{"id":35666,"date":"2022-09-23T12:54:32","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T07:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/?p=35666"},"modified":"2022-09-23T12:54:32","modified_gmt":"2022-09-23T07:24:32","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-study-material-chapter-5b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-study-material-chapter-5b\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Chapter 5(b) Reproductive Health"},"content":{"rendered":"

Andhra Pradesh BIEAP AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material<\/a> Lesson 5(b) Reproductive Health Textbook Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n

AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Lesson 5(b) Reproductive Health<\/h2>\n

Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat are the measures one has to take to prevent contracting STDs?
\nAnswer:
\nThe measures one has to be taken to prevent STDs are<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Avoiding sex with unknown partners \/ multiple partners.<\/li>\n
  2. Using condoms compulsorily during coitus.<\/li>\n
  3. Consulting qualified doctor for early detection of STDs and getting complete treatment in case of infections.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Question 2.
    \nWhat in your view are the reasons for population explosion, especially in India?
    \nAnswer:
    \nThe reasons for population explosion in India are<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Illiteracy among people<\/li>\n
    2. Decline in death rate<\/li>\n
    3. Increased health care facilities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Question 3.
      \nIt is true that \u2019MTP is not meant for population control\u2019. Then why did the Government of India legalize MTP?
      \nAnswer:
      \n\u2019Medical Termination Pregnancy\u2019 (MTP) or induced abortion is the procedure to terminate pregnancy with the help of medications. Government of India legalized MTP in 1971 to avoid its misuse, this is necessary to keep a check on indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides.<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhat is amniocentesis? Name any two disorders that can be detected by amniocentesis.
      \nAnswer:
      \nAmniocentesis is a diagnostic procedure to detect genetic defects in the unborn baby, in which amniotic fluid is collected from foetus and diagnosed for abnormalities. Down’s syndrome, Turner\u2019s syndrome and Edward’s syndrome can be detected by amniocentesis.<\/p>\n

      \"AP<\/p>\n

      Question 5.
      \nMention the advantages of ‘lactational amenorrhea method\u2019?
      \nAnswer:
      \nLactational amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation as long as mother breast feeds her baby.<\/p>\n

      The advantages of ‘lactational amenorrhea’ are<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. As long as the mother fully breast feeds her child, chances of conception are almost zero.<\/li>\n
      2. Breast feeding babies will have enhanced immunity, protection against allergies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

        Question 1.
        \nBriefly describe the common sexually transmitted diseases in human beings.
        \nAnswer:
        \nSexually transmitted diseases (STDs) : Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual contact (intercourse) are\u2019 collectively called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or Veneral Diseases (VDs) or Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI).<\/p>\n

        Most common STDs and their causative organisms are shown in the following table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Name of the Disease<\/td>\nCausative organism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        1. Gonorrhea<\/td>\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae (bacteria)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        2. Syphilis<\/td>\nTreponema pallidum (spirochete bactrium)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        3. Genital herpes<\/td>\nHerpes simplex virus (HSV)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        4. Genital warts, cervical cancer<\/td>\nHuman papilloma virus (HPV)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        5. Trichomoniasis<\/td>\nTrichomonas vaginalis (a protozoan parasite)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        6. Chlamydiasis<\/td>\nChlamydia trachomatis (bacteria)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        7. Hepatitis-B<\/td>\nHBV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        8. HIV infection\/AIDS<\/td>\nHTV (Human immunodeficiency virus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Except for Hepatitis-B, genital herpes and HIV infection, all the above diseases are completely curable if they are detected early and treated properly.<\/p>\n

        The common modes of transmission of STDs are :<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Sharing injection needles<\/li>\n
        2. Sharing surgical instrument with infected persons<\/li>\n
        3. Transfusion of contaminated blood<\/li>\n
        4. Ffom mother to foetus.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          The common symptoms of most of the STDs are :<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Itching<\/li>\n
          2. Fluid discharge<\/li>\n
          3. Slight pain and swelling in genital region<\/li>\n
          4. Pelvic inflammatory diseases<\/li>\n
          5. Abortions<\/li>\n
          6. Still births<\/li>\n
          7. Ectopic pregnancies<\/li>\n
          8. Infertility and cancer of reproductive tract persons in the age group of 15-24 years are more vulnerable to contract STDs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            The measures to be taken to prevent STDs are<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Avoiding sex with unknown \/ multiple partners.<\/li>\n
            2. Using condoms compulsorily during coitus.<\/li>\n
            3. Consulting qualified doctor for early detection of STDs and getting complete treatment in case of infections.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \"AP<\/p>\n

