{"id":35355,"date":"2022-09-09T10:08:20","date_gmt":"2022-09-09T04:38:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/?p=35355"},"modified":"2022-09-09T10:08:33","modified_gmt":"2022-09-09T04:38:33","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-important-questions-chapter-6a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/ap-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-important-questions-chapter-6a\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Students get through <a href=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/ap-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-important-questions\/\">AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions<\/a> Lesson 6(a) Group-15 Elements which are most likely to be asked in the exam.<\/p>\n<h2>AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Lesson 6(a) Group-15 Elements<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nNitrogen molecule is highly stable &#8211; Why? (IPE 2014)<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe nitrogen Molecule is more stable because in between two nitrogen atoms of N<sub>2<\/sub>, a triple bond is present. To break this triple bond high energy is required (941.4KJ\/mole).<\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nWhy are the compounds of bismuth more stable in +3 oxidation state?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nBismuth compounds are more stable in +3 oxidation state because &#8216;Bi&#8217; exhibits +3 stable oxidation state instead of +5 due to inert pair effect.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nWhat is allotropy ? Explain the different allotropic forms of phosphorus. (IPE 2016(TS))<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nAllotropy: The existence of an element in different physical forms having similar chemical properties is called allotropy.<br \/>\n\u2192 Allotropes of &#8216;P&#8217;: \u2192 White &#8216;P&#8217; (or) Yellow P.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Red P<\/li>\n<li>Scarlet &#8216;P&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>Violet P<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1 &#8211; black P&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>\u03b2 &#8211; black &#8216;P&#8217;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>White phosphorus :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is poisonous and insoluble in water and soluble in carbon disulphide and glows in dark.<\/li>\n<li>It is a translucent white waxy solid.<\/li>\n<li>It dissolves in boiling NaOH solution and gives PH<sub>3<\/sub>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24071\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-1.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 1\" width=\"389\" height=\"54\" \/><\/li>\n<li>It is more reactive than other solid phases.<\/li>\n<li>Bond angle is 60\u00b0 and it readily catches fire,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Red phosphorus :<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24072\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-2.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 2\" width=\"405\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Red P possesses iron grey lustre.<\/li>\n<li>In it odour less, non poisonous and insoluble in water as well as CS<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<li>Red P is much less reactive than white P.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Black P&#8217;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1 &#8211; Black P : It is formed when red P is heated in a sealed tube 803K.<\/li>\n<li>\u03b2 &#8211; Black P : It is prepared by heating white P at 473 K under high pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nExplain the difference in the structures of white and red phosphorus.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nWhite &#8216;P&#8217; molecule has tetrahedral structure (discrete molecule). Discrete &#8216;P&#8217; molecules are held by vander waal&#8217;s forces.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24073\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-3.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 3\" width=\"291\" height=\"195\" \/><br \/>\nRed &#8216;P&#8217; is polymeric consisting of chains of P<sub>4<\/sub> tetrahedron linked together through covalent bonds.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24074\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-4.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 4\" width=\"407\" height=\"188\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nWhat is inert pair effect ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nInert pair effect: The reluctance of ns pair of electrons to take part in bond formation is called inert pair effect.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bi exhibits +3 oxidation state instead of +5 due to inert pair effect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nHow do calcium phosphide and heavy water react ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCalcium phosphide reacts with heavy water to form Deutero phosphine.<br \/>\nCa<sub>3<\/sub>P<sub>2<\/sub> + 6D<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 3 Ca (OD)<sub>2<\/sub> + 2PD<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nAmmonia is a good complexing agent &#8211; Explain with an example.