AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions 8th Lesson Combustion, Fuels and Flame

8th Class Physical Science 8th Lesson Combustion, Fuels and Flame 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by combustion?
Answer:
A chemical process in which a material reacts with oxygen present in air to generate heat is called combustion.

Question 2.
What is ignition temperature?
Answer:
The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire is called ignition temperature.

AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

Question 3.
What are inflammable substances? Give examples.
Answer:
The substance which have very low ignition temperature easily catch fire are called inflammable substances, e.g.: Petrol, alcohol, LPG, etc.

Question 4.
What is explosion?
Answer:
A chemical reaction takes place with the evolution of heat, light, sound and large amount of gas is called explosion.

Question 5.
What is calorific value? What is its unit?
Answer:
Calorific value of a fuel is the amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of that fuel.
It is measured in kilo joules per kg. (kJ/kg)

Question 6.
Which zone of a flame does a goldsmith use for melting gold and silver and why?
Answer:
The goldsmith would use outermost zone for melting gold and silver because it is hottest zone due to complete combustion.

Question 7.
Explain how CO2 is able to control fires?
Answer:
When CO2 released from the cylinder on fire, it expands enormously in volume and cools down. So, it is not only forms a blanket around fire, it also brings down the temperature of fuel. That is why it is an excellent fire extinguisher.

AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

Question 8.
Paper by itself catches fire easily whereas a piece of paper wrapped around an aluminium pipe does not ?
Answer:
When you heat a piece of paper wrapped around an aluminium pipe the heat is taken up by aluminium pipe so the paper does not reach its ignition temperature.

Question 9.
Can the process of rusting be called combustion? Discuss.
Answer:
Rusting of Iron is a combustion reaction. Combustion is a process in which elements combine with oxygen. During formation of rust iron atoms combine oxygen in the air forming iron oxides or rust.

Question 10.
Name the products formed when a candle burns in air.
Answer:
The products formed are carbondioxide and water because wax is mixture of hydrocarbons.

8th Class Physical Science 8th Lesson Combustion, Fuels and Flame 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are combustible and non combustible materials and give examples for them?
Answer:
Combustible materials:
The materials which burn when brought near a flame are called combustible materials, e.g. : Petrol, diesel, kerosene, etc.
Non-combustible materials:
The materials which do not burn when brought near a flame are called non-combustible materials, e.g.: Pebbles, sand, clay, iron, etc.

AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

Question 2.
What are the different types of combustion and define them?
Answer:
Combustion is two types.

  1. Spontaneous combustion:
    The type of combustion in which material suddenly bursts into flames without the application of apparent cause is called spontaneous combustion.
  2. Rapid combustion:
    The type of combustion in which materials burns rapidly and produce heat and light is called rapid combustion.

Question 3.
What are the different zones present in a candles and what are the colours of those zones?
Answer:
There are three zones in a candle.

  1. Outermost zone: This is the hottest part which is in blue colour.
  2. Middle zone: This is moderately hot part which is in yellow colour.
  3. Dark zone: This is least hot part which is in black colour.

Question 4.
In an experiment 4.5 kg of a fuel was completely burnt. The heat produced was measured to be 1,80,000 KJ. Calculate the calorific value of fuel?
Answer: The mass of fuel = 4.5 kg
The heat produced = 1,80,000 KJ
heat produced 1,80,000
The calorific value of fuel = \(\frac{\text { heat produced }}{\text { mass of the fuel }}\) = \(\frac{1,80,000}{4.5}\) = 40,000 KJ/Kg
mass of the fuel 4.5

AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

Question 5.
LPG is better domestic fuel than wood?
Answer:

  1. On burning wood it produces lot of smoke and also complete burning does not takes place whereas LPG undergo complete combustion so does not produce smoke.
  2. Due to incomplete combustion wood produce harmful gas like carbon monoxide whereas LPG does not produce carbon monoxide.
  3. Wood has high ignition temperature so does not burn immediately whereas LPG has low ignition temperature burns easily.

Question 6.
How do you appreciate use of fossil fuels in daily life?
Answer:
We are depend upon fossil fuels for our daily needs like cooking, transportation, running machinery and producing electricity, etc. Everywhere we go there is use of fossil fuel. Without fossil/fuels we may be in stone age. So the use of fossil fuels in daily life should be thoroughly appreciated.

Question 7.
What would happen if oxygen stops to support combustion? – Make a guess. And if it is the situation for what other fuels are useful?
Answer:
If oxygen stops to support combustion there is no other gas which will support combustion. Then fossil fuels are not useful in producing heat, energy and electricity.
So we should have to prefer alternative sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc. for our energy needs.

Question 8.
Let us assume that you are on the moon. If you try to focus sun light on a paper using magnifying glass, does the paper catch fire? or not? Why?
Answer:
No, moon reflects entire sunlight that falls on the surface because it acts as perfect reflector. Whereas earth is also acts as reflector but green house gases present in atmosphere absorbing the sunlight and resending on earth. So paper can be burnt on earth by using magnifying glass but it is not possible on moon.

AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

Question 9.
Why does tap water is not used to control fire involving electrical equipment ?
Answer:

  1. Tap water cannot be used to control the fire involving electric equipment because it is a good conductor of electricity.
  2. It conducts electricity resulting in electrical shock to the user.

Question 10.
Explain how carbon dioxide is able to control fires.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, being heavier than oxygen, covers the fire like blanket and also brings down the temperature of fuel. Since the contact between the fuel and oxygen is cut off the fire comes under control.

8th Class Physical Science 8th Lesson Combustion, Fuels and Flame 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How does candle works?
Answer:

  1. A candle is mainly a source of light and heat.
  2. A candle is made of wax in which a thick thread inserted wax in the candle melts when it is lighted by a match stick.
  3. A little of wax forms vapour.
  4. This vapour combines with oxygen in the air to form flame.
  5. The heat of the flame melts more of the wax from the top of the candle.
  6. The melted liquid wax moves upward through the thread. It also changes to vapour when it reaches the top of the wick and byrns with the flame.

8th Class Physical Science 8th Lesson Combustion, Fuels and Flame Important Questions and Answers

AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Combustion, Fuels and Flame

Question 1.
Spirit burns quickly like petrol but sodium metal and white phosphorous burns without any ignition.
Complete the following table and rewrite it in the table.

Rapid combustible substances Spontaneous combustible substances

Answer:

Rapid combustible substances Spontaneous combustible substances
1)  Material burns rapidly and produce heat and light.

2)   Spirit burns quickly.

3)   Petrol burns quickly.

1)  Material suddenly bursts into flames without the application of apparent cause.

2)   Sodium burns without any ignition.

3)   Phosphorous burns without any ignition.

Question 2.

Fuel Calorific Value (K.J / Kg)
Cow dung 6,000 – 8,000
Coal 25,000 – 30,000
Petrol, Diesel 45,000
LPG 55,000
Hydrogen 1,50,000

Answer the following questions.
i) Name the fuel having highest calorific value.
ii) How much heat energy is released when one kg of petrol burnt?
iii) Name two fuels which causes less pollution.
iv) Mention any one of the alternate energy source which is not mentioned in the above table.
Answer:
i) Hydrogen
ii) 45,000 Kilo Joules
iii) Hydrogen, L.P.G
iv) Solar power, Gobar gas, Wind power, Bio-diesel.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 1st Lesson Our Earth in the Solar System Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 1st Lesson Our Earth in the Solar System

6th Class Social Studies 1st Lesson Our Earth in the Solar System Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
How does a planet differ from a star?
Answer:
Stars have their own heat and light and planets have to depend on stars for light and heat.

Question 2.
What is meant by the ‘Solar system’?
Answer:
The eight planets which revolve around the sun, satellites and other celestial bodies are together known as‘Solar System’.

Question 3.
Why is life not possible on all planets?
Answer:
The Earth has all the three components such as lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere which makes life possible. The remaining planets do not consist of these components. So life is not possible on all planets.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Question 4.
Why do we always see only one side of the moon?
Answer:
The moon moves around the earth and spin on its own also. So we can see only one side of the moon always.

Question 5.
What is the Universe?
Answer:
Millions of Milkyway galaxies including the solar system together is called the Universe.

Question 6.
Air and water are essential to life on the earth. But now they are being polluted by humans. What happens to the life of humans on this earth if pollution increases further?
Answer:
Pollution contains toxins that adversely impact living creatures within them. Rising pollution will lead to premature aging. Human exposure to toxins will increase to a great extent if pollution is not controlled. This pollution is directly linked to cancer and heart diseases.

Question 7.
Scientists are now trying to explore more about the moon and other planets. Do you think their efforts benefit us?
Answer:
The efforts of scientists in exploring the moon and other planets definitely useful to us. Space exploration alone provides us a significant amount of knowledge which is important for the education of people also about our planet and universe. It increases the knowledge about space and the discovery of distant planets and galaxies and gives us an insight into the beginnings of our universe.

Question 8.
Observe figure 1.4 (text book Page No. 5) and fill in the table.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System 2
Answer:

SI. No Name of the Planet Distance from the Sun in Kilometres No. of Moons
1. Mercury 58,000,000
2. Venus 108,000,000
3. Earth 150,000,000 1
4. Mars 228,000,000 2
5. Jupiter 778,000,000 79
6. Saturn 1,427,000,000 82
7. Uranus 2,869,000,000 27
8. Neptune 4,496,000,000 14

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Project Work

Prepare a model of the solar system.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Choose the correct answer.
1. Though tremendous heat is emitted by the Sun, why do we receive only limited heat?
A) Sun is very far from the Earth
B) Sun is very small when compared with the Earth
C) Sun is very close to the Earth
D) None of these
Answer:
A) Sun is very far from the Earth

2. The planet is known as the “Earth’s Twin” is
A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Venus
D) Aries
Answer:
C) Venus

3. Which is the third nearest planet to the sun?
A) Venus
B) Earth
C) Mercury
D) Jupiter
Answer:
B) Earth

4. All the planets move around the Sun in a
A) Circular path
B) Rectangular path
C) Elongated path
D) Square path
Answer:
C) Elongated path

5. Asteroids are found in between the orbits of
A) Saturn and Jupiter
B) Mars and Jupiter
C) The Earth and Mars
D) Uranus & Neptune
Answer:
B) Mars and Jupiter

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Match the following:

1. Blue Planet                        [ ]          a) Mars
2. Farthest Planet to Sun       [ ]          b) Neptune
3. Fourth Planet from Sun     [ ]          c) Mercury
4. Nearest Planet to Sun       [ ]          d) Earth
Answer:
1. Blue Planet                            [ D ]          a) Mars
2. Farthest Planet to Sun           [ B ]          b) Neptune
3. Fourth Planet from Sun         [ A ]          c) Mercury
4. Nearest Planet to Sun           [ C ]           d) Earth

Let’s do

Solve the puzzle with the terms defined in the following statements.

CROSS:

  1. The cluster of millions of Stars. – Galaxy
  2. The natural satellite of the Earth. – Moon
  3. The ringed planet (See figure 1.4). – Saturn
  4. The sphere of water. – Hydrosphere
  5. The celestial object is made up of a head and a tail. – Comet

DOWN:

  1. The shape of the Earth. – Geoid
  2. The closest star to the earth. – Sun
  3. The path of the planets that move around the Sun. – Orbit
  4. The sphere of gases that surrounds the Earth. – Atmosphere
  5. The small pieces of celestial bodies, move around the Sun between Mars and Jupiter.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System 1
Answer:

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System 4

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Let’s do

You might have heard that people make human chains and run for world peace etc. You can also make a Solar system and run for fun by using the following steps.
Step – 1: All children of your class can play this game. Assemble in a big hall or on a playground.
Step – 2: Now draw eight circles on the ground. Draw all circles in the same manner.
Step – 3: Prepare 10 placards. Name them as Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Step – 4: Select 10 children in the following order and give each one of them a placard.
Order of placard distribution

  • The Sun – tallest, The Moon – smallest; Mercury, Mars, Venus, and Earth(almost equal heights); Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, and Jupiter taller than the earlier four Planets but smaller than the Sun.
  • Now ask the children holding placards to take their places with the Sun in the cent rein their orbits. Ask the child holding the Moon placard to keep the hand of the child holding the Earth placard always.
  • Now your Solar system is almost ready to go into action.
  • Now make everybody move slowly in the anti-clockwise direction. Your class has turned into a small human replica of the Solar system.
  • While moving in your orbit you can also turn around. For every celestial body, the spin should be anti-clockwise except for Venus and Uranus who will make the spin in the clockwise direction.

Answer:
Student Activity.

Field Visit

Question 1.
Observe the video of Planetarium in the QR Code. Describe your experiences.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System 3
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 2.
Visit SHAR which is located in SPSR Nellore District.
Answer:
Student Activity.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

6th Class Social Studies 1st Lesson Our Earth in the Solar System InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

(Textbook Page No. 3)

Question 1.
To know how days and nights occur
Answer:
Let us observe celestial bodies:
Required material: Torch, a sheet of plain paper, pencil and a needle.
Process:

  1. Place the torch in the centre of the paper with its glass front touching the paper.
  2. Now draw a circle around the torch.
  3. Perforate the paper with the needle within the circled area.
  4. Now place the perforated circle part of the paper on the glass front and wrap the paper around the torch with a rubber band.
  5. In a dark room, stand at some distance facing a plain wall. Switch off all other lights. Now flash the torchlight on the wall. You will see numerous dots of light on the wall, which look like stars at night.
  6. Switch on all the lights in the room. All dots of light will be almost invisible.
  7. You may now compare the situation with what happens to the bright objects of the night sky after the Sun rises in the morning.

Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 2.
Observe the following picture and name the planets in the boxes given below. (Textbook Page No. 6)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System 5
Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System 6

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Think and Respond

Question 1.
From ancient times people worship the Sim as God. Give reasons. (Textbook Page No. 4)
Answer:
Sun is glorified in the Vedas of ancient India as an all-seeing god who observes both good and evil victims. The Sun is the source of all life on our planet. Without the Sun we couldn’t be here. Sun is the only natural source of energy. So people in ancient times treated the Sun as a god and we worship him.

Question 2.
What do animals and plants require in order to grow and survive? (Textbook Page No. 6)
Answer:
To grow and survive animals need air, water, food and shelter. To grow and survive plants require air, water, nutrients and light.

Question 3.
How can you say that our earth is a unique planet in the solar system? (Textbook Page No. 7)
Answer:
Earth is a unique planet for many reasons. They are:

  1. Earth is the only planet that supports animal or plants life.
  2. Earth’s location maintains the right temperature which is important for life forms.
  3. Human beings in-universe is found only on the Earth,

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Question 4.
How is man-made satellites useful to mankind? Discuss. (Textbook Page No. 9)
Answer:
A satellite is an object that orbits another object. They are natural and man-made. Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. Satellites are used for many purposes. They are weather satellites, communication satellites, navigation satellites, astronomy satellites and many other kinds.

  1. They are used for communication purposes.
  2. Carry instruments or passengers to perform experiments in space.
  3. For weather forecasting system.
  4. For global positioning system. (GPS).

Question 5.
Can you relate yourself to the Universe now? You are on the Earth and the Earth is a part of the Solar system. Our Solar system is a part of the Milky Way or Galaxy which is part of the Universe. Think of the fact that the Universe contains millions of such galaxies. How do you fit in the picture? How tiny you are? Think a while. (Textbook Page No. 11)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System 7
Answer:
Student Activity.

