2,4 only
D) all the above
Answer:
C) 1,2,4 only

Question 106.
Find the incorrect set
A) Vasantha – March to April
B) Greeshma – May to June
C) Sharad – September to October
D) Hemanta – January to February
Answer:
D) Hemanta – January to February

Question 107.
Find the incorrect set
A) AGW – Anthropogenic Global Warming
B) KMDA – Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
C) IPCC – Inter – Government Panel on Climate Change
D) Western Disturbances – Bay of Bengal
Answer:
D) Western Disturbances – Bay of Bengal

AP 10th Class Social Bits Chapter 4 Climate of India with Answers

Question 108.
Why do coastal areas experiences less fluctuations in temperature conditions?
A) Due to heat conditions
B) Due to land mass
C) Due to moderating effect of the seas
D) None of above
Answer:
C) Due to moderating effect of the seas

Question 109.
The total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time is called …………………
A) Weather
B) Climate
C) Hot weather
D) Cold weather
Answer:
B) Climate