{"id":35568,"date":"2022-09-20T10:52:01","date_gmt":"2022-09-20T05:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/?p=35568"},"modified":"2022-09-20T10:52:01","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T05:22:01","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-botany-study-material-chapter-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/ap-inter-2nd-year-botany-study-material-chapter-5\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Botany Study Material Chapter 5 Respiration in Plants"},"content":{"rendered":"

Andhra Pradesh BIEAP AP Inter 2nd Year Botany Study Material<\/a> 5th Lesson Respiration in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n

AP Inter 2nd Year Botany Study Material 5th Lesson Respiration in Plants<\/h2>\n

Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nDifferent substrates get oxidised during respiration. How does respiratory quotient (RQ) indicate which type of substrate (i.e) carbohydrate, fat or protein is getting oxidised?
\nRQ = A\/B. What do A & B stand for?
\nWhat type of substrates have RQ of 1, <1; > 1?
\nAnswer:
\n\"AP
\ncarbohydrates have RQ = 1
\nFats have RQ value = < 1
\nOrganic acids have RQ = > 1<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is the specific role of F0<\/sub> – F1<\/sub> particles in Respiration?
\nAnswer:
\nThe F1<\/sub> headpiece is a peripheral membrane protein complex and contains the site for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. F0<\/sub> is an intergral membrane protein complex that forms the channel through which protons cross the inner membrane. The passage of protons through the channel is coupled to the catalytic site of the F1<\/sub> component for the production of ATP<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWhen does anaerobic respiration occur in man and yeast?
\nAnswer:
\nWhen oxygen is inadequate for cellular respiration, anaerobic respiration occurs.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is the common pathway for aerobic and anaerobic respirations? Where does it take place?
\nAnswer:
\nGlycolysis. It occurs in cytoplasm of the cell.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat cellular organic substances are never used as respiratory substrates?
\nAnswer:
\nPure proteins or fats are never used as respiratory substrates.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nWhy is the respiratory quotient (RQ) of fats less than that of carbohydrates?
\nAnswer:
\nDuring the oxidation of fats, the amount of CO2<\/sub> evolved is less than the amount of O2<\/sub> consumed so respiratory quotient value is less than one. Where as in oxidation of carbohydrates, the amount of CO2<\/sub> evolved is equal to the amount of O2<\/sub> consumed. So the respiratory quotient value is one.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is meant by Amphibolic pathway?
\nAnswer:
\nRespiratory pathway involves both anabolism and catabolism so it is considered as amphibolic pathway. In this, the breakdown and the synthesis of fatty acids and proteins took place.<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nName the mobile electron carriers of the respiratory electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
\nAnswer:
\nUbiquinone and cytochrome – C.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is the final acceptor of electrons in aerobic respiration? From which complex does it receive electrons?
\nAnswer:
\nOxygen. It receives electrons from complex IV<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nDo you know of any step in Kreb’s cycle where there is a substrate level phosphorylation? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nIn Kreb’s cycle during the conversion of succinyl – CoA to succinic acid a molecule of GTP is synthesised. This step is a substrate level phosphorylation.
\n\"AP<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWhy is the respiratory pathway referred to as amphibolic pathway? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nRespiration involves the breakdown of substrates so traditionally called catabolic process and the respiratory pathway as a catabolic pathway. In respiration, different substrates enter into respiratory pathway at different points. If fatty acids were respired, j they would be degraded to acetyl CoA and enter the pathway Glycerol would enter the pathway after converted to PGAL. The proteins and the aminoacids would enter the pathway at pyruvate.<\/p>\n

Fatty acids would be brokendown to acetyl CoA before entering into respiratory pathway. Rut when the organism needs to synthesis fatty acids, Acetyl CoA would be withdrawn from the respiratory pathway for it. Hence the respiratory pathway comes into the picture both during the breakdown and the synthesis of fatty acids. In this issue, respiratory pathway is involved in both anabolism and catabolism, it would be better to consider it as amphibolic pathway rather than as a catabolic one.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWrite about two ATP yielding reactions of glycolysis.
\nAnswer:
\n1) 1, 3 BPGA (bisphosphoglyceric acid) looses phosphate group in the presence of phosphoglycerokinase to form 3-phosphoglyceric acid. ADP accepts phosphate group and gets converted to ATP.
\n\"AP<\/p>\n