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNH<sub>3<\/sub> is a lewis base and it donates electron pair to form dative bond with metal ions. This results in the formation of complex compound.<br \/>\nEg :<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24075\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-5.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 5\" width=\"294\" height=\"54\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nNO is paramagnetic in gaseous state but diamagnetic in liquid and solid states &#8211; Why ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIn gaseous state NO<sub>2<\/sub> exists as a Monomer and contains one unpaired electron but in solid state it dimerises to N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub> so it doesnot contain unpaired electron.<br \/>\nHence NO<sub>2<\/sub> is para magnetic in geseous state but diamagnetic in solid state.<\/p>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nIron becomes passive in cone. HNO<sub>3<\/sub> &#8211; Why ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIron becomes passive in cone. HNO<sub>3<\/sub> due to formation of a passive film of oxide on the surface of iron.<\/p>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nGive the neutral oxides of nitrogen.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNitrous oxide (N<sub>2<\/sub>O) and Nitric oxide (NO) are neutral oxides of nitrogen.<\/p>\n<p>Question 11.<br \/>\nGive the paramagnetic oxides of nitrogen.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2<\/sub>) are the paramagnetic oxides of nitrogen due to the presence of odd number of electrons.<\/p>\n<p>Question 12.<br \/>\nWhy is white phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIn white phosphorus the P &#8211; P &#8211; P bond angle is 60\u00b0 hence the bonds are in strain. As a result the bonds are broken easily. In red phosphorus the bond angle is 120\u00b0, hence it is stable and less reactive.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 13.<br \/>\nWhat happens when white phosphorus is heated with conc. NaOH solution in an inert atmosphere of CO<sub>2<\/sub> ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nWhen white phosphorus heated with con. NaOH solution in an inert atmosphere of CO<sub>2<\/sub> forms PH<sub>3<\/sub>.<br \/>\nP<sub>4<\/sub> + 3NaoH + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 PH<sub>3<\/sub> + 3NaH<sub>2<\/sub>PO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>Question 14.<br \/>\nGive the uses of<br \/>\na) nitric acid and<br \/>\nb) ammonia.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNitric acid : It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, nitro glycerine, nitro toluence etc.,<br \/>\nAmmonia : It is used to produce fertilizers like urea liquid NH<sub>3<\/sub> is used as a refrigerant.<\/p>\n<p>Question 15.<br \/>\nGive the disproportionation reaction of H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3<\/sub>.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nOrthophosphoric acid (H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3<\/sub>) on heating disproportionates to give orthophosphoric acid and phosphine.<br \/>\n4H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 3H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub> + PH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>Question 16.<br \/>\nNitrogen exists as diatomic molecule and phosphorus as P<sub>4<\/sub> &#8211; Why ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNitrogen exists as diatomic molecule :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrogen has small size and high electronegativity and nitrogen atom forms P\u03c0 &#8211; P\u03c0 multiple bonds with itself (triplebond). So it exists as a discrete diatomic molecule in elementary state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Phosphorus exists as tetra atomic molecule :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phosphorus has large size and less electronegative and it forms P-P single bonds. So it exists as tetra atomic i.e., P<sub>4<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 17.<br \/>\nArrange the hydrides of group &#8211; 15 elements in the increasing order of basic strength and decreasing order of reducing character.<br \/>\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increasing order of basic strength of Group &#8211; 15 elements hydrides is<br \/>\nBiH<sub>3<\/sub> &lt; SbH<sub>3<\/sub> &lt; AsH<sub>3<\/sub> &lt; PH<sub>3<\/sub> &lt; NH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<li>Decreasing order of reducing character of Group &#8211; 15 elements hydrides is<br \/>\nBiH<sub>3<\/sub> &gt; SbH<sub>3<\/sub> &gt; AsH<sub>3<\/sub> &gt; PH<sub>3<\/sub> &gt; NH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 18.<br \/>\nPH<sub>3<\/sub> is a weaker base than NH<sub>3<\/sub> &#8211; Explain.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPH<sub>3<\/sub> is a weaker base than NH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In NH<sub>3<\/sub> nitrogen atom undergoes sp<sup>3<\/sup> hybridisation and due to small size it has high electron density than in&#8217;P of PH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<li>Due to large size of &#8216;P&#8217; atom and availability of large surface area, lone pair of electron spread in PH<sub>3<\/sub>. Hence PH<sub>3<\/sub> is weaker base than NH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 19.