Explore

Question 1.
Browse the following website and know more about the solar system. (Textbook Page No. 5) https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/solarsystem/.
Answer:
Student Activity.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Question 2.
Up to 2006, there were 9 planets in our Solar system. But now we have only 8 planets. What was the 9th planet? What happened to it? Find out the reasons with the help of your teacher? (Textbook Page No. 6)
Answer:
Up to 2006, we considered there are 9 planets in our solar system.
They are:

  1. Mercury,
  2. Venus,
  3. Earth,
  4. Mars,
  5. Jupiter,
  6. Saturn,
  7. Uranus,
  8. Neptune,
  9. Pluto.

In 2006 the International Astronomical Union decided that Pluto is not having the technical qualities of a planet and reduced the number of planets from 9 to 8.

Question 3.
Who is the first Indian astronaut to go into space? (Textbook Page No. 8)
Answer:
Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian Astronaut to travel into space. He was part of the Soviet Union’s Soyuz T-11 expedition, which was launched on April 2, 1984.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth in the Solar System

Question 4.
Have you heard of Chandrayan-1 and Chandrayan-2? Try to know about them and discuss in class. (Textbook Page No. 8)
Answer:
Chandrayaan is India’s moon mission. Chandra means the moon and yarn is a vehicle. Chandrayaan means Lunar Space Craft.
Chandrayaan -1 was India’s first moon mission. Chandrayaan -1 was launched in 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
Chandrayaan – 2 is the second moon mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It was launched in September 2019 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life

6th Class Social Studies 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
List out the products of the forests?
Answer:
Fruits, edible roots and tubers, nuts, seeds, leaves, honey, wild grains, medicinal herbs, fungi and other natural products.

Question 2.
What do you know about nomadic life?
Answer:
A nomad is someone who lived by travelling from place to place. The nomadic lifestyle is likely the oldest form of human society. Nomads generally move from place to place depending upon variables such as climate, season, water availability, food and movement of animal herds.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Question 3.
How do we use fire today?
Answer:
Today, we use fire

  1. to cook food,
  2. to heat the water
  3. for making steam from coal and water
  4. for moulding metals
  5. in rituals,
  6. in agriculture for clearing land,
  7. generating heat and light and many more.

Question 4.
Prepare a list of the food items eaten by the early people and the modern people. Do you notice any similarities or differences?
Answer:

Early people Modern people
Similarities:
Fruits Fruits
Edible roots and tubers Edible roots and tubers
Nuts Nuts
Seeds Seeds
Leaves Leaves
Honey Honey
Differences:
Wild grains Cooked grains
Raw meat Cooked meat
Fishes (uncooked) Cooked fish
Eggs (uncooked) Cooked eggs
Milk Boiled milk

Question 5.
“The earliest human life became easier by domesticating animals and plants” Do you agree or not? Support your answer.
Answer:
Yes. We can say that the lives of the earliest humans became easier on domesticating animals because.

  1. They will provide them with food.
  2. They help them in pulling cars.
  3. They are trustful so they can protect them from other animals also.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Question 6.
If there is no grinding stone, how would it affect our food habits?
Answer:
It would be a little tough for us to have food without a grinding stone. But still, we should remember our ancestors – the primitive humans, they had no grinding stone. But they survived. Instead of eating cooked items, we could eat fruits and vegetables. Our diet would completely consist of plants. We would be more conscious of plants and how to save them since they were our main diet.
But I can say cooking would be difficult without any stone or grinder.

Question 7.
What tools do you use for cutting fruits? What would they be made of?
Answer:
To cut fruits generally, I use a knife. They are made of iron or steel.

Question 8.
Where did the early people store food grains?
Answer:
The early people used large clay pots or woven baskets or fig pits into the ground to store food grains.

Question 9.
List out three ways in which the present lives of farmers and herders are different from that of the early people.
Answer:

  1. Hunter-gatherers kept travelling from place to place whereas farmers had to live at the same place for longer periods of time to take care of their crops.
  2. Hunter-gatherers depended on the meat of wild animals whereas farmers and herders used plants, crops and cattle.
  3. Hunter-gatherers did not have any settled life whereas farmers and herders gradually …… settled in huts, pit houses.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Question 10.
How did the lifestyle of farmer-herders lead to early civilisations?
Answer:
Farmer herders learnt to plant the seeds they wanted and grow them for food. They attracted animals by leaving food for them. These animals provided them milk, meat and carried loads. They protected them from wild animals. They stayed in a place for a long time taking care of the plants. They learned storing methods of food. So, people began to settle down inconvenient places for a long time. They built houses. They developed new kinds of tools made of stone. Toolmakers created better farming tools. These communities extended to different parts. In this way, the lifestyle of farmer- herders lead to early civilisations.

Question 11.
Locate the following Rock Art Sites on the map of Andhra Pradesh.
A) Chintakunta
B) Adoni
C) Kavali
D) Naidupalli
E) Velpumadugu
F) Srikalahasti
Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life 1

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Project Work

Question 1.
Collect the information about rock painting sites. Write a report and exhibit it in your class.
Answer:
Recently I visited rock painting caves in Akkampalle Village in the Kurnool district with my parents. There are three sites to see. Of the three sites, one is a painted rock shelter locally known as “Mosalla-gundu” (‘Boulder of Crocodiles’), while the remaining two are naturally formed rock caves. Artworks found within the caves reflect the life, culture, traits and beliefs of the era.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life 2
The Boulder of Crocodiles is open on three sides towards the west, north and south, and contains a large number of paintings. The first crocodile is large in size compared with the other two. These paintings may be assigned to the Mesolithic period due to the nature of their depictions and application of red-ochre colour.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life 3
The second cave is a natural rock cave facing north and situated south of the Boulder of Crocodiles. The cave was intentionally closed on three sides with huge boulders, which might have been to offer protection from the cold winds and other natural hazards. The inner face of the cave is decorated with vertical strips of white lime coating.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life 4
The final cave is a natural formation facing towards the north, which appears to have been used for the purpose of dwelling. Its three sides – east, west, and south – are closed off with huge boulders of quartzite. There is a roughly rectangular area with uneven natural bedrock as its floor.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Question 2.
Collect some pictures of ancient people and prepare an album.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Question 1.
List out the activities of early people in the below pictures? (Textbook Page No. 54)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life 5
Answer:

Fig. – 1

  1. People fetching an animal for food.
  2. Women planting seeds.
  3. Man searching for something in bushes.

Fig. – 2

  1. People fetching an animal for food.
  2. The man was polishing a leather.
  3. Man trying to lit a fire with rocks,
  4. A man is frying food on fire.

Question 2.
List the items that you eat which are not grown but collected from the wild. (Textbook Page No. 55)
Answer:
Honey, tamarind, wood apple, nuts, berries, apricot and spices.

Question 3.
Apart from food, list out the other things that we get from the animals. (Textbook Page No. 60)
Answer:
Wool from sheep, silk from the silkworm, pearls from oyster, leather products from snakes, buffalo etc.,

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Question 4.
Make a list of animals and birds that are reared in your area. (Textbook Page No. 60)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life 6
Answer:
Animals: cow, buffalo, ox, dog, ass, horse, cat and rabbit.
Birds: Peacock, pigeon, parrot.

Think and Respond

Question 1.
How did the early people discover fire? Discuss with your teacher and write. (Textbook Page No. 55)
Answer:
Perhaps someone discovered fire while making a stone tool. When stones are rubbed or struck against each other, sparks can be seen. Strike means to hit very hard These sparks can start a fire. Maybe, once the sparks set fire to some dry grass or wood nearby. Or, perhaps some people saw a forest fire. When the fire was over they found many wild animals burnt in it. They also probably tasted a piece of the burnt meat and liked the new taste.
The discovery of fire changed the lives of the people forever.

Question 2.
How does the changing climate affect human life at present? Discuss with your teacher, friends and write.
(Textbook Page No. 58)
Answer:
Human health has always been influenced by climate and weather. Changes in climate patterns result in crop loss or drastically reduced yield. Hence more agriculturists are moving away from agriculture to other occupations which are less reliant on climate. The rise in ocean levels has forced people who live by the coastline, to move inwards and pursue other places.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Question 3.
How did the early humans become herders? (Textbook Page No. 58)
Answer:
People say that they could attract tame animals by leaving food for them. The first animal to be tamed was the ancestor of the dog. They started rearing sheep, goats, cattle, etc. that lived in herds and most of them eat grass! People often protected these animals from being attracted by other wild animals. This is how they became herders.

Question 4.
How can you say the rearing of animals paved the way to a settled life of the early humans? (Textbook Page No. 59)
Answer:
As early humans started farming, they realized that seeds will take time to grow. For this, the early man realized that he has stayed in that place for a long time. He realized that he has to take care of the plants, watering them and protecting them from birds and animals.
Besides, he realized that animals will get multiplied if they are taken care of. He realised that he will get milk and meat from them.
For these reasons, early humans began to settle down inconvenient places for a long time.

Question 5.
Compare the lifestyle of the modern farmers with the early farmers-herders.
Answer:

Modern farmer Early farmers-herders
1. They are enjoying settled life. 1. They enjoyed nomadic life.
2. They market the surplus food. 2. They shared the food among the group.
3. They receive government help during the time of famines/natural calamities. 3. They received no help during the time of famines/natural calamities.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Early Life to Settled Life

Question 6.
What will happen if we don’t store food grains? (Textbook Page No. 59)
Answer:
Grains had to be stored for food and seeds. If we don’t store them scarcity arises and there will be no grains to put in the fields.

Question 7.
Prepare a list of articles that are using for cooking and storing in modern days. (Textbook Page No. 61)
Answer:
For cooking, we use gas stoves or electric induction stoves. For- storing we use refrigeration, vacuum packaging, pasteurisation, canning and irradiation.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms – Andhra Pradesh

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 4th Lesson Land Forms – Andhra Pradesh Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 4th Lesson Land Forms – Andhra Pradesh

6th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson Land Forms – Andhra Pradesh Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
What is a landform?
Answer:
The ups and downs, uneven slopes on the surface of the earth is called a landform.

Question 2.
Into how many categories landforms can be divided?
Answer:
Landforms can be divided into mountains, plateaus, and plains depending upon their elevation and slope.

Question 3.
How is the delta formed?
Answer:
Before joining the sea, a river divides into a large number of small streams. Before joining the sea the water slows down and can’t carry the sediment which forms the delta.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Question 4.
Why do plain areas have dense settlements?
Answer:
Plains are suitable for building houses and cultivation. Because of fertile soil, the land is highly productive and transportation is also easy in plains. So plains have dense settlements.

Question 5.
Compare the various types of soils that prevailed in different landforms.
Answer:

Plains Plateau Mountains
Alluvial soils Deep and Fertile Red and saline soils.
Saline soils have a high content of lime and salts.
Lava Plateaus are rich in black soil that is fertile.
Soils are uneven and sloped Red and Rocky soil.

Question 6.
Why did the government declare some mandals as drought-hit?
Answer:
Drought means a long period where there is little or no rain. In plateau regions, rains are very little and unreliable. Because of low rainfall, farmers lost their crops. To aid them the government declares some mandals as drought-hit.

Question 7.
“Physical and climate feature determine the economic activities of a region”. Explain.
Answer:
Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth. People living in the plains depend on agriculture. Because of fertile soil, this region is highly productive. As transportation is also easy the plain regions have more economic activities than plateau and mountain regions. Plateau regions have fewer economic activities because of low rainfall. This region has an underlying influence on the people who live here. In hilly regions people completely depend on rainfall and transportation is also not easy in this region. When compared to the plain region hilly region is also underlying influence upon the people there. So we can say physical and climatic feature determines the economic activities of a region.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Question 8.
Are all the lands in your village agriculturally productive? If not give reasons.
Answer:
All the lands in my village are agriculturally productive.

Question 9.
Do you think it is important to preserve the lifestyle of tribals – Why?
Answer:
I think that it is important to preserve the lifestyle of tribals because they do not destroy the forests they use. Their lifestyle is also ecofriendly. If they follow the lifestyle of the people who live in plains they too destroy the forests. This will lead to low rainfall in hilly areas also. They possess good knowledge of forest which leads to more productivity of forest products. They take care of the environment in a lot of ways than expected.

Question 10.
Why kitchen garden is more important for the tribal people?
Answer:
Tribal people do not have daily markets. They can’t go to the nearby cities and towns for essential commodities like vegetables. They may not have good transportation also. So, kitchen gardening is important for them as they grow vegetables in their backyards.

Question 11.
Why agriculture is a profitable trade in plains? Explain.
Answer:
The fertile soils in the plains are very deep and fertile. The alluvial soils are deposited as sediments. Using machines in cultivation is easy in plains. Rivers in plains forms deltas that are fertile. Underground water is also an added advantage in plains. They can cultivate two or three crops in a year. Good transportation facilities are available in plains. Produce can be easily transported to the markets. So, agriculture is a profitable trade in plains.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Fill in the blanks:

12. The highest peak in eastern ghats is ………….. (Armakonda)
13. Large part of …………… is located in the Deccan plateau. (Rayalaseema)
14. In plain areas ………….. crop is extensively cultivated. (Paddy)
15. Hills of eastern ghats are composed of …………… (Charnockites and Khondalite rocks)
16. In hilly areas people fetch water from …………. (natural springs or down streams of downhills)
17. ………….. soils have a high content of lime and salts. (Saline)
18. Plain areas receive rainfall in …………….. (June to October)

Choose the correct answer.

19. Plateaus are rich in ………..
A) Vegetables
B) Minerals
C) Population
D) Crops
Answer:
B) Minerals

20. Black soils are fertile and good for …………..
A) Cotton
B) Millets
C) Vegetables
D) Wheat
Answer:
A) Cotton

21. There are …………… districts in coastal Andhra Pradesh.
A) 6
B) 4
C) 9
D) 5
Answer:
C) 9

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

22. …………………………………
A) Rayalaseema
B) Coastal Andhra
C) Northern Andhra
D) Deccan Plateau
Answer:
A) Rayalaseema

23. Fill this table with appropriate information.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh 1
Answer:

Feature Plain Plateau Mountains or hills
Soils Fertile and Alluvial black soil Red soil with little nutrients Red and Rocky soils
Crops Paddy and cash crops Orchards Coffee
Rainfall Above Average Rainfall Below Average rainfall Average Rainfall
Occupation Agriculture Agriculture Shifting Agriculture

Project Work

1. Make a poster of landforms.
Answer:
Student Activity.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

2. Make the day moulds of different landforms.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson Land Forms – Andhra Pradesh InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

(Textbook Page No. 44)

Question 1.
The names of Coastal Districts from North to South.
Answer:

  1. Srikakulam,
  2. Vizianagaram,
  3. Visakhapatnam,
  4. East Godavari,
  5. West Godavari,
  6. Krishna,
  7. Guntur,
  8. Prakasam and
  9. Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District.

Question 2.
The names of Rayalaseema Districts:
Answer:

  1. Kurnool,
  2. Anantapur,
  3. YSR Kadapa and
  4. Chittoor Districts.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Question 3.
Write your village/town/city name:
Answer:
Student Activity
Ex: Mandal: Giddalur
District: Prakasam
Neighbouring districts to your district: Kurnool, YSR Kadapa, SPS Nellore, Prakasam
Districts
Neighbouring state to your districts: Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Telangana.
(Note: Students can write their own districts and their Neighbouring districts & States)

Think and Respond

(Textbook Page No. 41)

Question 1.
List out the landforms from the below picture?
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh 2
Answer:

  1. Mountain,
  2. Plateau and
  3. Plain are the landforms in the above picture.

Question 2.
Name the landforms around your village/town?
Answer:
Mountains, Plateau and Plains are the landforms that are found around our village.