2) Phosphoenol pyruvic acid undergoes dephosphorylation in the presence of pyruvic kinase results in the formation of pyruvic acid. ADP accepts phosphate group and gets converted to ATP.
\n\"AP<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nThe net gain of ATP for the complete aerobic oxidation of glucose is 36. Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nBalance sheet of ATP production in aerobic oxidation of Glucose.
\n1) Glycolysis :
\n1. ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation
\nBisphosphoglyceric acid to phosphoglyceric acid : 2 \u00d7 1 = 2ATP
\nphosphoenol pyruvic acid to pyruvic acid : 2 \u00d7 1 = 2ATP
\nATP consumed : for the phosphorylation of glucose
\nand fructose-6-phosphate : -2 ATP
\nNet gain of ATP : +2 ATP<\/p>\n

2. ATP from NADH generated in glycolysis :
\nG-3-P to BPGA (2NADH, each worth 2ATP) 2 \u00d7 2 = 4ATP
\nTotal ATP gain from glycolysis in the presence of O2<\/sub> : (a)<\/sup>6 ATP<\/p>\n

2) Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid
\nPyruvic acid to acetyl COA
\n(2 NADH, each worth 3 ATP) : (b)<\/sup>2 \u00d7 1 = 6 ATP<\/p>\n

3) Krebs cycle
\n1. ATP produced in substrate level phosphorylation:
\nSuccinyl CoA to succinic acid : 2 \u00d7 1 = 2 ATP
\n2. ATP from NADH: Isocitric acid to Oxalosuccinic acid : 2 \u00d7 3 = 6 ATP
\na-Ketoglutaric acid to succinyl CoA : 2 \u00d7 3 = 6 ATP
\nMalic acid to Oxalocaetic acid : 2 \u00d7 3 = 6 ATP
\n3. ATP from FADH2 : Succinic acid to fumaric acid : 2 \u00d7 2 = 4 ATP
\nTotal ATP value of krebs cycle : (a)<\/sup>24 ATP
\nNet gain of ATP in aerobic respiration per mole glucose
\n(a + b + c) : 36 ATP<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nDefine RQ. Write a short note on RQ.
\nAnswer:
\nThe ratio of the volume of CO2<\/sub> evolved to the volume of O2<\/sub> cosumed in respiration is called the Respiratory Quotient (RQ).
\n\"AP<\/p>\n

The respiratory quotient depends upon the type of respiratory substrate used during respiration.
\n1) When carbohydrates are used as substrate, the RQ is 1, because equal amounts of CO2<\/sub> and O2<\/sub> are evolved and consumed.
\nEx : C6<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O6<\/sub> + 6 O2<\/sub> \u2192 6 CO2<\/sub> + 6 H2<\/sub>O + Energy
\nRQ = \\(\\frac{6CO_2}{6O_2}\\) = 0.1<\/p>\n

2) When fats are used in respiration the RQ is less than 1.
\nEx : 2(C51<\/sub> H98<\/sub> O6<\/sub>) + 145 O2<\/sub> \u2192 1 O2<\/sub> CO2<\/sub> + 98 H2<\/sub>O + Energy Tripalmitin
\nRQ = \\(\\frac{102CO_2}{145O_2}\\) = 0.7<\/p>\n