<br \/>\nA mixture of Ca<sub>3<\/sub>P<sub>2<\/sub> and CaC<sub>2<\/sub> is used in making Holme&#8217;s signal &#8211; Explain.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nA mixture of Ca<sub>3<\/sub>P<sub>2<\/sub> and CaC<sub>2<\/sub> is used in Holme&#8217;s signal. This Mixture containing containers are pierced and thrown in the sea, when the gas is evolved bum and serve as a signal.<br \/>\nThe spontaneous combustion of PH<sub>3<\/sub> is the technical use of Holme&#8217;s signal.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 20.<br \/>\nWhich chemical compound is formed in the brown ring test of nitrate ions ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIn the brown ring test of nitrate salts a brown ring is formed. It&#8217;s formula is [Fe(H<sub>2<\/sub>O)<sub>5<\/sub>NO]<sup>+2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Question 21.<br \/>\nWhy does NH<sub>3<\/sub> act as a Lewis base ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNitrogen atom in NH<sub>3<\/sub> has one lone pair of electrons with is available for donation. Therefore, it acts as a Lewis base.<\/p>\n<p>Question 22.<br \/>\nWhy does NO<sub>2<\/sub> dimerise ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNO<sub>2<\/sub> contains of odd number of electrons. It behaves as a typical odd molecule. On dimerisation, it is converted to stable N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub> molecule with even number of electrons.<\/p>\n<p>Question 23.<br \/>\nWhy does PCl<sub>3<\/sub> fume in moisture ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPCl<sub>3<\/sub> hydrolyses in the presence of moisture giving fumes of HCl.<br \/>\nPCl<sub>3<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3<\/sub> + 3HCl<\/p>\n<p>Question 24.<br \/>\nAre all the five bonds in PCl<sub>5<\/sub> molecule equivalent ? Justify your answer.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPCl<sub>5<\/sub> has a trigonal bipyramidal structure and the three equatorial P-Cl bonds are equivalent. While the two axial bonds are different and longer than equatorial bonds.<\/p>\n<p>Question 25.<br \/>\nHow is nitric oxide (NO) prepared ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNitric oxide (NO) is prepared by the action of dilute nitric acid on copper.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24076\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-6.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 6\" width=\"371\" height=\"52\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 26.<br \/>\nExplain the following .<br \/>\na) reaction of alkali with red phosphorus.<br \/>\nb) reaction between PCl<sub>3<\/sub> and H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\na) Red phosphorus reacts with alkalies slowly and forms phosphine and hypophosphite.<br \/>\nP<sub>4<\/sub> + 3NaOH + 3 H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 PH<sub>3<\/sub> + 3 NaH<sub>2<\/sub> PO<sub>2<\/sub><br \/>\nb) PCl<sub>3<\/sub> is hydrolysed by water and gives H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3<\/sub><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24077\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-7.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 7\" width=\"277\" height=\"55\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 27.<br \/>\nWrite the oxidation states of phosphorus in solid PCl<sub>5<\/sub>.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIn solid state PCl<sub>5<\/sub> exists as an ionic solid [PCl<sub>4<\/sub>)<sup>+<\/sup> [PCl<sub>6<\/sub>]<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8216;P&#8217; exhibits +5 oxidation state in [PCl<sub>4<\/sub>)<sup>+<\/sup> and [PCl<sub>6<\/sub>]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 28.<br \/>\nIllustrate how copper metal can give different products on reaction with HNO<sub>3<\/sub>.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24078\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-8.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 8\" width=\"535\" height=\"183\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 29.<br \/>\nH<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>2<\/sub> is a good reducing agent &#8211; Explain with an example.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIn H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>2<\/sub>, two H-atoms are bonded directly to P-atom which imparts reducing character to the acid.<\/p>\n<p>Question 30.<br \/>\nNH<sub>3<\/sub> forms hydrogen bonds but PH<sub>3<\/sub> does not &#8211; Why ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNH<sub>3<\/sub> forms hydrogen bonds but PH<sub>3<\/sub> does not.<br \/>\nReason : Ammonia forms hydrogen bonds because it is a polar molecule and N-H bond is highly polar. Nitrogen has more electronegativity than phosphorus. In case of PH<sub>3<\/sub>, P-H bond polarity decreases.<\/p>\n<p>Question 31.<br \/>\nPH<sub>3<\/sub> has lower boiling point than NH<sub>3<\/sub>. Why ?