(Textbook Page No. 42)

Question 3.
“The construction of a road is easy in plain areas”- Give the reason.
Answer:
Plains are level lands with flat surfaces. So it is easy to lay a road in plain areas.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Question 4.
Why plain areas are densely populated? Write two reasons.
Answer:
The plains are densely populated because:

  1. Plains are more suitable to construct buildings as well as cultivation.
  2. Transport facilities are plenty.

Question 5.
Generally, the villages located in plains will have good employment and standard of living. Why?
Answer:
Plains in villages are fertile. They have plenty of water resources. Canals, underground water facilities are available in plains. They can use modern agricultural equipment also. So the production is also high. So, employment in agricultural activities is more. Transportation facilities are more and employment can be generated in this sector also. Construction of roads and buildings and for human inhabitation is suitable. So we can say that the villages located in plains will have good employment and standard of living.

Question 6.
Which type of soil is more suitable for cultivation?
Answer:
Fertile and alluvial black soils, nutrient soils and high water holding capacity soils are more suitable for crops.

Question 7.
Look at the pictures of a mountain, a plain and a plateau and identify which of them is similar to your region.
Answer:
Plateaus and plains are the landforms that are found in our region.

(Textbook Page No. 46)

Question 8.
Why hilly areas are suitable for plantation crops? Discuss with your Mends or teachers and write.
Answer:
In hilly areas, the soils are uneven and sloped. The soils in hilly areas are red and rocky. Due to their high elevation and the natural downward movement of water, the soils are well-drained. These soils are suitable for plantation crops like coffee and tea. For example, coffee is grown in the Araku valley in Andhra Pradesh.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Question 9.
Name some forest products.
Answer:
Honey, fruits, gum, tamarind and wood pulp are some of the forest products.

Question 10.
Have you visited any forests? If so describe your experiences.
Answer:
Recently I visited Maredumilli in the East Godavari district. It is located in the deep forest area of Eastern Ghats quiet away from the urban concrete jungle. Maredumalli nestled in green nature’s lap. It is a pleasant place to visit as it is good for its scenic beauty with trees and lovely waterfalls pretty close to one another.

(Textbook Page No. 48)

Question 11.
What are the major changes in the cropping pattern of the plateau region?
Answer:
Due to the insufficient availability of water, only one crop can be grown here. Farmers in this region are trying to overcome this problem with various types of irrigation methods. Millet crops like ragi, sama, varagu, korra and groundnut are grown. Sometimes paddy, sugarcane, and fruit orchards are sown in this region. At present farmers are trying mixed crops like red gram, maize with groundnut. Farmers are trying contour bunding and organic farming to improve the soil quality As water facilities are fewer farmers are growing sweet lime, sapota and mango. These orchards require water in some seasons only and give regular returns. Wherever water is available plantation crops like banana, papaya, guava and pomegranate are being cultivated. In this way, major changes came in cropping patterns in plateau region when compared to the olden days.

Question 12.
What are the problems we may face in, future by digging more bore wells? Find out and discuss the causes and possible solutions.
Answer:
The impact of bore wells includes scarcity of water, vanishing moisture in the soil as well as the fertility of the soil. More and more borewells in the same area may cause earthquakes.
We have to plant more trees, create small ponds, create small check dams, save rainwater, make water holding tanks to overcome this problem.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Question 13.
Compare the rainfall in the coastal plains and in the interior plateau.
Answer:
In regions closer to the coast, rainfall is heavy but in northern and western plateau regions, meagre rainfall is observed. During October and November, heavy rainfall occurs due to northeast monsoon winds.

(Textbook Page No. 49)

Question 14.
Name the main rivers that flow through the plains of Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Krishna and Godavari are the main rivers that flow through the plains of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 15.
What are the districts that come under the Krishna and Godavari deltas?
Answer:
Guntur, Krishna, West Godavari and East Godavari are the ‘districts that come under the Krishna and Godavari deltas.

Question 16.
Name the two main cities from where the two deltas begin. Find out the names of at least two rivers that join the Krishna river.
Answer:
Vijayawada and Rajahmundry are the two cities from where the two deltas begin. Ghataprabha River, Malaprabha River, Bhima River, Tungabhadra River are the rivers that join the Krishna river.

Question 17.
What are the reasons for the changes in cropping patterns?
Answer:
Farmers in plain areas change their cropping pattern towards cash crops and food crops. Some of the crops will make the soil fertile and the next will give high returns. Food crops like vegetables and fruits will give high returns. So they are changing the cropping pattern.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Land Forms - Andhra Pradesh

Question 18.
Why coastal deltas are rich in infertility?
Answer:
Because of floods, the soil in these areas will get fertile due to the continuous deposition of sediments by the rivers.

Question 19.
Why agriculture is a main occupation in the plain areas?
Answer:
Plain areas are gifts to agriculture and farmers. Agriculture is the main occupation in these areas. Because of the fertility of the soil, more than one crop can be cultivated here.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 3rd Lesson Maps Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 3rd Lesson Maps

6th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Maps Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
What are the components of a map?
Answer:
The components of the map are

  1. Directions,
  2. Scale,
  3. Symbols and
  4. Colours.

Question 2.
Why is the actual distance on the ground reduced on a map?
Answer:
It is impossible to draw a map showing actual distances. So we use ‘scale’ to show the actual distance on the ground in a reduced manner on a map.

Question 3.
Explain the need for symbols in preparing maps.
Answer:
Maps are too small for us to draw pictures of the things shown on them. For example, we can’t draw the real school or a bus stand or a tree as they will take too much space on the map. Therefore, we always show things with the help of symbols on the map.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

Question 4.
Find out the scale used in your district map to show the distance between your Mandal headquarter and district headquarter?
Answer:
Student Activity (One example is given for you).
Ex: Our mandal is Agiripalli. It is in the Krishna district. Our district headquarter is Machilipatnam.
On the map, the scale is given as 1 cm = 10 km.
The actual distance from Agiripalli to Machilipatnam is 83 km.
The distance between Agiripalli to Machilipatnam is 8.3 cms on the map.

Question 5.
How political maps are different from physical maps.
Answer:
Political maps show territorial features like country, cities, nations and their boundaries. A physical map indicates the natural features of a place like mountains, water bodies, plains etc.

Question 6.
What is the importance of thematic maps?
Answer:
A thematic map shows the spatial distribution of earth surface features. Thematic maps are used to display geographical concepts such as density, distribution, relative magnitudes, gradients, spatial relationships and movements. These maps focus on specific information like the map of rainfall, roads, tourist places etc..

Question 7.
What are the uses of maps in our daily life?
Answer:
Maps help us in many ways in our daily life. They help us to understand the concept of a subject.

  1. Maps help us to locate places like cities, districts, states and countries.
  2. Maps show the physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains.
  3. Maps help us to know the major routes of transport such as roads, railways, etc.
  4. Maps help us to understand the distribution of crops, minerals, soils etc.
  5. Maps help the army at the time of war and for security reasons.
  6. Maps guide the tourists to their destination.
  7. Maps help us to understand history easily.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

Question 8.
Locate all continents and oceans on the given World map.
Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps 1

Choose the correct answer.

1) Maps showing the distribution of forests are …………….
A) Physical map
B) Thematic Map
C) Political map
D) none of the above
Answer:
B) Thematic Map

2) The blue colour is used for showing …………….
A) Waterbodies
B) Mountains
C) Land
D) Plains
Answer:
A) Waterbodies

3) A scale is a necessary component for …………….
A) Map
B) Sketch
C) Plan
D) None
Answer:
A) Map

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

4) A compass is used …………….
A) To show symbols
B) To find the main direction
C) To measure distance.
D) To find the height
Answer:
B) To find the main direction

5) The intermediate direction between the North and East is called …………….
A) North-east
B) South-east
C) North-west
D) South-west
Answer:
A) North-east

Project Work

Question 1.
Draw a sketch of your school.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 2.
Collect different maps and make a scrapbook.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 3.
Draw a sketch map showing the route from your home to school by using appropriate symbols.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Maps InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Question 1.
Why was Mrudula not able to reach her destination with the help of the above sketch?  (Textbook Page No. 29 & 30)
Answer:
Mrudula was not able to reach her destination (Sathwika’s house) because there are no directions and scale in the given sketch.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

Question 2.
Go through the below picture and fill in the following table. (Textbook Page No. 30 & 31)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps 2
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps 3
Answer:

Direction Object
North Hill, Trees
North – East Temple
South Well
South – West Masjid
East Rising Sun
South – East School
West House
North – West Church

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

Question 3.
Observe the given picture and calculate the actual distance between the following places using the scale. (Textbook Page No. 32)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps 4
Answer:
i. The distance between PO (A) and Raju’s house (C).
Answer:
Approximately 60 metres.
ii. The distance between Raju’s house (C) and Puja’s house (E).
Answer:
Approximately 30 metres.
iii. The distance between Chiru’s house (D) and the school.
Answer:
Approximately 55 metres.

Question 4.
Make a table with the states, UTs and their capital. (Textbook Page No. 35)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps 5
Answer:

S.No. State/UT Capital
1. Andhra Pradesh Amaravati
2. Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar
3. Assam Dispur
4. Bihar Patna
5. Chattisgarh Raipur
6. Goa Panaji
7. Gujarat Gandhinagar
8. Haryana Chandigarh
9. Himachal Pradesh Shimla
10. Jharkhand Ranchi
11. Karnataka Bengaluru
12. Kerala Tiruvanantapuram
13. Madhya Pradesh Bhopal
14. Maharashtra Mumbai
15. Manipur Imphal
16. Meghalaya Shillong
17. Mizoram Aizwal
18. Nagaland Kohima
19. Orissa Bhubaneswar
20. Punjab Chandigarh
21. Rajasthan Jaipur
22. Sikkim Gangtok
23. Tamilnadu Chennai
24. Telangana Hyderabad
25. Tripura Agartala
26. Uttar Pradesh Lucknow
27. Uttarakhand Dehradun
28. West Bengal Kolkata
Union Territories and Capitals :
Andaman Nicobar Islands Port Blair
Lakshadweep Kavaratti
Ladakh Leh
Chandigarh Chandigarh
Dadar and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Silvassa
Puducherry Pondicherry
National Capital Region New Delhi
Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

Question 5.
Go through the below physical map and write some physical features of India. (Textbook Page No. 35)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps 6
Answer:
India has all major physical features of the earth i.e., mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus and islands.

  1. The Himalayan mountains or the Northern Mountains.
  2. The Northern plains or the Indo – Gangetic Plains.
  3. The Peninsular Plateau.
  4. The Great Indian desert
  5. The Coastal Plains.
  6. The Islands.

Question 6.
Collect different thematic maps and display in your classroom. Discuss with your Mends. (Textbook Page No. 36)
Answer:
Student Activity.

Think and Respond

Question 1.
How do symbols give us information? (Textbook Page No. 32)
Answer:
With the help of symbols, maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read also. It is not possible to draw a map in the actual shape and size with different features such as buildings, rivers, bridges, trees and railway lines etc. So they are shown by using certain colours, letters, shades, pictures and lines.

Question 2.
What does the map indicate? (Textbook Page No. 36)
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps 7
Answer:
This is a thematic map of India. Major crop grown areas were shown on this map. From this map, we can know in which areas of India Rice, Wheat, Jowar, Bajra were grown. We can also know where two crops were grown.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Maps

Question 3.
Why it is called a thematic map? (Textbook Page No. 36)
Answer:
Thematic maps are called so because they focus on a specific theme or subject relating to a particular theme or aspect of geography like the map of rainfall, roads, tourist places.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth

6th Class Social Studies 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
What is a globe?
Answer:
Globe is a true model of the Earth.

Question 2.
What are the movements of the Earth?
Answer:
Rotation and Revolution are the movements of the Earth.

Question 3.
Which movement of the Earth causes Day and Night?
Answer:
Rotation of the Earth causes Day and Night.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

Question 4.
What happens when the Earth rotates?
Answer:
During rotation, half portion of the Earth receives Sun’s rays and the remaining half portion remains in darkness.

Question 5.
Define the Earth’s Rotation and Revolution.
Answer:
Rotation: Planet Earth rotates around itself on its own axis. This movement is called Rotation.
Revolution: Planet Earth rotates around the Sun. This movement is called Revolution.

Question 6.
What is the true shape of the Earth?
Answer:
The Earth is round in shape. The Earth is slightly flattened at the poles and bulges in the middle or at the equator.

Question 7.
Which Latitude is known as the Tropic of Cancer?
Answer:
The latitude which is located at 23\(\frac{1}{2}\)° north of the equator is known as the Tropic of Cancer.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

Question 8.
Read the Paragraph under the title ‘Equinox’ and comment on it.
On 21st March and September 23rd direct rays of the Sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the Sun. So, the whole earth experiences equal days and nights. This is called an equinox.
On 23rd September, it is autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere and spring season in the Southern Hemisphere. The opposite is the case on 21st March when it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, you find days and nights and changes in the seasons because of the rotation and revolution of the earth.
Answer:
On 21st March and 23rd, September Sun’s rays fall directly on the Equator. So we experience equal day and night on both these days. This is called equinox. On 21st March it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere. Because of Earth’s rotation, half portion of the Earth receives Sun’s rays and the remaining half remains in darkness. So we find changes on Earth because of Earth’s rotation and revolution.

Question 9.
Create a table and list out the similarities and differences between Latitudes and Longitudes.
Answer:
Similarities between latitudes and longitudes:

  1. Latitudes and longitudes are both artificial.
  2. Latitudes and Longitudes are both invisible lines.
  3. Latitude is based on the 0° latitude while longitude is based on Greenwich.
  4. They both help us to locate a place on earth

Differences:

Latitudes Longitudes
1) Latitudes are the horizontal lines. 1) Longitudes are vertical lines
2) Lines of latitudes are parallel to the equator. 2) Lines of longitude are not parallel and come to a singular point.
3) Latitudes lines run in the East and West directions. 3) Longitude lines run in the North to South direction.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

Question 10.
If India has day, it is night in America. What is the reason for this difference?
Answer:
The part of the Earth that faces the Sun gets illuminated and experiences the day. The opposite part of the earth that does not face the Sun, experiences night. As India is opposite to America the difference in day and night occurs.

Question 11.
Take a ball and draw the latitudes and longitudes on the surface.
Answer:
Project Work: Student Activity.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth 1

Question 12.
Prepare a note on the difference between a globe and an atlas.
Answer:

  1. A globe is a three-dimensional sphere. An atlas is two-dimensional.
  2. A globe represents the whole earth. An atlas represents the whole earth or a part of it.
  3. A globe can be used to get a broad-level picture of the world. An atlas provides more specific information about different places.

Question 13.
Find out the latest leap year and the coming leap year.
Answer:
The present year 2020 is a leap year. 2024 is the coming leap year.