3) When protein are respiratory substrates the ratio would be about 0.9<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nDescribe briefly the process of fermentation.
\nAnswer:
\nIn fermentation, the incomplete oxidation of glucose is achieved under anaerobic conditions by set of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted to CO2<\/sub> & Ethanol. The ezymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase, and alcohol dehydrogenase catalyse these reactions. Two types of fermetations are :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Alcoholic fermentation<\/li>\n
  2. Lactic acid fermentation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1) Alcoholic fermentation :
    \nThis is most common type of fermentation process. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is broken to ethyl alcohol & CO2<\/sub> in two steps.
    \ni) The pyruvic acid is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in the presence of enzyme pyruvic decarboxylase.
    \n\"AP
    \nii) Acetaldehyde is then reduced to ethyl alcohol by NADH+<\/sup> + H+<\/sup> produced in glycolysis acetaldehyde is final hydrogen acceptor. The reaction is catalysed by alcohol dehydrogenase.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    2) Lactic acid fermentation:
    \nPyruvic acid formed at the end of glycolysis is converted to lactic acid by lactobacillus lactibacteria.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 6.
    \nExplain various complexes involved in electron transport system of respiration.
    \nAnswer:
    \nElectron flow through the mitochondrial electron transport (Aerobic respiration) is carried out by five enzyme complexes. These complexes are the integral proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane. They are complex I, II, III, IV & V out of these first four complexes involved in Electron transport chain.
    \ni) Complex I :
    \nNADH – dehydrogenase (or) NADH-Q-reductase. This complex I transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone.<\/p>\n

    ii) Complex II :
    \nSuccinate dehydrogenase (or) ubiquinone.This complex trasfers electrons from succinate to ubiquinone via Fe – S – centres.<\/p>\n

    iii) Complex III :
    \nCytochrome ‘c’ Reductase or cyt-b-c, complex. This complex contains cytochrome ‘b’ and cytochrome \u2019c’ cyt-c(mobile carrier). The ultimate electron acceptor of complex-III. This complex works through Q-cycle mechanism.<\/p>\n

    iv) Complex IV :
    \nCytochrome -c- oxidase. It contains two heme proteins called cyta and cyta3<\/sub> and two copper proteins. This complex transfers electrons to oxygen.<\/p>\n

    v) Complex V :
    \nATP synthase or F0<\/sub> – F1<\/sub> complex. This complex involved for the production of ATP from ADP & inorganic phosphate.<\/p>\n

    \"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 7.
    \nDescribe the structure of Complex-V and explain the process of oxidative phospho-rylation as explained by chemosmotic hypothesis.
    \nAnswer:
    \n\"AP
    \nComplex – V is an ATP synthase. This complex-V consists of two major components, F1<\/sub> and F0<\/sub>. The F1<\/sub> head piece is a peripheral membrane protein complex and contains the site for synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. F0<\/sub> is an integral membrane protein complex that froms the channel through which protons cross the inner membrane. The passage of protons through the channel is coupled to the catalytic site of the F1<\/sub> component for the production of ATP For each ATP produced, 3H+<\/sup> passes through F0<\/sub> from the intermembrane space to the matrix down the electrochemical proton gradient.<\/p>\n

    In photophosphorylation light energy is utilised for the production of proton gradient required for phosphorylation, but in respiration it is the energy of oxidation reduction utilized for the proton gradient. It is for this reason that the process is called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidation of one molecule of NADH gives rise to 3 molecules of ATP, while that one molecule of FADH2<\/sub> produces 2 molecules of ATP.<\/p>\n

    Long Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nGive an account of glycolysis. Where does it occur? What are the end products? Trace the fate of these products in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
    \nAnswer:
    \nGlucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is called glycolysis. It was given by gustav embden, Otto Mayerhof and J.Parnas so called EMP pathway. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and takes place in all living orgnisms. In this, 4 ATP are formed of which two are utilised and 2 NADPH+<\/sup> K+<\/sup> are formed. A+<\/sup> the end of glycolysis, 2PA, 2ATP and 2NADPH+<\/sup> H+<\/sup> are formed as end products. The ATP and NADPH+<\/sup> H+<\/sup> are utilised for fixation of CO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