              Question 2.
              \nDescribe the surgical methods of contraception.
              \nAnswer:
              \nSurgical procedure to prevent pregnancy is known as sterilization. There are two surgical methods of contraception. They are
              \na) Vasectomy b) Tubectomy<\/p>\n

              a) Vasectomy :
              \nIt is carried out in male. A small part of the vas deferens on either side is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum. Thus the sperms are prevented from reaching the seminal vesicle so the semen in vasectomised males does not contain sperms.
              \n\"AP<\/p>\n

              b) Tubectomy:
              \nIt is the contraceptive method in females. A small part of the fallopian tube on both sides is removed or tied up through a small incision made in the abdomen or through vagina. This will block the entry of ova into the fallopian tubes and thus pregnancy is prevented.
              \n\"AP<\/p>\n

              Question 3.
              \nWrite short notes on any two of the following.
              \na) IVF b) ICSI e) IUDs
              \nAnswer:
              \na) IVF :
              \nFertilization of ovum by sperm outside the body of a woman is called in Vitro Fertilization (IVF). The resultant early embryonic stage is transferred into the mother’s uterus for further development (Embryo Transfer or Intra Uterine Trdnsfer – IUT).<\/p>\n

              In this method, which is popularly known as Test tube baby procedure, ova from the wife or female donor and sperms from the husband or male donor are collected, mixed and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. If the mother’s uterus is not medically fit to receive the embryo produced invitro, it can be implanted in the uterus of surrogate mother is who willing to carry this embryo.<\/p>\n

              b) ICSI:
              \nIntra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection is another specialised procedure in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum with the help of microscopic needle to form an embryo in the laboratory. Later the embryo is transferred to the uterus or fallopian tube for further development. This method is employed to assist the couple where there are problems with the sperms such as decreased sperm count.<\/p>\n

              c) IUDs :
              \nIntra Uterine Devises (IUDs) are used by females in a process of contraception. IUDs are inserted into the uterus by doctors or trained nurses through vagina.<\/p>\n

              IUDs promote phagocytosis of sperms by white blood corpuscles within the Uterus and the copper ions released suppress the motility, viability and fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa. The hormone releasing IUDs, makes the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms. IUDs are ideal contraceptives to females who want to delay or have space between children. This is a widely accepted method of contraception in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Type of IUDs<\/td>\nKxample<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              1. Non medicated<\/td>\nLippes loop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              2. Copper releasing<\/td>\nCuT, Cu7, multiload 375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              3. Hormone releasing<\/td>\nProgestasert, LNG-20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Question 4.
              \nSuggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
              \nAnswer:
              \nThe infertility may be due to physical, genetic, certain diseases, drugs, immunological or even psychological. Infertility clinics could help in diagnosis and corrective treatment of some of these disorders and enable the couples to have children in natural way.<\/p>\n

              In the cases where such corrections are not possible, the couple could be assisted to have children through special techniques known as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The following are some important techniques employed in ART.<\/p>\n

              1) IVF :
              \nIn Vitro Fertilization is a process in which fertilization of ovum by sperm done outside the woman’s body. In this method, popularly known as ‘Test Tube Baby Procedure’, ova from wife or female donor and sperms from husband \/ male donor are collected, mixed and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. If the mother’s uterus is not medically fit to receive the embryo produced invitro, it can be implanted in the uterus of another woman (surrogate mother).<\/p>\n

              2) ZIFT :
              \nZygote Intra Fallopian Transfer is another technique used to overcome infertility. The ovum is extracted and fertilized invitro and the zygote is transferred to the woman’s fallopian tube to complete its further course of development.<\/p>\n

              3) GIFT:
              \nGamete Intra Fallopian Transfer is a procedure done for women who cannot produce ova either due to defect or diseases in ovaries, but still, can provide suitable environment for fertilization and further development of the embryo in their uterus. In these cases, ovum is collected from donor is transferred to the fallopian tube of recipient woman for fertilization.<\/p>\n

              4) ICSI:
              \nIntracytoplasmic Sperm Injection is another specialised procedure in which a sperm is directly injected into ovum with the help of microscopic needle to form an embryo in vitro. Later the embryo is transferred to the uterus or fallopian tube for further development. This method is employed assist the couple where there are problems with the sperms such as decrease in sperm count.<\/p>\n

              5) AI:
              \nArtificial Insemination is done in a case where male is unable to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm count in the ejaculate. In this technique, semen is collected from the husband or healthy donor and is introduced into the uterus (Intra Uterine Insemination-IUI) for achieving fertilization.<\/p>\n

              \"AP<\/p>\n

              Question 5.
              \nIs sex education necessary in schools? Why?
              \nAnswer:
              \nGovernmental and non-governmental agencies have taken various steps to educate people on reproduction-related issues using audio-visual and print media. Introduction of sex education in schools will provide right information about the reproductive organs, adolescence , and related changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices, sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV etc, would help people, especially those in adolescent age group lead a reproductively healthy life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Andhra Pradesh BIEAP AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Lesson 5(b) Reproductive Health Textbook Questions and Answers. AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Lesson 5(b) Reproductive Health Very Short Answer Questions Question 1. What are the measures one has to take to prevent contracting STDs? Answer: The measures one has to be taken …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35666"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35666"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35667,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35666\/revisions\/35667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}