Question 14.
What preparations should be taken to watch a solar eclipse safely?
Answer:
The Sun outputs more power than our eye is designed and so it damages the retina. So we should not watch the Sun or the solar eclipse directly. We should use special-purpose solar filters, such as eclipse glasses to watch Solar eclipses safely. Projecting the Sun through a box projector is another safe way to watch the solar eclipse.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

Question 15.
It is difficult to understand the geographical location, time, and distance in the absence of the imaginary lines – latitudes and longitudes. Appreciate the design of the imaginary lines of latitudes and longitudes.
Answer:

  1. Latitudes are used to define the North-South position of a location on the planet.
    The general climatic division of a place can be studied with the help of latitudes.
  2. Longitudes are used to define the East-West position of a location on the planet. Longitudes also help us to calculate the time of a particular place.
  3. If the latitude and longitude are known any position on earth can be located. Even- though, longitudes and latitudes are imaginary lines they play an important role.

So we should appreciate the design of the imaginary lines of the latitudes and longitudes.

Question 16.
Venu met some children from different cities at a youth festival. They were: Geethika, John, Nihal, and Uma. Venu collected some information about their cities.
Venu has given us certain clues. Can you find out the cities with the help of an Atlas?

  • Geethika – A girl from a city where 19° Northern Latitude and 72° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………
  • John – A boy from a city where 12° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………
  • Nihal – A boy from a city where 28° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………
  • Uma – A girl from a city where 22° Northern Latitude and 88° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: ………………………………………………………

Answer:

  • Geethika – A girl from a city where 19° Northern Latitude and 72° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: ( Bombay)
  • John – A boy from a city where 12° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: (Bangalore)
  • Nihal – A boy from a city where 28° Northern Latitude and 77° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: (Delhi)
  • Uma – A girl from a city where 22° Northern Latitude and 88° Eastern Longitude nearly coordinates.
    Find and write the city name: (Kolkata)

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

Question 17.
If an astronaut from a spaceship looks down at the Earth, can he/she see the rotation of the earth?
Answer:
Yes. From a spaceship, an astronaut can see the rotation of the earth. Spaceships move around the Earth at a different speed. So the astronaut can see the Earth’s rotation.

Question 18.
Why can’t we sense the rotation and revolution of the Earth?
Answer:
The Earth is moving at a fixed speed and we are also moving along with it at the same speed. That is why we can’t sense the Earth’s spin. If Earth’s spin changes we would definitely sense it. If we are in a car that is moving at a constant speed on a smooth surface, we will not know that we are moving. However, when the car accelerates or when the brakes are applied, we will feel the motion. Another example is, we can drink coffee or tea on a moving train which is moving at a constant speed* because we are traveling by the train at the same speed. If the speed of the train changes we can’t drink. The spin of Earth doesn’t make those kinds of changes. So we can’t sense the rotation and revolution of the Earth.

Question 19.
Choose the correct answer.
i) The movement of the Earth around the Sun is known as
A) Rotation
B) Revolution
C) Inclination
D) Meridian
Answer:
B) Revolution

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

ii) Sun rays fall directly on the Equator on:
A) 21 March
B) 21 June
C) 22 December
D) 22 October
Answer:
A) 21 March

iii) Christmas is celebrated in summer in:
A) Japan
B) Australia
C) India
D) The USA
Answer:
B) Australia

iv) The cycle of the seasons is caused due to:
A) Rotation
B) Revolution
C) Gravitation
D) Inclination
Answer:
B) Revolution

Question 20.
Find and fill the latitudes and longitudes in the given table with the help of Atlas and Globe.

S.No. PLACE LATITUDES LONGITUDES
1. Vijayawada
2. Kadapa
3. Tirupati
4. Visakhapatnam
5. Your Village (Chittor)

Answer:

S.No. PLACE LATITUDES LONGITUDES
1. Vijayawada 16°50′ N 80°64′ E
2. Kadapa 14°46’ N 78°82′ E
3. Tirupati 13°62’ N 79°41′ E
4. Visakhapatnam 17°68′ N 83°21′ E
5. Your Village (Ex: Chittoor) 13°21′ N 79°10’ E

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

Question 21.
Find and fill the latitudes and longitudes extent of India and Andhra Pradesh in the given table with the help of Google Maps or Atlas.

PLACE LATITUDES LONGITUDES
From To From To
India
Andhra Pradesh
Your district (Kurnool)
Your Mandal (Nandyal)

Answer:

PLACE LATITUDES LONGITUDES
From To From To
India 8°4′ N 37°6′ N 68°7′ E 97°25′ E
Andhra Pradesh 12°41′ N 19°07’ N 77° E 84°40′ E
Your district (Ex: Kurnool) 15°50′ N 4°32′ N 78° 1′ E 45° 71′ E
Your Mandal (Ex: Nandyal) 15°28′ N 42°84′ N 78°28′ E 59°13′ E

Question 22.
Observe the following pictures and fill the boxes with the name of the shaded hemispheres.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth 2
Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth 3

Project Work

Draw a diagram of the globe showing the earth’s axis, the Equator, Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.
Answer:
Student Activity.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

6th Class Social Studies 2nd Lesson Globe – Model of the Earth InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

(Textbook Page No. 17)

Question 1.
Take a big round apple. Pierce a cycle spoke through it. The spoke resembles the axis shown in a globe. You can now move the apple around this axis from left to right.
Answer:
Student Activity.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth 4

Think and Respond

(Textbook Page No. 16)

Question 1.
How does the earth rotate and revolve without any needle, unlike the Globe? Discuss with the teacher.
Answer:
Our Solar System formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a huge cloud of gas and dust started to collapse under its own gravity. As the cloud collapsed, it started to spin. The Solar system is made up of the Sun and everything that orbits around it includes the planets and their moons as well as numerous asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. Without any unbalanced forces acting on them, the tremendous gravity of the Sun and the planets have kept them rotating for billions of years. Either the Earth or any other planet does not have any needle to rotate or to revolve.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

Question 2.
All the celestial bodies are round in shape. Why?
Answer:
A planet is round because of its gravity. Gravity pulls from the center to the edges like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. This makes the overall shape of a planet a sphere, which is a three-dimensional circle.

(Textbook Page No. 17)

Question 3.
In which hemisphere is India located?
Answer:
India is located within both the Northern and Eastern hemispheres.

Question 4.
Which hemisphere has the maximum number of continents?
Answer:
Northern Hemisphere has the maximum number of continents.

Question 5.
In which hemisphere is the continent Antarctica located?
Answer:
Antarctica is located in the Southern hemisphere.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

(Textbook Page No. 17)

Question 6.
Complete the table with the help of a world map, globe, or internet.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth 5
Answer:

Name the Continents in the Northern Hemisphere Name the Continents in the Southern Hemisphere Name the Continents that are spread over Southern and Northern Hemispheres
Europe
North America
Australia
Antarctica
Africa
Asia
South America
Name the Continents in the Northern Hemisphere Name the Continents in the Southern Hemisphere Name the Continents that are spread over Southern and Northern Hemispheres
Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean

Question 7.
Why do latitudes get smaller towards the pole? Which latitude is the biggest circle?
Answer:
The equator is the largest circle and divides the globe into two equal halves. So it is at the center of the Earth. Circles of latitude are all great circles with the center of Earth in the middle. The circles of latitude get smaller as the distance from the Equator increases. So the latitudes get smaller towards the poles. The Equator is the biggest latitude.

AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth

(Textbook Page No. 18)

Question 8.
Fill in the table with the help of a globe/map.

Latitude Value in degrees
North Pole
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
South Pole

Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth 6

(Textbook Page No. 20)

Question 9.
Identify and write down the Latitude and Longitude between the extents of the given Andhra Pradesh map. You can take the help of Atlas.
AP Board 6th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – Model of the Earth 7
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh Latitude: 12°41’ N to – 19°07′ N
Longitude : 77° – 84°40′ E.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The butterfly uses ——– to suck honey from flowers.
Answer:
Proboscis.
2. Tiger is a ——– because it eats only meat.
Answer:
carnivore.
3. Decomposers are also called ——–
Answer:
Recyclers.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

Choose the correct answer.

1. The source of energy for a food chain is
A) Producers
B) Consumers
C) Sun
D) Decomposers
Answer:
C) Sun

2. Identify the omnivore from the following.
A) Lion
B) Cow
C) Dog
D) Tiger
Answer:
C) Dog

3. At which position of the food chain would you place a human being
A) Primary consumer
B) Secondary consumer
C) Tertiary consumer
D) All the above
Answer:
C) Tertiary consumer

Answer the Following Questions.

1. List some animals in your surroundings which have the same kind of food habit.
Answer:

  • Cow, buffalo, goat and sheep have some kind of food habit as an herbivore depend upon the plants for food.
  • Dog and cat depend upon meat, milk and curd.

2. Compare the legs and nails of a dog and hen and say why they are different?
Answer:

Dog Hen
1. Legs of dog is longer and has four legs. 1. Legs of hen is shorter and has 2 legs.
2. The legs are muscular and strongly jointed. 2. The legs are thin them dog’s leg.
3. It has hard and slight curved nails. 3. It has thin, sharp and slightly elongated nails.
4. It uses its legs to run and catch the prey. 4. It uses legs to dig the ground to find food.
5. The nails are used for tearing the flesh. 5. Nails are useful for scratching the soil to pick up worms.

3. Name some animals which use tongue as a tool for taking in food.
Answer:
Frogs, lizards, garden lizard, chameleon, echidna use tongue as a tool for taking in food.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

4. Identify which of the following statements are wrong and give reasons.
(a) All the animals living in water feed only on plants.
(b) Elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.
(c) Birds’ beaks are designed to suit their food habits.
(d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting.
(e) Most of the food chains end with herbivores.
Answer:
a) All the animals living in water feed only on plants.

  • This statement is wrong. There are many animals living in water which eat animals.
    Ex: A blue whale in the sea eats tiny animals called krill.

b) Elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.

  • This statement is correct as elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.

c) Bird’s beaks are designed to their food habits.

  • This statement is correct as bird’s beaks are designed to their food habits.

d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting.

  • This statement is correct.
  • Sharp claws of some animals meant for tearing the flesh of prey. And also help to increase traction to run faster as in the case of cheetah.
  • In some animals claws help holding the grip for running while hunting.
  • In the hen the claws are helpful to scratch the soil to find worms.

e) Most of the food chains end with herbivores.

  • This statement is wrong.
  • The food chain starts with herbivores and ends with carnivores which are wild.

5. Write the importance of the food chain.
Answer:

  • The food chain shows how energy is transferred from one living organism to another organism.
  • It describes energy and nutrients move through an ecosystem.
  •  It shows the relationship between producers and consumers.
  • It explains the interdependence of diverse organisms in nature.

6. Arrange the following in a correct sequence and form a food chain
1. Rabbit → Carrot → Eagle → Snake
2. Human → Insect → Algae → Fish
Answer:
1. Carrot → Rabbit → Snake → Eagle
2. Algae → Insect → Fish → Human

7. If you want to understand more about food chain what questions would you like to ask?
Answer:

  • What is food chain?
  • How does animals and plants dependent on one another?
  • How does energy flow with in an ecosystem?
  • Is there any relation of food habits of animals with that of living ecosystem?
  • How the nature balances the ecosystem?
  • Why the food chain always starts with plants?

8. What happens if there are no decomposers on the earth?
Answer:

  • Bacteria and fungi are get energy by breakdown of dead plants and animals. So, they are called decomposers.
  • They help in the cycling of materials in the environment.
  • If there were no decomposers the dead and waste materials remains on earth.
  • The nutrients would not be replenished.
  • Natural enrichment of the soil cannot takes place.
  • Because of the dead organisms remain on earth, the existence of life on earth would have been impossible.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

9. Draw a food chain of your choice.
Answer:

10. How can you appreciate the role of producers in a food chain?
Answer:

  • Plants are known as producers, as they make their own food.
  • Plants are the only organisms which provide food for all organisms in an ecosystem.
  • In an ecosystem, Producers are at base of entire food chain.
  • Plants not only provide the food but also oxygen to the earth.
  • Plants are the precious things to continue the life on earth.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Go to a nearby pond where cranes are usually seen. Observe how they catch fish. Write about the process of catching fish. (Take care of yourself when you are near water places.)
Answer:

  • The crane usually has been seen in lakes and the fishes are food for that.
  • The long thin legs that it has helps it to move in the water without disturbing the water.
  • While catching the fish it tries to move very slowly.
  • So that the fishes don’t know its presence it also can stand still for a long time for hunting of fishes.
  • Crane used to catch the fish with the help of their long beak.

Question 2.
Collect one or two earthworms and put them in a bottle containing wet soil. Close it with a lid that has holes. Observe how earthworms get their food. Record your observations.
Answer:
Aim: To observe the eating activity of earthworms in the wet soil.
What we want: Two earthworms, one glass bottle, wet soil.
What to do: Take a glass bottle and fill it with some wet soil.

  • Now kept the two earthworms in the soil filled bottle.
  • Observe them for sometime.

What do we see: We observed that the earthworms are started swallowing soil in, little quantities.
What we learned: With the above observations we concluded that the earthworms are feed on moist soil which contains nutrients.

Question 3.
Fill up the following table

Body part used to collect food Examples
Beak Hens,…
Tongue
Teeth
Sucker
Strong legs with claws

Answer:

Body part used to collect food Examples
Beak Hens, crane, parrot, eagle, humming bird.
Tongue Lizard, frog, snake, garden lizard, chameleon, dog.
Teeth Cat, dog, tiger, lion.
Sucker Leech.
Strong legs with claws Tiger, lion, dog.

Question 4.
Make your own food chain and display it in your classroom.
Answer:
Plant → Caterpillar → Chameleon → Snake → Mangoose
(This food chain can make with diagrams of those animals) (Student Activity)

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

Question 5.
Prepare a scrapbook of animals and separate them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores.
Answer:
Students can collect the pictures of different animals and after dividing them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores they can be pasted under these heads separately in the scrapbook. (Student Activity)
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food 2

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food Activities

Activity – 1

Some animals are listed in the given Table -1. For some the animals, the type of food they eat is also given. Fill the blanks in Table.

Name of the animal Food the animal eats
Buffallo Grass, oil cake, hay, grains
Cat Small animals, Birds, Milk
Rat
Lion
Tiger
Spider
House Lizard
Cow
Human Beings
Butterfly
Crow
Others

Answer:

Name of the animal Food the animal eats
Buffallo Grass, oil cake, hay, grains
Cat Small animals, Birds, Milk
Rat Seeds, insects, small animals
Lion Deer, jiraffee, fox etc.
Tiger Other animals
Spider Beetles, flies
House lizard Worms, insects
Cow Grass, oil cake, hay, grains.
Homan beings Rice, eggs, milk, meat etc.
Butterfly Nectar
Crow Small animals, insects

Answer the following questions based on the table.
i) List the animals that depend only on plants and their products for food.
Answer:
Buffalo, cow, butterfly.

ii) List the animals that depend only on animals and their products for food.
Answer:
Cat, lion, tiger, house lizard, spider.

iii) List the animals that depend on both plants and animals for food.
Answer:
Rat, cow, crow and human beings.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

Activity – 2

2. Write the parts of the body animals that are used to collect or capture food in the given table.

S. No. Animal Sense used in tracking food Body parts-used in taking food
1. Dog Smell Sharp teeth, Tongue
2. Cow
3. Hen Beak
4. Frog
5. Snake
6. Bat
7. Lizard
8. Vulture
9 Lion Legs, Claws, Mouth ….
10. Humming Bird

Answer:

S. No. Animal Sense used in tracking food Body parts used in taking food
1. Dog Smell Sharp teeth, tongue
2. Cow Smell, vision Mouth, tongue
3. Hen Vision Beak, claws
4. Frog Touch Tongue
5. Snake Taste, Smell Mouth, teeth
6. Bat Hearing Mouth, tongue
7. Lizard Vision, hearing Mouth, tongue
8. Vulture Vision, smell Beak, claws
9. Lion Vision, hearing Legs, claws, mouth
10. Humming bird Smell, taste Beak

Answer the following questions based on the above table.
i) Do all the animals use similar parts in taking in food?
Answer:

  • No. All animals do not use similar parts in taking in food.
  • Ex: Cow and lizard uses mouth and tongue, whereas hen and humming bird uses beak taking in food.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

ii) Name some animals which use similar parts in taking in food?
Answer:
The animals that use some parts for taking food are

  1. Hen, humming bird, vulture use their beak to get food.
  2. Cat and dog – use their sharp teeth to tear the food in pieces.
  3. Lizard and frog – use their tdngue to capture the food.
  4. Lion and tiger – uses their strong legs to run for chasing the animal, sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear flesh.

iii) Compare the parts of dog to that of frog. Note down the similarities as well as differences observed by you.
Answer:
Dog uses smell sense to trick the food whereas frog have a smell organ in the roof of their mouth called the jacobsons organ. This detects food.