    Glycolysis occur in cytoplasm. Pyruvic acid, 2ATP, 2NADPH+<\/sup>H are the end products. In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid, 2 NADPH + H+<\/sup> are completely oxidised through TCA cycle, ETS pathway and produce 36 ATP molecules. In Anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is partially oxidised results in the formation of Ethyol alcohol and CO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nExplain the reactions of Krebs cycle.
    \nAnswer:
    \n\"AP
    \nThe acetyl CoA enters into the [mito chondrial matrix] a cyclic pathway tricarboxylic acid cycle, more commonly called krebs cycle after the scientist Hans Krebs who first elucidated it.<\/p>\n

    1) Condensation :
    \nIn this acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetic acid and water to yield citric acid in the presence of citrate synthetase and CoA is released.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    2) Dehydration :
    \nCitric acid looses water molecule to yield cisaconitic acid in the presence of aconitase.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    3) Hydration :
    \nA water molecule is added to cis aconic acid to yield isocitric acid in the presence of a conitase.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    4) Oxidation I:
    \nIsocitric acid undergoes oxidation in the presence of dehydrogenase to yield succinic acid
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    5) Decarboxylation :
    \nOxalosuccinic acid undergoes decarboxylation in the presence ofdecarboxylase to form a-keto glutaric acid.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    6) Oxidation II, decarboxylation :
    \n\u03b1 – keto glutaric acid undergoes oxidation and decarboxylation in the presence of dehydrogenase and condenses with co.A to form succinyl co. A.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    7) Cleavage :
    \nSuccinyl co.A splits into succinic acid and co.A in the presence of thiokinase to form succinic acid. The energy released is utilised to from ATP from ADP and PI.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    8) Oxidation – III:
    \nSuccinic acid undergoes oxidation and forms Fumaric acid in the presence of succinic dehydrogenase.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    9) Hydration :
    \nA water molecule is alcohol to Fumaric acid in the presence of Fumarase to form Malic acid.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    10) Oxidation IV :
    \nMalic acid undergoes oxidation in the presence of malic dehydrogenase to form oxaloacetic acid.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    In TCA cycle, for every 2 molecules of Acetyl co.A undergoing oxidation, 2 ATP, 8 NADPH+ H+<\/sup>, 2FADH2<\/sub> molecules are formed.<\/p>\n

    Intext Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nDifferentiate between
    \na) Respiration and Combustion
    \nb) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
    \nc) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation
    \nAnswer:
    \na)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Respiration<\/td>\nCombustion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1) Oxygen is utilised, CO2<\/sub>, water and energy are released.<\/td>\n1) It requires oxygen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Glycolysis<\/td>\nKrebs cycle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1) It occurs in the cytoplasm.<\/td>\n1) It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2) It occurs in all living organisms.<\/td>\n2) It occurs in higher plants onlv.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    c)
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nWhat are respiratory substrates? Name the most common respiratory substrate.
    \nAnswer:
    \nSubstances which oxidises in respiration are called respiratory substrates. Ex: Glucose, Fats, Proteins and Organic acids. Among them glucose is the common respiratory substrate.<\/p>\n

    \"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nGive the schematic representation of glycolysis.
    \nAnswer:
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \nWhat are the main steps in aerobic respiration? Where does it take place?
    \nAnswer:
    \nGlycolysis = Cytoplasm
    \nPAOD = Matiix (Mitochondria)
    \nKrebs cycle = Matrix (Mitochondria)
    \nElectron transport system = Matrix (Mitochondria)<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \nGive the schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs cycle.
    \nAnswer:
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 6.
    \nExplain ETS
    \nAnswer:
    \nNADPH + H+<\/sup> or FADH2<\/sub> formed in glycolysis and Mitochondrial matrix are oxidised through the electron transport system and the electrons are passed on to O2<\/sub> resulting in the formation of H2<\/sub>O. The metabolic pathway through which an electron passes from one carrier to another is called electron transport system.<\/p>\n