<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nUnlike NH<sub>3<\/sub>, PH<sub>3<\/sub> molecules are not associated through inter molecular hydrogen bonding. That is why the boiling point of PH<sub>3<\/sub> is lower than NH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Long Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nHow is ammonia manufactured by Haber&#8217;s process ? Explain the reactions of ammonia with<br \/>\na) ZnSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub><br \/>\nb) CuSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub><br \/>\nc) AgCl<sub>(s)<\/sub> (TS Mar. &#8217;17 IPE 2015(AP))<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nIn Haber process ammonia is directly synthesised from elements (nitrogen and hydrogen). The principle involved in this is<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24079\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-9.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 9\" width=\"340\" height=\"36\" \/><br \/>\nThis is a reversible exothermic reaction.<br \/>\nAccording to Le Chatelier&#8217;s principle favourable conditions for the better yield of ammonia are low temperature and high pressure. But the optimum conditions are :<br \/>\nTemperature : 720k<br \/>\nPressure : 200 atmospheres<br \/>\nCatalyst: Finely divided iron in the presence of molybdenum (Promoter).<br \/>\nProcedure : A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen in the volume ratio 1 : 3 is heated to 725 &#8211; 775K at a pressure of 200 atmospheres is passed over hot finely divided iron mixed with small amount of molybdenum as promotor. The gases coming out of the catalyst chamber consists of 10 &#8211; 20% ammonia. Gases are cooled and compressed, so that ammonia gas is liquified and the uncondensed gases are sent for recirculation.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24080\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-10.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 10\" width=\"691\" height=\"268\" \/><br \/>\na) Aq. ZnSO<sub>4<\/sub> reacts with ammonia aqueous solution to form white ppt of Zinc hydroxide.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24081\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-11.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 11\" width=\"567\" height=\"260\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nHow is nitric acid manufactured by Ostwald&#8217;s process ? How does it react with the following ? (A.P. Mar. &#8217;17)<br \/>\na) Copper<br \/>\nb) Zn<br \/>\nc) S<sub>8<\/sub><br \/>\nd) P<sub>4<\/sub><br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nOstwald&#8217;s process : Ammonia, mixed with air in 1 : 7 or 1 : 8, when passed over a hot platinum gauze catalyst, is oxidised to NO mostly (about 95%).<br \/>\nThe reaction is<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24082\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-6a-Group-15-Elements-12.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 6(a) Group-15 Elements 12\" width=\"308\" height=\"82\" \/><br \/>\nThe liberated heat keeps the catalyst hot. The \u2019NO&#8217; is cooled and is mixed with oxygen to give the dioxide, in large empty towers (oxidation chamber). The product is then passed into warm water, under pressure in the presence of excess of air, to give HNO<sub>3<\/sub>.<br \/>\n4NO<sub>2<\/sub> + O<sub>2<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 4HNO<sub>3<\/sub>.<br \/>\nThe acid formed is about 61% concentrated.<\/p>\n<p>a) Copper reacts with dil. HNO<sub>3<\/sub> and cone. HNO<sub>3<\/sub> and liberates Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen dioxide respectively<br \/>\n3 Cu + 5 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (dil) \u2192 3 Cu (NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 NO + 4 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nCu + 4 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (conc.) \u2192 Cu (NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 NO<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p>b) Zn reacts with dil. HNO<sub>3<\/sub> and Cone. HNO<sub>3<\/sub> and liberates Nitrous oxide and Nitrogen<br \/>\ndioxide respectively.<br \/>\n4 Zn + 10 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (dil) \u2192 4 Zn (NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> + 5 H<sub>2<\/sub>O + N<sub>2<\/sub>O.<br \/>\nZn + 4 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (conc.) \u2192 Zn (NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 H<sub>2<\/sub>O + 2 NO<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>c) S<sub>8<\/sub> reacts with cone, nitric acid to form Sulphuric acid, NO<sub>2<\/sub> gas.<br \/>\nS<sub>8<\/sub> + 48 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 8 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> + 48 NO<sub>2<\/sub> + 16 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\nd) P<sub>4<\/sub> reacts with cone, nitric acid to form phosphoric acid and NO<sub>2<\/sub> gas.<br \/>\nP<sub>4<\/sub> + 20 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u2192 4 H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub> + 20 NO<sub>2<\/sub> + 4 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Students get through AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Lesson 6(a) Group-15 Elements which are most likely to be asked in the exam. AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Lesson 6(a) Group-15 Elements Very Short Answer Questions Question 1. Nitrogen molecule is highly stable &#8211; Why? (IPE 2014) Answer: The nitrogen Molecule is &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35355"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35356,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35355\/revisions\/35356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}