  • Dog and frog both use the tongue in taking food.
  • The dog uses its teeth and nails in capturing the food, while frog uses its sticky tongue to capture the food and swallows it.

iv) Compare the parts of hen and sparrow in eating food. Note down the similarities as well as differences you observed.
Answer:
Similarites:

  • Hen and sparrow use their beaks to take the food in.
  • Both are finding out their food by using the vision, as a sense.
  • Hen and sparrow both feeds on grains, worms and insects.

Difference:

  • Hen uses its claws to scratch the soil to find out worms whereas sparrows feed on the insects / worms which are present on plants.

v) What are the similarities between a dog and a lion in the parts involved in taking in food?
Answer:

  • The dog licks with its tongue and runs fast.
  • The lion hunts the other animals. It uses strong legs to run sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear the flesh.
  • The claws of the lion are also sharp to hold the animal.
  • Dog also uses its teeth and nails in capturing its food.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

vi) What are the similarities and differences between a vulture and a lion in their mode of taking in food?
Answer:

  • Both lion and vulture are carnivores.
  • They both have sharp vision and use their sharp claws to tear the flesh.
  • Lion hunts animals staying on land.
  • Vulture hunts its food by flying high in the sky.

Activity – 3

3. Look at the picture. Different birds have different beaks. Do you know why they are different?
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food 3
Answer:
The beaks are different because the birds eat different kinds of food.

  • So, the type of beaks depends upon their habitat, environment and food habits also.
  • The beaks of birds are help to them to kill the prey, to fight, to get food and feeding their young ones. Based on their food habit the birds have different types of beaks such as strong hooked beak, hooked beak, long beak, long thin beak etc.

Activity – 4

4. i) Observe how a lizard catches its food. Write down your observations.
Answer:

  • Lizard uses its visionary sense to track the food.
  • Lizard concentrates its attention on the movements of the insect.
  • Lizard moves so fast towards the insect.
  • It catches the insect by using tongue and eats it.

ii) Find out the differences between a frog and a lizard’s way of taking in food.
Answer:

Frog Lizard
1. Frog is carnivore as it feed on insects and worms. 1. Lizard is insectivore in nature as it feed on insects.
2. Frog senses the food through a social organ called jacobsons organ in the roof of their mouth- 2. Lizard uses its visionary sense to track the food.
3. Frog throws its sticky tongue towards an insect. The insect stuck to the tongue. Then the frog swallows it. 3. Lizard moves so fast towards the insect, and catches the insect with the tongue and eats it.

iii) How do these animals (Frog, lizard) use their tongue?
Answer:
These animals (Frog, lizard) use their tongue to capture the food.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

Activity – 5

5. Observe a cow/buffalo while eating its food. Write your observations in your notebook by following the given questions.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food 4
i) How does a cow find its food?
Answer:
Cow finds its food by using the sense of smell.

ii) Note the parts of the body involved in it?
Answer:
Mouth and tongue are involved to take the food in.

iii) What mouthparts of the cow are involved in eating its food?
Answer:

  • The cow uses its tongue to grasp a clump of grass.
  • Teeth help to shred the grass into small pieces.

iv) Do cows have teeth? Do they have teeth on both jaws?
Answer:
Yes. Cows have teeth on both jaws. But don’t have top front teeth.

v) In what way can you justify it is herbivore?
Answer:

  • Cow depends only on plant and plant products for food.
  • They eat different parts of plants like green/dry grass, leaves, branches arid fruits.
  • So that, we can say cow is herbivore.

vi) You may have observed cows and buffaloes sitting under the trees and moving their jaws. Do you know why they do that?
Answer:

  • Cow and buffalo chew food very quickly, swallow and store it in a part of their stomach.
  • After some time, they back the food material from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again leisurely.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

Activity – 6

6. Observe a dog in your surroundings. How does it get its food? Write your observations by following the given questions.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food 5
i) What does it do to find food?
Answer:
The dog finds its food by smelling. Dog’s nose is a thousand times more sensitive than ours.

ii) Which parts are involved in taking in food?
Answer:
The mouth and tongue are involved in taking in food.

iii) How does a dog eat meat?
Answer:

  • The dog catches another animal with its legs.
  • It tears the meat using its sharp teeth.
  • It eats the meat and chews it with the help of teeth and uses its tongue to swallow it.

iv) How does a dog drink water?
Answer:
The dog licks water with its tongue and drinks it.

v) Is there any difference in using its tongue when compared with a frog or a cow? Write in the space provided below.

Animal Use of tongue
Frog
Cow
Dog

Answer:

Animal Use of tongue
Frog To catch the food
Cow To swallow grass
Dog To lick water

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

Activity – 7

7. Observe the picture and answer the following questions.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food 6
i) What is the source of energy in a food chain?
Answer:
Sunlight is the source of energy in a food chain.

ii) How does grasshopper get its energy?
Answer:

  • In a food chain grasshopper is a primary consumer so that it depends on grass for food.
  • Then grasshopper gets its energy by eating grass.

iii) What happens to the crow if the frog was removed from this food chain?
Answer:

  • In this food chain frog is a secondary consumer as its feed on grasshopper.
  • If the frog was removed in this food chain, the grasshopper population will be increased.
  • In this food chain crow is a tertiary consumer as its feed on frogs.
  • If the frog was removed from this food chain, the crows will go hungry and their population will be decreased.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

iv) What is the role of mushrooms in the given picture?
Answer:

  • Mushroom is a decomposer.
  • Mushroom get it energy by the breakdown of dead matter.
  • It helps in the cycling of materials in between producers, consumers and to the soil.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself

8th Class English Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you think is the most important thing to learn to live well?
Answer:
The most important thing to learn to live well is that one should not depend upon others. One should take care of oneself. One should stand on one’s own feet.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions I Can Take Care of Myself

Question 2.
What are the skills or qualities that would help you to be independent in your life?
Answer:
The skills or qualities that would help us to be independent in our life are:

  1. One needs to know how to take care of oneself.
  2. One needs to be able to protect oneself.
  3. One needs to learn to be strong and work hard.
  4. One needs to be powerful oneself.
  5. One needs to stand on one’s own feet.
  6. One needs to learn more about the world and learn to live in it as a good creature.
  7. One needs to depend on the power within oneself to seek the target in one’s life.

Question 3.
Do you agree/disagree with the daughter of the mother rat? Give reasons for your response.
Answer:
I agree with the daughter of the mother rat. Depending on another person’s power, position or prosperity does not promise peace and security in the long run. To be safe, one needn’t get someone married. One should work hard to achieve one’s goal. The married woman, who doesn’t stand on her own feet has to depend upon her husband for everything.

I. Observe the data given in the bar diagrams related to male and female infant mortality rates (IMR) in India over the years 1990 to 2008 and answer the questions given.
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself 1
(Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation National Statistical Organisation – Website : www.mospi.gov.in)

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions I Can Take Care of Myself

Question 1.
In which year is the difference in infant mortality rates between male and female the highest?
Answer:
In the year 2003, the difference in infant mortality rates between male and female is the highest.

Question 2.
In which case and in which year do we find a sudden decrease in the IMR?
Answer:
We find sudden decrease in the case of male IMR in the year 2003.

Question 3.
What will happen if there is a wide gap in IMR between male and female?
Answer:
If there is a wide gap in IMR between male and female, one of them (either male or female) will be left unmarried. There will be an imbalance in the ratio between the male and female.

Question 4.
What, according to you, may the reasons be for the female IMR being higher than the male IMR?.
Answer:
I think the reason may be that the parents think that girl children are burdensome. They think it is very difficult to educate them and get them married to the males. They have to give dowry to the males. So, most of the parents don’t want female children. Hence, the female IMR is higher than the male IMR.

Question 5.
What may be the reasons for the decrease in IMR rates over the years?
Answer:
The reasons for the decrease in IMR rates over the years.

  1. The attitude of the parents is changed with the times.
  2. Increasing medical facilities.
  3. Increase in the literacy rate among the girls (women).
  4. Women empowerment.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions I Can Take Care of Myself

Question 6.
Do you think there could be a further decrease in the IMR after 5 years?
Answer:
Yes. I think there would be a further decrease in the IMR after 5 years.

Question 7.
What, according to you, may the reasons be for the death of more than half of both male and female infants?
Answer:
The reasons for the death of more than half of both male and female infants.

  1. The superstitious beliefs of the parents. (Village parents)
  2. Lack of proper medical facilities.
  3. In some cases the young couples don’t want the children in the earlier days after their marriage. They think that the children will obstruct their privacy.

II. Group Work :
Discuss the above questions in your group and write an analytical report on the Infant Mortality Rates in India.
Answer:
When we observe the bar diagram, there has been a gradual decrease in both the female IMR and the male IMR. There is a sudden fall in the male IMR in 2003. The difference in infant mortality rates between male and female is the highest in 2003. The decrease in the IMR shows us the changed views of the parents with the times. If there is a wide gap in IMR between male and female, one of genders will be left unmarried and there is an imbalance in the family system. The parents think that females are burdensome. They feel it difficult to educate and get them married. They are not in a position to give dowry to the males. So, most of the parents don’t want female children. Hence, the female IMR is higher than the male IMR. The main reason for the decrease in IMR over the years is that the parents have changed their attitude with the times. The advanced medical facilities and the increase in the literacy rate among the girl children are also reasons for it. I think there will be a further decrease in the IMR after 5 years.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions I Can Take Care of Myself

Oral Activity

Work in pairs and debate on the following proposition.
“Reservation in education, employment and legislature will empower the women.”
Answer:
Argument for the statement:
There is no doubt, surely reservation in education, employment and legislature will empower the women. As all of us know, today most of the women’s lives are confined to the kitchen. They have to depend upon their husbands for everything. They can’t protect themselves. If they have reservation, most of the women get good education and employment. Then they don’t have to beg anyone for anything. They will be able to lead a dignified life. If there is reservation in legislature, there will be more women participation in politics and society. It is expected to create equal opportunities for women along with men with reservation for women. Our society is a male dominated one. Reservation in education, employment and legislature would amount to a positive discrimination. Reservation for women not only empowers them but also helps the society.
Argument against the statement:
Can reservations for women be an effective measure and do the women really require such special treatment and will they be really empowered with reservations ? The intelligent male persons will lose the opportunities if the women are given reservations. Instead of providing any solution to this problem, giving reservations to women may give rise to social, political and psychological tensions. Besides, it is debatable if more women will attend schools, colleges or offices merely because of reservations. Reservation for women can be a temporary sort of relief and it won’t empower them. There should be a broader political, social and economic policy for the upliftment and empowerment of women.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions I Can Take Care of Myself

Project work

A. Interview some female members in your family and neighbourhood with the following questions.
Would you like the girls in the family to take up a job after they have received education?
If yes, give some reasons.
Yes, I would like the girls in the family to take up a job after they have received education. The girl child is an equal partner in sharing the responsibilities and duties. An educated girl can render financial assistance to the father and later to the husband. The woman can take care of herself if she is employed. She doesn’t need to depend on others. She is able to lead a dignified life. So, the girls should take up a job after they have received education.
If no, give some reasons.
No, I would not like the girls in the family to take up a job after they have received education. The girl child’s primary duty in the later part of life is to look after the family and children. So, she doesn’t need to take up a job. If she takes up a job, she can’t find time to look after the family and children when she gets married.

B. Work on the following items.
Note down whether the woman you have interviewed is educated or uneducated; working/not working; married/unmarried.
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself 2
Answer:
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself 3

C. Based on the above information write a paragraph on ‘Woman Empowerment’.
Answer:
I have interviewed five women. Of them three women are married the rest of the two are unmarried. Three women are employed and the rest of the two are unemployed. All the five women opined that the women should be empowered. The employed women opined that they couldn’t find time to serve their families. The unemployed women want to stand on their feet. They want financial independence. They want jobs to get the stability and share the responsibilities and duties along with men. A woman is dynamic in
many roles she plays. She has to face many challenges and find out practical solutions. She is facing the challenges of economic inequality, gender-based violence, limited leadership and political participation and other issues. So, the women should be provided with more opportunities which could empower them to improve their lives, their rights and their future.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions I Can Take Care of Myself

Grammar Family

Parts of Speech

There is a family in London whose surname is grammar. There is a couple, Mr. Noun and Mrs. Verb. The couple has three children-one son pronoun and two daughters adverb and adjective. The son (pronoun) has to do all the work of his father in his absence. The two daughters love each other but there is a difference in them. Adjective loves her father and brother and keeps praising them. Adverb loves her mother more she always modifies her when there is a need. There are two servants in the family, preposition and conjunction. The preposition is the chief servant. He is the official servant of his master. He is the family servant and looks after every member of the family. The interjection joins the family in times of joy and sorrow.

I Can Take Care of Myself Summary in English

Once, a mother rat wanted to get her young daughter married to the most powerful being that she could find. She thought that the sun god was the most powerful being on earth. So, she asked the sun god if he was the most powerful being on earth. The sun god smiled and replied that the rain was greater than him as there would be no water on earth or no crop or tree without the rain. So, the mother rat asked the rain god if he was the most powerful being on earth. The rain god smiled and replied that the mountain was greater than him as he would protect the creatures. He blocked the clouds and let the water flow safely. The mother rat asked the mountain god if he was the most powerful being on earth. The mountain god smiled and replied that the worm was greater than him. He also told that the earthworm was the greatest friend of the living beings. The mother rat’s daughter came to her and asked her what she was doing. The mother replied that she was looking for the most powerful being on earth to get her married. She also told her daughter that she would be safe if she married the most powerful being on earth. The daughter replied why she would need to marry to be safe. She also told that she would need to know how to take care of herself if she wanted to be safe. To protect herself, she needed to learn to be strong and work hard. She wanted to be powerful herself, so that she could take care of herself and those that she loved. She wanted to stand on her own feet. She opined that she needed to learn more about the world and learn to live in it as a good creature. She asked for her mother’s help. She wanted her mother’s support. She was not interested in marrying anybody. She didn’t want to depend on others. She wanted to believe her power only.