    NADPH + H+<\/sup> is oxidised and releases electrons in the presence of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), which are transferred to ubiquinone located with in the inner membrane. Ubiquinone also receives reducing equivalents via FADH2<\/sub> (Complex II). The reduced ubiquinone (Ubiquinol) is oxidised and releases electrons which are accepted by cytochrome c1<\/sub> Cytochromec<\/sub> (Complex III) cytochrome C is a small protein, acts as a mobile carrier for the transfer of electrons between complex III and TV to cytochromes a and a3<\/sub>, finally reaches \\(\\frac{1}{2}\\)O2<\/sub> along with 2H+<\/sup>, produce 1 H2<\/sub>O molecule.<\/p>\n

    During this electron flow, 10H+<\/sup> moves from matrix to inner mitochondrial membrane [4 H+<\/sup> at complex I, 4H+<\/sup> at complex III, 2 at complex IV]. As a result H+<\/sup> concentration increases towards the inner membrane of mitochondria. So the H+<\/sup> comes back to the matrix side through ATPage [F0<\/sub>, F1<\/sub>], involves in the synthesis ATP.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 7.
    \nDistinguish between the following
    \na) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration
    \nb) Glycolysis and Fermentation
    \nc) Glycolysis and Citric acid cycle
    \nAnswer:
    \na)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Aerobic respiration<\/td>\nAnaerobic respiration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1. It occurs in the presence of O2<\/sub>.<\/td>\n1. It occurs in the absence of O2<\/sub>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2. It occurs in four steps.
    \na) Glycolysis
    \nb) PAOD
    \nc) Krebs cycle
    \nd) ETS pathway<\/td>\n    		2. It occurs in two steps.
    \na) Glycolysis
    \nb) Fermentation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3. End products are CO2<\/sub> and H2<\/sub>O.<\/td>\n3. End products are CO2<\/sub> and Ethyl alcohol.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4. 686 K.Cal of energy is released.<\/td>\n4. 56 K.Cal of energy is released.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5. 36 ATP are formed.<\/td>\n5. 2 ATP are formed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Glycolysis<\/td>\nFermentation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1. It is the 1st step in both aerobic anaerobic respiration.<\/td>\n1. It is the 2nd step of anaerobic repsiration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2. End products are PA, ATP, NADPH+ H+<\/sup><\/td>\n2. End products are CO2<\/sub> and C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Glycolysis<\/td>\nCitric acid cycle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1. It occurs in the cytoplasm.<\/td>\n1. It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2. It occurs in all living organisms.<\/td>\n2. It occurs in higher plants only.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Question 8.
    \nWhat are the assumptions made during the calculations of net gain of ATP?
    \nAnswer:
    \nIt is possible to make calculations of the net gain of ATP for every glucose is oxidised.
    \nThese calculations can be made only on certain assumptions that:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. There is a sequential, orderly pathway functioning with one substrate forming the next and with glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETS pathway following one after another.<\/li>\n
    2. The NADH synthesised in glycolysis is transferred into the mitochondria and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation.<\/li>\n
    3. None of the intermediates in the pathway are utilised to synthesize any other compound.<\/li>\n
    4. Only glucose is being transferred – no other alternative substrates are entering in the pathway at any of the intermediary stages.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      But these kind of assumption are not really valid in a living system all pathways work simultaneously and do not take place one after another.<\/p>\n

      Differences<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Fermentation<\/td>\nAerobic respiration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1) Partial breakdown of glucose.<\/td>\n1) Complete oxidation of glucose.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2) End products are CO2<\/sub> and Ethyl alcohol.<\/td>\n2) End products are CO2<\/sub> and H2<\/sub>O.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      3) 2 ATP molecules are formed.<\/td>\n3) 36 ATP are formed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Question 9.
      \nDiscuss “The respiratory pathway is an amplibolic pathway”.
      \nAnswer:
      \nRespiration involves the breakdown of substrates so traditionally called catabolic process and the respiratory pathway as a catabolic pathway. In respiration, different substrates enter into respiratory pathway at different points. If fatty acids were respired, they would be degraded to acetyl CoA and enter the pathway Glycerol would enter the 1 pathway after converted to PGAL. The proteins and the aminoacids would enter the pathway at pyruvate.<\/p>\n