 

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called ——–.
Answer:
Magnetic material.
2. Paper is not a ——– material.
Answer:
magnetic
3. In the olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of ——–.
Answer:
natural magnet with thread.
4. A magnet always has ——– poles.
Answer:
two

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of the following object is attracted by magnet?
A) wooden piece
B) plain pins
C) eraser
D) a piece of paper
Answer:
B) plain pins

2. A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in the direction
A) North – East
B) South – West
C) East-West
D) North-South
Answer:
D) North-South

3. Magnets lose their properties when they are
A) used
B) stored
C) heated
D) cleaned
Answer:
C) heated

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
List the magnetic and non-magnetic materials in your classroom.
Answer:

S.No. Material Magnetic / Non-magnetic
1. Wooden benches Non-magnetic
2. Two iron benches Magnetic
‘3. Teacher’s wooden chair Non-magnetic
4. Teacher’s wooden table Non-magnetic
5. Wooden blackboard Non-magnetic
6. Metal box attached to the blackboard for putting chalk pieces Magnetic
7. Plastic dust bin Non-magnetic
8. Nail in the wall for hanging maps Magnetic

Question 2.
If you have two similar bars, one a magnet and another a piece of iron. Can you find out which one of these is a magnet? Explain the process.
Answer:

  1. We will take a bar magnet. We have to identify two identical bars A and B. One as a magnet and the other as a simple bar.
  2. To identify, we have to bring our magnet to both the ends of bars A and B one after another.
  3. It is easy to locate the magnet. It attracts the bar magnet when pointed to its one end and repels if pointed to the other end.
  4. The iron bar will be attracted by the magnet in both situations.

Question 3.
The teacher said that the Earth is a magnet. But Sreevidya has some doubts and she asked her teacher some questions. What may be the questions?
Answer:

  1. Is there any big magnet present inside the Earth?
  2. Who has put that magnet inside the Earth?
  3. Where are the South and North poles of Earth’s magnet?
  4. How is this magnet inside the earth discovered?
  5. Is the magnet inside the earth there from the time of formation of the earth?
    Such questions are likely to be asked by Sreevidya.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

Question 4.
Does the Earth behave as a magnet? How do you prove it?
Answer:

  1. A bar magnet is placed on the table.
  2. Another bar magnet is suspended very close to the first one kept on the table.
  3. It is observed that the N – pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the S – pole of the magnet placed on the table.
    AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 1
  4. The S – pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the N – pole of the bar magnet kept on the table.
  5. Later the first bar magnet is removed from the table.
  6. Now the suspended bar magnet aligns itself in the North-South directions of the earth.
  7. This is because the earth influenced the Suspended bar magnet as the first magnet done.
  8. With this, it is evident that the earth behaves as a magnet.

Question 5.
Predict which of the following materials are magnetic and non-magnetic. Test with a bar magnet and check your predictions. What do you say after testing all materials? Plastic, Iron, Stainless steel, Wood, Aluminum, Gold, Silver, Copper, Paper, Cloth.
Answer:
My predictions and tests are recorded in the table given below.

S.No. Material Prediction Test with a bar magnet
1. Plastic Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
2. Iron Magnetic Magnetic
3. Stainless steel Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
4. Wood Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
5. Aluminium Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
6. Gold Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
7. Silver Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
8. Copper Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
9. Paper Non-magnetic Non-magnetic
10. Cloth Non-magnetic Non-magnetic

Question 6.
Draw a bar magnet and locate the poles.
Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 2

Question 7.
Surya was wonderstruck to know that Earth is a big magnet and appreciated the efforts of scientists to discover this. Do you notice any such things in magnets to appreciate? Explain.
Answer:
I found the following things in magnets to appreciate.

  1. Every magnet has two poles. If we break a magnet into two pieces, each piece develops two poles and act as individual magnets.
  2. A freely suspended magnet always rests in the north-south direction. This helps in identifying the directions in new places.
  3. Iron nail kept near magnet act as magnet due to magnetic induction.
  4. Magnetic levitation helps to run electro-magnetic trains.
  5. The attraction property of magnets helps in the separation of magnetic materials from their mixtures.
  6. Electrical cranes are used to lift the huge weight of magnetic materials using this attraction property.
  7. Magnets are useful in various equipment such as motors, speakers, etc.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

Question 8.
Mention some situations where you use magnets in your day-to-day life?
Answer:
A magnet finds its use at a number of places.

S.No. Uses S.No. Uses
1. Refrigerator doors 6. Pin stand
2. Some pencil boxes 7. Fans
3. Many toys 8. Automobile dynamos
4. Magnetic stickers 9. Loud speaker
5. Soap stand 10. Microphones

In addition, magnets are used in audio and videotapes and computer hard disks to store information. Magnets are also used for magnetotherapy.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 69

Question 1.
Think and say, in which directions your house is facing? Use the compass and find out the exact direction of your house and compare it with your prediction. Similarly predict and find out in which direction you keep your head while sleeping at night, the directions you face while you are reading, eating etc.
Answer:

  1. I felt my house is facing towards east.
  2. By using compass I found that it is very slightly towards north east.
  3. I predicted that I keep my head towards east while sleeping but found it is also very slightly towards north east.
  4. I predicted that I face towards east while reading and eating also. But I found it also same as above.

Question 2.
Prepare a toy using magnets and write the procedure of preparation briefly.
Answer:

  1. Secure a plastic toy car. Fix a small bar magnet in it by using tape.
  2. Now, keep the car on a table and hold it in your hand.
  3. Keep the N-pole of the magnet facing the S-pole of the magnet in the toy car.
  4. The car moves forward as your gradually draw the magnet in your hand backwards. (∵ unlike poles of magnets attract each other)

Question 3.
Think and say where the poles will be located in a ring magnet? Try to find out its poles using a bar magnet and check your prediction.
Answer:
Prediction: Magnetic poles are located on the upper and lower surfaces of a ring magnet.
Check:

  1. When I bring south pole of a bar magnet near the upper surface of the ring magnet they repel each other indicating that the upper surface of the ring magnet is its south pole.
  2. When I bring south pole of a bar magnet near the lower surface of the ring magnet they attract each other indicating that the lower surface of the ring magnet is its north pole.
  3. But I came to know from my teacher that there are three possibilities of having poles position basing on their mode of preparation.
    i) Upper & lower surfaces( Axial)
    AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 3
    ii) Parallel to the Height ( side by side )( Diametral)
    AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 4
    iii) Inner and outer surfaces. (Radial)
    AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 5

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

Question 4.
Magnetize a needle using a bar magnet. Make a compass with that needle by following the process explained in activity.
Answer:

  1. Take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near to sharp edge of needle.
  2. Move the bar magnet along the length of the needle till we reach the other end.
  3. Then the bar magnet is lifted from the other end and brought to the same pole of the bar magnet.
  4. On repeating the process for at least 20 to 30 times the needle will became magnetized.
    AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 6
  5. Tape the magnetized needle to a light cork.
  6. Float the cork in a glass of soap water as shown in fig.
  7. The needle points in North-South direction. Thus it acts as a magnetic compass.

Question 5.
Kiran wants to prepare a toy using some magnets to make people understand the slogan “Reject bad food and accept only good food”. Can you help him to prepare the toy? If yes, how?
Answer:

  1. The toy can be prepared like this.
  2. Take a plate. Put good food on one side and bad food on the opposite side in the plate and label accordingly.
  3. A magnet is attached at the bottom of this plate with its N-pole pointing towards good food and S-pole pointing towards bad food.
  4. A magnet is fitted in the bottom of a duck where its S-pole points towards the mouth and N-pole points towards the tail of the duck.
  5. When good food portion of the plate is brought closer to the duck, the duck placed in a tub of water moves towards the plate because unlike poles of the magnets attract each other.
  6. When the bad food portion of the plate is brought closer to the duck, the duck moves away because like poles of the two magnets repel each other.
    AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 7

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets Activities

Activity – 1

1. Take a steel glass. Put a magnet in it. Take a needle through which thread is passed. Press the thread with a finger near the eye of the needle as shown in figure 2 and raise the glass upward slowly. (Page No. 60)
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 8
i) What happens?
Answer:
The needle stand vertically up without touching the glass.

ii) Does the needle stand vertically up without touching the glass? Why does this happen?
Answer:
Yes. This is because the magnet in the glass is attracting the needle.

Activity – 2

Finding Materials attracted by Magnets. (Page No. 61)

2. Take a bar magnet, nail, jump-clip, plastic scale, a piece of glass, key, paper, iron bolt, pen, blade, pencil, knife, stainless steel spoon, piece of chalk, wood, and touch the magnet to each item. Does the magnet attract every object? Observe and record your observations duly mentioning the name of the material of which the object is made in the table.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 9
Answer:

S.No. Name of the object Material of which the object is made Attracted by Magnet (Yes / No)
1. Jump clip Iron Yes
2. Scale Plastic No
3. Nail Iron Yes
4. A piece of glass Glass No
5. Key Iron Yes
6. Paper Paper No
7. Iron bolt Iron Yes
8. Pen Plastic No
9. Blade Iron Yes
10. Pencil Wood No
11. Knife Iron Yes
12. Stainless steel spoon Alloy No
13. Piece of chalk Mineral of Calcium No
14. Wood Wood No

i) Which materials are attracted by a magnet?
Answer:
Nail, jump-clip, key, iron bolt, blade, knife.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

ii) Which materials are not attracted by a magnet?
Answer:
Plastic scale, a piece of glass, paper, pen, pencil, stainless steel spoon, piece of chalk, wood.

iii) Give your own examples for magnetic materials.
Answer:
Iron, cobalt, nickel.

iv) Give your own examples for non-magnetic materials.
Answer:
Gold, Silver, Copper, wood, paper, plastic.

Activity – 3

3. Spread some iron fillings uniformly on a sheet of paper. Place a bar magnet below this sheet. (Page No. 62)
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 10
i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe that the uniformly spread iron filings come close and get concentrate at two points of the paper sheet. At some distance, I found some scattered iron filings between these two points.

ii) Does the property of attracting iron filings remain the same for all parts of a bar magnet?
Answer:
No. the ends of the bar magnet attract more iron filings than the middle part of the magnet.

iii) Do you observe any change in the pattern of iron filings spread over the sheet?
Answer:
Yes, uniformly spread iron filings changed their pattern and concentrated more at endpoints of the bar magnet. Scattered iron filings between these two points are somehow in some lines from one point to other.

Activity – 4

4. Attraction and Repulsion between Two Magnets. Take two similar magnets, place them in four different ways as shown in Figure, and record your observations. (Page No. 63)
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 11
i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe that magnets not only attracts but also repel each other

ii) When do the magnets attract each other?
Answer:
In the first two situations, they attract each other. That means when unlike poles come close to each other they attract.

iii) When do the magnets repel each other?
Answer:
In the last two situations, they repel each other. That means when like poles come close to each other they repels.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

Activity – 5

Finding directions with a bar magnet. (Page No. 63)

5. Suspend the bar magnet freely with the help of a thread tied around its center as shown in figure.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 12
i) Does the magnet remain stationary?
Answer:
After some time it becomes stationary.

ii) Wait for some time. What do you find now?
Answer:
I found that the magnet rests in a north-south direction.
You will notice that the magnet finally takes a position in the North-South direction. Mark the endpoints towards the North with some color. Now disturb the magnet and again wait for some time.

iii) Where does the colored portion come to rest?
Answer:
The colored portion comes to rest towards the north.

iv) Repeat this experiment at another place. What do you observe?
Answer:
I observed that the magnets always come to rest in the North-South direction.

Activity – 6

Making Magnet (Page No. 64)

6. Aim: To make a magnet
What do you need? (Materials required): Iron nail/ piece of iron. Bar magnet, pin/ iron fillings.
What to do? (Procedure):

  1. Take a nail /a piece of Iron and place it on a table.
  2. AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 13
  3. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near one edge of the nail / piece of iron and rub from one end to another end without changing the direction of the pole of the magnet.
  4. Repeat the process for 30 to 40 times.
  5. Bring a pin or some iron filings near the nail / piece of iron to check whether if has become a magnet.

What do you see?(Observation): The nail/ piece of iron attract the pin / iron filings. What do you learn? (Result): Iron nail,/ piece become a magnet.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

Activity – 7

Making your own Magnetic Compass. (Page No. 65)

7. Aim: To make a magnetic compass
What you need? (Materials required: magnetized needle, tape, water, detergent.
What to do? (Procedure):

  1. Take a magnetized needle.
  2. Attach the needle with a tape to a light cork.
  3. Float the cork in a glass of water.
  4. Add a little detergent to the water to help the cork float freely.

What do you see? (Observation): The magnetized needle points in North- South direction.
What do you learn? (Result): This acts as a magnetic compass.

Activity – 8

Magnetic Induction (Page No. 65)

8. Aim: To observe and understand magnetic induction.
What you need? (Materials required): safety pin, alpin, bar magnet
What to do? (Procedure):

  1. Take a safety pin and bring it close to an alpin.
  2. Bring the safety pin close to one pole of a bar magnet and see how it gets attached to the magnet.
  3. Now bring an alpin and touch it to the safety pin.

What do you see?(Observation):

  1. Safety pin does not attract the Alpin when it is not in contact with magnet.
  2. But when it is in contact with a magnet it attracts the alpin.
  3. From the above two cases, we notice that the safety pin acts as a magnet when it is in contact with another magnet.

What do you learn? (Result): Magnetic property is induced in the safety pin due to the bar magnet. The magnetic property possessed by a magnetic substance due to the presence of a magnet near it, is called magnetic induction.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets

Activity – 9

9. Finding out whether the given object is a magnet or not. (Page No. 66)
You have been given three objects of the same size, shape and colour and a bar magnet. You have to decide which one among them is a magnet, which is not a magnet but made up of magnetic material or a non-magnetic material Bring three objects one after the other close to one pole of the bar magnet and observe whether they get attracted, repelled or not attracted. Record your observation in table 2. After that bring those objects close to the other pole of the bar magnet in the same way and record your observations.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 16
Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets 17
If an object is attracted by one pole of the bar magnet and repelled by its other pole, then it is a magnet. So object -1 is magnet.
If an object is attracted by both the poles of a bar magnet and not repelled by any pole, then it is not a magnet but a magnetic substance. So object -2 is made up of magnetic material.
If an object is neither attracted by a magnet nor repelled by it, then it is a non-magnetic substance. So object – 3 is made up of non- magnetic material.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2

8th Class English Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Complete the statements giving more than one reason.

1. Girls should be educated like boys because
a. ———————
b. ———————
c. ———————
d. ———————
Answer:
a. they need to stand on their own feet.
b. they need to get financial independence,
c. they need not to beg others for anything,
d. they need to lead a dignified life.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

2. Fully grown trees are more useful because
a. ———————
b. ———————
c. ———————
Answer:
a. they give us shade.
b. they give us flowers and fruit.
c. they give us wood for constructions and firewood.
d. they give us medicines.

II. Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Why was Akkayya perplexed?
Answer:
Akkayya was surprised to see the turayi and pomegranate trees in the little flower pots among the other flower plants. She didn’t know they were bonsai trees. So, she asked Ammalu why they planted those trees in the flower pots and how they could grow if they didn’t let them grow freely. Hearing Akkayya’s words, Ammalu burst into laughter. Akkayya didn’t understand why Ammalu had laughed. So, she was perplexed.