      Fatty acids would be brokendown to acetyl CoA before entering into respiratory pathway. Rut when the organism needs to synthesis fatty acids, Acetyl CoA would be withdrawn from the respiratory pathway for it. Hence the respiratory pathway comes into the picture both during the breakdown and the synthesis of fatty acids. In this issue, respiratory pathway is involved in both anabolism and catabolism, it would be better to consider it as amphibolic pathway rather than as a catabolic one.<\/p>\n

      \"AP<\/p>\n

      Question 10.
      \nDefine respiratory quotient (RQ). What is its value for fats?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe ratio of the volume of CO2<\/sub> evolved to the volume of O2<\/sub> consumed in respiration is called respiratory quotient.
      \nRespiratory quotient value of fats is less than one
      \n2C51<\/sub> H98<\/sub> O6<\/sub> + 145 O2<\/sub> \u2192 1 02 CO2<\/sub> + 98 H2<\/sub>O + energy
      \n(Tripalmitin) Respiratory quotient = \\(\\frac{102}{145}\\) = 0.7.<\/p>\n

      Question 11.
      \nWhat is oxidative phosphorylation?
      \nAnswer:
      \nSynthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi coupled to electron transport from substrate to molecular oxygen is called oxidative phosphorylation.<\/p>\n

      Question 12.
      \nWhat is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe key is to oxidise glucose not in one step but in several small steps enabling some steps to be just large enough such that the energy is released can be coupled to ATP synthesis. All the energy entained in a substrate is not released free into the cell or in a single step. It is release in a series of slow step wise reactions controlled by enzymes, and it is trapped as chemical energy in the form of ATP.<\/p>\n

      13. Find the correct ascending sequence of the following, on the basis of energy released in respiratory oxidation.
      \na) 1 gm pf fat
      \nb) 1 gm of protein
      \nc) 1 gm of glucose
      \nd) 0.5 gm of protein + 0.5 gm of glucose
      \nAnswer:
      \nc \u2192 b \u2192 d \u2192 a<\/p>\n

      Question 14.
      \nName the products, respectively in aerobic glycolysis in skeletal muscle and anaerobic fermentation in yeast.
      \nAnswer:
      \nIn aerobic glycolysis :
      \nPyruvic acid, ATP, NADPH + H+<\/sup><\/p>\n

      In skeletal muscle :
      \nLactic acid<\/p>\n

      In anaerobic fermentation :
      \nCO2<\/sub> and Ethanol<\/p>\n

      Question 15.
      \nIf a person is feeling dizzy, glucose or fruit juice is given immediately but not a cheese sandwich, which might have more energy. Why?
      \nAnswer:
      \nGlucose or fruit juice. They contain more sugars which oxidise in the presence of O2<\/sub> and releases more energy.<\/p>\n

      Question 16.
      \nIn a way green plants and cyanobacteria have synthesised all the food on earth. Comment.
      \nAnswer:
      \nOnly green plants and cyanobacteria can prepare their own food but not all food on earth.<\/p>\n

      \"AP<\/p>\n

      Question 17.
      \nIt is known that red muscle fibres in animals can work for longer periods of time continuously. How is this possible?
      \nAnswer:
      \nRed muscle fibres utilise fats or carbohydrates as their food. They can work for long time but with little force.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Andhra Pradesh BIEAP AP Inter 2nd Year Botany Study Material 5th Lesson Respiration in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers. AP Inter 2nd Year Botany Study Material 5th Lesson Respiration in Plants Very Short Answer Questions Question 1. Different substrates get oxidised during respiration. How does respiratory quotient (RQ) indicate which type of substrate (i.e) carbohydrate, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35569,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35568\/revisions\/35569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}