Question 2.
How is a bonsai reared?
Answer:
Bonsai is a Japanese art form using miniature trees grown in containers. A bonsai is created beginning with a specimen of source material. The source specimen is shaped to be relatively small. Then it is planted in a display pot. The practice of bonsai development incorporates a number of techniques, they are:
a) leaf trimming
b) punning the trunk, branches and roots
c) wining branches and trunks
d) clamping
e) grafting new growing material and
f) defoliation.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

Question 3.
What similarities do you notice between the bonsai tree and the housewife?
Answer:
Like the housewife, the bonsai tree is very delicate. Both the housewife and the bonsai can’t protect themselves. They can’t provide shelter to anyone. They can’t bear sufferings. They depend upon others for everything.

Question 4.
What made the narrator feel the urge to free the bonsai?
Answer:
The narrator’s heart was touched by Akkayya’s words. Akkayya’s words made the narrator feel the urge to free the Bonsai. She thought that it was just as one freed a bird from a cage to let it fly.

Question 5.
What is the central theme of ‘Bonsai Life’?
Answer:
The central theme of ‘Bonsai Life’ is that the women should be well educated and empowered. The women should know how to take care of themselves. They should protect themselves. They should be able to stand on their own feet. They shouldn’t depend upon others for everything. They should take up jobs.

III. Make a list of activities done by a homemaker and a working woman.

Homemaker Working Woman

Answer:

Homemaker Working Woman
1) Serving the husband 1) Doing the job
2) Looking after the offspring 2) Looking after the offspring
3) Washing the clothes 3) Managing the things at home
4) Cleaning the floor 4) Marketing
5) Cleaning the vessels 5) Cooking (in some cases)
6) Cooking the dishes 6) Washing (in some cases)

IV. Put a tick (✓) mark against the most appropriate meaning for the phrases given below.
1. ‘… to keep the washerman’s account’ means
a) to take care of household work.
b) to count clothes,
c) to maintain the washerman’s account.

2. ‘… uphill task’ means
a) high quality work.
b) a difficult job.
c) working on a hill.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

3. ‘… grass is greener on the other side’ means
a) the grass on this side is green.
b) others are as good as we are.
c) others are in a better position than us.

4. ‘… like a scorpion under a slipper’ means
a) killing a scorpion with a slipper.
b) being guided and controlled,
c) feeling totally suppressed.

Answer:
1 – a (✓)
2 – b (✓)
3 – c (✓)
4 – c (✓)

Vocabulary

I. Look at the phrasal verb underlined in the following sentence.
“I feel like giving it up. (give up).
What does it mean?
‘Give’ is a verb and ‘up’ is a preposition. Such combinations are called phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb normally gives a meaning different from the meaning of its parts.
‘Give up’ means ‘to stop doing something’.
Refer to a dictionary and find out the meaning of some more phrasal verbs beginning with ‘give’ and ‘look’.
give in ———–
give out ———–
give away ———–
look after ———–
look up ———–
look into ———–
Use the above phrasal verbs in your own sentences.
1. ———————–
2. ———————–
3. ———————–
4. ———————–
5. ———————–
6. ———————–
Answer:
give in: to accept that you are defeated
give out: to come to an end
give away: to give something to someone
look after: to take care of someone
look up: to become better
look into: to try to find out the truth about a problem.
1. The enemies were eventually forced to give in.
2. Her patience finally gave out.
3. I gave most of my books away to my friend.
4. The old man was looking after the child.
5. Finally, the things are beginning to look up.
6. The police officer is looking into the missing of the boy.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

II. Look at the simile in the following sentence.
Without it, she will have to live under her husband’s thumb ‘like a scorpion under a slipper’. The life of a homemaker is compared to a scorpion under a slipper. When we compare two things, we often use the word ‘like’.
Here are a few more examples of similes.
1. He roars like a lion.
2. They eat like wolves.
Answer:
Look at the following similes.
a) bright like a full moon
b) sleep like a log
c) eat like a bird
d) beautiful like a rose
e) sweet like honey
Now write five sentences using the above similes.
1. ———————–
2. ———————–
3. ———————–
4. ———————–
5. ———————–
Answer:
1. This light is bright like a full moon.
2. He sleeps like a log.
3. She eats like a bird.
4. It seems beautiful like a rose.
5. It is sweet like honey.

III. Make some idioms from the words in circles and use them in your own sentences, one is done for you
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 2
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 3
Answer:

Idiom Sentence
thorn in flesh He has been a thorn in flesh for them for years.
sore on back foot Mr. Rao has been annoying them like a sore on back foot.
top of the world As Sharma got a job. he is on top of the world.
cat on the wall sriram has not yet decided; he is being like a cat on wall.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

Grammar

I. Read the sentences.
1. AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 4 grew accustomed to village life.
2. AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 5 went into the kitchen.

The words in circles are subjects. The words underlined are predicates.

II. Circle the subjects and underline the predicates.
1. The girls danced.
2. The dark clouds filled the sky.
3. Shiva drove a silver Toyota.
Answer:
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 6

III. Identify subjects and predicates in each of the sentence in the following paragraph.
The narrator felt very happy to receive her sister and brother-in-law, who came to stay with them. They brought many things with them. Akkaya made special dishes for her sister’s husband, which he liked very much. She praised her sister for being employed and making her living. She was very sorry about her position at home.
One day the narrator showed her Bonsai plants and explained how they are grown but she did not like it. On a rainy day many people gathered under a tree to take shelter. Showing this, Akkaya made the narrator understand the importance of freedom in one’s life.

Note: Subjects are given in bold letters and predicates are underlined.
i) The narrator – subject
felt very happy to recieve her sister and brother-in-law, who came to stay with them – predicate
ii) They – subject
brought many things with them – predicate
iii) Akkayya – subject
made special dishes for her sister’s husband which he liked very much – predicate
iv) She – subject
praised her sister for being employed and making her living – predicate
v) She – subject
was very sorry about her position at home – predicate
vi) the narrator – subject
showed her Bonsai plants and explained how they are grown but she did not like it – one day – predicate
vii) many people – subject
gathered under a tree to take shelter on a rainy day – predicate
viii) Akkayya – subject
Showing this – made the narrator understand the importance of freedom in one’s life – predicate

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

Writing

Look at the following poster.
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 7
List the features of this poster.
e.g. Who has issued the poster? What is it about?
The date, time, place of the event, layout and nature of the sentences.
Answer:

  1. Issuing authority: APDWACRA, Arunodaya building, Brodiepet, Guntur.
  2. Event: Inauguration of handicrafts exhibition cum sale.
  3. Time: 4 p.m.
  4. Date: 15 October
  5. Place: Gunta Ground, Kothapet, Guntur.
  6. Duration: From 15th to 25th October.
  7. Layout: Suitable layout with the sentences which convey the theme directly.

I. Now, make a poster based on the information given below.

  1. Issuing authority: Andhra Pradesh Arts and Crafts Society, Vijayawada.
  2. Event: Dance Performance by Aarthi.
  3. November 14.
  4. Chief Guest: Honourable Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
  5. Venue: PWD Grounds, Vijayawada.

Answer:
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 8

Listening

I. Listen to a debate on the topic ‘Education of the Girl Child is a Burden’.

Education of the Girl Child Is a Burden

Speaker 1: Respected Chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends, I stand here to express my views for the motion, ‘Education of the girl child is a burden’. I would like to state that the education of the girl child is indeed a burden. In a poor family the main concern for the head of the family is to provide food, clothing and health to all the members. Most of their resources are used for these priorities. Later, when they think of education, the first preference goes to the male child as he would be growing to be the breadwinner of the family, whereas the girl would leave the family one day. So, I feel that educating of the girl child is a burden.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

Speaker 2: Respected chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends! My knowledgeable opponent is of the opinion that the education of the girl child is a burden. May I ask how education of the girl could be a burden when she is an equal partner in sharing the responsibilities and duties? If given a chance, she will be sharing the burden of the family at least till she gets married. So, I strongly oppose the motion.

Speaker 1: When my opponent feels that the girl child would leave the family one day after marriage, can’t we agree that it is a waste of money to educate a girl child? Instead, the families can save the money to bear the expenses of her wedding. Yes, surely the girl can reduce the burden not by earning after education but by managing the household work. As her duty in the later part of life is to look after the family and children, she better gets practice in the same. If she is away from home for longer periods, it would be an additional burden on the family.

Speaker 2: My friend said, the future of the girl child is to look after the family and children. Haven’t such traditional gender roles led to inequalities in the society? I strongly feel that an educated girl can render financial assistance to the father and later to the husband. My dear friend, it is education that will bring about a change in the attitude of people towards the role of women. Indeed, it is rightly said: ‘If you educate a man, you educate an individual. If you educate a woman, you educate a family’.

Now, complete the table based on the information you’ve just listened to:
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 9
Answer:
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 10

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

Bonsai Life Part 2 Summary in English

Though Akkayya had been very interested in studying, Nannagaru didn’t educate her. He believed that studies wouldn’t get into a girl’s head. So, he had made Akkayya discontinue her education. He concentrated only on Annayya’s education. Akkayya got married to a villager and she was limited to do her household work. Ammalu took her Akkayya around the house. Akkayya was surprised to see the turayi and pomegranate trees in the flower pots among the flower plants. She felt sorry for them. She questioned Ammalu how they would grow in that little space and why they couldn’t let them grow freely. Ammalu explained that they were bonsai trees. She told that Bonsai was a special method of growing plants. The Japanese named this method bonsai. But Akkayya didn’t like this idea. Ammalu was distressed as she was unable to impress her Akkayya with her bonsai. Then came the storm which brought all the sand from the desert. Ammalu caught hold of Akkayya’s shoulder and dragged her into the room. After a while it started raining. Ammalu immediately pulled the bonsai tree pots and flower pots inside, under the canopy. Akkayya opened the window and looked at the streets. She saw many people standing under the huge turayi tree. She showed it to Ammalu saying that it was providing shelter to the people and potecting them. Ammalu asked her Akkayya what was the surprising thing about it. Then Akkayya made Ammalu understand that a housewife’s life was like that of a bonsai. Though bonsai looked proper and sweet, it was very delicate. It couldn’t provide protection to anyone. Infact, it had to be brought under the canopy so that it would not be destroyed. Akkayya’s words touched Ammalu’s heart. She felt like freeing the bonsai trees from their flower pots. Thus the story is a plea to provide education for women to empower them and make financially independent.

About the Author

Abburi Chayadevi is a well known feminist writer born in 1933. She has written many short stories and essays. She was awarded by the Central Sahitya Akademi in 2005. In her works, she elucidates women life and their feelings.

Bonsai Life Part 2 Glossary

adept (adj): a natural ability to do something skilfully

drudgery (n): hard, boring work

stunted (v): prevented from growth

perplex (v): confuse

canopy (n): a cover fixed over something for shelter

squall (n): a strong wind

rage (v): come with force

respite (n): a short period of rest

nought (n): nothing’zero

backyard (n): an area with a hard surface behind a house

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 2

trimming (n): making something neater, smaller, better by cutting parts from it

confine (v): to keep something inside the limits of a particular activity

disheartened (adj): made somebody lose hope or confidence

collapsed (v): lay down

tend (v): to care for something

withstand (v): to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions

dragged (v): pulled somebody or something along with effort and difficulty

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part 1

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part 1

8th Class English Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers

Observe the pictures and discuss the questions that follow.
AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part I 1

Question 1.
Who are these people? What do you know about them?
Answer:
In the first picture we see Sarojini Naidu. She is also known as The Nightingale of India’. She was a poet and an Indian independence activist. In the second picture we see Mother Teresa. She was an ethnic Albanian, Indian Roman Catholic nun. She founded the Missionaries of Charity and served the needy. In the third picture we see Sunita Williams. She is an American astronaut. Her parental ancestry originates in Gujarat in India. In the fourth picture we see Saina Nehwal. She is an Indian badminton player who attained a career best ranking of 2 in December 2010. The fifth is the picture of Bharatha Das, Inspector of General of Crime Branch, Kerala, the first IG of Police of the Kerala Armed Police Battalions. In the sixth picture we see a village woman and in the last picture we see a city woman.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 1

Question 2.
‘Education leads to empowerment of women? Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement. Women education plays a key role in the social and economic development of the country. Educating a woman uplifts her life as well as the quality of her life
and her entire family. It is a fact that any educated woman will definitely support the education of her children especially a girl child and provide a better guidance to her children. An educated woman will easily imbibe an independent and progressive outlook in her children. More importantly, an educated woman in a society like India will assist in reducing the infant mortality rate and control the blossoming of the population. Hence we can say, education leads to empowerment of women.

Comprehension

I. Tick (✓) the statements that are true.

1. The narrator receives letters very frequently. [ ✓ ]
2. The letter brought the news of the narrator’s sister and brother-in-law’s arrival. [ ✓ ]
3. The narrator’s husband was very happy to hear the news of the visitors. [ ✓ ]
4. Akkayya was not interested to continue her studies. [ ]
5. The narrator’s husband likes the traditional food of Andhra Pradesh. [ ✓ ]

II. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
“The moment I see letters can’t …….. contain my excitement” Why does the narrator get excited?
Answer:
When the narrator gets the letters and reads them she thinks that it is almost as if she is face to face with her near and dear ones and they are speaking affectionately to her. When she reads the letters the exhaustion of office work disappears and her heart grows light. The sight of letters gives her the energy and enthusiasm and then she discharges her household duties very effectively. So, the narrator gets excited whenever she receives letters.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 1

Question 2.
What change did the narrator observe in her father’s attitude towards education over a decade?
Answer:
The narrator’s father felt in the beginning that education for girls was of no use. Those were the days when people thought it was enough if a girl was able to keep the washerman’s accounts. So, Nannagaru did not let Akkayya study after class Five. A decade later, when Ammalu was born, there was not much debate as to whether a girl should have education or not. Ammalu was lucky that her father changed with the times. He didn’t even hesitate to send her to college.

Question 3.
Why was Akkayya determined to send her daughter to college?
Answer:
Akkayya knew very well how she had suffered as she was not educated and not an employee. She didn’t have financial independence. She had to depend on her husband even for a few paise worth of karivepaku. She didn’t like to keep a girl at home without educating her. She thought that a woman would come to nothing if she didn’t have a degree and she would have to live under her husband’s thumb, like a scorpion under a slipper without it. So, she determined to send her daughter to college.

Bonsai Life Part 1 Summary in English

‘Bonsai Life’ by Abburi Chayadevi is a plea for educating women, thereby freeing them from their ‘Bonsai Life’. Ammalu is a wel! educated woman who works in Delhi. Her sister, on the other hand, is not educated as Ammalu. Their father did not let Akkayya study after class Five. He felt that it was enough if a girl was able to keep the washerman’s accounts. But Ammalu was lucky that her father changed with the times and allowed her to send her to college. Ammalu completed her education and married a job holder. Later she took up one well. Because Akkayya was not educated, she was married to a man from the village. Akkayya’s husband chose agriculture as his profession and settled down in the village to cultivate his land.
Ammalu is lazy about writing letters and loves to receive one from some place or the other, every day. She gets excited when she receives one. One day she received an unexpected letter from her Akkayya. Akkayya didn’t usually write a letter. So Ammalu thought that there might be a reason. She opened the letter and started reading. Akkayya wrote that she and her husband (Baavagaru) were visiting them soon as they wished to visit Kasi and Haridwar. Both Ammaiu and her husband were excited to know about their visit. For the first time Akkayya and Baavagaru were visiting their home since their marriage. Akkayya brought cucumber, drumsticks, appadams, vadiyams and coconuts which were all liked by Ammalu’s husband very much. As Ammalu was always busy with her work, she usually could not find time to prepare the things such as appadams, vadiyams etc. When she expressed the same, her Akkayya consoled her that she didn’t know how she was able to manage work at home and in the office. Ammalu was very unhappy with her job. Sometimes, she felt like giving it up. But Akkayya’s thoughts were different. She felt that a job holder didn’t have to beg anyone for anything and Ammalu was able to lead a dignified life because of her job only. Akkayya yearned for the financial independence of a working woman whereas Ammalu longed for happy life of a house wife. Akkayya’s daughter was in her final year at school. She was determined to send her to college. She felt if a woman didn’t have a degree, she would come to nothing.

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 1

Bonsai Life Part 1 Glossary

exhaustion (n): extreme tiredness

vanish (v): disappear

mutter (v): complain about something privately

savour (n): enjoy eating

sumptuous (adj): grand

dignified (adj): deserving respect

elated (adj): very happy, excited

wretched (adj): very unhappy, miserable

uphill (adj): difficult

enthusiasm (n): a strong feeling of excitement and interest in something

sip (n): a very small amount of a drink that one takes into one’s mouth

apprehensive (adj): worried or frightened that something unpleasant may happen

avoided (v): prevented from happening

hesitate (v): to slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or nervous

accustomed (u): familiar with something and accepting it as normal or usual

AP Board 8th Class English Solutions Bonsai Life Part 1

consoled (v): gave comfort or sympathy to somebody who is unhappy the grass is greener

on the otherside (idiom): It is said about people who never seem happy with what they have and always think that other people have a better situation than they have

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Tap root system is present in ——– plants.
Answer:
dicot.
2. The bud at the tip of the stem is known as ——–.
Answer:
terminal bud.
3. Part of the leaf that helps in the exchange of gases is ——–.
Answer:
stomata.
4. Primary organs of photosynthesis are ——–
Answer:
Leaves.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Choose the correct Answer.

1. The important function of stomata is
A) Conduction
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Absorption
Answer:
B) Transpiration

2. Part of plant that helps in absorption of water and minerals
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Flower
Answer:
A) Root

3. Part of the stem from where leaves arise is called
A) Node
B) Bud
C) Cotyledon
D) Internodes
Answer:
A) Node

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What are the important parts of a plant?
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are: a) Roots, b) Stem, c) Leaves, e) Flower and e) Fruit.

Question 2.
How does the stem help the plant?
Answer:
The stem of a plant,

  • supports the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
  • transports water and minerals from roots to upper aerial parts of the plant.
  • transports food from leaves to other parts.
  • in some plants, it stores the food so that they are known as the modified stem.
    Ex. Potato, turmeric, ginger, garlic and sugarcane.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Question 3.
What is the relation between the type of root system and venation?
Answer:
The relation between the type of root system and leaf venation is,
a) The plants having tap root system has reticulate venation.
b) The plants having a fibrous root system has parallel venation.

Question 4.
Rajani said “Respiration takes place in leaves” she correct? How can you support this statement?
Answer:

  1. What Rajani said is correct.
  2. The leaves of plants have tiny pores on their surface, which are called stomata.
  3. Stomata acts like a nose to the leaf.
  4. So that exchange of gases in the leaves takes place through stomata during respiration.

Question 5.
What will happen if a plant does not have any leaves?
Answer:

  • Leaves are the sites of photosynthesis for the preparation of food.
  • Gaseous exchange in plants takes place through leaves by the process of respiration.
  • Excess of water in the plant is removed in the form of vapours through the leaf surface.
  • If the plant does not have any leaves it will not able to make its own food and cannot perform the functions of respiration and transpiration.
  • Stem can perform these functions in those plants that does not have leaves.

Question 6.
How can you show that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do:

  • Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.
  • Now place a carrot in the glass.
  • Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
  • Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

Question 7.
Explain the various parts of a plant with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are:
a) root b) stem c) leaf d) flower e) fruit
a) Root: The underground part of the main axis of the plant is the root.

  • Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

b) Stem: The aerial part of the plant above the ground is the stem.

  • It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
  • It transports water, minerals and nutrients to the various parts.

c) Leaf: The flat, green portion of a plant that arises from a node is a leaf.

  • It helps in photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.

d) Flower: The bright and beautiful part of the plant.

  • It is a reproductive part of a plant.

e) Fruit: It is an edible part of a plant that contains seeds.

  • It developed from the flower.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Question 8.
Explain the parts of a leaf with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The main part of a leaf is,
a) Leaf base b) Petiole c) Lamina d) Midrib e) Veins
a) Leaf base: Lower part of the leaf that joins the leaf to the stem near the node.
b) Petiole: A stalk-like/structure that connects leaf to the stem of the plant.
c) Lamina: The thin, flat, green portion of the leaf is lamina.
d) Midrib: The long vein that present in the middle of the lamina.
e) Veins: The branches arising from the midrib and spread over all the lamina.

Question 9.
John has no sufficient place around his house to grow plants. But he wants to grow vegetables like tomato or brinjal. Suggest him some ways to grow plants.
Answer:
Terrace garden, Kitchen garden, Vertical garden are some methods for growing the plants in limited space.
a) Terrace garden: It is a simple garden growing on the terrace. In this process, we use water bottles, plant pots and other waste vessels to grow the plants.
b) Kitchen garden: A garden in which plants for use in the kitchen are cultivated.
c) Vertical garden: A garden in which the plants are supported to grow vertical, especially fences, posts, walls rather than along the ground.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Collect any plant from your surroundings. Draw its root structure. What can you say about its root system?
Answer:
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 3

  • The root system collected in the plant exhibit tap root system.
  • In this plant, the main root is thick and grows straight down into the ground is Tap root.
  • And the smaller roots arising from the tap root are Lateral roots.
  • The root system helps the plant to penetrate into deep layers of the soil.

(OR)

  • The root system collected in the plant exhibit tuberous root system.
  • In this plant all roots are thin and uniform in size.
  • This root system consists of a cluster of roots arising from the base of the stem.
  • The root system helps the plant to hold the soil firmly and prevent soil erosion.

Question 2.
Collect the leaves of various plants and prepare a herbarium. Write a brief report on their shapes size and venation.
Answer:
Students collect different shapes and sizes of leaves.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 4

  • A Herbarium is a store house of plant specimens which are collected, dried and mounted on paper sheets.
  • There are different shapes such as linear, elongated elliptical etc.
  • The collected leaves showing reticulate venation and parallel venation in some plants.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Question 3.
Prepare a greeting card with dry leaves.
Answer:
The student can prepare this in a way of his choice. (Student Activity)
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 5

Question 4.
Observe a plant that has healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers. Write your feelings about the plant in your note book.
Answer:

  • When we see a plant with healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers, we wonder at the glance of such point.
  • The green colour of the leaves gives us good scenery and good visibility.
  • Green colour is pleasant to our eyes so that it is quite healthy for our eyes.
  • On seeing the healthy plant, our mind gets refreshed and tries to forget all the worries.
  • The colour and beauty of the flowers makes us relax and its fragrance gives us aroma.

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Activities

Activity – 1

1. Collect 5 or 6 different types of plants from your garden.    (Page No. 13)
a) Observe the collected plants and try to identify their parts. Take the help of fig. 1 in your text book and write your observations in Table given Let us discuss the following questions.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 6
Answer:

Sl.No. Name of the plant Root
Yes/No
Stem
Yes/No
Leaves
Yes/No
Flower
Yes/No
1. Rice Yes Yes Yes Yes
2. Tulasi Yes Yes Yes Yes
3. Mango Yes Yes Yes Yes
4. Rose Yes Yes Yes Yes
5. Neem Yes Yes Yes Yes

i) Did you find any plant which does not have roots?
Answer:
No. I don’t find any plant without roots.
ii) Are the leaves of all plants similar in size?
Answer:
No. The leaves of all the plants are not in similar in size.
iii) Is there any plant without flowers?
Answer:
Ferns, mosses and liverworts are non flowering plants.
iv) What are the common parts that you observe in all plants?
Answer:
Roots, stem, leaves and flowers are the common parts that I observed in all plants.
v) Observe the roots of the plants you collected. How are they?
Answer:
They are not alike.
vi) Do all plants have a similar type of root?
Answer:
No, they have different roots.
vii) Is there any difference?
Answer:
Yes, we can observe the differences some plants have tap root system and some have fibrous

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

b) Compare the roots of your sample plants with pictures fig 2 and fig 3 and write your observations in table and answer the following questions.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 7

S.No. Name of the plant Type of root system
1. Tridax plant
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No. Name of the plant Type of root system
1. Tridax plant Tap root system
2. Rice Fibrous root system
3. Tulasi Tap root system
4. Mango Tap root system
5. Rose Tap root system
6. Neem Tap root system

i) In the tap root system, how does the middle root look like?
Answer:
Middle main root become thick and has thin rootlets.
ii) Compare the middle root with the remaining roots in the tap root system?
Answer:
The middle root is thick and known as Tap root, and the remaining rootlets are thin and known as Lateral roots.
iii) Do you find any such main root in fibrous root system? How are the roots of this plant?
Answer:
No. There is no main root in fibrous root system. Here all roots are similar in size.
iv) Do you find any other differences between tap root system and fibrous root system?
Taproot system consists of Taproot and Lateral roots in different sizes whereas in fibrous root system all roots are thin and uniform in size.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Activity – 2

2. Write an activity to identify an emerging point that belong to either monocot or dicot in your science lab.  (Page No. 14)
Answer:
Aim: To observe the cotyledons of bean seeds and finger millets comparatively with their root systems.
What you need: Two paper cups, soil, bean seeds, finger millet seeds, water.
What to do?:

  • Take two paper cups and fill them with fertile soil.
  • Sow 2 or 3 bean seeds in a cup and few finger millets in another cup.
  • Sprinkle water over them.
  • After a couple of days, we will see the sprouts.
  • Observe the newly emerging leaves of that sprouts.
  • Take out the plants out of the soil carefully and observe their roots.

What do you see: Two leaves are emerged from the bean seed and only one leaf emerged from the finger millet seedlings. These are the cotyledons.

  • Bean has two cotyledons so it is a dicot plant.
  • Finger millet has one cotyledon so it is a monocot plant.
  • Bean plant has tap root system whereas finger millet has fibrous root system.

What do you learn:

  • Dicot plants have tap root system whereas monocot plants have fibrous System.
  • So that there is a relation between the cotyledons and the root system.

Activity – 3

Water absorption by Root.   (Page No. 13)

3. How can you explain that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.

  • Now place a carrot in the glass.
  • Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
  • Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

  • Observe the figure. Which part of the plant does that boy hold to swing?
    AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 8
    Answer:
    Roots of Banyan (Aerial roots).

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Activity – 4
4. How can you prove that the water absorbed by the root is carried cut through stem to all parts of the plants?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the conduction of water by a stem.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 9
What you need: A small twig of balsam plant, a glass of water, red ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of ink to it.

  • Now place the small twig in the water.

What do you see: The stem turns reddish.
What do you learn: The red ink is taken and transported by the stem upwards.
Observe the given picture of a leaf and its parts.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 10

  • Where is the leaf attached to the stem?
    Answer:
    Leaf base.
  • What is the flat portion of the leaf called?
    Answer:
    Lamina (or) Leaf plate.
  • What do you call the small line like structure in the flat portion of the leaf?
    Answer:
    Veins.
  • Which part connects leaf lamina with the stem?
    Answer:
    Petiole.

Activity – 5

Are all leaves the same?   (Page No. 17)

5. a) Observe the leaves of the plants that you collected in activity 1.

  • How are they?
    Answer:
    They are thin and flattened green structures.
  • Are all the leaves being same size and shape?
    Answer:
    No. The leaves are not the same size and shape.

b) Compare the leaves of the plants collected in activity 1. Write your observation in the table given. You can also draw what you see in the shape and edge columns if describing is difficult.

S.No. Name of the plant Leaf base Yes/No Petiole
Yes/No
Lamina
Yes/No
Shape of the leaf Edges of the leaf
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No. Name of the plant Leaf base Yes/No Petiole
Yes/No
Lamina
Yes/No
Shape of
the leaf
Edges of the leaf
1. Rice Yes No Yes Linear Hairy
2. Tulasi Yes Yes Yes Oval Slightly toothed
3. Mango Yes Yes Yes Oval Smooth
4. Rose Yes Yes Yes Oval Sharply toothed
5. Neem Yes Yes Yes Linear Dentate
  • What are the common parts that you observe in all the leaves?
    Answer:
    Leaf base, petiole, lamina are the common parts I observed in all the leaves.
  • Do all the leaves have the same shape?
    Answer:
    No. All the leaves have not the same shape.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Activity – 6

6. Put a leaf under a white sheet of paper or a sheet in your notebook. Hold the tip of the pencil flat and rub it on the paper.        (Page No. 18)
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 11

  • Did you get any impression?
    Answer:
    Yes. I get the impression of leaf.
  • Is this pattern being similar to that of the leaf?
    Answer:
    Yes. It is similar to that of the leaf.

Activity – 7

Types of Venation. (Page No. 18)

7. Observe the venation of the leaves that you collected in activity 1. With the help of fig. 6 right your observations in table 4.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 12

S.No. Name of the Plant Venation (Reticulate / Parallel)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No. Name of the Plant Venation (Reticulate / Parallel)
1. Rice Parallel venation
2. Tulasi Reticulate venation
3. Mango Reticulate venation
4. Rose Reticulate venation
5. Neem Reticulate venation

a) Now compare the results obtained in table-2 with table-4.

  • What type of roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves?
    Answer:
    Fibrous roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves.
  • What type of roots are there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves?
    Answer:
    Taproot system is there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves.
  • Is there any relation between venation and root system?
    Answer:
    Yes. There is a relation between venation and the root system.
    The plants with taproot system have leaves with web-like or reticulate venation and plants with fibrous roots have parallel venation.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

Activity – 8

Stomata Observation. (Page No. 19)

8. What procedure do you follow to observe the stomata in your school lab?
Answer:
Aim: To observe stomata in a leaf.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 13
What you need: Fleshy leaf, water, microscope, slide.
What to do:

  • Take a fleshy leaf.
  • Peel the outer layer of the leaf and place it on a slide.
  • Put a drop of water on it and observe it under a microscope.

What do you see: We find some bean-shaped parts.
What do you learn: The bean-shaped parts are stomata. Its acts like our nose.

Activity – 9

Transpiration. (Page No. 19)

9. Write an activity to explain transpiration in plants.
Answer:
Aim: To observe that excess water is removed in the form of vapours from the leaf surface.
AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants 14
What you need: Well-watered potted plant, polythene bags, thread.
What to do:

  • Take a well-watered potted plant.
  • Enclose a leafy branch of the plant in a polythene bag and tie its mouth.
  • Take another polythene bag and tie its mouth without keeping any plant.
  • Keep both polythene bags under the sun.

AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

What do you see:

  • We see some droplets in the polythene bag that ties on the plant.
  • There are no droplets in another polythene bag.

What do you learn: Plants release excess water in the body through the stomata of the leaves.

  • This process of releasing water in the form of vapour by the process called transpiration.